Allahabad Safeda Research Articles

Spatial Distribution and Disease Incidence of Guava Wilt Village Survey Across Prayagraj and Kaushambi, Uttar Pradesh, India

A comprehensive roving survey was conducted in the Prayagraj and Kaushambi districts of Uttar Pradesh, India, both prominent guava-producing regions. The survey, which included 30 villages, revealed widespread guava wilt with incidence rates ranging from 19.04% to 37.93%, averaging 30.19% across the region. Three forms of wilt these are quick, slow, and partial were identified. Kaushambi district had a higher incidence rate (31.56%) compared to Prayagraj district (28.82%). Indarapur village in Kaushambi recorded the highest wilt incidence (37.93%). The survey also found that 66.67% of farmers lacked formal training in guava cultivation, contributing to poor disease management. Guava wilt was most prevalent in older orchards (10+ years) and primarily affected the Allahabad Safeda variety, which had the highest wilt incidence (33.64%). In contrast, the Pant Prabhat variety exhibited the lowest wilt incidence (22.95%). The causal pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii, was isolated from diseased plants. Three fungal isolates displayed variations in colony morphology, growth, and sporulation. Microconidia were non-septate and kidney-shaped, while macroconidia were thin- walled and typically 2-3 septate. Two isolates also produced chlamydospores. This study highlights the need for enhanced farmer training and the potential for cultivating wilt-tolerant varieties to mitigate the spread of the disease in the region.

Effect of pre-harvest application of potassium nitrate, naphthalene acetic acid and ethephon on ripening and shelf-life of guava cv. Allahabad Safeda

The current study, effect of pre-harvest application of potassium nitrate (KNO3), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and ethephon on ripening and shelf-life of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda was undertaken at the Fruit Research Farm, Dr B R S Agri at Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab. The experiment was carried out on an eight-year-old guava tree of the Allahabad Safeda. The trees were sprayed with various doses of chemicals, KNO3 (1.0, 1.5, 2.0%), NAA (200, 300, 400 ppm) and ethephon (200, 400, 600 ppm) during the third week of November. The fruits were harvested at the hard ripe stage on 19 December, placed in Corrugated fibre box (CFB) of 4 kg capacity and stored at ambient temperature. In ambient storage, guava fruits were remain acceptable for up to 6 days of storage without any adverse effect on fruit quality. KNO3 (1.5 and 2.0%), NAA (300 ppm) and ethephon (200 ppm) recorded a reduction in physiological loss of weight and spoilage and KNO3 (2.0%) maintaining fruit firmness (7.64 kg/cm2), palatability rating (8.00) throughout the storage period. However, the highest storage life and good-quality fruits was recorded with the application of KNO3 (1.5, 2%) during ambient storage. At lower concentrations, ethephon also helps to enhance the ripening of fruits, contrast to this fruits treated with NAA delayed the fruit senescense.

Combined influence of shoot bending and plant growth regulators on morphological traits of Guava cv. Allahabad Safeda

Combined influence of shoot bending and plant growth regulators on morphological traits of Guava cv. Allahabad Safeda

Effect of Leaf and Seed Powder Based Edible Coating with Beeswax and Clove Essential Oil on the Shelf Life of Guava (Psidium guajava) cv. Allahabad Safeda

The guava is thought to be India's most significant commercial fruit crop. Due to their high respiration rate, vulnerability to different pathogens, and mechanical damage that can quickly deteriorate the quality and concised its shelf life. Nonetheless, the purpose of the experiment was to investigate how guava's edible coatings affected its postharvest quality and shelf life. Guava fruits were treated by seven treatments of different concentrations of beeswax, guava leaf powder, neem leaf powder, tamarind seed powder, and clove oil with different combinations were used as edible coating were studied in a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. All seven treatments were used to examine the impact of edible coating materials on the physical and chemical properties. Under ambient conditions, the variations in physiological and chemical parameters were seen. The findings of present study showed maximum fruit weight (120.29 g), highest vitamin C (163.19 mg/100g), maximum acidity (0.49%) and antioxidant activity (35.43%) obtained from T4 [Neem leaves powder (2%) + Beeswax (1%)+ clove oil (1%)] compared with untreated fruits. The result suggested that the applications of [Neem leaves powder (2%) + Beeswax (1%) + clove oil (1%)] as an edible coating material in guava fruit is more effective than other treatments to improve the shelf life of Guava.

Evaluation of PGRrsquo;s, girth of hard wood stem cuttings and rooting media for rapid multiplication of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda

Evaluation of PGRrsquo;s, girth of hard wood stem cuttings and rooting media for rapid multiplication of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda

Effect of pre-harvest treatments on various attributes of guava fruits cv. Allahabad Safeda

Effect of pre-harvest treatments on various attributes of guava fruits cv. Allahabad Safeda

Effect of Pre-harvest Nutrient Application and Bagging with Different Colours of Polythene on Quality of Rainy Season Guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) cv. Allahabad Safeda

An investigation was conducted at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during 2021-22 and 2022-23. The experiment consisted of sixteen treatments viz T0- Control, T1- Ca(NO3)2 (2%), T2- K2SO4 (2%), T3- Ca(NO3)2 (2%) + K2SO4 (2%), T4- Ca(NO3)2 (2%) + Bagging (Red colour polythene), T5- Ca(NO3)2 (2%) + Bagging (Green colour polythene). T6- Ca(NO3)2 (2%) + Bagging (Yellow colour polythene), T7- Ca(NO3)2 (2%) + Bagging (Silver colour polythene), T8- K2SO4 (2%) + Bagging (Red colour polythene), T9- K2SO4 (2%) + Bagging (Green colour polythene), T10- K2SO4 (2%) + Bagging (Yellow colour polythene), T11- K2SO4 2% + Bagging (Silver colour polythene), T12- Ca(NO3)2 (2%) + K2SO4 (2%) + Bagging (Red colour polythene), T13- Ca(NO3)2 (2%) + K2SO4 (2%) + Bagging (Green colour polythene), T14- Ca(NO3)2 (2%) + K2SO4 (2%) + Bagging (Yellow colour polythene), T15- Ca(NO3)2 (2%) + K2SO4 (2%) + Bagging (Silver colour polythene) which were arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The foliar application of nutrients was done twice at ten days interval. The foliar application of nutrients was done twice at ten days interval days before Fifty-five days harvesting whereas Bagging of fruits was employed approximately at 30 days before harvesting of fruits using red, yellow, silver and green colours polythene bags. Analysis of the data indicated that treatment T14- Ca(NO3)2 (2%) + K2SO4 (2%) + Bagging (Yellow colour polythene) reported to be best for parameters namely Average fruit weight (163.88), Fruit width (cm) (8.37), Fruit length (cm) (6.17),Volume of fruits (cm3) (172.03) Yield/plant (kg) (5.49), Insect damage fruits (%) (0.68), Organoleptic quality (9.78).

Edible coating functionalized with ornamental plant extracts affect the postharvest quality of guava (Psidium guajava) during storage

Present study was carried out during 2021–23 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to investigate the efficacy of active edible coatings, incorporated with extracts from rose leaves and marigold petals in preserving the quality of mature green guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda during storage at both ambient (25±2°C) and cold (10±1°C) conditions. The coatings, particularly carboxy methyl cellulose combined with rose leaf extract (CMC+RL) demonstrated the highest effectiveness in minimizing per cent firmness reduction (PFR; 77.02% and 84.71%) compared to the control (89.95% and 89.73%) after 4 and 18 days of ambient and cold storage, respectively. Additionally, the coatings significantly influenced total soluble solids (TSS), total sugar content (TSC) and yellowness index (YI) showing potential in slowing down the fruit ripening. Moreover, the coatings demonstrated notable antioxidant activity with CMC+RL coating exhibited the highest activity. Furthermore, the coatings exhibited a substantial inhibitory effect on polygalactouronase (PG) activity, indicating a potential to mitigate cell wall degradation. Overall, the results highlight the promise of these biodegradable coatings as an alternative to synthetic preservatives in preserving postharvest quality and enhancing the shelf-life of guava fruits.

Variation in Leaf Biochemical Compositon of Guava (Psidium guajava L) Hybrids

Interplay of several internal development cues leads to floral induction in perennials like guava, mango and litchi. The transition of plants from the vegetative to the reproductive phase depends on the biochemical composition of the leaves. In view of this, the present study was conducted to know the variation in biochemical composition in non-flowering and flowering guava plants. Seven guava hybrids H1 (ARP selection x Lalit), H2 (Lalit x ARP selection), H3 (Allahabad Safeda x ARP selection), H4 (Lalit x Allahabad Safeda), H5 (Allahabad Safeda x Lalit), H6 (Nagpur Seedless x Allahabad Safeda) and OP (Open pollinated progeny of Allahabad Safeda).) were used for estimation of biochemical constituents in blooming and non-blooming plants. Results revealed that higher levels of total sugars, protein, and carbohydrates were observed in the leaves of non-blooming plants compared to blooming plants. However, compared to non-flowered plants, flowering plants had leaves with a higher amount of total phenol.

Studies on Physical Attributes of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Genotypes in Awadh Region

Guava (Psidium guajava L.), a prominent fruit in tropical and subtropical regions, exhibits significant variability in physical attributes across different genotypes. This study aimed to evaluate the physical characteristics of eight guava genotypes (Lalit, Shweta, CISHG-1, CISHG-31, Allahabad Safeda, L-49, Taiwan, and VNR Bihi) in the Awadh region. The attributes assessed included fruit length, breadth, weight, volume, and specific gravity. Results indicated substantial variations among the genotypes. The longest fruits were observed in Taiwan (9.88 cm), while Shweta had the shortest (6.17 cm). Taiwan also exhibited the greatest breadth (9.29 cm) and weight (465 g), whereas L-49 had the smallest breadth (6.24 cm) and weight (141 g). Fruit volume ranged from 139 ml in L-49 to 462 ml in Taiwan. Specific gravity varied from 1.005% in VNR Bihi to 1.030% in Shweta, indicating differences in fruit density. These findings highlight the genetic diversity among guava genotypes and underscore the potential for selecting specific genotypes based on desired physical attributes for cultivation and market preferences. This study provides valuable insights into guava breeding programs aimed at improving fruit quality and marketability.

Effect of Organic Manure and Biofertilizers on the Growth, Yield and Productivity of Guava under Meadow Orcharding

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic manure and biofertilizers on the growth, yield and productivity of guava under meadow orcharding at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. In this experiment, various organic sources (Farm yard manure (30 kg/plant/y), vermicompost (30 kg/plant/y) and neem cake (3 kg/plant/y) along with various biofertilizer combinations (Azotobacter, Azospirillum, PSB) were tested on five-year-old guava cultivar 'Allahabad Safeda' to study its effect on growth, fruiting and yield. The results obtained showed higher fruit weight (218.00 g), fruit length (7.60 cm), fruit diameter (7.42 cm), maximum number of fruits produced per plant (26.64 fruits/plant), maximum yield per plant of 5.81 kg/plant and maximum yield per ha (23.12 t/ha) with the application of T9. The highest total soluble solids (12°Brix) and total sugar content of fruit (8.26%) with the application of T9. Application of nutrients through organic along with biofertilizers improve soil health in terms of mean microbial population in the rhizosphere of root zone soil as compared to control. From the present study, the application of biofertilizers with the combination of organic manures has a beneficial effect on the availability of major nutrients in the soil to help in maintaining of the soil fertility and plant growth of the fruits at a desired level. It can be concluded that, for better growth, yield and quality guava fruits, the guava trees should be fertilized with (FYM (30kg/plant) +Azospirillum @250g/tree +PSB @250g/tree +Neem cake @3kg/tree) per year with treatment T9.

Effect of Fruit Bagging on the Yield and Quality of Rainy Season Guava (Psidium guajava) cv Allahabad Safeda

The present experiment was conducted at Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during the session 2022 - 2024. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design, and the study consists of eight treatments with three replications including control. From the present investigation, it was concluded that bagging had significant effect on fruit characters in guava. The best treatment was T3 (Yellow Polythene) which shows highest values in all the parameters viz fruit characters (fruit weight-192.09g, fruit girth- 6.39 cm, fruit diameter-6.53cm, pulp weight-74.91g, pulp percentage-89.06%, seed weight-6.22g, seed percentage-5.71% & specific gravity-1.23), quality attributes (TSS -15.32 0Brix, acidity- 0.40%, vitamin C- 161.99 mg/100g, TSS/acid ratio-37.64). Increased fruit yield and quality might be due to the increased absorption of sunlight & favorable microclimate created due to bagging.

Biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles by Psidium guajava plants with antibacterial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and photocatalytic capacity

AbstractWith an increasing focus on green technologies, this research aimed to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) using leaf extracts from Allahabad Safeda and Hisar Safeda for environmental and health protection. A range of concentrations of leaf extracts were employed in the synthesis of nanoparticles, utilizing 1–9% extract from Allahabad Safeda and 3–11% extract from Hisar Safeda. The synthesized CuO-NPs were characterized by UV–visible spectrophotometry, Dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. CuO-NPs synthesized using 3% Allahabad Safeda extract and 5% Hisar Safeda extract exhibited a particle size of 15.88 nm and 14.05 nm, respectively. CuO-NPs synthesized with Allahabad Safeda extract exhibited superior antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and photocatalytic properties. Their antibacterial tests demonstrated significant inhibition zones against Staphylococcus aureus (20.5 cm), Streptococcus latis (20.7 cm), Escherichia coli (19.5 cm), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.7 mm). Additionally, CuO-NPs from Allahabad Safeda extract (70 µg/mL) exhibited 68.23% of scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. Moreover, the same CuO-NPs at 100 µg/mL concentration showed 67.32% α-amylase inhibition and 75.18% α-glucosidase inhibition, confirming their antidiabetic activities. Furthermore, these nanoparticles demonstrated high performance in photocatalytic degradation, by degrading 82.31% methylene blue and 88.54% crystal violet within 150 min of UV irradiation. Overall, the findings highlight the feasibility of CuO-NPs synthesis using Allahabad Safeda extract and their potential applications in antibacterial treatment, combating diabetes, antioxidation, and environmentally friendly dye photodegradation process. Graphical Abstract

Effect of Pruning and Nutrient Levels on Plant Growth of Guava (Psidium guajava) cv. Allahabad Safeda under Meadow Orcharding Allahabad

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of pruning and nutrient levels on growth and yield of guava cv. Allahabad Safeda. The treatment consists of four different levels of pruning P0: 00.0cm (Un-pruned plants/ Without Pruning), P1: Pruned at 30cm of the shoot length, P2: Pruned at 40cm of the shoot length and P3: Pruned at 50cm of the shoot length and four different levels of nutrients (NPK) viz., F1: NPK (260:320:260 g/plant) (Control), F2: NPK (220:280:300 g/plant), F3: NPK (300:360:300g/plant) and F4: NPK (340:400:340g/plant). The experiment comprising 16 treatment combinations was laid out in 2-factor Factorial Randomized Block Design (f-RBD) having three replications during 2014-2015 & 2015-2016. Among the different treatments T16:P3(P3: 50cm x F4: 340:400:340 g/plant) was best dose for optimum vegetative growth parameter viz., plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, plant spread (n-s & e-w), stem diameter (mm), stem length (cm) and days to taken new shoot emergence of guava cv. Allahabad safeda.

Impact of foliar spray of nano-Zn and nano-Cu on biochemical characteristics of guava cv. Allahabad Safeda

Foliar spraying of nanoparticles (NPs) improves the absorption of plant nutrient application compared to traditional soil–root application, and it also enhances the yield and quality of fruits. The present study aimed to evaluate the qualitative effects of foliar sprays of two concentrations of nano-zinc and nano-copper (40 ppm, 60 ppm; 20 ppm, 30 ppm respectively), in comparison to ZnSo4 (recommended by, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana) and control (foliar spray of water) on the guava crop (var. Allahabad Safeda). The experiment was conducted at Lovely Professional University Research farm, Phagwara, Jalandhar (Punjab) by applying a simple randomized block design, with ten treatments applied as T1: control, T2: nano-Zn1, T3: nano-Zn2, T4: nano-Cu1, T5: nano-Cu2, T6: nano-Zn1+ nano-Cu1, T7: nano-Zn1+ nano-Cu2, T8: nano-Zn2 + nano-Cu1, T9: nano-Zn2 + nano-Cu2, T10: ZnSO4 (PAU recommendation) in three replications. The treatments were sprayed two times, first at the flowering stage and second when the fruit reached pea size. The nutrient spray increases the concentration of nutrients in the leaves while also affecting the biochemical parameters. The performance for total soluble solids (9.89°B), total sugars (8.74%), titratable acidity (0.98%), antioxidants (7.49%), firmness (5.71kg/cm2), non-reducing sugars (3.32%), Vitamin-C (268.90mg/100g pulp), pectin content (2.13%), reducing sugars (5.46%), and TSS/acid ratio (10.06) was superior with the application of nano-Zn2 + nano-Cu2 (T9). The application of nano-micronutrients (zinc and copper) in combination is favorable for the quality of guava fruit (Allahabad Safeda).

Effect of pre-harvest treatments on various attributes of guava fruits cv. Allahabad Safeda

Effect of pre-harvest treatments on various attributes of guava fruits cv. Allahabad Safeda

Nutritional Composition, Mineral Profiling, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties of Selected Indian Guava Cultivars Leaf Extract.

Psidium guajava L. is a small evergreen tree known for its magnificent medicinal and nutritional value. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional profile and in vitro pharmacological potentialities of the different leaf extracts of four cultivars of Psidium guajava namely Surka chitti, Allahabad safeda, Karela, and Lucknow-49. The standard procedures of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) were followed to carry out the nutritional analysis and all of the cultivars recorded the presence of elements at a nominal range. The highest presence of phenols (125.77 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (92.38 mg QE/g) in the methanolic leaf extract of the Karela cultivar was recorded. A wide range of minerals such as sodium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, and boron were recorded with a higher percentage in the Karela cultivar of Psidium guajava. In the enzyme inhibitory assays, Allahabad safeda showed potential inhibition with an IC50 of 113.31 ± 1.07, 98.2 ± 0.66 and 95.73 ± 0.39 μg/mL in α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase inhibition assays, respectively. The strong antioxidant effect was established by Lucknow-49 (IC50 of 74.43 ± 1.86 μg/mL) and Allahabad safeda (IC50 of 78.93 ± 0.46 μg/mL) for ABTS and DPPH assays, respectively. The ethyl acetate and methanolic leaf extracts of the Allahabad safeda cultivar showed better inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an MIC of 14.84 and 28.69 µg/mL, respectively. A decent mean zone of inhibition was recorded in methanolic leaf extract that ranged from 21-25 mm in diameter against the tested bacterial strains (Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, and P. aeruginosa). This is the first scientific report on the comparative and comprehensive analysis of indigenous guava cultivars to evidently shortlist the elite cultivars with enriched dietary nutrition and biological activities.

Impact of Pruning Levels and Tree Age on the Productivity and Fruit Quality in Guava CV. Allahabad Safeda

Impact of Pruning Levels and Tree Age on the Productivity and Fruit Quality in Guava CV. Allahabad Safeda

Effect of Pre-Harvest Fruit Bagging on Fruit Quality Characteristics of Different Guava Cultivars during Rainy Season

The present investigation was carried out on 6-7 years old grafted guava plants at Guava Demonstration Centre, Bhuna, Haryana, India during the rainy season (2019-20). During the experiment, the fruits of different guava cultivars viz. Hisar Safeda, Hisar Surkha, Allahabad Safeda, and Shweta were bagged with different bagging materials immediately after the fruit set. Results showed that the fruits bagged with blue polythene exhibited maximum fruit volume (113.96 ml) and organoleptic score (8.8), while the minimum (95.30 ml and 6.3, respectively) values were observed in the control. The highest fruit firmness (6.62 Kg/cm2) was observed with green polythene, while the minimum (5.03 Kg/cm2) was in control. Additionally, bagged fruits showed better peel colour development. The fruit drop was also reduced in all treatments except for the control (20%), yellow paper (12.78%), and green paper (11.66%). Fruit drop was minimum in transparent polythene (5.55%) and green polythene. On the other hand, Decay loss was eliminated in yellow paper, green paper, blue paper, cotton cloth, and muslin cloth bags, and significantly reduced in all the treatments except the control (8.88%). Among the cultivars, the maximum fruit firmness (5.98 Kg/cm2) was recorded in Hisar Safeda, whereas the least firmness (5.64 Kg/cm2) was in Allahabad Safeda. In conclusion, pre-harvest bagging of fruits was found promising in enhancing the quality attributes of various guava cultivars which can also be applied in real farm situations to enhance the yield as well as the quality of guava crop.

Influence of Maturity Stage on Post-harvest Quality of Guava Cultivars

The guava (Psidium guajava L.), a member of the Myrtaceae family and a native of tropical America, was brought to India by the Portuguese in the 17th century. The primary focus lies in comprehending the physiological and biochemical alterations within the fruit, which play a crucial role in understanding metabolic phenomena such as fruit ripening, softening, and overall aging. Additionally, these changes hold significance for shaping commercial procedures and meeting post-harvest demands. It is imperative for the post-harvest management system to strive to deliver the fruit to the market in the desired condition sought by consumers or importers. Guavas are highly perishable fruits, with fresh supplies to markets often lasting only a few days. In the Postharvest Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, an experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of maturity stage on the post-harvest quality of guava cultivars under ambient conditions at 3-day intervals of storage. The guava cultivars, namely Lalit, Allahabad Safeda, and Shweta, were chosen at distinct stages of maturity, encompassing mature green, color break and ripe. The findings showed that the ripeness or stage of maturity at harvest had a substantial impact on the quality and storage life of guava fruits. In comparison to the colour-turning stage and the ripe stage of fruits, the mature green stage demonstrated promising results in maintaining post-harvest quality. Considering all the parameters, the best guava cultivars in terms of superior post-harvest quality, including total soluble solids, lycopene content, ascorbic acid content, and minimal acidity content, were found to be the Lalit cultivar.