Alterations In White Blood Cell Count Research Articles

Dynamic alterations in white blood cell counts and SARS-CoV-2 shedding in saliva: an infection predictor parameter.

The recent coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak posed a global threat and quickly escalated to a pandemic. However, accurate information on potential relationships between SARS-CoV-2 shedding in body fluids, especially saliva, and white blood cell (WBC) count is limited. In the present study we investigated the potential correlation between alterations in blood cell counts and viral shedding in saliva in a cohort of COVID-19 patients. In this preliminary clinical research, 24 age-matched COVID-19 patients without comorbidities, 12 (50%) men and 12 (50%) women, were followed up for a period of 5 days to investigate whether changes in the level of viral shedding in saliva might parallel with temporal alterations in WBC count. Viral shedding in saliva was qualitatively measured by performing SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests on patient saliva samples, using SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test Kit (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). These patients were classified into two groups with sputum and non-sputum cough. WBCs counts including leukocyte (LYM), neutrophil (NEU), and LYM counts were recorded for each patient on days 1, 3, and 5. The results of the present study showed that the levels of WBC, LYM, and NEU as well as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) increased significantly on the 5th day compared to the first day in both groups with sputum. However, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) did not show significant changes. This study proves that investigating the change in the number of blood LYMs as well as laboratory parameters such as CRP, LDH, and ESR as biomarkers is an accurate indicator to detect the amount of viral shedding in people with sputum and non-sputum. The results of our study denote that the measured parameters exhibit the intensity of viral shedding in people with sputum.

The relationship between multiple perfluoroalkyl substances and cardiorespiratory fitness in male adolescents.

Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is associated with a number of adverse health outcomes. However, the relationship between mixed and individual PFAS exposure and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adolescents remains unclear. We used cross-sectional data from 491 teenagers (aged 13-19years) from the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and examined the association between mixed PFAS exposure and CRF via weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was used to evaluate CRF. Multivariate linear regression was performed to investigate the relationship between each PFAS and VO2max as well as the relationship between PFAS exposure and the inflammation parameters and blood lipid content. Mediation analyses were performed to investigate possible explanations of the risk of low CRF due to PFAS exposure. The results showed that for males, mixed PFAS exposure was negatively related to VO2max (beta = - 0.80, 95% CI: - 1.53 to - 0.10, P = 0.028) and that of the PFASs, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) had the greatest influence on VO2max. In the individual PFAS analysis, PFNA was negatively related to VO2max in male adolescents (beta = - 1.49, 95% CI: - 2.65 to - 0.32, P = 0.013). Additionally, significant relationships among serum PFNA levels and total cholesterol and the white blood cell (WBC) count were found. Mediation analyses revealed that WBC count accounted for 24.18% of the variation between PFNA level and CRF. The present results provide epidemiological evidence that exposure to PFASs, mainly PFNA, is negatively associated with CRF, possibly via alterations in WBC count.

P16 – 2356: The effect of levetiracetam monotherapy on haematological parameters in children with epilepsy

Objective This study was designed to address whether Levetiracetam (LEV) monotheraphy have any effect on hematological parameters in children with epilepsy. Methods We retrospectively evaluated consecutive cases of children and adolescents with epilepsy that were treated for new-onset epilepsy with LEV monotheraphy from a single institution in Adana, Turkey, between March 2007 and March 2014. We under took a retrospective medical record review to determine demographics (gender, age and weight), seizure type, etiology of seizures, age at onset of seizures, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), EEG findings at the beginning of LEV treatment and dose of LEV. All hematological markers including white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils (NEUT), lymphocytes (LYMPH), monocytes (MONO), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT) and platelets were reviewed before and after at 1 and 6 months of LEV monotheraphy. Results There were 23 boys and 16 girls, age range, 30 months to 18 years (with a mean 10±4.2 years). 32 of 39 patients had CBC analysis at 1 month after the beginning of LEV therapy. Median dosages of LEV at 1 month and 6 month of therapy were 23.0 mg/kg/day (range 13–58 mg/kg/day) and 23.0 mg/kg/day (range 15–58 mg/kg/day) respectively. No significant alterations in the hematological parameters including on NEUT, LYMPH, MONO, HGB, and HCT were found at 1 months of LEV treatment. However median total WBC count (8.3±2.7) was significantly lower (7.8±2.3) at the 1 month of treatment (P=0.003). 33 of 39 patients had CBC analysis at 6 months after the beginning of LEV therapy. There were not any significant alterations in the hematological parameters at 6 months of LEV treatment. Conclusion LEV monotheraphy may cause transient alterations in WBC count in children with epilepsy. However there were not any alterations in NEUT, LYMPH, MONO count and none of the patients had leukopenia.

Some immunological studies on coalworkers with and without pneumoconiosis.

This work formed part of a series of studies devised to investigate immunological markers which it was considered might reflect individual susceptibility to the development of coalworkers' pneumoconiosis and especially progressive massive fibrosis. Estimations of T and B lymphocytes and white blood cell counts (WBCC) were performed on blood samples from 324 coalworkers grouped according to radiographic category of pneumoconiosis, age, and smoking habits. A subgroup of 43 men was further screened for both humoral anti-lung antibodies (ALA) and direct lymphocyte-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (LMCC) towards human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HEL). In addition 673 serum samples obtained during a previous study of autoimmune factors in coalworkers were screened for humoral antibodies to HEL cells. The only correlation found between category of pneumoconiosis and alterations in WBCC, percentage or absolute numbers of lymphocytes, or the presence of anti-lung antibodies was a decrease in a subgroup of T lymphocytes with increasing severity of pneumoconiosis. The major factor influencing these parameters in this study was the smoking status of the man. Smokers showed increased WBCC and lymphocyte numbers and a higher frequency of ALA and LMCC when compared with nonsmokers.