Alpha Factor Analysis Research Articles

Adaptation and Validation of the Moral Distress Scale-Healthcare Professionals in Latvia

Moral distress occurs when an individual recognizes the ethically appropriate action in a given situation but is prevented from acting on it due to external factors. The MMD-HP represents a major update to the previously revised Moral Distress Scale (MDS-R). This tool was designed and refined to measure the extent of moral distress experienced by healthcare professionals when encountering ethical challenges. The adaptation and validation process was conducted in four phases, employing various psychometric measures to ensure the scale's consistency with the original study. Psychometric indicators used include Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson correlation, and confirmatory factor analysis, among others. The MMD-HP total score ranged from 4 to 207, with a mean score of 95.3 (SD 53.8) for n=12, 79 19 (SD 46.4) for n=48, and 115.7 (SD 75.1) for n=201. The overall Cronbach's alpha in each phase of our study ranged from 0.907 to 0.965 The Chi-square of the scale was 315.49 and χ²/df = 0.9. The CFI was 0.934, TLI 0.913, and NFI was 0.891. The RMSEA was 0.059 and SRMR 0.08. We determined that the Latvian version of the MMD-HP is valid and reliable for assessing moral distress among nurses in Latvia.

Development and validation of a questionnaire (QSPC-Q) for assessment of quality and strengthening of primary care in Brazil.

The performance evaluation of services through instruments is relevant, as it can support thoughts, actions and political approaches to meet a social need. The objective of the article was to develop and validate the Quality and Strengthening of Primary Care Questionnaire (QSPC-Q) for professionals and users based on Starfield attributes and Donabedian pillars. A mixed sequential study was performed to develop the QSPC-Q. The test was applied to 149 doctors and 795 users of basic health units. Psychometric properties was assessed by testing internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha and exploratory factor analysis. Reproducibility od scale was assessed using intraclass cognitive and test-retest correlation. The final version of the follow-up consisted of 45 items aimed at physicians (Cronbach's alpha = 0.921) and 33 at users (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86); the intraclass respiratory capacity was 0.88. An exploratory factor analysis identified 13 factors associated with the pattern components. A short version with 29 items for professionals was also elaborated. Professional QSPC-Q (short and braided versions) and user QSPC-Q were valid.

ChatGPT adoption in entrepreneurship and digital entrepreneurial intention: A moderated mediation model of technostress and digital entrepreneurial self-efficacy

Research background: In the rapidly evolving milieu of digital entrepreneurship, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, exemplified by ChatGPT, has witnessed burgeoning prominence. However, there remains a dearth of understanding regarding the relationships between ChatGPT adoption in entrepreneurship and individuals’ cognitive career processes of digital entrepreneurship. Purpose of the article: The primary aim of the research is to adopt the Social Cognitive Career Theory and a moderated mediation model to unravel the intricate dynamics that characterize the impact of ChatGPT adoption in entrepreneurship and digital entrepreneurial intentions, underlying a moderated mediation mechanism of digital entrepreneurial self-efficacy and technostress. Methods: Drawing on the sample of 1326 respondents in Vietnam using a stratified sampling approach, first, Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the reliability and validity of scales; after that, Harman’s single-factor and common latent factor were employed to test the common method bias; finally, the PROCESS macro approach was utilized to test the hypothesized model. Findings & value added: Our findings reveal positive impacts of ChatGPT adoption in entrepreneurship on digital entrepreneurial self-efficacy and digital entrepreneurial intentions. Moreover, digital entrepreneurial self-efficacy is found to significantly mediate the impact of ChatGPT adoption in entrepreneurship on digital entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, technostress emerges as a significant negative moderator, influencing the impact of ChatGPT adoption in entrepreneurship on both digital entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intentions. This study thus contributes to the literature by advancing our understanding of how AI technologies shape entrepreneurial aspirations, offering valuable insights for scholars and practitioners navigating the transformative landscape of digital entrepreneurship.

Whether ChatGPT adoption inspires higher education students’ digital entrepreneurial intention? An integrated model of the SCCT and the TPB

Purpose This study aims to integrate the Social Cognitive Career Theory with the Theory of Planned Behavior to unravel the intricate dynamics of how engaging with ChatGPT affects individuals’ digital entrepreneurial intention, underlying the serial mediation mechanism of the cognitive and reasoned career process. Design/methodology/approach This research use a cross-sectional design, drawing on a sample of 604 higher education students from six universities in Vietnam. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to test the formulated hypotheses after assessing the reliability and validity of scales through Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. Findings The results indicate that ChatGPT adoption significantly increases perceived AI competencies, entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and digital entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Digital entrepreneurial self-efficacy was found to have a positive impact on attitudes toward digital entrepreneurship, which, in turn, fosters digital entrepreneurial intention. ChatGPT adoption thus poses serial indirect impacts on digital entrepreneurial intention through the sequential pathways of enhanced digital entrepreneurial self-efficacy and positive attitudes. Practical implications This study’s findings provide valuable recommendations for entrepreneurs, higher education institutions and policymakers. Originality/value This research contributes to the entrepreneurship literature by integrating two prominent theoretical frameworks to elucidate how ChatGPT adoption impacts digital entrepreneurial intentions. The serial mediation model expands that understanding of the complex cognitive and reasoned processes involved, providing a novel perspective on the role of AI in entrepreneurship.

통신사 서비스에서의 교차 구매 행동에 대한 고객 충성도 모델 개발

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of information quality(IQ) on customer satisfaction and loyalty within cross-buying contexts in the telecommunications industry. The research uses a survey of 215 participants and a structural equation model to analyze how IQ influences loyalty, employing Cronbach's alpha(CA), correlation, and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) for measurement validity. Results indicate that all indicators, including word of mouth(WOM) and accessibility IQ, show high reliability(CA > 0.7). The model demonstrates that customer satisfaction—mediated by contextual IQ—affects loyalty significantly. This investigation highlights the critical role of IQ in fostering loyalty and satisfaction in Korea's competitive telecom market, emphasizing the need for precise information delivery while avoiding spam. It also points to the necessity of future research on user needs in loyalty building, particularly in scenarios where secondary purchases accompany primary ones.

Cross-cultural Validation of the Health Mindset Scale for Brazil.

Objective To cross-culturally validate the Health Mindset Scale for Brazil, as well as adapt the terms and questionnaires for adequate understanding of Brazilians, using factor analysis as an instrument to validate its reliability. Methods Cross-cultural validation of the Health Mindset Scale into Brazilian Portuguese using the Beaton method, Cronbach's alpha calculation and factor analysis Results The sample consisted of 215 patients aged between 18 and 87 years (M = 41.98; SD = 15.72), with a mean age between 31 and 50 years (42.0%), and female (52 .6%), a marginally significant difference (p < 0.10) between men and women was observed for item 3. In this item, men's mean (M = 5.48; SD = 0.99) was higher than the average for women (M = 5.10; SD = 1.22), with a small effect size for the difference (d = 0.26). Pearson's r correlation coefficient was examined between the mean score and age (r = -0.21; p = 0.002), the result of which indicated a weak, negative and significant linear relationship. The older the age, the lower the average score on the Health Mindset Scale. Conclusion The version of the health-focused mindset scale for Brazilian Portuguese was introduced and cross-culturally validated, demonstrating good reliability with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.786. Consequently, it constitutes a new instrument for clinical practice and can be correlated with established scales in the literature.

Validity of instrument to measure mathematics teachers’ perceptions towards problem-based learning activities

&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Problem-based learning (PBL) is a proposed method for teaching mathematics in primary education in the education 4.0 era. This method enables teachers to conduct effective instruction by allowing students to explore alternative solutions to problems. This study was conducted to develop and validate an instrument for evaluating primary school mathematics teachers’ perceptions of PBL activities. This research is quantitative, and a questionnaire was employed to collect data. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively utilizing Cronbach’s alpha and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). It is determined that Cronbach’s alpha is 0.885, with a factor eigenvalue greater than 1. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value for each construct is 0.50, whereas Bartlett’s test value is statistically significant (&amp;lt;0.5). Each item has a factor loading of 0.50 or higher and a standard deviation of ≥60%. This study’s results indicated that this instrument can be used to investigate primary school mathematics teachers’ perceptions of PBL activities involving group division, generating ideas and learning issues, identifying problems, self-directed learning, synthesis and application, reflection, and assessment.&lt;/span&gt;

DIFFICULTIES IN RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING

Background: Medical students face difficulties during research proposal development. This study aimed to identify proposal writing difficulties among medical students to provide better targeted research education. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science using a self-administered questionnaire, which included 21 items assessing the difficulty of proposal segments. A content validity was done and piloted. Cronbachs alpha and exploratory factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and construct validity of the questionnaire. Results: Two-hundred seventy-six participants responded with a response rate of 55%, 196 of which were males. The most common difficulty was in the statistical analysis section (70%) followed by finding full text articles (49%) then determining sample size (46%). The least common were writing ethical consideration (14%), objectives (17%) and describing study subjects (19%). Difficulty mean was significantly lower among students who have completed their research projects compared to those who have not (mean + SD) 2.91+0.45 vs 3.2 +0.43 with a p-value of &lt; 0.001, respectively. GPA nor gender had an effect on the level of difficulty. Conclusion: Students face difficulties in proposal writing particularly sections related to analysis plan and finding related articles. Further research is needed to support and improve studentsability to write good research proposals.

Exploring the influence of gender diversity and women's empowerment on family entrepreneurship performance: the moderating impact of firm characteristic

PurposeThis paper aims to examine how gender diversity and women’s empowerment influence the performance of family entrepreneurships and explores the role of firm characteristics as a moderating factor.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a structured questionnaire as the survey tool to collect data from 91 women managers working in family entrepreneurships, which originated from entrepreneurial initiatives, located in various Lebanese regions. The validity of the construct was assumed using the fitness of extracted index, incremental fit-index, non-normal fit-index, root mean square of residuals and standard root mean square residual. Composite reliability, Cronbach's alpha and value confirmatory factor analysis were used to measure the internal consistency. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method.FindingsThis study reveals that gender equality, education level and family support significantly affect women's empowerment while an insignificant association was found between empowerment and earning social status and achieving financial independence. This paper also showed a significant interaction between women’s empowerment and the performance of family entrepreneurships. Additionally, the results showed that women holding managerial positions in family entrepreneurships is positively associated with firm performance. Finally, it was concluded that the location of the family firm moderates the relationship between gender diversity and firm performance.Originality/valueThis research contributes to theory and practice regarding the role of women in family entrepreneurships and sheds light on gender differences influencing family entrepreneurships and women empowerment issues.

Influence of Organizational Structure on the Performance of Agencies Constituting the National Council on the Administration of Justice in Kenya

Strategy implementation drivers are elements that shape an organization's strategy and determine important success elements, long-term prosperity, and essential value propositions. The National Council on the Administration of Justice in Kenya comprises state and non-state actors in the administration of justice. They play a role in establishing and maintaining a favorable environment for the economic, social, and political development of the country as envisaged in the Kenya Vision 2030. Despite the existence of strategic plans, government agencies have been criticized for underperformance. Implementation of the strategic plan has been marred with challenges including: clogging up of the Justice system with petty offenses, systemic, structural, and agency challenges, a low rate of successful prosecution of serious offences, and that the justice system is skewed against the poor. This study sought to establish the influence of organizational structure on the performance of agencies constituting the National Council on the Administration of Justice in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to establish the influence of power relations, communication flow, and people interactions on the performance of agencies constituting NCAJ and to assess the moderating role of the regulatory environment on the relationship. The study used a descriptive correlational survey research design and utilized both qualitative and quantitative data. The study's unit of analysis was the 36 institutions that comprise the NCAJ, while the unit of observation was 231 drawn from the top and middle-level managers, with a sample of 164 obtained using the Yamane formula. Primary data were collected using interviews and structured questionnaires administered by trained research assistants. Secondary data were collected from NCAJ reports. A pilot study of 10% of the sample frame was conducted, and those who participated in the pilot study were excluded from the final study. Cronbach's alpha and exploratory factor analysis were used to test the reliability and validity of the data collection instrument. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data with the help of the SPSS tool. Descriptive statistics was presented using measures of central tendency and measure of variability in tables, while inferential statistics was presented using a regression model. The study found that power relations, communication flow, and people interactions have a significant and positive relationship with the performance of agencies constituting the NCAJ. Thus, the study concluded that there is a strong, significant positive relationship between organizational structure (r=.225 and p&lt;0.05) and the performance of agencies constituting the National Council on the Administration of Justice in Kenya. The study also concluded that the Regulatory environment has a moderating influence on the relationship between organizational structure and the performance of agencies constituting the National Council on the Administration of Justice in Kenya (r=.241 and p&lt;0.05). From the findings, the study recommended that NCAJ should maintain a clear line of communication between the various management levels. This will assist firms in increasing productivity, increasing employee loyalty and morale, making operations run more smoothly, and, as a result, increasing customer satisfaction.

Influence of Organizational Resources on Performance of Agencies Constituting the National Council on the Administration of Justice in Kenya

Purpose: Strategy implementation drivers are elements that shape an organization’s strategy and determine important success elements, long-term prosperity, and essential value propositions. The National Council on the Administration of Justice in Kenya comprises of state and non-state actors in the administration of justice. They play a role in establishing and maintaining a favorable environment for the economic, social, and political development of the country as envisaged in Kenya’s Vision 2030. The agencies in the administration of justice have formulated strategic plans but despite the existence of strategic plans, they have been criticized for underperformance with the implementation of the strategic plans being marred with challenges which include; clogging up of the Justice system with petty offenses, systemic, structural and agency challenges, low rate of successful prosecution of serious offenses and justice system being skewed against the poor. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of organizational resources on the performance of the agencies constituting the NCAJ. With a specific objective to establish the influence of tangible, intangible, and human resources on the performance of the agencies constituting NCAJ and to assess the moderating role of the regulatory environment on the relationship.&#x0D; Methodology: The study was anchored on resource-based theory. The study used a descriptive correlational survey research design and utilized both qualitative and quantitative data. The study’s unit of analysis was the 36 institutions that comprise the NCAJ while the unit of observation was 231 drawn from the top and middle-level managers with a sample of 164 obtained using the Yamane formula. Primary data was collected by use of interviews and structured questionnaires administered by trained research assistants. Secondary data was collected from reports of NCAJ. A pilot study of 10% of the sample frame was conducted and those who participated in the pilot study were excluded from the final study. Cronbach’s alpha and exploratory factor analysis were used to test for reliability and validity of the data collection instrument. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data with the help of the SPSS tool. Descriptive statistics was presented by use of measures of central tendency and measure of variability in tables while inferential statistics was presented by use of a regression model.&#x0D; Findings: The study found that tangible resources, intangible resources, and human resources have a significant and positive relationship with the performance of the agencies constituting the NCAJ. Thus, the study concluded that there is a strong significant positive relationship between organizational resources (r=.560 and p&lt;0.05) and the performance of the agencies constituting the NCAJ. The study also found and concluded that Regulatory Environment has a moderating influence on the relationship between organizational resources and the performance of the agencies constituting the NCAJ (r=.241 and p&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: From the findings, the study recommended that NCAJ should enhance their tangible, intangible, and human resources as this will help to increase resource reliance in Organizations. Moreover, it will assist firms in increasing productivity, increasing employee loyalty and morale, and making organizational operations run more smoothly. The study provides empirical evidence for policy formulation in the area of administration of justice, a contribution to the existing literature on the influence of organization resources and organizational performance, and an affirmation of the resource-based theory.

Social cognitive career theory and higher education students’ entrepreneurial intention: The role of perceived educational support and perceived entrepreneurial opportunity

PURPOSE: This study aims to integrate insights from the Socio-Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) and entrepreneurship literature to develop a research framework of how perceived entrepreneurial opportunities (PEO) and perceived educational support (PES) shape the progression of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and entrepreneurial career interests (ECI). Additionally, this study investigates whether ECI mediates the effects of PEO and PES on entrepreneurial intention (EI) and how PEO and PES moderate the effects of ESE and ECI on EI. METHODOLOGY: A sample of 888 university students was recruited from Vietnam. Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analyses were adopted to test the reliability and validity of the scales. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is then used to test formulated hypotheses. FINDINGS: The current study demonstrates that ESE and ECI directly trigger EI. Although PES and PEO did not directly impact EI, their influence on EI was mediated through ESE and ECI. In addition, PEO was found to act as a positive catalyst for the transformation of ESE and ECI into EI. The greater the entrepreneurial opportunities students perceive, the more likely they are to convert ESE and ECI into intentions to become entrepreneurs. IMPLICATIONS: This study makes a significant contribution by emphasizing the relevance of the SCCT framework in understanding entrepreneurship and brings to the forefront the role of PES and PEO in shaping the progression of ESE, ECI and, ultimately, EI. In addition, the findings of this study provide practical implications for nascent entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship educators, and policymakers. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This study is one of the first to investigate the role of PEO and PES in the development of Vietnamese students’ SES, ECI and, ultimately, their intention to engage in entrepreneurship.

Development, Reliability and Validity of the Medication Literacy Scale for Parents of Children with Epilepsy.

This study aimed to develop a medication literacy scale for parents of children with epilepsy (MLSPCE) and to test the reliability and validity of the scale. The pilot scale was formulated based on the concept of medication literacy, the knowledge-attitude-practice model, and relevant literature reviews. It was formed through two rounds of expert consultations using the Delphi method. A survey of 657 parents of children with epilepsy, who were admitted to the neurology department or examined in the neuro-electrophysiological outpatient department of Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, using the pilot scale was conducted from October 2021 to January 2022 to test the reliability and validity of the scale questionnaire. The content validity of the scale questionnaire was assessed by consulting 20 neurology nursing, neurology clinician, and nursing education experts. Numbers, percentages, t-test, correlation analysis, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient and factor analysis were used for data analysis. The MLSPCE included 34 items in four dimensions. Ten factors were drawn from the explorative factor analysis, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 62.32%. The content validity index of each item on the 34-item scale was between 0.81 and 1.0, and the scale-content validity index/ average was 0.97. The correlation coefficient between each item and its dimension was between 0.399 and 0.760, the correlation coefficients between dimensions were between 0.150 and 0.382, and the correlation coefficients between each dimension and the total scale were between 0.390 and 0.845. Differences for all comparisons were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.864, and the split-half reliability of the total scale was 0.923. All the statistical procedures performed in the validity and reliability stages of the study showed that MLSPCE is a valid and reliable tool for measuring medication literacy among Chinese parents of children with epilepsy.

Healthcare Professional’s Perception on Sehat Card Program in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Sehat Card Program (SCP) is popular initiative of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province to improve the patient care and hospitals. In this study, the author intends to explore the perceptions of healthcare professional toward the SCP. For this purpose, a well-organized self-developed was prepare and tested within the field after validating it from the experts and data has been collected through it. Reliability was tested through Cronbach’s Alpha and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) were carried out to extract the important latent constructs of health professionals’ reading different domains of SCP. Chi-square test were used to identify association between healthcare professional’s demographic characteristics and their intentions toward different domains of SCP. Finally, the logistic regression model was used and the author found that health professionals believe that different domains of SCP play a positive role in improving quality of care, service delivery, health support, administration complexities, and resources utilization. The study found that there is significant association present of quality of care, service delivery, support, administrative complexities and resource utilization with the hospitals providing the facility of SCP. Overall, this study results suggest that SCP play a positive role in both providing quality care to patients and in the improvement of hospital. This study provides important practical implications for the government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on enhancing the facility to a large number of hospitals resulting in a positive change in both patient care and hospitals.

Developing a Standardized Questionnaire for Measuring Older Adult's Health and Well-Being in Kenya.

Policy and program interventions for older adults 60 years or older in Africa have consistently been undermined by a lack of vital data as they are usually excluded from nationally representative population surveys. The Health and Wellbeing of Older Persons in Kenya (HWOPs-1) study developed a standardized assessment questionnaire that can be used for periodic data generation. This study presents how the questionnaire was developed and examines its internal consistency and psychometric properties of the health module. The development and validation of the HWOPs-1 questionnaire was a 3-step process. Step 1 was a review of 19 panel studies and 2 national level surveys followed by a wide consultation with key experts and stakeholders on aging. The 3rd step was validation of the questionnaire with a cross-section of a representative sample to test its applicability and adaptability in a mix of rural and semi-urban settings. The internal consistency and psychometric properties of the 3 subscales: functionality, disability, and quality of life were assessed using Cronbach's (α) alpha and exploratory factor analysis, respectively. Three subscales of functionality, disability, and quality of life showed high internal consistency with α = 0.94, 0.97, and 0.87, respectively. There were also consistent factor loadings above 0.3 across all the factors. Gender differences across the 3 scales from the results of t test were observed. Finally, weak but statistically significant correlations between the measures of well-being and risk factors for noncommunicable diseases were also observed from the analyses. The indicators assessed have been used in settings outside Africa to measure health and well-being of older adults are adaptable and reliable enabling comparability across space and across studies. The questionnaire provides a framework for examining disease and disability burden and their determinants among older adults in Kenya or similar settings.

Influence of emotional intelligence attributes on human resource management practices implementation in the Nigerian construction industry

Purpose The workforce upon which the construction industry relies, known as human resources (HRs), faces challenges such as poor management, inadequate implementation of human resource management practices (HRMPs) and psychosocial issues. This study aims to identify and assess the impact of emotional intelligence (EI) attributes on the implementation of HRMPs in the Nigerian construction industry (NCI) to enhance business performance as well as the performance and productivity of HRs. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-methods research design combining qualitative and quantitative approaches was used to gather expert perspectives on specific EI attributes. Data analysis involved the use of interquartile deviation, median, standard deviation, mean, Cronbach’s alpha and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Findings The study identified 12 EI attributes that influenced HRMPs implementation, with 1 attribute having a very high impact (9.00–10.00) and 11 scoring high impact (7.00–8.99). Further analysis using EFA resulted in the identification of two major attribute clusters: “team relationship” and “self-management”. Practical implications These findings have significant implications for construction professionals, HRs and policymakers, as they address the challenges faced by construction stakeholders in terms of physical and mental well-being, which can affect their emotions while carrying out construction activities. Construction organizations should consider incorporating support systems into their policies to influence HRMPs implementation in the workplace. Originality/value The study provides valuable insights for developing nations such as Nigeria regarding the essential EI attributes for successful HRMPs implementation.

Validity of instrument to measure primary school mathematics teachers’ acceptance of m-learning applications

&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Mobile learning (M-learning) is one of the proposed technology-based methods for teaching mathematics in today’s education 4.0 era. This method enables teachers to conduct instruction and learning without being bounded by walls, wires, and the need for specialized physical infrastructure and facilities. This study was conducted to develop and validate an instrument for evaluating primary school mathematics teachers’ acceptance of M-learning applications in problem-solving teaching involving six variables. This research is quantitative and utilizes a questionnaire to collect data. This study involved a total of four experts and 120 participants. Cronbach’s alpha and Exploratory Factor Analysis were used to perform a descriptive analysis of the data. Cronbach’s alpha was determined to be 0.934, with a factor eigenvalue greater than 1. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin value for each construct is 0.50, whereas Bartlett’s test value is statistically significant (&amp;lt;0.5). Each item has a factor loading of 0.50 and a variance of ≥60%. The findings showed that this instrument contains six constructs and nineteen appropriate items. It also indicated that this instrument could be used to investigate perceptions of the primary school mathematics teachers’ acceptance of m-learning applications in problem-solving teaching instruments involving performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, behavioral intention, and usage behavior (attitude).&lt;/span&gt;

Closing the entrepreneurial attitude-intention-behavior gap: the direct and moderating role of entrepreneurship education

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to adopt the theory of planned behavior to close the entrepreneurial attitude–intention–behavior gap in the entrepreneurship field as well as test the key moderators of the entrepreneurial process, starting from entrepreneurial attitude and intention to behavior to engage in entrepreneurial activities – namely, entrepreneurship education.Design/methodology/approachThe research used a sample of 2,566 students from 16 universities in Vietnam. First, Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis have been used to test the reliability and validity of scales. Then the coefficient paths in the conceptual framework were tested through structural equation modeling, and indirect associations were estimated via the PROCESS bootstrapping approach.FindingsThe research illustrated that both attitudes toward entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention serve as the central antecedents in the formation of entrepreneurial behavior. Also, when students are more entrepreneurially educated, the linkage between attitude toward entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial behavior was hypothesized to become stronger, yet the relation between entrepreneurial intention and behavior was weakened.Practical implicationsThis research suggests useful recommendations for educators and policymakers to encourage university students’ favorable attitudes toward entrepreneurial activities, their intention to engage in them and their subsequent entrepreneurial behavior.Originality/valueThis research is expected to make a significant contribution to the entrepreneurship literature by closing the entrepreneurial attitude–intention–behavior gap as well as enriching our understanding of the influence of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial process. Importantly, this research reveals that entrepreneurial education significantly moderates the effects of attitude toward entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention on entrepreneurial behavior.

Psychometric of the Persian Version of Shift Work Disorder Questionnaire in Employee Women

Introduction: Shift work disorder (SWD) is a sleep disorder that affects the circadian rhythm and is characterized by symptoms such as excessive daytime sleepiness and insomnia. This condition can significantly increase the risk of accidents and diminish the overall quality of life for individuals affected by it. Therefore, using the four-question of shift work disorder questionnaire (SWDQ) can be useful for identifying people at risk of SWD. In this research, we evaluated the accuracy and consistency of the Persian adaptation of the SWDQ among female employees.&#x0D; Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional investigation, a sampling available method was employed to select employed women who were referred to Royan Institute, Arash Hospital, and Gynecological Office in Tehran. It was used translated and reverse translation methods for the questionnaire of SWDQ. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 16, Inc. Chicago, IL, USA).The tests used in this study were Cronbach's alpha, internal correlation, and confirmatory factor analysis.&#x0D; Results: In terms of content validity rate (CVR) with an average of 70% (questions 80%, 80%, 60% and 60%, respectively) and content validity index (CVI) with an average of 87.5% (questions 100%, 90%, 80% and 80%, respectively) was acceptable. The internal homogeneity of the SWD questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha was 63.4% and deleting each of the four items of the questionnaire reduced it. Moreover, the range of total correlated changes for the questionnaire was from 0.339 to 0.488, which was more than the minimum of 0.3.&#x0D; Conclusion: Overall, the validity and reliability of the Persian version of SWDQ (the four-item) have acceptable.

Cross-sectional evaluation of an asynchronous multiple mini-interview (MMI) in selection to health professions training programmes with 10 principles for fairness built-in

ObjectivesWe aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the first known online asynchronous multiple mini-interview (MMI) designed for fairness with subgroup analyses by key characteristics, usability and acceptability.DesignCross-discipline multimethod evaluation.SettingOne...