Alterations In Hematological Parameters Research Articles

Launaea fragilis extract attenuated arthritis in rats through modulation of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB, COX-2, IL-4, and IL-10.

Launaea fragilis (Asso) Pau is a Cholistan desert medicinal plant. Launaea species are used as traditional remedies against various inflammatory conditions. The current research was designed to evaluate the anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-arthritic potential of ethanolic extract of L. fragilis (Et-LF). The plant extract was prepared by triple maceration. GC-MS screening explored the presence of various bioactive phytoconstituents including n-tetracosanol-1, 1-heptacosanol, and n-hexadecanoic acid. DPPH assay demonstrated the antioxidant potential of Et-LF. Safety profile data indicated that Et-LF was safe up to the oral dose of 5000mg/kg in female rats. Anti-nociceptive activity of Et-LF was assessed in hot plate method and acetic acid-induced writhing model and the results suggested that Et-LF had significant analgesic effects in both animal models. Carrageenan, histamine, and serotonin-induced edema models were used to estimate the anti-inflammatory effects of Et-LF and were found to prevent paw edema development dose dependently. The anti-arthritic effect of Et-LF was estimated in CFA-induced arthritic rat model. Treatment with Et-LF 125, 250, 500 and flurbiprofen (FP) 10mg/kg/day significantly attenuated the paw edema, reversed the reduced body weight, and restored the altered hematological parameters in arthritic rats. Gene expression studies revealed the significant downregulation of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, NF‑κB, and COX-2, and upregulation of IL-4 and IL-10 in arthritic rats treated with various doses of plant extract. Histological evaluation of ankle joints showed that Et-LF mitigated pannus formation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and fibrous connective tissue formation in the diseased rats. Thereof, it may be concluded that the recent study demonstrated the anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-arthritic effects ascribed to the signifying presence of phytoconstituents in L. fragilis.

Evaluation of full blood count among plasmodium parasatized pregnant women, in general hospital Sabo Kaduna state, Nigeria

Background: Malaria poses a significant public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among pregnant women, where it contributes to a high burden of infection and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the impact of malaria on haematological and biochemical parameters among pregnant women attending the Antenatal Clinic at General Hospital Sabo Kaduna State, North-Western Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 70 pregnant women participated in the study, with subjects aged between 15 and 40 years. A total of 70 pregnant women participated in the study, 50 of which were malaria positive and 20 of which were malaria negative. Participants were recruited from Antenatal Clinic of General Hospital Sabo, Kaduna State. Socio-demographic characteristic and blood samples were collected and examine for malaria parasite, some haematological parameters (HCT, HGB, WBC, RBC and platelet count) were measured using the sysmex auto-haematology analyzer. Data generated was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 statistical package. Results: Findings revealed that younger women, particularly those aged 21-25 years, constituted a significant proportion of the subjects, consistent with previous reports. Haematological analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin (HGB), red blood cell count (RBC), and platelet count among malaria parasitized pregnant women compared to controls (p<0.05). However, white blood cell (WBC) count remained within the normal reference range for both groups. Conclusion: These findings corroborate previous research indicating that malaria infection leads to alterations in haematological parameters, primarily attributed to mechanical destruction of parasitized red blood cells and splenic clearance. Furthermore, there should be an enhanced efforts to implement malaria prevention and control strategies, promote sanitation practices to reduce mosquito breeding sites, and prioritize the inclusion of malaria parasite investigation as a routine test in antenatal care for pregnant women.

Altered Haematological Parameters in Gasoline Station Workers Due to Benzene Exposure

Benzene is harmful to human health and early detection of haematological alterations is important in preventing adverse health effects. This study aimed to investigate the biomarkers of benzene exposure and its effects due to haematological alterations. Gasoline station workers with potential risks according to the biomatrix concerning benzene exposure underwent blood and urine evaluation for the biological monitoring of urinary trans, trans-muconic acid (tt-MA), and haematological and biochemical parameter evaluation. The results were analysed for correlations between biological and haematological effects. The tt-MA biomarker was detected in some workers and approximately 50% of workers had a blood profile that showed abnormal parameters with respect to the haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct) and white blood cell parameters, which were outside the normal range. A significant correlation was observed between the tt-MA biomarker’s level and the levels of the haematological and biochemical parameters, which were Hb, Hct, eosinophil, neutrophil, SGOT and blood creatinine. The level of urinary tt-MA as a marker of benzene exposure correlated with haematological and biochemical changes in the blood, suggesting that the gasoline station workers were affected by benzene exposure. Moreover, the current study suggests that early detection of haematological abnormalities may be possible by analysing biomarkers of their effects through regular health surveillance of workers.

Evaluating Hematological Parameter Alterations in Cancer Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis

Background: As cancer stands as the primary cause of mortality in both developed and developing nations, the problem is anticipated to escalate worldwide due to aging and rapid population growth. This study aimed to investigate alterations in hematological parameters in patients affected by different cancers.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Cancer Hospital, Abbottabad. Blood samples from cancer patients were analyzed in a pathology lab. In 2021, 92 cancer patients visited between January to June were recruited. Various characteristics of blood samples from cancer patients were examined using the hematology analyzer Nihon Kohden. All data were analyzed through in Microsoft Excel 2016.Results: A total of ninety two (n=92) patients participated in the study, with 41 male patients and 51 female. Decrease observed in all hematological parameters such as hemoglobin, total leukocyte count, and platelet levels.Conclusion: The study concludes that cancer patients display significant abnormalities in hematological parameters. A basic blood test emerges as the simplest and most crucial diagnostic tool for identifying illnesses.

ACUTE AND SUB-CHRONIC TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF PYRIDOSTIGMINE BROMIDE 90 MG EXTENDED- ELEASE TABLETS IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the acute and subchronic toxicity of Pyridostigmine bromide 90 mg extended-release tablets in experimental animals. Subjects and methods: Pyridostigmine bromide 90 mg extended-release tablets were prepared complying in-house specifications. Acute oral toxicity (LD50) was determined in white mice using the Litchfield-Wilcoxon method. Subchronic toxicity was assessed in rabbits following OECD guidelines. Results: The acute toxicity study revealed an LD50 of 17.9 mg/kg when Pyridostigmine bromide 90 mg extended-release tablets were orally administered to mice. In the subchronic toxicity assessment, rabbits were treated with Pyridostigmine bromide tablets for 28 days. Doses of 7.2 mg/kg/day and 21.6 mg/kg/day showed no significant alterations in hematological parameters (red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, white blood cells, platelets), blood biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, total protein, creatinine, urea), and did not cause damage to the histopathology of the liver, spleen, and kidneys in rabbits. However, the dose of 21.6 mg/kg/day resulted in a statistically significant difference in rabbit weight gain compared to those administered a dose of 7.2 mg/kg/day and those in the control group.

Alterations in haematological indices of indomethacin-ulcerated rats treated with Persea americana seed and Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf ethyl acetate fraction

This study determined the alterations in haematological parameters of indomethacin-ulcerated rats treated with P. americana seed (PAS) and B. pinnatum leaf (BPL) ethyl acetate fraction. Fifty (50) healthy Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into ten (10) groups of five (5) animals each according to body weight (100-120 g). Animals in group I served as normal control; the rats in groups III-X were pre-treated with 20 mgKg-1 b. wt. Omeprazole (STD), 400 mgKg-1 b. wt. PAS, 400 mgKg-1 b. wt. BPL, 400 mgKg-1 b. wt. PAS + BPL (1:1), 400 mgKg-1 b. wt. PAS + BPL (1:2), 400 mgKg-1 b. wt. PAS + BPL (1:3) respectively for 21 days. Thereafter, animals in groups II-X were induced for gastric ulcer by intubation of 30 mgKg-1 b. wt. indomethacin after being fasted for 24 hours. The animals were sacrificed after 4 hours and the complete blood count was determined using an automated hematology analyzer. Results obtained from the study showed significant (p<0.05) elevation in the total and differential white blood cell count of Wistar rats in the indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer control group and ethyl acetate fraction treated groups. Indomethacin, PAS, and BPL ethyl acetate fraction and the combinations did not cause marked changes in red blood cell indices. However, platelet count was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by the combinations of the P. americana seed and B. pinnatum leaf ethyl acetate fraction. These findings demonstrated that indomethacin induction resulted in a significant increase in the total white blood cell and platelet count when matched with the control group; this was similarly seen in PAS+BPL (1:3) and PAS+BPL (3:1) combinations of PAS and BPL. The result is suggestive of a compromise in the hemostatic capability of the blood in rats treated with some combinations of P. americana seed and B. pinnatum leaf ethyl acetate fraction.

Assessment of dietary polyvinylchloride, polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate exposure in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus: Bioaccumulation, and effects on behaviour, growth, hematology and histology

Microplastics (MPs) have been recognized as emerging aquatic pollutants receiving major concern due to their detrimental effects on aquatic life. Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus is a model species considered in toxicological studies to address the effects of pollutants in freshwater animals. However, comprehensive knowledge comparing the impacts on fish across various MPs polymers is scarce. Therefore, the overarching aim of the current study was to examine the bioconcentration of MPs polymers: polyvinylchloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and their toxic effects on growth, and behavioral responses, hematology, and histology of gills, liver, and intestine in O. niloticus. Fishes were subjected to a 21-day dietary exposure to MPs by assigning them into six treatment groups: T1 (4% of PVC), T2 (4% of PP), T3 (4% of PET), T4 (8% of PVC), T5 (8% of PP), T6 (8% of PET), and control (0% of MPs), to assess the effects on fish across the polymers and dosage. Results showed several abnormalities in anatomical and behavioral parameters, lower growth, and high mortality in MPs-exposed fish, indicating a dose-dependent relationship. The elevated dosage of polymers raised the bioavailability of PVC, PP, and PET in gills and gut tissues. Noteworthy erythrocyte degeneration referred to cytotoxicity and stress imposed by MPs, whereas the alterations in hematological parameters were possibly due to blood cell damage, also indicating mechanisms of defense against MPs toxicity. Histopathological changes in the gills, liver, and intestine confirmed the degree of toxicity and associated dysfunctions in fish. A higher sensitivity of O. niloticus to PET-MPs compared to other polymers is likely due to its chemical properties and species-specific morphological and physiological characteristics. Overall, the present study reveals valuable insights into the emerging threat of MPs toxicity in freshwater species, which could be supportive of future toxicological research.

Minor micro-rheological alterations in the presence of an artificial saphenous arteriovenous shunt, as an arteriovenous malformation model in the rat.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are vascular anomalies characterized by abnormal shunting between arteries and veins. The progression of the AVMs and their hemodynamic and rheological relations are poorly studied, and there is a lack of a feasible experimental model. To establish a model that cause only minimal micro-rheological alterations, compared to other AV models. Sixteen female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control and AVM groups. End-to-end anastomoses were created between the saphenous veins and arteries to mimic AVM nidus. Hematological and hemorheological parameters were analyzed before surgery and on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, and 12th postoperative weeks. Compared to sham-operated Control group the AVM group did not show important alterations in hematological parameters nor in erythrocyte aggregation and deformability. However, slightly increased aggregation and moderately decreased deformability values were found, without significant differences. The changes normalized by the 12th postoperative week. The presented rat model of a small-caliber AVM created on saphenous vessels does not cause significant micro-rheological changes. The alterations found were most likely related to the acute phase reactions and not to the presence of a small-caliber shunt. The model seems to be suitable for further studies of AVM progression.

A case study on Ayurvedic management on Kamala w.s.r. to Hepatitis E Virus

Hepatitis is defined as liver inflammation that can be caused on by a number of conditions, including prolonged drug use, heavy alcohol consumption, autoimmune conditions, and exposure to toxins. The term "viral hepatitis" describes the most common type of hepatitis, which is caused by an infection with a virus. In this case, report effect of Ayurveda intervention in HEV is reported. A 55-year, old non-alcoholic, married male patient from an urban area, presented with yellowish discolouration of sclera, urine, upper and lower extremities, reduced appetite, nausea, fatigue with generalized weakness and experiencing upper abdominal pain to the National Institute of Ayurveda Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan. On examination, icterus was present, pitting edema present on both lower legs. Hematological examination revealed altered total bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, Triglycerides, ESR, CRP. Also, sonographic examination revealed a mild hepatomegaly in the patient. The total duration of the treatment was 2 months. The patient was assessed for improvement in hematological parameters, viral markers, and signs and symptoms. after two months, significant improvement was observed in signs and symptoms, and all altered hematological parameters, and viral markers were within normal limits. Hence, presenting this case is evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of two months of Ayurvedic treatment in managing HEV. The total duration of the treatment was 60 days.

Physiological, Haematological And Production Characteristics Of Pheasants In Different Rearing Conditions

Summary This paper presents a physiological, hematological, and biochemical study of the impact of different rearing conditions on pheasant production outcomes and mortality rates in both the pheasant parent flock and pheasant chicks up to 6 weeks old. Pheasant breeding holds significance within hunting activities and meat production for the food market due to its high biological and nutritive value. Pheasant meat contains high-quality proteins, minerals, essential unsaturated fatty acids, and boasts a low-fat percentage. The quality of pheasant meat derived from natural habitats holds a higher biological value compared to that of pheasants raised on farms, featuring higher water, protein, and calcium contents, and a lower fat percentage. The dry mass of breast muscles from farm-reared birds contains more protein and less fat when compared to drumstick muscles. Notably, during the egg-laying period, alterations in hematological parameters linked to oxygen transport, decreased erythropoiesis, and increased values in white blood cell parameters were observed. Changes in blood biochemical parameters signify increased energy requirements in pheasant hens during egg laying, as well as heightened transportation of minerals, proteins, and cholesterol, which accumulate in the eggshell, albumen, and yolk. The elevated metabolic requirements in pheasant hens manifest significantly through increased levels of cholesterol, uric acid, lactates, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), calcium, and phosphorus. Simultaneously, there is a noteworthy decrease in plasma total proteins, albumins, glucose, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations. Several challenges persist throughout all production stages, leading to reduced egg yield, compromised egg quality and fertility, as well as increased mortality rates. These issues stem from factors such as high population density, an inappropriate male-to-female sex ratio, inadequate nutrition, and insufficient assessment of the biological quality of hatching eggs.

Modulations by L-Carvone and Thymoquinone to Exert Protection on Bone Marrow Cells Against Benzene-induced Toxicities Through Anti-inflammatory Pathways in SD Rats

Background Adverse effects of benzene (BZ) exposure toxicities were documented by many researchers worldwide. BZ exposure causes many hematological abnormalities that might be treated with naturally occurring phytocompounds. Aim In this experimental study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of L-carvone and thymoquinone together (LCTQ) against BZ-induced inflammatory toxicities in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Introduction BZ exposure could cause an excess formation of immature blood cells to enter the peripheral bloodstream. Phytocompounds namely L-carvone (LC) and thymoquinone (TQ) have confirmed anti-inflammatory effects against various diseases. Materials and Methods Rats were divided into four different groups such as control, LCTQ group, BZ pathologic group, and treatment group (LCTQ+BZ). After 10 weeks of the experimental period, body weight changes, hematological parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, RBC antioxidants, bone marrow cellular abnormalities, and bone marrow DNA fragmentation were evaluated. Results BZ toxicity showed abnormal loss of body weight, altered hematological parameters, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, abnormal cellular oxidative status, and DNA damage. LCTQ treatment showed significant ( p < 0.05) increase in body weight, normalized hematological parameters such as red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells (lymphocytes and eosinophils), platelets (PLT), and hematocrit with RBC parameters, reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), controlled oxidative stress, normalized enzymatic antioxidants in the RBC cells, normalized nucleated cells, megakaryocyte cells, and controlled DNA fragmentation were observed. Conclusion The current study showed an anti-inflammatory effect of LCTQ through the control of inflammation against benzene-induced toxicities in rats.

PSVI-1 Elucidating the Effects of the CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis Through Hematological Changes in Sheep During Gestation

Abstract The placenta, an organ that develops during pregnancy, is essential for transporting nutrients and oxygen to the developing offspring. Formation of the placenta is characterized by many physiological and hematological changes necessary for a healthy gestation. Improper placentation causes placental insufficiency which increases fetal mortality and poor postnatal health and performance. Causes of placental insufficiency are poorly understood, however evidence indicates immune factors including the chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its receptor (CXCR4) regulate several processes central to placentation and white blood cells (WBC) have essential roles by promoting trophoblast invasion and supporting artery remodeling. We previously demonstrated suppressing CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling at the fetal-maternal interface during implantation diminishes placental vascularization, reduces trophoblast invasion, and creates an excessively inflammatory placental environment. Building on these studies, we hypothesized the negative impacts early in gestation would result in compromised placental development and altered hematological parameters during gestation. Identifying key hematological changes or inflammatory markers in a complete blood count analysis during pregnancy might provide diagnostic clues to placental insufficiency at early stages of pregnancy. Our objective was to determine if disrupting the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis during implantation results in an altered hematological profile or serum progesterone (P4) concentrations. Using an in-vivo sheep model osmotic pumps were surgically installed to deliver treatments into the uterine lumen on day 12 of gestation. Pumps delivered either CXCR4 inhibitor (AMD3100) at (1X, 1.5X, or 3X dose), CXCL12 at (low or high dose), or PBS (control) into the uterus over the course of 14 days. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture daily from days 11 to 16 of gestation, every two days from days 18 to 30, and weekly from day 35 to 135 and analyzed within 2 h of collection for a complete blood count using the Abaxis VetScan HM5. Serum was also collected and P4 concentrations were quantified by radioimmunoassay. Manipulating the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis during early gestation did not affect (P = 0.98) systemic circulating progesterone values during days tested, but neutrophils, lymphocytes, WBCs, and platelets increased indicated systemic inflammation. Of the hematological parameters tested, WBC counts were increased (P < 0.05) in the 3X AMD3100 treatment group and neutrophils and lymphocytes tended (P < 0.1) to increase compared with control. Our results reveal that suppressing CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling during early gestation creates an inflammatory response reflected in circulation. A greater understanding of hematological changes and endometrial interactions involved in placentation in sheep is necessary to elucidate the causes of placental insufficiency and recurrent pregnancy loss. Future research will investigate if circulating markers indicative of placental dysfunction exist which may lead to methods to improve fertility, pregnancy outcomes, and fetal health.

Utilization Of The Complete Blood Count In Diagnosing Endemic Diseases In Pakistan.

Numerous infectious diseases, including enteric fever, malaria, dengue fever, and, most recently, coronavirus disease-2019, are prevalent in Pakistan. All these diseases have overlapping clinical symptoms and can present a diagnostic challenge for the general practitioner. Since definitive testing for these disorders is time-consuming and expensive, basic clinical testing, such as a complete blood count, should be utilised to supplement clinical diagnosis, when possible. The current narrative review was planned to present specific alterations in haematological parameters for each of these disorders. The review was intended as a guide for practising physicians in their decision-making.

Acute and 28-day toxicity evaluation of hydroethanolic extract of <i>Eragrostis tremula</i> (Poaceae) in Wistar rats

Eragrostis tremula is utilized in Nigeria and other African countries as a memory enhancer, lactation stimulant, antiemetic, aphrodisiac and remedy for snake bites. Scientific reports revealed that this plant has anti-oxidant, anticholinesterase, cytotoxic and memory enhancing properties; despite these potentials, there is paucity of safety data to support its continued usage. This study investigated the toxicity profile of hydroethanolic extract of E. tremula (HEET) in Wistar rats. Acute and sub-acute (28 days at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg per oral) toxicity tests were conducted using OECD 425 and 407 guidelines respectively. Limit test at 5,000 mg/kg was conducted to ascertain the midpoint lethal dose (LD50). The LD50 of HEET was above 5000 mg/kg per oral and no significant alterations in haematological parameters and tissue morphology were observed. In the sub-acute study, no death was recorded. There were no changes in food intake, organ/body weight, lipid profile, liver and renal function indices. However, histology of the kidneys showed slight tubular adhesion and glomerular necrosis. HEET was practically safe after acute administration with no practical deleterious effect at 250 mg/kg after prolonged administration in rats. However, 28 days administration of high doses caused slight kidney injury.

The Protective Potential of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss. on Paracetamol-Induced Hepatio-Renal Toxicity and Antiproteinuric Effect: A Biochemical, Hematological, and Histopathological Study.

Background and Objectives: Paracetamol overdose is a significant global issue due to its widespread use, which can lead to a lack of awareness regarding its potential side effects. Paracetamol can harm the liver, possibly resulting in liver failure. Conversely, this study employed extracts from Petroselinum crispum (PC), known for its rich content of bioactive compounds, with demonstrated antioxidant properties shown in previous research as well as protective effects against various diseases. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of Petroselinum crispum on altered hematological and biochemical parameters in the blood of rats exposed to paracetamol. Materials and Methods: The study involved twenty Wistar rats divided into four groups. Different groups of male rats were administered PC extract at 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 15 days, along with a standard reference dose of paracetamol at 200 mg/kg. The study assessed hepatoprotection capacity by analyzing liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, albumin, and lipid profiles. Renal safety was evaluated through creatinine, urea, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and total protein. Additionally, histopathological examinations of the liver and kidneys were conducted. Results: Following Paracetamol overdose, there were reductions in hemoglobin levels, serum total protein, albumin, and uric acid. Paracetamol overdose also elevated levels of several blood biomarkers, including creatinine, urea, nitrogen, ALT, AST, triglycerides, LDH activity, white blood cell count, and platelet count compared to the control group. However, using an ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum significantly mitigated the severity of these alterations and the extent of the effect correlated with the dose administered. Parsley extract helped prevent proteinuria and low hemoglobin, which are common side effects of Paracetamol. Conclusions: Therefore, parsley may hold promise in managing liver and kidney conditions-particularly in addressing proteinuria. Ultimately, these results may have implications for human health by potentially mitigating paracetamol-induced renal, hepatic, and hematological toxicity.

Changes in Hematological and Hemorheological Parameters Following Mild COVID-19: A 4-Month Follow-Up Study.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was described to affect red blood cells (RBC) in both severe and mild disease courses. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hematological and hemorheological changes that were previously described for COVID-19 patients after the acute infection state are still prominent after another 4 months to assess potential long-term effects. Hematological and RBC rheological parameters, including deformability and aggregation, were measured 41 days after infection in COVID-19 patients and non-COVID control (T0) and 4 months later in COVID-19 patients (T1). The data confirm alterations in hematological parameters, mainly related to cell volume and hemoglobin concentration, but also reduced deformability and increased aggregation at T0 compared to control. While RBC deformability seems to have recovered, hemoglobin-related parameters and RBC aggregation were still impaired at T1. The changes were thus more pronounced in male COVID-19 patients. COVID-19-related changes of the RBC partly consist of several months and might be related to persistent symptoms reported by many COVID-19 patients.

THE EFFECT OF QUERCETIN ON SOME HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AGAINST BISPHENOL-A EXPOSURE IN STREPTOZOCIN-INDUCED RATS

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting environmental toxin widely used in the composition of plastics. Today, the widespread use of BPA in preserving and packaging food and beverages increases BPA exposure. Therefore, recent research has focused on the health effects of continuous exposure to BPA. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of quercetin (QUE) on different hematologic variables in rats induced by the environmental toxin BPA and streptozocin (STZ). Wistar albino rats were administered BPA orally (p.o.) at 10 mg/kg and QUE intraperitoneally (i.p.) at 15 mg/kg for 14 days. STZ was administered subcutaneously (s.c.) in a single dose of 50 mg/kg at the beginning of the experiment. 72 rats were randomly selected for the experimental procedure and divided into 9 groups with 8 animals in each group. The groups were created as follows; Group 1: Control (Saline); Group 2: Corn oil (0.5 ml, solvent); Group 3: STZ (50 mg/kg); Group 4: BPA (10 mg/kg); Group 5: QUE (15mg/kg); Group 6: STZ (50 mg/kg) + QUE (15mg/kg); Group 7: BPA (10 mg/kg) + QUE (15mg/kg); Group 8: STZ (50 mg/kg) + BPA group (10 mg/kg); Group 9: STZ (50 mg/kg) + BPA (10 mg/kg) + QUE (15mg/kg). STZ and BPA-treated rats showed functional variability in all hematologic parameters. The combination of STZ and BPA significantly reduced erythrocytes, leukocytes, and their associated parameters. However, QUE treatment alone or in combination corrected the altered hematologic parameters. The results of this study demonstrated that exposure to BPA in combination with STZ may alter hematologic indices, while QUE may be a therapeutic agent to correct the altered blood profile.

The standardized extract of Centella asiatica L. Urb attenuates the convulsant effect induced by lithium/pilocarpine without affecting biochemical and haematological parameters in rats

BackgroundStatus epilepticus (SE) is a type of epileptic activity characterized by a failure of the inhibitory mechanisms that limit seizures, which are mainly regulated by the GABAergic system. This imbalance increases glutamatergic neurotransmission and consequently produces epileptic activity. It is also associated with oxidative stress due to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defences. Unfortunately, long-term treatment with anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) may produce hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and haematological alterations. In this way, some secondary metabolites of plants have been used to ameliorate the deterioration of nervous system disorders through their antioxidant properties, in addition to their anticonvulsant effects. An example is Centella asiatica, a plant noted to have a reputed neuroprotective effect related to its antioxidant activity. However, similar to conventional drugs, natural molecules may produce side effects when consumed in high doses, which could occur with Centella asiatica. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of a standardized extract of Centella asiatica L. Urb with tested anticonvulsant activity on biochemical and haematological parameters in rats subjected to lithium/pilocarpine-induced seizures.MethodsTwenty-eight adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 7 each): vehicle (purified water), Centella asiatica (200 and 400 mg/kg), and carbamazepine (CBZ) (300 mg/kg) as a pharmacological control of anticonvulsant activity. Treatments were administered orally every 24 h for 35 consecutive days. On Day 36, SE was induced using the lithium/pilocarpine model (3 mEq/kg, i.p. and 30 mg/kg s.c., respectively), and the behavioural and biochemical effects were evaluated.ResultsCentella asiatica 400 mg/kg increased the latency to the first generalized seizure and SE onset and significantly reduced the time to the first generalized seizure compared to values in the vehicle group. Biochemical parameters, i.e., haematic cytometry, blood chemistry, and liver function tests, showed no significant differences among the different treatments.ConclusionThe dose of Centella asiatica that produces anticonvulsant activity in the lithium/pilocarpine model devoid of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and alterations in haematological parameters suggests that the standardized extract of this plant could be of utility in the development of new safe therapies for the treatment of convulsions associated with epilepsy.

Variations in complete blood counts and cellular morphological alterations in blood smear of COVID-19 patients from a tertiary care center

Corona viruses are a large family of viruses of which Corona virus disease 19 (COVID 19) infection evokes a hyperinflammatory response and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in human beings. Complete blood count evaluation and peripheral smear examination is an essential tool for early diagnosis and management of COVID-19 positive patients. This study was aimed to evaluate the variations in complete blood counts (CBC) and changes in the cellular morphology in the blood smear in patients affected with COVID-19. This was an observational study, undertaken in a tertiary care center. The study included baseline blood samples from 96 proven COVID-19 positive cases. The samples were subjected for automated complete blood count analysis and peripheral smear examination.Thequantitative data were expressed by mean and Standard deviation. Qualitative categorical variables were expressed as numbers and percentages. Out of the total 96 cases, the most common quantitative finding was neutrophilic leukocytosis with relative lymphopenia. Five cases of absolute lymphopenia was observed. Majority of the cases had normal hemoglobin values and normal platelet counts. The characteristic morphological changes were seen in neutrophils and lymphocytes. The neutrophils showed presence of toxic granules, cytoplasmic vacuolations and hypolobation.The morphological alteration in lymphocytes included reactive lymphocytes with plasmacytoid and monocytoid morphology, large granular lymphocytes and Turk cells. Infrequent finding of leukoerythroblastic reaction was also observed in our study.To summarize, hematological investigation of COVID 19 cases may show several abnormal findings. Quantitative findings like Neutrophilia and lymphopenia were characteristic, whereas, the most common morphological alteration observed was atypical lymphocytes. Quantitative and qualitative alterations of hematological parameters are one of the investigations which would aid timely diagnosis of the disease. Toxic granules and cytoplasmic vacuolations in neutrophils may indicate ongoing sepsis in COVID 19 patients which in turn aids in efficient management of the patients to reduce the mortality rate.

Perfluoroundecanoic acid induces DNA damage, reproductive and pathophysiological dysfunctions via oxidative stress in male Swiss mice

Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) is an eleven carbon-chain compound that belongs to the perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid family. It has been detected in the human blood, effluents, and surface/ground waters, but its toxic effects to the DNA and reproductive system remain unclear. This study was aimed at exploring the toxicity of PFUnA on the hepatic DNA, organ-system and reproductive system in orally treated male Swiss mice. In this present study, administration of PFUnA for 28 days with five doses (0.1, 0.3, 05, 0.7 and 1.0 mg kg-1 b.w./d) in male Swiss mice induced significant hepatic DNA damage which was observed using the alkaline comet assay and equally altered hematological and clinical biochemical parameters. In addition to testicular atrophy, sperm count and sperm motility significantly decreased while sperm abnormalities increased after 35 days exposure. Serum LH and FSH levels were remarkably increased while serum testosterone levels were strikingly reduced. Histopathology revealed the liver, kidney, and testis as potential targets of PFUnA toxicity. Increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as levels of glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH), with consistent reduction of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver and testis induced oxidative stress. In conclusion, PFUnA exhibited both genotoxicity and reproductive toxicity via oxidative stress induction.