All-Union Institute Research Articles

Abstracting It All: The Soviet Institute of Scientific Information (VINITI) and the Promise of Centralisation, 1952–1977

AbstractIn the aftermath of the Second World War, effective handling of scientific information was identified as crucial for advancement and international competitiveness. Here, we study how the Soviet Union, through the founding of The All-Union Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (VINITI), developed its own grandiose system which served researchers and engineers throughout the USSR. By studying its inception, the way it was structured, and how it relates to similar grand visions of how to organise knowledge, we provide rare insights into a partly alternative history of how scientific information was organised in the latter half of the 20th century. Based on available sources in English and Russian, we consider the ideas behind this grand initiative for acquiring international literature, as well as how it was received and presented to a foreign audience. In this effort, we put particular emphasis on the first 25 years of VINITI (1952–1977) while at the same time focusing on central ideas in its organisation such as “enrichment”, “abstracting” and “pre-printing”. A key principle emerging from our analysis is how the notion of concentration becomes a fundamental principle for its operations. Overall, the activities of VINITI can today appear as both old-fashioned, bordering on the utopian, and as visionary and modern in its abandonment of journals and traditional forms of peer review.

История организационно-управленческой деятельности советского микробиолога Зинаиды Виссарионовны Ермольевой

The study aims to reconstruct the organizational and managerial aspect in the scientific biography of Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermolyeva (1898-1974), a prominent Soviet microbiologist who produced the first Soviet antibiotic penicillin. The paper analyzes Ermolyeva’s work leading various scientific units and institutions: the Department of Microbial Biochemistry at the A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, followed by the A. M. Gorky All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine, the Institute of Biological Prophylaxis of Infections, and the Department of Microbiology at the Central Institute for Advanced Medical Training. The study is novel in that it is the first one to shed light on the role of Z. V. Ermolyeva as an organizer of science and a leader of a scientific team, based on the analysis of a number of unpublished documents from three federal archives. As a result of the study, Ermolyeva’s scientific-organizational activity has been reconstructed and it has been established that for half a century her professional activity was associated not only with research in the field of microbiology and medicine, but also with the successful organization of Soviet science within academic and educational institutions, where she managed to create cohesive teams of talented researchers who made a significant contribution to the development of Soviet microbiology and medicine.

Development of mechanization of dairy cattle rearing in Russia and the Soviet Union in the first half of the twentieth century

The study aimed to look into how dairy cattle rearing in Russia and the USSR got technical and technological support in the first half of the twentieth century. At the start of the 20th century, two-thirds of Russian agriculture were small peasant farms. They used manual labor and did not need the costly machines. The consolidation of farms was very slow. Yet it laid the foundation for a shift to mechanized livestock production. The First World War, which began in 1914, followed by the Revolution and the Civil War halted for years the technical development of Russia's agricultural production. In late 20s, the Soviet Union already faced the challenge of producing more agricultural goods. This increase could be possible by starting highly mechanized agricultural enterprises. By 1931, “Soyuzselstroy”, an All-Union Agricultural Construction Association, had prepared standard designs of dairy cattle farms for 100 and 200 heads. They provided for mechanization of main processes of cow housing and care. In 1930-1940, scientists and engineers of the All-Union Institute of Mechanization (VIM) and its branches undertook the creation of cattle farming machinery. This period saw the development and manufacture of a number of machines that made livestock farmers labor easier. The work on setting standards for designing the cow barns started. By 1939, VIM had designed a system of machines and test edit in collective farms. The need for specialized organizations to help collective farms to install and put into operation the livestock equipment became evident. At the same time, training of agricultural engineers started in Leningrad, Moscow and other USSR cities. A Decree by the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union dated July 8, 1939, set a delivery plan of machines and units for livestock farming in 1940. Thus, by 1941 the conditions were created for integrated mechanization of main labor-intensive processes in national animal husbandry. Those days agricultural ecology was not in the focus. With no widespread production of mineral fertilizers in place, application of all manure to soil posed no environmental risk.

О научно-методических подходах к комментированию закона (из истории Института законодательства и сравнительного правоведения при Правительстве Российской Федерации)

Purpose. Determination of approaches towards preparation of a scientific law commentary on the example of preparation of a commentary on the Criminal Code of the RSFSR of 1960 by the All-Union Institute of Legal Sciences. Characteristics of scientific ideas on such commenting expressed during the speech and discussion at the meeting of the academic council of the All-Union Institute of Legal Sciences on December 26, 1960. Methodology: dialectics, hermeneutics, synergetics, philosophical conceptology. Conclusions. Some scientific ideas on preparation of a scientific commentary on criminal law are still relevant today: determination of the commentary purpose; shifting away from expressing a subjective point of view; creation of the conceptual law enforcement language, etc. Scientific and practical relevance. Scientific approaches towards preparation of a commentary on law and, in particular, a commentary on the Criminal Code are rarely a subject of a scientific discussion, yet, they need to be understood. A good illustration is the discussion of the matters of preparation of a commentary on the Criminal Code of the RSFSR of 1960 that took place at the meeting of the academic council of the All-Union Institute of Legal Sciences, now the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, that celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2023.

The film comedies of Leonid Gaidai: student works and the formation of a style

ABSTRACT This article studies the early stage of the career of the well-known Soviet and Russian comedy filmmaker Leonid Gaidai, notably the training period at the All-Union Institute of Cinema (VGIK), on the basis of hitherto unknown archival sources. During these student years, many important stylistic lines of Gaidai’s comedy films were established: his interest in the synthesis of satire, sharp social criticism, trick comedy and eccentricity that would become well known to audiences. Firstly, new archival materials include the theoretical parts of the diploma works from the cinematographers’ faculty of Vladimir Boganov and Vadim Yusov at VGIK (hitherto unknown), and the film Darlings-Friends. Secondly, the short film and Gaidai’s coursework Darlings-Friends (1954), discovered by the film historian Sergei Kapterev at VGIK’s film library. Thirdly, the theoretical part of Gaidai’s dissertation (hitherto not known to researchers), who worked as probationer-assistant director and actor on the musical comedy Lyana by Boris Barnet. In this text, Gaidai for the first time formulates a number of principles for the creation of a comedy film and determines some important lines of his style.

ИСТОКИ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРОИНЖЕНЕРНОЙ НАУКИ В РОССИИ

The paper is devoted to the study of new materials on the origins of the development of agroengineering science in Russia, stored in the collections of the Museum of Agricultural Mechanics named after V.P. Goryachkin RGAU - MSHA named after K.A. Timiryazev. (Research purpose) The research purpose is analyzing the development of agroengineering science in Russia in the initial periods of its formation. (Materials and methods) It was noted that the newly opened documents more fully cover the key role of V.P. Goryachkin in the creation of the Faculty of Agricultural Mechanics at the Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, in the construction of a machine testing station, in the formation of advanced training courses for teachers in the field of agricultural engineering. We studied the materials of the commission chaired by Professor V.P. Bushinsky, created to draw up projects and estimates for the construction of the Moscow Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture in 1930 (now the Institute of Mechanics and Power Engineering named after V.P. Goryachkin as part of the RGAU - MSHA named after K.A. Timiryazev). Documents relating to the opening of the All-Union Institute of Agricultural Engineering in 1928 were put into scientific circulation, in particular, the transcript of V.P. Goryachkin's report at the meeting of the Institute of Agricultural Mechanics, renamed VISKHOM, on November 25, 1927. (Results and discussion) They showed various forms of pedagogical work that appeared as a result of the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR "On agricultural engineering" dated April 1, 2021. (Conclusions) By the beginning of the 1930s in the USSR, V.P. Goryachkin, an outstanding scientist and organizer of science and education, laid the foundations of domestic agricultural engineering; for the first time put forward scientific principles for the design, calculation and construction of agricultural machinery and tools; developed a test methodology; created a number of unique devices and apparatus.

The activity of the outstanding histologist academician A.A. Zavarzin as the commissioner of the tomsk group of laboratories of the Institute of Experimental Medicine in the period of the Great Patriotic War

Academician A.A. Zavarzin (18861945) the founder of evolutionary histology and the creator of tissue parallelism theory, is known as an outstanding neurohistologist and organizer of the Department of General Morphology of the All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine (AIEM). During the Great Patriotic War (World War II) A.A. Zavarzin was evacuated to Tomsk as part of the laboratories of the central part of AIEM (Moscow) and the Leningrad branch of AIEM (Leningrad). Some information about his scientific work in Tomsk is presented in the historical literature, however, up to the present, his organizational activities as a commissioner have not been known. Based on information from the archive of the Institute of Experimental Medicine (St. Petersburg), including previously unpublished materials from orders on personnel for 1941 and 1945 and those for the Tomsk Group of AIEM, this article presents new facts about the life and scientific and organizational activities of Academician A.A. Zavarzin during the Great Patriotic War. In the period from 1943 to 1944, he headed the Tomsk group of laboratories of the A.M. Gorky All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine the main scientific medical institution in the country, on the basis of which the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences was organized in 1945.

60<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the Institute for Certified Reference Materials! Russian reference materials: history in persons

In 2023, the Institute for Reference Materials will celebrate its 60thanniversary. The main stages of the development of the Institute, the results of activities during the past years are considered. The All-Union Institute for Standard Samples and Spectral Standards (VNIISO) was established in 1963 in Sverdlovsk. Yuri L. Pliner was appointed Director of the Institute, Deputy Director for Research — Vasily V Stepin. For the first 10 years, the institute has developed 225 reference materials (RM) of raw materials and mate­rials for metallurgical production. Samples for the ferrous metals’ spectral analysis were developed espe­cially rapidly, their number increased by 2.3 times. The Institute was transformed into ISO TsNIIchermet in 1974 and included in the Central Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy named by I. R Bardin. The branch system of CRMs created in the years ahead ensured the reliability of quality control of raw materi­als and products of the metallurgical complex. The duties of the Head Organization of the Metrological Service of the Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy of the USSR for measurements of the chemical composition and standard samples were assigned to the institute in 1978. The system of metrological control (MK) was created and introduced into the practice of analytical laboratories at subsequent period (1978 - 1985). Metrological requirements for CRM, measurement methods certification and normatives for operational, internal and external analysis results quality control were established by ISO TsNIIchermeta. Verification of the implementation of MC in analytical laboratories of the metallurgical industry was carried out in the process of their metrological certification, which was carried out by the leading specialists of the institute since 1982. In 1992, the Institute was transformed into a JSC “The Institute for Certified Reference Mate­rials” (ICRM). The Institute is accredited in accordance with the requirements of the International Stan­dard ISO 17034 as a RM producer, in accordance with the requirements of GOST ISO/IEC 17043 as a pro­ficiency provider. The testing analytical center of ICRM is accredited in accordance with GOST ISO/TEC 17025. The article presents the institute’s and its staff current state data.

The difficult years of Leon Abgarovich Orbeli: 140th anniversary of his birth

L.A. Orbeli was one of the outstanding Russian physiologists, who at different times worked in the Department of Physiology of the Imperial Institute of Experimental Medicine under I.P. Pavlov and in St. Petersburg Marine Hospital, headed the Department of Evolutionary Physiology of the All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biostation in Koltushi (later on the Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Pathology of Higher Nervous Activity of USSR Academy of Medical Sciences). During the Stalinist repressions he actively defended his fellow scientists, petitioning for their release. How many people were saved by L.A. Orbeli during the Stalinist terror, no one knows today. Abgar Leonovich (15.05.193920.12.2022), grandson of Leon Abgarovich, public figure and scientist, estimates that he saved at least a hundred people. Among those saved was the future Nobel Prize winner for physiology or medicine, Konrad Lorenz. Thanks to Leon Abragovichs intercession, E.M. Kreps trial for counterrevolutionary activities ended with 5 years in a labour camp, and not the highest punishment for the scientist. Thanks to him, Kreps was able to return to his scientific activities. Such activity could not remain unpunished and after the Pavlov session Orbeli was dismissed from all posts, but in 1956 he became Director of the I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology. I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology, which he headed until his death in 1958. L.A. Orbeli was one of the first native humanist, for whom humanist activity was not less important than scientific. The article is based on report of senior researcher of FGBNU IEM E.T. Zakharova Orbeli and his time, made in Academy of Sciences (SPb, Universitetskaya Embankment, 5) 07.07.2022 at the workshop dedicated to memory of academician L.A. Orbeli, timed to 140th anniversary since his birth.

Pavel Alexandrovich Baranov. A life for science and the motherland

The year 2022 marks the 130th anniversary of the birth and the 60th anniversary of the death of one of the most remarkable directors of a large number of botanical scientific institutions, Pavel Aleksandrovich Baranov. His life was devoted to the creation and development of the Central Asian State University (SAGU), the Botanical Institute of SAGU, the Pamir Biological Station and the Pamir Botanical Garden in Khorog, the Main Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the Central Asian Branch of the All-Union Institute of Plant Industry, etc. He has been a passionate fighter against Lysenkoism and propagandized advances in genetics.

Civilists of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law and Codifications of Russian Civil Law

The article highlights the key role of prominent civil scientists who worked at the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law (the All-Union Institute of Legal Sciences and the All-Union Institute of Soviet Legislation, celebrating the 100th anniversary of its creation), in the formation and development civil (private) law in our country and in the preparation and implementation of its two codifications (1961–1964 and 1991– 2006). Among their main scientific contributions to domestic jurisprudence are the restoration of civil law in the 30s–40s of the last century and private law in the 1990s; direct development of the Fundamentals of Civil Legislation in 1961 and 1991, and civil codes of 1964 and 1994–2006, as well as the Concept for the Development of the Civil Legislation of the Russian Federation in 2009. It is noted that the main result of their scientific work and the main scientific merit was the development of a methodology for lawmaking in the field of civil law, which will be used by modern civilists in improving current civil law.

Машинно-испытательная станция как база практической подготовки агроинженеров

The new materials about V.P. Goryachkin have been recently found in the archives of the Museum of Agricultural Mechanics named after V.P. Goryachkin (Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy). These finding helped clarify and supplement information about the history of establishing the agro-engineering scientific and pedagogical school by Vasily Goryachkin at Moscow Agricultural Institute - Petrovskaya Agricultural Academy - Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The newly discovered documents reveal some of the circumstances of the construction of the Machine Testing Station at Moscow Agricultural Institute in 1913, the establishing of the Faculty of Agricultural Mechanics of Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in 1928, as well as further training courses for teachers in the field of agricultural engineering. Documents related to the opening of the All-Union Institute of Agricultural Engineering in 1928 were also introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Particularly valuable facts concerning the life and work of V.P. Goryachkin, can be found in the earliest memoirs about the great scientist, written by his closest student and long-term colleague Professor B.A. Krill in 1937, two years after the death of Vasily Goryachkin.

Professor Serafim V. Yushkov as the Founder of the Science of the History of State and Law

The article is devoted to the scientific work of Serafim V. Yushkov, the founder of the science of the history of state and law. Based on the study of documents from the archival fund of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, the path of the scientist in life and science, his contribution to the study of the history of the ancient Russian state and law, source work on the study and publication of monuments of domestic law, including the Russkaya Pravda, the creation of a training course on the history of state and law are consistently revealed. Special attention is paid to the influence of the works of S. V. Yushkov on the formation of the history of the state and law of foreign countries. It is emphasized that it was through the efforts of S. V. Yushkov that the prevailing ideas about the subject and method of historical and legal science, the periodization of the history of the national state and law, and the research space characteristic of it were formed. The information on the criticism of S. V. Yushkov's works by other scientists of his time, on the discussion of these works at the meetings of the Academic Council of the All-Union Institute of Legal Sciences are given. The authors came to conclusion that through the efforts of S. V. Yushkov domestic scientists received for further research a thoroughly elaborated publication from a scientific standpoint of the fundamental monuments of ancient Russian law. The scientist's work significantly influenced further research in the field of the history of state and law, not only in our country, but also in foreign countries. Thanks to the students of S. V. Yushkov, who continued his work, an advanced historical and legal science was formed, and today it successfully performs its most important functions.

The 1950 Discussion about the “Russkaya Pravda” by S. V. Yushkov (to the 135th Anniversary of the Scientist's Birth)

The article, prepared on the basis of dialectical, formal-logical, formal-legal methods, as well as methods of historical analysis and systematization, sets and solves the task of showing the main directions of scientific discussions of the post-war period about the Russkaya Pravda, to identify the main achievements of S. V. Yushkov in the study of this monument of national law. The figure of Seraphim Vladimirovich Yushkov occupies a special place in the national science of the history of state and law, since he is actually its creator. He owns the name of this branch of scientific knowledge and academic discipline, its periodization, the formulation of a number of significant issues. The scientist paid the main attention to the study of the ancient Russian state and law. The central place among his works is occupied by the research of theRusskaya Pravda, including a monograph on this source of law, many provisions of which retain their significance today. At the same time, after publication, this work was ambiguously perceived by some scientists. The materials of the discussion on the the “Russkaya Pravda” by S. V. Yushkov, which unfolded during the discussion of the monograph at the Academic Council of the All-Union Institute of Legal Sciences, are presented. For the first time, verbatim reports of meetings devoted to the discussion of the monograph (1950) and the memory of Yushkov (1952) are introduced into scientific circulation.

Civil Law School of the All-Union Institute of Legal Sciences and the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law: Formation and Development

The article is dedicated to the centenary of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation. The reader is invited to characterize and systematize the main stages in the development of civil law thought in the scientific school of the Institute, which has historically been the center of Russian legal science. Based on the analysis of sources, not only the formation and development of the ideas of the outstanding legal scholars of the country, who made the glory of domestic legal science, but also their influence on the improvement of Russian legislation can be traced, the grounds that individualize the civil law school of the Institute are identified. The article presents unique data that has not yet been presented in the historiography of the science of Russian private law. Keywords: history of Russian civil law; civil law schools; development of the science of civil law.

E. V. Wulff, a classic in cultivated plant floristics

Evgenii V. Wulff is an outstanding floristic phytogeographer, a classic in geography of cultivated plants. The scientific heritage of E.V. Wulff deserves a wider use, especially when solving such a very topical scientific problem for Russia due to the enrichment of the species composition in regional agrofloras. The paper deals with the Leningrad period of the scientist’s research activity, which lasted from February 1, 1926 until his death during WW2 in the besieged Leningrad (December 21, 1941). These were the years E.V. Wulff spent in Leningrad, which marked the period of his highest creativeactivity, when he was inseparably linked with Nikolai I. Vavilov, who invited him in 1925 to the All-Union Institute of Applied Botany and New Crops (now the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources).

DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALL-UNION INSTITUTE OF HELMINTHOLOGY IS THE WAY OF GREAT ACHIEVEMENTS (to the 90th anniversary of creation)

April 7, 2022 All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Centre VIEV" celebrates the 90th anniversary of the establishment of an independent scientific institution in the field of helminthology in Russia. For the first time in the world, a specialized institute was created, which included all areas of helminthological science. This event was preceded by many years of hard and purposeful work of the founder and first director of the All-Union Institute of Helminthology Konstantin Ivanovich Skryabin, his students and associates. In this work, we have tried to show this way of the formation of scientific thought, the development of scientific methods, the search for and training of helminthologists, the deepening of work, the formulation and solution of a large number of problems. K. I. Skryabin successfully applied the features of the socialist system for the systematic control of helminthiasis in animals, humans and plants, based on a solid foundation of theoretical training. At present, the institute continues to work successfully in the field of veterinary and agronomic parasitology

Academician Nikolai Nikolaevich Petrov (1876–1964) (on the 145th anniversary of his birth)

Nikolai Nikolaevich Petrov was born on December 2 (14), 1876 in St. Petersburg in the family of a famous scientist, professor of mechanics Nikolai Pavlovich Petrov. In 1894, Nikolai graduated from the First Classical Gymnasium and entered the Imperial Military Medical Academy. After graduation in 1898, Nikolai Nikolaevich was left at the Academy for 3 years to prepare for a professorship at the Department of Surgical Pathology, and in 1902 completed his dissertation experimental work for the degree of Doctor of Medicine on the topic: «Tuberculosis of the joints due to injury». After defending his thesis, he was sent for 2 years to further improve in Western Europe, and after returning to St. Petersburg in 1905, N. N. Petrov was elected to the position of privatdozent of the Military Medical Academy. From 1905 to 1912, Nikolai Nikolaevich published about 40 scientific papers, including two fundamental monographs: «The General Doctrine of tumors (pathology and clinic)» (1910) – the first monograph in Russian devoted to oncology, and the monograph «Free Bone plastic Surgery», published in 1912. From 1912 to 1913, he was the Professor of the Hospital Surgical Clinic of the University of Warsaw. From 1913 to 1964, he was the Professor of the Surgical Clinic of the State Institute for Advanced Medical Training. In 1920, N. N. Petrov took an active part in the creation of the first university in the Kuban, especially in the organization of the Faculty of Medicine in Krasnodar. In 1917, N. N. Petrov was elected to the position of the Head of the Department of Hospital Surgery of the Women’s Medical Institute (later the Pavlov First Leningrad Medical Institute, and now the Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University (Pavlov University)), which he headed until 1927. Due to the duty trips, he began to head the Department only in 1921 after returning from the front. In 1921, N. N. Petrov and his family returned to Petrograd. Thanks to the perseverance and high authority of Nikolai Nikolaevich as a surgeon, scientist and health organizer, he managed to achieve the creation of a specialized practical and research oncological center in Leningrad, and on March 15, 1927, the Institute of Oncology was founded, which in 1966 was named after N. N. Petrov. Nikolay Nikolaevich made a significant contribution to the development of experimental oncology thanks to the organization in 1938 of the laboratory of experimental cancer in Sukhumi on the basis of a nursery for monkeys, which was at that time a branch of All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine (VIEM). Nikolay Nikolaevich was the author and co-author of more than 300 scientific papers, more than 50 dissertation studies were carried out under his supervision. His most famous student was F.G. Uglov, who headed the Department of Hospital Surgery of the Pavlov First Leningrad Medical Institute in 1950. For outstanding services to Soviet healthcare and great achievements in medical science, N. N. Petrov was awarded three Orders of Lenin and two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor. Academician Nikolai Nikolaevich Petrov died on March 2, 1964 and was buried at the cemetery in the village of Komarovo near Leningrad.

История жизни и научной деятельности советского микробиолога З. В. Ермольевой в документах российских федеральных архивов

The article analyzes unpublished sources stored in the Russian State Archive of Economics (RGAE), the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF), and the Russian State Archive in Samara (RGA v Samare) to determine the representativeness of these documents in reconstruction of the scientific biography of the Soviet microbiologist Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermolieva (1898-1974). The coronavirus pandemic, which has engulfed all the humanity, has changed the vector of biomedical research subjects. In this regard, one of the important tasks of humanitarian researchers is to update historical knowledge about extreme periods. The task of studying the life and work of Soviet scientists who made a significant contribution to studying epidemic diseases and fighting them seems significant. Scarсity of publications devoted to the activities of Z. V. Ermolyeva means that an extensive layer of unpublished documents remains out of view of researchers. Source analysis, archival heuristics, and historical-comparative method permit to conduct research and to assess the informative value of different types of documents for comprehensive reconstruction of Z. V. Ermolyeva’s scientific fate. In the RGAE, a great number of documents is concentrated in the scientist’s personal fond, its analysis shows that official, scientific, and personal documents are stored there. In addition to text documents, there are photos of Zinaida Vissarionovna with her colleagues in various scientific institutions which are of great interest. Some official documents also provide personal information. In the GARF, documents on this topic are dispersed in different fonds. The fond of the All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine, where Z. V. Ermolyeva worked, contains information on preparation of first Soviet penicillin and launch of its production. The fond of the People's Commissariat of Health of the USSR permits to follow the discussion of her scientific works at its Scientific Medical Council meetings. The documents of the Committee for the Assistance of Scientists under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR help to reconstruct elements of material support provided to Ermolyeva in the 1930s. Among the sources stored in the RGA in Samara, of interest are application documents for inventions, in which Zinaida Vissarionovna participated. They show the scientist as the author of inventions and scientific discoveries. The analysis demonstrates that conjunctive use of documents from federal archives showcase multifaceted activities of the well-known microbiologist.

Chronicle. Volume 32, No. 10-11 (1932)

About the All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine. (Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR). October 15, 1932