Allyl Polyoxyethylene Ether Research Articles

Surface modification of talc powder by silane functionalized polycarboxylates and its effect on the performance of polyvinyl chloride composite

AbstractIn this work, modified polycarboxylates were prepared by copolymerizing γ‐Methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane (KH‐570) with acrylic acid and allyl polyoxyethylene ether. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) indicate that silane copolymerized polycarboxylates have been successfully synthesized. The talc powder (TP) modified with synthesized polycarboxylate and modified polycarboxylates was blended with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to prepare composite films. FTIR and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to determine changes in the surface properties of unmodified and modified TP. The effects of TP and polycarboxylate‐modified TP on the tensile properties, light transmission and moisture transmission of the PVC composite films were investigated. Compared with untreated TP filled PVC film, the PVC composite films filled with organosilicon polycarboxylate‐modified TP exhibit enhanced tensile strength, light transmittance, barrier, and other properties. Especially, the tensile strength of PVC composite film filled with 7 wt% Si0.5‐PCE modified TP is increased by 19.5% and the elongation at break is increased by 21.6%. In addition, the moisture permeability of the composite film is reduced by a maximum of 80.6% compared with the pure PVC film.

Enhancement of interaction between Shenhua coal and GON-based dispersant with “surface-to-surface” adsorption by regulating the oxidation degree of GON: Experiments and simulations

The present study focuses on the synthesis of several graphene oxide nanosheet (GON)-based dispersants with an adsorption mode of “surface-to-surface” for the preparation of Shenhua coal (SC) water slurry (SCWS), achieved by grafting allyl polyoxyethylene ether (APEG) onto GON edges with varying degrees of oxidation using emulsion polymerization and esterification techniques. The impacts of the oxidation degree of GON on its structural characteristics and the performance of GON-based dispersants in SCWS were comprehensively assessed through a range of experimental techniques, alongside molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Results demonstrated that with the increase in oxidation degree, there was an elevation of oxygen-containing groups, in which the content of COH decreased while the content of COC increased. Among all dispersants, GA-2, which was synthesized using GON-2 as the raw material with a graphite-to-KMnO4 mass ratio of 1:2.5, exhibited superior viscosity-reducing and stabilizing abilities compared to other dispersants. All SCWSs demonstrated pseudoplastic fluid behavior and showed good agreement with the Herschel-Bulkley model. After the adsorption of dispersants in SC, both the Zeta potential and surface wettability of SC significantly improved, especially with GA-2. The interaction mechanism between the dispersant and SC was analyzed by establishing and employing three adsorption models (M-1, M-2, and M-3). The interfacial adsorption structure confirmed that the dispersant exhibited “surface-to-surface” mode on coal through hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and π–π interaction. Energy studies revealed that M-2 with the highest Eads (−105.31 kcal/mol) demonstrated superior adsorption strength compared to M-1 and M-3. Investigations into water molecule mobility revealed that the interaction between the GON-based dispersant and SC resulted in a reduction of water molecule mobility, thereby promoting water molecule aggregation to facilitate the formation of hydration films and enhance SCWS stability. In summary, an optimal oxidation degree of GON was found to be crucial for enhancing the performance of GON-based dispersants; higher oxidation levels may hinder dispersant adsorption on coal surfaces by converting hydroxyl and carboxyl groups into epoxide groups, thus impairing the conjugated structure.

Experimental and theoretical insight into the use of maleic anhydride copolymer and modified sulfamic acid for removing oilfield blockage

In the process of oil production, the problem of oilfield production decline due to blockage is becoming more and more serious. To improve the exploitation efficiency of traditional fuel, it is very important to remove the blockage and inhibit the formation of the blockage. In this study, the primary constituents of the blockages in this oilfield were identified as asphaltene (organic blockage) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3, inorganic blockage). To address these blockages, maleic anhydride copolymer (MAC-1, MAC-2, and MAC-3) with different chain lengths were polymerized by maleic anhydride and allyl polyoxyethylene ether, which were used to disperse organic blockages. Additionally, modified sulfamic acid (MSA-1, MSA-2, and MSA-3) with different chain lengths were synthesized by sulfamic acid, polyethylene glycol, and lauroyl chloride, which were used to dissolve inorganic blockages. The efficacy of these agents in terms of blockage removal, scale inhibition capability, corrosion rate, and compatibility with formation water were comprehensively evaluated. Results showed that MAC-2, which possesses a moderate chain length, and MSA-1, which has a shorter chain length, demonstrated an optimal synergistic effect on blockage dissolution at concentrations of 4 wt% for MAC-2 and 5 wt% for MSA-1. The dissolution rate of this combination was 81.18 %, with a scale inhibition rate of 95.7 %. The corrosion rate increased with temperature, and the agents maintained good compatibility with the formation water. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the effectiveness of MAC, the interaction between MAC and asphaltene was simulated by molecular dynamics (MD). These simulations indicated that MAC-2 and asphaltene exhibit the highest interaction energy (-64.2618 kcal/mol). Furthermore, we investigated the dissolution kinetics of CaCO3 in MSA solutions and determined that the reaction between MSA and CaCO3 was first-order, with a reaction rate constant of 1.6 × 10−2 min−1. The insights gained from this study offer a valuable experimental and theoretical foundation for enhancing productivity in similar oilfields.

High‐temperature resistant copolymer oil well cement retarder: Synthesis, assessment of performance, and mechanism of retardation

AbstractThis work used aqueous solution free radical polymerization to create polymers of 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid, itaconic acid, and allyl polyoxyethylene ether as a high‐temperature resistant retarder (APMS/IA/APEG, from now on referred to as AIA). Gel permeation chromatography, fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), and thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TG) were used to characterize their molecular structure and characteristics. Tests were conducted on the thickening time, rheological characteristics, and compressive strength of AIA in cement slurries. The cement slurry thickened for 276 min at 180°C during the test, and the cement stone's 24‐h compressive strength was consistently more than 20 MPa. The hydration products were analyzed using x‐ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy methods, which were then coupled with molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the AIA retarding mechanism. When AIA is added to a cement slurry, it forms a chelate structure with Ca2+ and a strong adsorption layer on the surfaces of the cement particles. This stops the cement from hydrating. The AIA side chain, APEG, can wrap the active group in AIA at low temperatures. AIA exposes more adsorption groups because of the APEG chains stretching at higher temperatures. AIA can, therefore, be used for deep well operations at high temperatures.

Grafted copolymers based on HPMC with excellent thermo-viscosifying and salt-tolerant properties at low concentration for enhanced oil recovery

The conventional acrylamide-based polymers are greatly restricted under the reservoir conditions of high temperature and high salt due to their linear molecular structures. In this article, a grafted water-soluble copolymer based on hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) with excellent thermal viscosifying and salt-tolerant properties at low concentration was prepared via the “graft from” method, with acrylamide (AM) and methyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether (HPEG) as grafted monomers. The structure of the copolymer was identified by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The basic displacement properties of the copolymers under extreme conditions were systematically studied. The results showed that due to the symbiotic effects of the rigid heterocyclic structure of HPMC and the hydrophobic inter-molecular aggregation of thermosensitive HPEG units in the copolymer chain, the copolymer exhibited better thermal thickening ability (the viscosity enhancements changes from 7.1 to 19.9 times from 25 °C to 95 °C in brine solution with total salinity 9350.08 mg.L−1), salt resistance (the viscosity enhancements changes from 1.13 to 2.29 times with salts concentration from 0.0 wt% to 2.0 wt% at 85 °C), shear tolerance (the viscosity retention rate was from 18.6% to 24.2% at 1000s−1) and anti-aging properties (the viscosity retention rate up to 73.7% at 65 °C for three weeks) than polyacrylamide at low concentration (0.2 wt%). Furthermore, the polymer flooding test showed that the copolymer yielded a higher recovery rate of 23.2% higher than that yielded by polyacrylamide (14.5%), elucidating that the copolymer synthesized herein was suitable for enhanced oil recovery in reservoirs with severe conditions.

Design and evaluation of a novel dispersant with “surface-to-surface” adsorption function for preparing low-rank coal water slurry

It is important to improve the performance of low-rank coal water slurry (CWS) for the development of coal gasification. In this study, to prepare high-quality Shenhua coal water slurry, a novel GON-APEG dispersant with “surface-to-surface” adsorption function was designed and synthesized by grafting the allyl polyoxyethylene ether (APEG) onto the edge of graphite oxide nanosheet (GON) through esterification and emulsion polymerization. The influences of GON-APEG on the properties of CWS, the adsorption isotherm of GON-APEG, and the surface properties of coal were studied, and compared with GON, sodium lignosulphonate (SL), and polycarboxylate (PC) dispersants. The GON-APEG was superior to other dispersants in viscosity-reducing and stabilizing ability. Under the optimum dosage of 0.3 wt%, the maximum coal content of CWS with GON-APEG was 64.5 wt%. All the CWSs with different dispersants belonged to typical yield pseudoplastic fluid. Meanwhile, the adsorption isotherms of four dispersants had a good correlation with the Langmuir model, and the saturated adsorption capacity of GON-APEG was greater than SL and PC dispersants. The GON-APEG decreased the contact angle of water on the coal surface and increased the absolute value of Zeta potential of coal to the greatest extent. The excellent performance of GON-APEG in CWS was due to its strong interaction with coal derived from “surface-to-surface” adsorption mode, which was beneficial to regulate the surface properties of coal. In sum, this study provides a new idea for improving the properties of Shenhua coal water slurry and developing the efficient dispersants in other fields.

Unveil self-plasticized polyvinyl alcohol derived customizable patterned photosensitive resin films

Since the invention of movable type in ancient times, relief printing, often called flexographic printing, has been performed to mass-produce artifacts ranging from decorative graphics to printed media. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) substrates are soluble in water with low toxicity but have the disadvantages of poor elasticity and brittleness. Thus, this study aims to improve the resilience of water-developable photopolymer resin plates by modifying PVA with allyl polyoxyethylene ether (APEG) in solution polymerization. In order to better control polymerization, the reactivity ratios of both were investigated (rVAC = 0.32 and rAPEG = 0.12). Impressively, the lowest glass transition temperature (Tg) of the modified PVA (m-PVA) can reach −49.98 °C, which is significantly lower than that of PVA0599 (degree of polymerization = 500, degree of hydrolysis = 99 mol%) (Tg = 52.02 °C). Moreover, this resultant m-PVA exhibits superior elongation at break (443.23 ± 37.65 %) than PVA0599 (9.98 ± 3.95 %). It is found that photopolymer plates of m-PVA have maintained a 98 % elasticity recovery rate even after water washing. Due to the better elasticity of m-PVA, the clarity of the photopolymer plate is higher than that of traditional PVA. This water-soluble self-plasticized m-PVA is expected to be applied to the fine flexographic printing industry, such as electronic devices, components, and sensors.

Synthesis and gelation properties of HPMC-g-poly(AM/AA/APEG2400) quaternary copolymer

To improve the stability of the polymers applied to profile control in high-temperature and high-salinity reservoirs, a water-soluble graft-copolymer HPMC-g-poly(AM/AA/APEG2400) was synthesized from hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), and allyl polyoxyethylene ether (APEG2400) via free-radical copolymerization using potassium persulfate (KPS) as the initiator. The molecular weight (Mw) of HPMC-g-poly(AM/AA/APEG2400) was controlled by the addition of the chain-transfer agent, sodium formate (SF), to the polymerization medium and was measured by capillary viscometry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to characterize the graft-copolymer. The rheological properties of the graft-copolymer were investigated at different salinities and temperatures. The graft-copolymer solution showed better salt resistance, temperature tolerance, and long-term thermal stability than partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM). In addition, hydrogels were prepared using the graft-copolymer with varying Mw (346 × 104–1319 × 104), a crosslinker (hexamethylenetetramine–resorcinol, (HMTA–RC)), and additives (citric acid, (CA), and ammonium phosphate monobasic, (MAP)), and the hydrogels exhibited adequate strength and tunable gelation time. The hydrogels prepared using the graft-copolymer with high Mw possessed excellent long-term stabilities with negligible syneresis at 45 °C after 130 d, for the same conditions, the syneresis of conventional hydrogels prepared by HPAM reached approximately 90%.

Comparative study of PCE superplasticizers with different anchoring groups in low water-to-binder ratio cementitious material

Polycarboxylate ether (PCE) superplasticizers with three different anchoring groups were synthesized by copolymerizing allyl polyoxyethylene ether with trans-butadiene (FA), cis-butenedioic anhydride (MAH), and itaconic acid (IA), respectively. The interactions between PCEs and cementitious materials were revealed by adsorption properties, Ca2+ binding capacity of PCE, and zeta-potential of paste. The effects of anchoring groups in PCEs on the flowability and rheological properties of cementitious pastes were studied. Results indicated that the density and local configuration of –COO– groups in PCEs significantly affect their adsorption behavior and dispersibility in cementitious pastes. Most of the –COO– groups are isolated on the backbone of FA-PCE, while for the MAH-PCE, only pairs of –COO– groups present the backbone. All the –COO– groups directly connect to the main chains in FA- and MAH- PCEs, whereas half of the –COO– groups in IA-PCE indirectly connect to the main chains through hydrophobic methylene, which has a potential to curl and reduce its “accessible” –COO– groups. FA-PCE with a large specific charge density exhibit excellent flowability and rheological properties in cementitious pastes.

Dispersion Performance of Polycarboxylate Terpolymers with Different Alkyl Side-Chain Lengths in Pesticide Suspension Concentrate

A versatile dispersant plays a critical role in the suspension stability of pesticide suspension concentrate (SC) systems. Herein, a series of novel acrylate ester-based polycarboxylate terpolymers (PTs) were designed as dispersant for pesticide suspension concentrate and successfully synthesized in aqueous solutions from the copolymerization of α-methacrylic acid, allyl polyoxyethylene ether, and acrylate (methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and n-butyl acrylate). Terpolymers were characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR to confirm their structure. The surface activities of PTs were evaluated according to critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the surface tension at CMC (γCMC). PT-3 with the longest alkyl side-chain length displayed the most superior surface activity due to its lowest CMC value compared with that of the other PTs. Additionally, the dispersion properties of PTs as dispersants in a 600 g/L imidacloprid SC were evaluated. Results showed that compared to the other two PTs, PT-3 contributes to the excellent dispersion properties on imidacloprid SC. Meanwhile, the obtained SC system exhibited shear thinning behavior under high-speed shearing showing typical features of pseudo-plastic non-Newtonian fluids, which conforms to the Herschel–Buckley model. Our results revealed that the effect of the alkyl side-chain length of dispersants could be considered the primary modulator of dispersion performance of SCs.

A new approach to prepare Polyethylene Glycol Allyl Glycidyl Ether

The polyethylene glycol allyl glycidyl ether (PGAGE) is an important intermediate for preparing silicone softener that can be synthesized from allyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and epichlorohydrin (ECH). The performance parameters including the concentration of ECH, initial boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) as well as CaCl2 quality were investigated respectively. The optimum process parameters which can get high capping and low by-product rate are as follows: the ECH concentration is 2.0 M, the initial BFEE concentration is 1.65mM, and the CaCl2 dosage is 1.65g/L. Under these conditions, the maximal yield can be improved to 91.36%, the percent of capping rate is higher than 98.16%, the residual concentration of F-is only 0.63 mg/L.

Effects of polycarboxylate superplasticizer-modified graphene oxide on hydration characteristics and mechanical behavior of cement

Graphene oxide (GO) has received great attention as a nanosized reinforcing agent in cement-based materials. However, GO easily aggregates in an alkaline cement matrix and suffers from poor dispersibility, which reduces the beneficial effect on the final properties of cement composites. In this study, GO-polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer (GPC) was synthesized by free-radical copolymerization of GO with methyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether (TPEG), sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) and acrylic acid (AA). The chemical structure of the GPC was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). To understand the influence of GO on the cement hydration process, we analyzed hydration heat, phase composition, and TG/DSC behavior. The pore structure and micromorphology of the cement composites were investigated by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the GO layer spacing increased after copolymerization, and the GO surface was covalently grafted with PC macromolecules. The addition of GPC to cement yields uniform dispersion of GO and reduces the adverse effects of GO on the fluidity of the cement slurry. GPC can accelerate cement hydration, promote crystallization of calcium hydroxide (CH) in the cement slurry, refine grain size, and enhance mechanical properties of the cement-based materials.

Influence of “tentacle structure” on the properties of jellyfish-like 3D dispersants based on tannic acid for preparing high-concentrated coal–water slurry

Three kinds of jellyfish-like three-dimensional dispersants with different “tentacle structures” were designed and synthesized via polymerization reaction of tannic acid (TA) with starch, allyl polyoxyethylene ether 1200 (APEG1200), and acrylic acid (AA), respectively. These dispersants were employed for preparing high-concentrated coal–water slurry (CWS). Their structures and surfactivity were characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR and surface tension. The effects of the TA-based dispersants on the performance of CWS were fundamentally investigated. The TA-based dispersant with starch as the “tentacle structure” (TA-St) exhibited the better viscosity-reducing and stabilizing capability for CWS than those with APEG1200 (TA-APEG) or AA (TAA). The apparent viscosity reduced to 317 mPa·s at 0.5 wt% TA-St, and the maximum coal content exceeded 71 wt%. Rheological experiments showed that the CWS prepared with the three TA-based dispersants behaved as pseudoplastic fluids, and the CWS with TA-St presented the smallest yield stress. After 3.5 days of storage, the separated water ratio of CWS with TA-St reached 4.15 wt%. Meanwhile, the TA-St dispersant showed a better effect in increasing the adsorption capacity and adsorption film thickness, wettability, and absolute value of zeta potential of the coal surface compared with TAA and TA-APEG. The saturated adsorption quantity of TA-St on the coal surface was 1.77 mg/g. The excellent performances of TA-St in dispersing and stabilizing coal particles in CWS were due to the great steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion effect derived from the starch “tentacle structure”, which effectively reduced the aggregation among coal particles.

Synthesis and working mechanism of fluid loss additive by freeze-drying method

ABSTRACT A liquid fluid loss additive was synthesized by 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS), N, N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMAM), maleic anhydride (MA), and allyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (APEG), which named ADMA (AMPS/DMAM/MA/APEG). The liquid ADMA was freeze-dried and grinded to a white powdery polymer (FDADMA). The FDADMA had less fluid loss volume and superior rheological properties both in fresh water and sea water, while ADMA merely exhibited good filtrate loss control and rheology in fresh water. Besides, the surface morphology of FDADMA was dendritic in sea water after freeze drying, while the ADMA was severely aggregated in sea water.

Enhancing the red upconversion of water-soluble β-NaErF4:Yb nanocrystals through Ca2+ doping

With the aim of developing lanthanide fluoride-based nanoparticles (NPs) with enhanced upconversion (UC) luminescence properties, Ca2+-doped water-soluble β-NaErF4:Yb nanocrystals are prepared by a facile solvothermal reaction using ethylene glycol and water as the solvents and comb-like superplasticizer (SP), polyacrylic-co-methyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether copolymer as the capping agent. The SP-capped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the capping agent has great influence on the morphology and colloidal solubility of the nanocrystals. The morphological and phase evolution of the nanocrystals is studied. Furthermore, bright red UC luminescence is observed when the sol is irradiated by a 980 nm laser, and the red UC photoluminescence (UCPL) emission is enhanced by eight times upon doping with 50 mol% Ca2+. The decay time and stability of the UCPL are also discussed. With the efficient stable red UC, the Ca2+ doped water-soluble NaErF4:Yb nanocrystals may find use in various optical applications.

Research on synthesis and properties of early strength polycarboxylate superplasticizers with different lengths of side chain

A series of early-strength polycarboxylate superplasticizers with different lengths of side chain were synthesized by methyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether (HPEG) as macromonomers with different molecular weights. The structural parameters of polycarboxylate superplasticizers were calculated by gel permeation chromatography method. The performance of the synthesized samples were characterized by hydration heat, X-ray powder diffraction and concrete test. The results show that the longer the side chain be, the better the early strength effect be, when the side chain length is greater than 67.64, the early strength of the synthesized polycarboxylate superplasticizers are better than that of a foreign multinational enterprise.

Synthesis and properties of a modified sodium carboxymethylcellulose superplasticiser

The polymeric admixture sodium-carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na)/poly methyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether (PHPEG)/poly sodium p-styrene sulfonate (PSS) was synthesised and used in cement-based materials. The polymer was tested using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction and the results showed that the superplasticiser was successfully synthesised. The polymer was applied to cement pastes, cement mortars and concretes. The results of thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry showed that the polymer promoted the cement hydration reaction. With the addition of the polymer, the compressive strength of the concrete increased by 42·17%, 21·94% and 20% at age 3 d, 7 d and 28 d, respectively, and the slump increased by 29 mm. Scanning electron microscopy was conducted to characterise the plain cement mortars and the polymer-modified cement mortars and the results revealed more hydration products in the polymer-modified cement mortars.

Effect of side-chain length in polycarboxylic superplasticizer on the early-age performance of cement-based materials

Abstract Varying the length of side-chain in Polycarboxylic superplasticizer (PCs) have been reported to greatly impact their molecular structure and their compatibility with other concrete raw materials. However, there is less study relating to the influence of side-chain length on early properties of cement-based materials. For this purpose, through a redox initiator system, five types of PCs with different side-chain lengths were synthesized by using 2-methyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether (HPEG) with different molecular weight and acrylic acid (AA) as monomers. The dispersing performance, hydration behavior, microstructure formation and cracking sensitivity in cement-based materials with these different types of PCs were thoroughly examined. The results showed that the initial fluidity of the cement paste increased first and then decreased but the fluidity losses decrease gradually with the increase of side-chain length in PCs. Compared to short side-chain PCs, the long ones can improve hydration heat peak value and shorten dissolution period, thus accelerating the hydration and microstructure formation of cement. The early-age strength increased, while 28-day strength and anti-cracking performance of cement-based materials increased first and then decreased with the increase of side-chain length in PCs. Such information also suggests that there exists a suitable side-chain length in PCs (53 PEO units) which makes cement-based materials have good dispersation, flow maintaining ability and the lowest crack sensitivity.

Comb‐shaped copolymer as filtrate loss reducer for water‐based drilling fluid

ABSTRACTA new comb‐shaped copolymer was synthesized by free radical copolymerization of 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid, acrylamide, N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, and allyl polyoxyethylene ether (APEG) monomers. The copolymer was evaluated as a filtrate loss reducer in water‐based drilling fluid at 180 °C environment, and found to work well without causing high viscosity effect. Composition of the copolymer was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. FTIR, X‐ray diffraction,, and environmental scanning electron microscopy characterizations were used to probe the filtrate loss mechanism of the comb‐shaped copolymer. Thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry results showed that thermal degradation of the copolymer is not obvious before 293.6 °C. The copolymer is found to be superior to its commercially available counterparts for controlling filtrate loss volume and maintaining a steady viscosity after 180 °C aging. Higher content of APEG in the copolymer helps maintain rheological properties of the drilling fluid after aging and reduces filtrate loss volume. The morphology of the copolymer in aqueous solution displays a comb‐shaped 3D structure and shows clear adsorption onto clay particles. The working mechanism for copolymer is that anchoring groups bind the copolymer onto clay particles through different binding mechanisms, while colloidal suspension stability is achieved by steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion, as well as through PEG segment intercalation into clay lamellae. The copolymer is able to cover and seal the micro‐holes in the mud cake even at high temperature to reduce permeability. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45989.

Novel Biodegradable Graft-Modified Water-Soluble Copolymer Using Acrylamide and Konjac Glucomannan for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Synthesis of a novel biodegradable hydrosoluble graft-copolymer named KGM-g-AM-g-AA-g-APEG was carried out using konjac glucomannan, acrylamide, acrylic acid, and allyl polyoxyethylene ether via free-radical copolymerization. Effective characterization methods , including XRD, TGA, FT-IR, 1H NMR, and SEM, were adopted to evaluate the graft-copolymer. The good biodegradability of the graft-copolymer was confirmed, with a degradation rate >60% in 28 days, by a biological degradation experiment. Subsequently, it was found that the graft-copolymer showed superior shear resistance, shear reversible performance, temperature resistance, viscoelasticity, and salt tolerance compared with partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide under the same conditions through rheological experiments. What’s more, RF (14.1) and RRF (4.95) of the graft-copolymer provided a valuable proof of the capability of mobility control and the great flooding effect with enhancing oil recovery by 13.76% in the presence of 6700 mg/L salt solution a...