Plant Aloe Research Articles

Bioavailability of Acemanan: An Active Compound Found in Aloe Gel

Acemannan is said to be the biologically active substance in aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis). Many producers of aloe products utilize inadequate production and extraction methods, resulting in aloe products that contain little or no acemannan. This article outlines a systematic procedure for extracting the bioactive polysaccharide compound from the aloe plant. This paper also provides a description of the physical distinctive features of acemannan. The study also emphasized the determination of physical properties, such as the pKa and Log P values, of acemannan. The physical characteristics were used to evaluate the bioavailability and hydrophilicity of this chemical. The primary approach used to acquire these physical characteristics involves the extraction of acemannan from aloe vera, the creation of phosphate buffer with varying pH levels, the separation of acemannan between chloroform and buffer using the shake flask technique, and the utilization of spectrophotometric analysis. Chloroform was used as a representation of the lipid membrane in the experiment, whereas phosphate buffer was utilized to symbolize the blood. A buffer solution was used to maintain a steady pH at a desired value. The acemannan compound had a pKa value of 4.82 at a pH of 3.45, indicating its acidity. Additionally, the Log P value (chloroform/buffer) was determined to be -3.282, indicating its hydrophobicity. Thus, it was deduced that acemannan exhibited hydrophilic properties throughout the gastrointestinal system.

Enzymatic glycosylation of aloesone performed by plant UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases.

Aloesone is a bioactive natural product and biosynthetic precursor of rare glucosides found in rhubarb and some aloe plants including Aloe vera. This study aimed to investigate biocatalytic aloesone glycosylation and more than 400 uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) candidates, including multifunctional and promiscuous enzymes from a variety of plant species were assayed. As a result, 137 selective aloesone UGTs were discovered, including four from the natural producer rhubarb. Rhubarb UGT72B49 was further studied and its catalytic constants (kcat=0.00092±0.00003s-1, KM=30±2.5μM) as well as temperature and pH optima (50°C and pH7, respectively) were determined. We further aimed to find an efficient aloesone glycosylating enzyme with potential application for biocatalytic production of the glucoside. We discovered UGT71C1 from Arabidopsis thaliana as an efficient aloesone UGT showing a 167-fold higher catalytic efficiency compared to that of UGT72B49. Interestingly, sequence analysis of all the 137 newly identified aloesone UGTs showed that they belong to different phylogenetic groups, with the highest representation in groups B, D, E, F and L. Finally, our study indicates that aloesone C-glycosylation is highly specific and rare, since it was not possible to achieve in an efficient manner with any of the 422 UGTs assayed, including multifunctional GTs and 28 known C-UGTs.

Formulation and Evaluation of Soap Containing Extracts of Various Ethnomedicines

The herbal soap’s formulation includes neem leaf; all herbal ingredients are easily obtained from the local herbal market. Use of cosmetics is part of caring for the skin and other body parts due to the damaging effects of modern pollution and UV rays on human health; aloe plants produce a material used in cosmetic goods to treat burns, psoriasis, acne, and other skin disorders; preparation of herbal soap is a medication or therapy with therapeutic benefits for the skin, including antibacterial and antifungal qualities; the raw material used to make soap has a number of properties that make it a good medicinal or cosmetic. The plant used to manufacture soap has properties that can help eliminate acne, soften the skin’s epidermis, increase penetration, and hasten healing and resolution. Natural remedies like aloe vera are used to both prevent and cure a range of skin conditions. The medicinal properties of aloe vera soap include antiseptic, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, and antifungal properties. The aloe vera plant features tubular yellow blossoms, many-seeded fruits, and triangular, fleshy leaves with serrated edges. Each leaf consists of three layers: an inner, transparent gel that contains 99% water and glucomannans, amino acids, lipids, sterols, and vitamins in the remaining 2%. The intermediate layer of latex is composed of a bitter-yellow sap. Neem provides additional medicinal benefits. Studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-ulcer, antimalarial, antifungal, antibacterial, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic properties of neem and its chemical components. Tulsi provides many skin-benefiting qualities, such as beep-clean skin. Turmeric and vitamin C are also used to help tone the skin when treating breakouts. Homegrown cleaning solutions with medicinal or sedative qualities, such as antimicrobial and antifungal qualities, can benefit the skin. The rough material used in the cleanser formulation has multiple prescription drugs or cosmetics attached to it. The plant used in cleanser formulations has the ability to smooth out skin imperfections, enhance skin texture, prevent breakouts, and hasten healing and resolution.

Microcrystalline Cellulose from Aloe Plant Waste as a Platform for Green Materials: Preparation, Chemical Functionalization, and Application in 3D Printing

Microcrystalline Cellulose from Aloe Plant Waste as a Platform for Green Materials: Preparation, Chemical Functionalization, and Application in 3D Printing

Bioinspired ferromagnetic NiFe2O4 nanoparticles: Eradication of fungal and drug-resistant bacterial pathogens and their established biofilm

Nickel ferrite nanoparticles (NiFe2O4 NPs) were synthesized using the medicinally important plant Aloe vera leaf extract, and their structural, morphological, and magnetic properties were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The synthesized NPs were soft ferromagnetic and spinel in nature, with an average particle size of 22.2 nm. To the best of our understanding, this is the first comprehensive investigation into the antibacterial, anticandidal, antibiofilm, and antihyphal properties of NiFe2O4 NPs against C. albicans as well as drug-resistant gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and gram-negative multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-P. aeruginosa) bacteria. NiFe2O4 NPs showed potent antimicrobial activity (MIC 1.6–2 mg/mL) against the test pathogens. NiFe2O4 NPs at 0.5 mg/mL suppressed biofilm formation by 49.5–53.1 % in test pathogens. The study found that the NPs not only prevent the formation of biofilm, but also eliminate existing mature biofilms by 50.5–75.79 % at 0.5 mg/mL, which was further validated by SEM. SEM examination revealed a reduction in the number of cells that form biofilms and adhere to the surface. Additionally, it considerably impeded the colonization and aggregation of the biofilm strains on the glass surface. Light microscopic examination demonstrated that NPs effectively prevent the expansion of hyphae, filaments, and yeast-to-hyphae transformation in C. albicans, resulting in a substantial decrease in their ability to cause infection. Moreover, SEM images of the treated cells exhibited the presence of wrinkles, deformities, and impaired cell walls, which suggests an alteration and instability of the membrane. This study demonstrated the efficacy of the greenly manufactured NPs in suppressing the proliferation of candida, drug-resistant bacteria, and their preexisting biofilms, as well as yeast-to-hyphae transformation. Therefore, these NPs with broad spectrum applications could be utilized in health settings to mitigate biofilm-related health conditions caused by pathogenic microbial strains.

First Report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causing leaf zonate spot disease of Aloe vera L. in China.

In February 2022, leaf zonate spot disease afflicted Aloe vera L. in Yunnan, China, endangering the $39 billion industry with 0.33ha under cultivation (Wan 2015). The disease manifested with watery spots progressing into oval or circular necrosis lesions, characterized by a dark center surrounded by a gray-brown zone. In the late stage of the disease, lesions regress in size and several small dark picnidia dots appeared on the gray-brown zone. The disease incidence ranged from 10% to 15% in three commercial plantations. If left uncontrolled, the disease could diminish the commercial value of Aloe vera plants. Eighteen symptomatic leaf samples underwent morphological and genetic identification. The samples were carefully washed with distilled water and 1×1 cm2 sections of tissue were excised using a sterile scalpel. The sections underwent surface-disinfection with 3% NaOCl for 3 min and 75% ethanol for 30 s. After three sterile water rinses the sections were air-dried. Subsequently, they were transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) before being incubated at 25 ℃ in the dark. Of the 18 samples, eight produced the colonies with similar morphological characteristics, named LH7. Isolate LH7 had downy to woolly aerial mycelia, initially pinkish white on the surface, and gradually turned greenish-olivaceous from the middle, and eventually turned dark brown to black after seven days. The fungus formed arthric chains in the aerial mycelium on PDA but did not produce conidiomata. The conidia, which occurred in arthric chains were 5.50-9.9 × 4.08-7.51 μm (mean 7.09× 5.26 μm, n=50) in size, cylindrical, brown, and 0-1 septate. To ascertain LH7's pathogenicity, three healthy one-year old aloe plants were surface-sanitized with a 1% aqueous chlorine solution, rinsed with sterile water, and dried. Three leaves from each plant were punctuated and inoculated using conidial suspension (100 μl of 1x 106 conidial mL-1), while three control plants were inoculated with sterile distilled water. The pathogenicity tests were repeated twice. The inoculated plants were kept at 25 ℃ with a 12-hour light/12-hour dark cycle. After seven days, symptoms observed in the field appeared in the plants, while no disease occurred in the control plants. After 21 days, conidiomata formed on the inoculated leaves, averaging 116.92 μm (n=20) in diameter. These conidiomata were globose to subglobose, and brown to sub-brown. The fungus was successfully re-isolated from symptomatic tissue and the resulting colonies were morphologically consistent with isolate LH7. Based on the characteristics, the fungus was identified as Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (Philips et al. 2013). The specimen was deposited in China Center for Type Culture Collection ( CCTCC AF 2024001). This identification was confirmed through sequencing of ITS gene region of rDNA using ITS1/ITS4 (Imran et al. 2022). The sequence was submitted into GenBank database (ON878059). BLAST analysis of the LH7's ITS amplicon showed 100% similarity with that of JN093303.1. A phylogenetic tree constructed using the maximum likelihood method revealed that ON878059 was clustered with JN093303.1. Previous studies have documented that pathogens such as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.), Fusarium spp. and Rhizopus oryzae can also cause diseases in A. vera in China (Zhou et al. 2008; Ding et al. 2015). Additinonally, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Pseudopestalotiopsis theae, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae have been identified as causal agents of aloe leaf spot diseases in India, Bangladesh and Malaysia (Avasthi et al. 2016; Ahmmed et al. 2022; Khoo et al. 2022). To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. dimidiatum causing leaf necrosis of aloe in China. Vigilant surveillance and disease control measures are imperative to mitigate potential losses in this region.

Effects of Biofertilizers in Improving the Growth and Development of the Traditional Medicinal Plant Aloe vera L. (Aloe barbadensis Miller)

Abstract: Aloe vera L. (Aloe barbadensis Miller) is a very common water deficit-resistant plant which has immense medicinal properties. It is a fleshy plant belonging to the Liliaceae family. Aloe barbadensis has enormous medicinal value. According to historical records, it has been used in folk and traditional medicine in different parts and regions of the world for ages. Aloe vera is widely used in Ayurvedacharya and Unani medicine. The plant is a rich source of potent medicinal phytocomponents, each with pronounced medicinal properties. Primarily, Aloe gel is considered one of Mother Nature’s magical formulations for treating and curing various health ailments, including skin diseases, hair fall, indigestion, inflammation, and many others. Studies revealed that the use of biofertilizers significantly improves the growth and development of the Aloe plant. The quality and quantity of the constituents of Aloe vera gel are also reported to improve significantly with the use of biofertilizers. Biofertilizers, when used alone or in combination, are reported to influence the length, width, biomass, and phytoconstituents of the leaves of the plant. Biofertilizers, which are environment friendly and more effective on Aloe, can thus be considered a better substitute for other fertilizers for boosting the qualitative and quantitative yield of the magical medicinal plant, Aloe barbadensis.

Determination of compounds with laxative action in aloe latex and aloe vera‐based products—Chemometric classification of aloe vera plants (Aloe barbadensis Miller) under different conditions

AbstractBackgroundThe bioactive compounds of latex in aloe vera are associated with several of its medicinal properties. Aloe emodin, aloins A and B, which are present in aloe latex, are known for their laxative action.ResultsThe developed HPLC method for the determination of compounds with purgative effect was performed with a C18 column, and the total analysis time was 22 min. Each leaf from the plants was studied separately for its content in aloins. It was observed that, in contrast with field cultivation plants, the concentrations of aloins in potted plants follow a specific pattern based on the position of the leaves. It was also observed that climatic and environmental conditions have a significant impact on the concentrations of aloins. Principal Component Analysis was performed to evaluate correlations among measurements. The model was able to separate the aloe plants based on their seasonal variation and growing conditions. Finally, it was observed that, in only two out of thirteen products, aloins were present, with the total content exceeding the maximum levels set by EU legislation.ConclusionThe present work provides useful information for the aloins variation among leaves in different positions and plants under various conditions.

Zinc Solubilizing Rhizobacteria and Fungi: The Potent Contributors to Plant Growth Promotion and Enhancement of Zinc Content in Aloe Gel

Background: Zinc solubilizing bacteria and fungi are possible alternatives for zinc supplementation and translate inorganic form of zinc to available forms for the plants. Methods: Two phosphates solubilising bacterial (ABB1, ABB2) and fungal (FSD1, FSD2) strains were initially isolated from the rhizospheric soil of the plant and were tested for their plant growth promoting ability and zinc solubilizing capability. Aloe barbadensis Mill. plants were inoculated with the microbial strains to assess their effects on plant growth and to quantify the zinc content in leaves using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Result: In our experiment, zinc content in the leaves of ZnO+ABB1+FSD2 set was found highest than ZnO treated set. Thus, present study plausibly designates the ability of the Aloe plants for solubilizing zinc only in presence of the rhizospheric microorganisms which indicates the potential of these microbial strains to use as biofertilizers in more sustainable way.

Aloin Attenuates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and CCl4-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice: Possible Role of TGF-β/Smad Signaling.

Liver fibrosis refers to the excessive buildup of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in liver tissue. It is considered a pathological response to liver damage for which there is no effective treatment. Aloin, an anthraquinone compound isolated from the aloe plant, has shown good pharmacological effects in the treatment of gastric cancer, ulcerative colitis, myocardial hypertrophy, traumatic brain injury, and other diseases; however, its specific impact on liver fibrosis remains unclear. To address this gap, we conducted a study to explore the mechanisms underlying the potential antifibrotic effect of aloin. We constructed a mouse liver fibrosis model using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) dissolved in olive oil as a modeling drug. Additionally, a cellular model was developed by using transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) as a stimulus applied to hepatic stellate cells. After aloin intervention, serum alanine aminotransferase, hepatic hydroxyproline, and serum aspartate aminotransferase were reduced in mice after aloin intervention compared to CCl4-mediated liver injury without aloin intervention. Aloin relieved the oxidative stress caused by CCl4 via reducing hepatic malondialdehyde in liver tissue and increasing the level of superoxide dismutase. Aloin treatment decreased interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α and increased the expression of IL-10, which inhibited the inflammatory response in liver injury. In addition, aloin inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells and reduced the level of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type I. In cell and animal experiments, aloin attenuated liver fibrosis, acting through the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway, and mitigated CCl4- and TGF-β1-induced inflammation. Thus, the findings of this study provided theoretical data support and a new possible treatment strategy for liver fibrosis.

Ethanolic extract of <em>Aloe arborescens</em> stimulates neonatal rat calvarial cells proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation

The medicinal plant Aloe arborescens Miller has chemical compounds that could stimulate the activity of bone-forming cells, but no studies have been found in this regard. We evaluated the effects of different dilutions of aqueous (1/10; 1/100; 1/1000) or ethanolic (1/1000; 1/2000; 1/5000) extracts of parenchyma from A. arborescens on the viability, proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of primary cell cultures from neonatal rat calvaria. In none of the conditions studied did cell viability decrease (p ≤ 0.01). Furthermore, the 1/5000 ethanolic extract dilution showed a positive effect on cell viability at 48 h and 72 h and the latter was correlated with a 27 % (p ≤ 0.01) increase in cell proliferation. Ethanolic extract significantly stimulated cell migration and cultured mineralization with respect to control, showing the maximal effect at a dilution 1/5000. Together, the results show that the A. arborescens extracts do not have toxic effects. In addition, ethanolic extract stimulates proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of rat calvarial cells, suggesting a potential bone anabolic action.

Aloe (Aloe vera) cultivation technology and medicinal properties

In this article, the medicinal properties of the aloe plant, its importance in folk medicine and economy, and its chemical composition are explained

Biochar enhances root development and aloin content of mature leaves in containerized Aloe arborescens Mill.

The leaves of the medicinal plant Aloe arborescens Mill. (Asphodelaceae) contain significant amounts of bioactive metabolites, including aloin (a mixture of the two diastereoisomers, aloin A and aloin B), aloesin, isoaloeresin D, and aloenin A. The presence of these metabolites varies considerably depending on the plant's growth conditions, including the used growing substrate. In recent years, there has been growing interest in using biochar for potted plants cultivation. However, there is currently no available information regarding the suitability of biochar for the containerized cultivation of A. arborescens. A pot experiment was conducted with the hypothesis that biochar could influence the growth and phytochemistry of A. arborescens. The growing medium was supplied with increasing proportions of biochar (1: 100 % commercial substrate; 2: mixed 50 % (v/v) substrate; 3: 100 % conifers wood biochar). Over the course of three years, the plants were closely monitored, and several key growth parameters were measured, including plant height, stem diameter, number and weight of leaves, and the number of suckers. After the first year, the content of selected active metabolites was assessed. This evaluation also involved a comparison of the respective levels in the leaves taken from the apical, median, and basal sections of the stem. The leaves collected from the median section of plants were found to be larger and exhibited the highest percentage of spikes, epidermis, and gel on fresh weight. As a general trend, it was observed that in plants cultivated within the highest amount of biochar, the leaves collected from the intermediate stem portion contained the highest quantity of secondary metabolites.

A Brief Scientific Review on Aloe Vera

This plant has been traditionally used through the centuries; for both internal ingestion as well as for topical purposes. Historically, the aloe plant has enjoyed wide use for its enhancement of normal gastrointestinal functioning.

PESTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF ALOE SECUNDIFLORA,NICOTIANA TABACUM AND TEPROSIA VOGELII AGAINST FALL ARMYWORM (SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA)

The fall armyworm (FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a recent invasive pest species that has successfully established across sub-Saharan Africa. Management of FAW in its native range in the Americas has led to the development of resistance to many commercial pesticides before its arrival in Africa. Synthetic pesticides are often associated with issues such as pest resistance, persistent residue, non-target toxicity, and environmental issues. Therefore, the research and development of novel, safe, and effective pesticides has become a focus in pesticide discovery. Pesticide use may therefore be ineffective for FAW control in Africa, so new and more sustainable approaches to pest management are required that can help reduce the impact of FAW pest. Pesticidal plants provide an effective and established approach to pest management in African smallholder farming and recent research has shown that their use can be cost-beneficial and sustainable. In this study, crude leave extracts of three plants aloe secundiflora, nicotiana tabacum and teprosia vogelii were evaluated against fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda). Two different concentrations, 30mg/L and 15mg/L were evaluated in this study against second instar FAW larvae and eggs. The results indicated that these leave extracts caused a larval and egg mortalities of different levels. On average leave extracts of aloe secundiflora, teprosia vogelii and nicotiana tabacum caused larval mortalities of 80%, 63.33% and 93.33% respectively for 30mg/L concentrations while the average larval mortalities for aloe secundiflora, teprosia vogelii and nicotiana tabacum were 26.67%, 33.33% and 80.0% respectively for the 15mg/L concentrations. The egg mortalities were relatively low compared to larval mortalities for the two concentrations used in this study. On average the leave extracts of aloe secundiflora, teprosia vogelii and nicotiana tabacum caused the egg mortalities of 16.67%, 13.33% and 43.33% respectively when 30mg/L were used while the average egg mortalities for aloe secundiflora, teprosia vogelii and nicotiana tabacum were 3.33%, 0.0% and 26.67% respectively for the 15mg/L concentrations. It follows that nicotiana tabacum showed high larval and egg mortalities for both concentrations compared to the other two leave extracts and therefore good pesticide for the control FAW larvae and eggs.

Applications of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) and Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (VAM) Fungi on Aloe barbadensis Mill., a Medicinally Important Succulent Herb

Background: Application of biofertilizers is an appropriate replacement of harmful chemical fertilizers to fulfil the rising demands of herbal medicine. The main objective of this study was to establish a potent biofertilizer with the help of microbial consortia and observe their effects on the primary growth of Aloe barbadensis Mill. Methods: Rhizospheric soil of the plant Aloe barbadensis Mill. was taken and isolation, characterization and identification of the vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi, rhizospheric bacteria and the VAM fungal spore associated bacteria was done. To check the microbial effects on morphological parameters of the plant, a total number of eight experimental sets were prepared by using different microbial strains. Result: In our experiment, VAM+ABM1 treated plant set showed the significant responses in plant primary growth which can be used as a potent biofertilizer in more sustainable way.

A Wonder Plant Aloe vera L. (Liliaceae): An Overview of its Folk Traditional Uses, Phytoconstituents, Biological Activities, and Cosmaceutical Applications

Aloe vera L. (Lililaceae) bears various medicinal applications that likely date back more than a thousand years ago. The current review provides an overview of the folk traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, and cosmaceutical applications of the A. vera plant to date. The data have been retrieved from different scientific databases, including PubMed-Medline, Researchgate, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, SciELO, Taylor & Francis, Web of Science, books, conference papers, Masters and Ph.D. dissertations. As per the collected data of this review, almost 40 active phytoconstituents in A. vera have been reported so far with varying concentrations. Ethnobotanical data displayed that A. vera is still used as traditional medicine among communities against more than 20 different health-related problems. The DPPH, FRAP, TAC, and ABTS assays were commonly employed where A. vera extracts showed varying antioxidant activities against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Data on the biological activities showed A. vera plant extracts with remarkable anti-inflammatory activities through the inhibition of TNF-α and prostaglandin E2 factors and also exerts anti-diabetic activity against type 1 and type 2 diabetes. As per the collected data of this review, A. vera extracts have been reported with anti-microbial activities against more than 12 bacterial and 7 fungal strains and also obstruct the uncontrollable proliferation of specific types of cancer cells like HCT-116, HepG2, HeLa, A549, and MCF-7. Conclusively, A. vera possesses wide-ranging applications in the treatment of various diseases. However, more controlled investigations and clinical trials with the elucidation of the mechanism of action activities are prerequisites in the future to substantiate the outcomes and efficacies of A. vera under different circumstances. Any toxic effects of A. vera if associated with specific extracts or compounds should be addressed for safer consumption of Aloe-based food and cosmetic products.

THE USE OF THE ALOE PLANT FOR MEDICINAL PURPOSES IN THE TREATMENT OF VARIOUS DISEASES

Aloe is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the lily family and used for many medicinal purposes. The plants of the aloe family, widespread in the old world, are widely known and have been used in the health, cosmetic field as a natural component, local and oral therapeutics for centuries due to their healing and Skin Care Properties. Among the most commonly used types of aloe are A. arborescens, A. barbadensis, A. ferox and A. vera refers to. Today, the use of aloe extracts is economically important, they belong to medicinal plants and are widely used in primary health care, where they play a key role in the treatment of various types of diseases by modulating biochemical and molecular pathways, and they are also a rich source of valuable substances. Due to its antiinflammatory, antimicrobial and wound healing properties, aloe has traditionally been used to treat skin lesions (burns, cuts, insect bites and eczema) and digestive problems, the use of which is used as a basic or complementary treatment, among other methods. This medicinal plant is traditionally used and the effect is indicated by the presence of active compounds in the composition. In this review, the latest achievements of Botany, phytochemical composition, ethnobotanical use, food preservation and medicinal use of aloe plants in the treatment of various diseases will be shown. These data will be useful for determining future areas of industrial and medical use of aloe plants.

The effect of salt stress on the growth and development of three Aloe species in eastern Morocco

The salinity stress is an abiotic factor that limits the growth of agricultural crops. Salinity affects over 800 million hectares of worldwide land. Aloe species are xerophytes, perennial plants with succulent leaves that have a crassulaceous acid metabolism also known as CAM photosynthesis, which allows these plants to conserve water during dry periods. These species have long been known for their cosmetic and medicinal properties. The effect of salinity stress on the growth and development of three Aloe plants (Aloe vera, Aloe brevifolia, and Aloe arborescens) was investigated in this study. Aloe plants were watered for four months at four different NaCl stress (0 mM, 51 mM, 103 mM, and 155 mM). Physiologically, no significant differences were recorded in chlorophyll content nor quantitative of salt stress whereas relative water content did. Morphologically, the NaCl concentration up to a level of 51 mM on the number and thickness of leaves was not significant. However, the overall biochemical parameters (proline, sugars, and polyphenols contents) were significantly increased due to the salinity stress. The salinity tolerance is highly seen in the conservation of good water state in these species. Furthermore, Aloe brevifolia is the most salinity tolerant species compared to the other two species studied, Aloe vera and Aloe arborescens.

STUDY OF THE FEASIBILITY OF DEVELOPING A DRESSING USING POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE, ETHANOL, AND ALOE VERA BY ELECTROSPINNING

The work aimed to develop a dressing for wound treatment using the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone, ethanol, and crushed leaves of the medicinal plant Aloe vera, produced by the electrospinning method. Six samples were produced and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The percentage distribution of fiber diameters was analyzed, and it was observed that increasing the mass of Aloe vera leaves in the solution tends to favor this distribution and increase the fiber diameter. The infrared spectra indicated the presence of the alcohol function, a six-atom ring of the vinyl group, and vinyl ethers. It was found that the addition of Aloe vera may lead to the exclusion of the alkene function in the samples. There was a similarity in the infrared line shapes for all the samples.