All-Ukrainian Academy Of Sciences Research Articles

On the Biography of Olha Andriievska: Based on Materials of the Archival-Investigation Case

The article reveals the main milestones of the biography of O. Andriievska based on materials of the archival-investigation case stored in the Central State Archive of Public Associations and Ukrainica. It is about her socio-political, scientific and charitable activities during the first third of the twentieth century. Emphasis is placed on her work in the institutions of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences). O. Andriievska is a participant of Ukrainian scientific courses conducted by Mykhailo Hrushevskyi and Ivan Franko in Lviv. She was a good friend of the writer Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi. The woman was often engaged in charitable activities: she helped refugees during the First World War, as well as those who suffered deprivation during the Soviet era. She belonged to the Ukrainian Party of Socialists-Federalists, worked as party secretary. In 1919 she joined the Commission for compiling a dictionary of the Ukrainian living language at the First Department of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, where she held various positions. In 1930 O. Andriievska was repressed on trumped-up case, the "Union for the Liberation of Ukraine" (Spilky Vyzvolennia Ukrainy, or SVU).

З КОГОРТИ ОРГАНІЗАТОРІВ НАРОДОЗНАВЧОГО ТА КРАЄЗНАВЧОГО РУХУ: АКАДЕМІК АНДРІЙ ЛОБОДА

The article highlights the scientific and organizational activities of an outstanding scientist, an academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (UAS) (since 1921, the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (UAS), a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, a professor at Kyiv University, an organizer of the national science, folk and local studies movement, a specialist in the fields of ethnography, folkloristics, local history and literature of Andrii Myrofanovych Loboda (1871–1931). Some program works of A. Loboda are analyzed, attention is focused on the scientist’s interpretation of the subject of local history, substantiation of its role in the development of various branches of science, the place of the folklore-ethnographic component in local history, and the formulation of tasks faced by ethnologists of the republic. A. Loboda’s significant contribution to the formation of an organized local history movement in the 20s of the XX century is emphasized: insisting on the need to accelerate the development of the local history movement in Ukraine, leading the activities of the Local History Commission (Kyiv Local History Commission) and the Ethnographic Commission of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, which became one of the most important folklore and ethnographic centers of Ukraine and played an important role in the development of Ukrainian ethnology. Emphasis is placed on the official publications of the commissions. In addition to highlighting the great scientific organizational, editorial and pedagogical work carried out by A. Loboda at the beginning and in the 20s of the 20th century, the directions of his scientific research during this period are also outlined: new phenomena in folklore and folk life, continuation of research with history of national folkloristics and ethnography, close monitoring of folklore and ethnographic processes not only in Ukraine, but also in other republics of the USSR, prompt response to important publications in the field of folklore and ethnography. The author of the article provides suggestions on the possible use of certain aspects of the experience of those years in modern conditions.

Scientific Research on Czech Presence in Ukraine in the 1920s

The purpose of this article is to analyse the scientific work on the study of Ukrainian Czechs in the 1920s. The body of work under analysis is found to highlight the reasons and premises for the growing interest in the state and society as driving issues of Czech colonization of Ukrainian lands. The research stems from the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, local scientists and historians, and public activists. The text deals with the Czech national-cultural revival in Ukraine in the 1920s, discussing the history, economic activity, culture, traditions, and lifestyle of Ukranian Czechs. A significant contribution to the work has been made by Volodymyr Kravchenko, Head of the Ethnographic Department of the Volhynia State Research Museum in Zhytomyr, and his assistant and postgraduate student Nykanor Dmytruk, as well as Kornii Cherviak, Director of the Korosten Museum, Antonín Vodseďálek, Head of the seminar for Czech teachers at the Zhytomyr Education Institute, Stefan Křižánek, writer and inventor from the village of Krošna Česká, and others. This work would not have been possible without the fundamental achievements of Yevhen Rykhlik, a prominent Ukrainian Slavic-scientist of Czech origin as well as a famous philologist, ethnologist, teacher and public figure. Rykhlik founded and directed the Cabinet of National Minorities of Ukraine, carried out a number of expeditions to Czech settlements, collected an archive of the Czech press, organised the collection of materials on Czech colonization of Ukrainian lands, and published scientific articles on the subject. He also contributed to the field with his monograph “Czechs of Volhynia”, which was destroyed in the early 1930s.

Форпости на імперському фронтирі Південної України від середини до кінця XVIII cт.: огляд джерел

The aim of the article is to update, describe and systematize the documents of the fonds «Historical Materials» (F. II) and «The Archives of the St. Elizabeth Fortress» (F. IX), stored in the Institute of Manuscript of V. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine (IM VNLU). The documents relate to the history of outposts on the territory of so-called «Zadniprovsky places», New Serbia, Novoslobidsky Cossack Regiment, Novorossiya Governorate in the middle and the second half of the 18th century. The research methodology involves the use of the principles of historicism and positivism, methods of description, analysis and synthesis, classifi cation and systematization. The scientifi c novelty of the article is due to the high source value of documents refl ecting the structure, composition and activities of outpost teams, as well as the systematization of historiography, which contains introduced into scientifi c circulation documents of research fonds of the IM VNLU in the context of outpost history. Conclusions. These documents refl ect the main aspects of the organization of the outpost service, provide information about the location, subordination, management of outposts, the composition of outpost teams, give a clear idea of their main functions and activities. It can be used as a signifi cant addition to further study of the history of outposts, Haidamaks movement, processes at the border in the middle and the second half of the 18th century. At the same time the fonds of the IM VNLU need further research. In addition to the fonds, analyzed in this article, some documents on the history of outposts on the territory of «Zadniprovsky places», New Serbia, Novoslobidsky Cossack Regiment, Novorossiya Governorate in the middle and the second half of the 18th century potentially can be contained in the following fonds: «Collection of Manuscripts of the Odesa Society of History and Antiquities» (F. V), «Collection of St. Volodymyr’s University» (F. VIII), «The Archive of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences – All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences» (F. X), «Polonska-Vasylenko Natalia Dmytrivna (1884-1973)» (F. 42).   

СТАЛІНСЬКІ РЕПРЕСІЇ КРІЗЬ ПРИЗМУ ДОЛЬ ЗНАЙОМИХ І ДРУЗІВ І. КРИП'ЯКЕВИЧА (ЗА МАТЕРІАЛАМИ ЙОГО МЕМУАРІВ)

The article is based on the materials of the "Biographical Dictionary of My Acquaintances" by a prominent Ukrainian historian, academician I. Krypyakevych (1886-1967), written by him during the Thaw. The source, which is preserved in the Krypyakevych Family Archive, was published by us in 2017. The study highlights the large-scale phenomenon of Stalin’s terror through the prism of the personal dimension of history, "microhistory." The memoirs contain information about the Eastern and Western Ukrainian acquaintances of the Lviv historian, representatives of the national intelligentsia, who were repressed in the 20-40s of the twentieth century. The main stages of repression can be traced to the memoirs: repressions of the 1930s, the victims of which were historians from Soviet Ukraine associated with the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (VUAN), representatives of the "Shot Renaissance", victims of the Sovietization of Western Ukraine and postwar persecution. The victims of Stalin's repressions were representatives of the scientific and creative intelligentsia of Ukraine, public and political figures. Among them were participants in such fabricated cases as the Ukrainian National Center, the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine, the Union of Ukrainian Nationalists, and others. Among I. Krypyakevych’s acquaintances and friends were the following well-known repressed people: Les Kurbas, Mykhailo Boychuk, Yuriy Lypa, Mykola Zerov, Mykola Voronyi, and others. The materials of the "Dictionary…" contribute to the coverage of the tragedy of the Krushelnytsky family, which became a symbol of Soviet terror. The fate of many acquaintances of the academician was intertwined with Solovki. Many of them went through the crucible of the Great Terror of 1937-1938 and finished their lives during the mass executions in the Sandarmokh tract. I. Krypyakevych personally helped the victims of the Soviet regime in every possible way. The article considers the problem of Western Ukrainian emigration to the USSR, traces the main circumstances and motives for the emigration of the Galician intelligentsia to Soviet Ukraine.

АРХІВНІ ФОЛЬКЛОРНО-ЕТНОГРАФІЧНІ ДОКУМЕНТИ – ВАЖЛИВЕ ДЖЕРЕЛО ДЛЯ ВИВЧЕННЯ ЕТНІЧНОЇ ІСТОРІЇ УКРАЇНЦІВ

The article is aimed at the description of unique materials in folklore, ethnography and art studies. They are included into the List of National Acquirement of Ukraine and preserved at the funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine M. Rylskyi Institute for Art Studies, Folkloristics and Ethnology (thereafter – Archives of the Institute). Basing on the principles of historical method and objectivity, general scientific approaches are used, namely analysis and synthesis (during the work with sources and literature), the method of reconstruction and others. A wide publishing activities of the scholars in the use of archival materials for the accomplishment of state planned scientific tasks, the development of the studies in local history and tourism are described for the first time. The processes of interest in local cultures, search for own identity have been increased in the world of globalization. These facts excite the eminent interest in the study of spirituality, preservation of historical memory. The processes, caused by the search for own roots by the population, that has sustained enforced resettlement from the flooded villages in the 1960s, are analyzed for the first time. They are connected with the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR «On the Measures concerning the Resettlement of the Population and Transportation of the Premises and Buildings to New Places in the connection with the Erection of Kaniv Hydroelectric Power Plant». It is only one of six storage reservoirs, which has engulfed over 20 villages. An issue of the improvement of conditions for the preservation and publication of the materials, which have over-significant importance in the system of national culture, is considered. The material, collected purposefully by the scientists and correspondents of the Ethnographic Commission of All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences according to the specialized programs in the 1920s–1930s, is inestimable and significant for the study of everyday culture. Attention is paid to the use of the manuscript heritage (Archives of the Institute) as the main source in numerous scientific works by the scholars of Ukraine and other countries. The necessity of improvement of publishing point of the archival materials with the aim of preservation and popularization of spiritual values for the integration of Ukrainian civil society and preservation of historical memory is emphasized.

Archive Card Index vs. Transkribus: machine recognition of handwritten text

The subject of the research is machine recognition of handwritten materials of the Archival Card Index (ACI) — lexical and phraseological materials of the dictionary commission of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, in particular, card index of the “Russian-Ukrainian dictionary” 1924–1933 ed. A. Krymsky and S. Yefremov. The study of the ACI should be considered in the context of cultural and national revival in Ukraine in the 20th — early 21st centuries. The relevance and value of the ACI became a prerequisite for the transfer of its materials to the digital format. In 2018 the Institute of Ukrainian Language of the NAS of Ukraine created a computer system “Archival Card Index”, which accessibles materials primarily in the form of scanned images. The problem that needs urgent resolution is the transfer of handwriting to a typewriter format. The complexity of manual recognition, which requires considerable effort and time, encourages the study and application of Transkribus resource capabilities, which involves the use of the machine teaching. The Aim of the study is to clarify by analyzing, systematizing, classifying and describing the material features of the preparation of ACI cards for machine processing of texts. The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time, the issue of providing the HTR engine with ACI training data (loading to the platform, segmenting images into lines and text areas, transcribing content each page). The main result is finding out the content of the preparatory stage, the tasks of which are to eliminate the flaws of automatic segmentation: non-text elements, non-substantial text elements, incorrect automatic detection of text region or line. The prospects of lexicographic toloka (crowdsourcing) in the process of card recognition are outlined, for which it is envisaged to use collective access to the collection of transcribed documents in Transkribus. To recognize the cards manually and for the future check and adjustment of automatically recognized ones, you can join the new project “All-Ukrainian Toloka: Archival Card Index” — online platform on the website “ACI”.

D. I. Abramovych’s Activity in the Commission on Old Ukrainian Literature of All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences through a Prism of Epistolary Documents

D. I. Abramovych’s Activity in the Commission on Old Ukrainian Literature of All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences through a Prism of Epistolary Documents

Letters of the Archaeologist V. Ye. Kozlovska to the Regional Researcher S. L. Drozdov (According to the Archive of the National Museum of History of Ukraine)

In the archives of The National Museum of History of Ukraine in the fund No. 4 (K. V. Bolsunovskyi) there are personal documents of the famous local historian and museum figure Stepan Leontiiovych Drozdov, among them — five letters of the famous archaeologist Valeria Yevhenivna Kozlovska. This correspondence is a fragment of V. Ye. Kozlovska’s archive, part of which is now outside Ukraine, or is scattered across the personal archives of Ukrainian scientists who were a part of V. Ye. Kozlovska’s circle of contacts and have not yet been introduced into scientific circulation. Therefore, each new revealed letter of V. Ye. Kozlovska has a significant scientific value as a source for the biography of this outstanding personality and scientist. The earliest of V. Ye. Kozlovska’s letters to S. L. Drozdov is dated by June 14, 1916; there was mentioned the evacuation of the Kyiv Art, Industrial and Scientific Museum collections during the First World War. The next four letters concerned the activities of the expedition of the All-Ukrainian Archaeological Committee in 1929 in Bilotserkivshchyna. In addition to V. Ye. Kozlovska — the head of the expedition, it included F. M. Ivanov and J. F. Maslun — employees of the Bilotserkivskyi District Archaeological and Ethnographic Museum, V. A. Mazur — an employee of the T. Shevchenko All-Ukrainian Historical Museum, a draftsman (whose surname is not mentioned in the letters) and a certain Mykola Mykhailovych was also mentioned in the letters — obviously M. M. Tkachenko — an employee of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and the husband of V. Ye. Kozlovska. In a letter dated by May 14, 1929, V. Ye. Kozlovska appealed to S. L. Drozdov with a proposal to conduct joint excavations of the All-Ukrainian Archaeological Committee and the Bila Tserkva Museum. In a letter dated by September 22, 1929, V. Ye. Kozlovska informed S. L. Drozdov that she would be able to arrive to Didivshchyna village not earlier than in September 28. The place of writing the letter dated by October 3, 1929 is the corner of Zalissia in Didivshchyna village. The letter mentions the arrival of S. L. Drozdov for excavations, finds of an iron knife and two male burials, packing archaeological finds in boxes. V. Ye. Kozlovska also asked S. L. Drozdov to find in Bila Tserkva a technique for drawing excavation plans. In the letter dated by October 18, 1929 there was informed about the packing of a cut-out of the hearth of the stove from the investigated dwelling and about V. Ye. Kozlovska’s intention to come to Bila Tserkva in November 1 for ready-made drawings of the excavations.

Позитивні та дискусійні аспекти земельно-правової творчості О.С. Доброва

The article is devoted to the land and legal creativity of a member of the Commission for the Study of Customary Law of Ukraine, established in 1921 at the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, O.S. Dobrov, in particular the peculiarities of the introduction into the mechanism of legal regulation of the then land relations of local customs. As a positive point, the proposed expansion of the historical period of existence of domestic land law, starting from the XVI century. It is stated that modern Ukrainian representatives of legal science have overlooked this fact. A debatable point in the work of O.S. Dobrov is an insufficiently substantiated proposal to apply local customs in land law through the prism of their compliance with the principle of compliance with the Civil Code of compliance with the socio-economic purpose of any civil rights of citizens called to implement solely to develop productive forces. Attention is drawn to the insufficient elaboration of empirical material by the scientist, because the illogical substitution of the basic private law principle of formation of civil rights in order to satisfy private interests on the purely public law principle of achieving state interests ultimately leads to complete leveling of customary land law. Keywords: land law, local customs, customary land law norms, public interests, private interests

Значення діяльності академіка Є.П. Вотчала (1864–1937) В УАН-ВУАН-АН УСРР/УРСР

Значення діяльності академіка Є.П. Вотчала (1864–1937) В УАН-ВУАН-АН УСРР/УРСР

«ВІДДАЛЕННЯ Й НЕВИГОДИ ТРАМВАЙНОГО РУХУ ДУЖЕ ПЕРЕШКОДЖАЮТЬ ОДВІДУВАННЮ НАУКОВИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ…»: ПОЖИЛЬЦІ КИЄВО-ПЕЧЕРСЬКОЇ ЛАРВИ 1920-х — ПОЧАТКУ 1930-х рр.

The article deals with the (re)construction of tenant structure of the nationalized living quarters on Kyiv-Pechersk monastery area during 1920s — early 1930s, primarily persons associated with museums and/or the AllUkrainian Academy of Sciences. Their living conditions are outlined. The dependence of the local contingent both from the change of indirect owners of the buildings, (re)subordination of the territory, the formation, restructuring, liquidation of institutions, and from the processes of urbanization, which objectively caused the housing crisis in the USSR is elucidated. Well-known intellectuals of the interwar period lived in the former monastery buildings — archaeologists Petro Kurinnyi and Mykhailo Rudynskyi, an art critic Kost Moshchenko, a restorer Mykola Kasperovych, a cooperation connoisseur Ivan Oleksiiev, etc. The living conditions of Kyiv-Pechersk Preserve dwellers, including white-collar workers, were not ideal during 1920s and early 1930s. The distance of the apartments from the city center made access to research institutions (academic departments, book and museum collections) difficult. Almost everyone faced commonplace problems and trials: adaptation of monastery spaces, current repairs, furnishing of houses, humidity and low temperatures during the autumn-winter period, lack of heating, water supply, drainage, electricity, and other utilities, etc. Besides, Pechersk, the city suburb, was quite dangerous, the local population was often robbed. Families with children faced additional difficulties — providing access to educational institutions. The main part of Kyiv-Pechersk Preserve tenants–intellectuals were newcomers from other cities and towns. Therefore, museum workers and academics changed their apartments quite easily, not only within the so-called Citadel, 9 (Kyiv-Pechersk Preserve) in Kyiv but also within the country.

The study of mites and ticks in Ukraine (historical and bibliographic excursion)

In the Ukrainian Entomological society, there is a department that does not study insects. Its members are interested in the insects’ distant relatives, the subphylum Chelicerata, which though less diverse than insects, play a significant role in the economies of nature and humankind. A special place belongs to mites, which are a subject of acarological research. In fact, the economical factors caused this direction of research to develop into a full-fledged science, kindred to parasitology, entomology, epidemiology and other sciences. Contemporary acarology has its own objects and methods of research. It started developing at the territory of today Ukraine as early as in XIX century by efforts of scientists of neighbor countries. At the turn of the XX century, first publications appeared of bloodsucking ticks parasitizing cattle and carrying pathogens, and of plant pests. In 1918–1919, when All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (AUAS) was established, the faunal studies and applied research progressed too. In 1930, the Institute of zoology and biology of AUAS was established and consolidated the efforts of Ukrainian specialists aimed at studying ixodid ticks, which remained in the focus of parasitological studies in 1942–1943, when the Institute was in evacuation in Bashkiria. There, the employees of the Institute studied the transmission of encephalomyelitis of horses by ticks. After the return to Kyiv the Institute continued these studies, resulting in a volume of the edition “Fauna of Ukraine”, on ixodid ticks. In 1968, the first in Ukraine laboratory of acarology was established in the Institute, which in ten years has become a department of acarology, and a center of acarological research. In 1970, the specialists of that laboratory together with representatives of other specialized institutions (from several universities, and from Nikitsky Botanical Garden, Yalta and Odesa cities, and Zakarpattia) organized the Second All-Union Acarological Conference. The Conference shaped the further development of acarological studies, mostly focusing on the applied research of economically important taxa. The acarologists were successful in expeditions, taking samples for collections, the laboratory and industrial cultures of economically important species. Especially significant results were achieved using complex methods. Thus, in Kyiv the research touched upon the spider mites and their acarophagous enemies, utilized in a biological method of pest control, and also on storage mite pests, on predator and parasitic cheyletids, on oribatids, and free-living and parasitic gamasid mites and ixodid ticks, on the bee parasites of the genus Varroa, etc. In the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, complex research was conducted on the plant pest mites. Interesting studies were done in the universities and scientific institutions of Odesa, Lviv, Uzhorod, Donetsk, etc. All of that resulted in the increase of knowledge (published in monographs, papers and designs), and in the growing expertise of the specialists (more than 50 Candidates and Doctors of Science). Results of these works were highly appreciated by the community and given the recognition of the State Award.

«Holy doctor» Feofil Gavrylovych Janovskiy: the thorny path to the heights (To the 90th anniversary from the date of death)

Classic domestic clinical medicine academician Theophil Gavrilovich Yanovsky was one of the leaders of the therapeutic elite, established in Russia in the first decades of the XX century. He was famous for his diagnostic skills. So, probably the first of Russian doctors, he put a lifetime diagnosis of pulmonary infarction and described the smell of rotten hay from a patient with tuberculosis and konjunktivalnyj symptom in typhus typhoid. Along with V. P Obraztsov, he created the third scientific center of domestic therapy at the Kiev University of St. Vladimir - after the Military medical Academy in St. Petersburg and the Moscow University. He owns notable scientific works on the problems of bacteriology, tuberculosis, functional diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease, pathology of the digestive system, on improving the methods of direct study of the patient. As an outstanding specialist in resort treatment (at sea, Alpine and local resorts) he was well known not only in Russia but also in Europe. The first of the Soviet clinicians, he was elected academician (in the all-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences). He created a large and bright clinical school; among his students are academicians VN. Ivanov (Kiev), V. H. Vasilenko and B. E. Votchal (Moscow). However, the main reason for the extraordinary popularity of the doctor Was the extremely attractive appearance of this doctor; his life and death became a worthy completion of the national tradition of medical asceticism, the emergence of which is usually associated with the name Of the Moscow “Saint doctor”. The judge of the honor Society of physicians, F. G. Janowski was ready at any time of the day to reliably and free of charge to treat the whole city, and when he died, the whole of Kiev came out to bury him - with white lilies and the funeral service of the Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant and Jewish rites. More so not buried doctors in Russia.

Danylo Zabolotny Activity as a Chief of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (AUAS)

The article deals with the activities of the outstanding domestic epidemiologist D. Zabolotny as a president of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. He headed this institution only for a year and a half, but during this time a new edition of its charter was developed and adopted. Despite the illness, the head of the Academy of Sciences constantly carried out field visits that helped to determine the list of the most urgent problems and deal with them in the AUAS. The opening of the Institute of Microbiology and Virology at the Academy in the summer of 1928 was a significant achievement of the scientist. D. Zabolotny personally supervised the staffing policy, involving young scientists to work at the Academy.This contributed to the emergence of scientific schools. Thanks to his efforts, the material and technical base of the AUAS and its provision with scientific literature have been significantly improved. The conclusion was drawn that the importance of D. Zabolotny's activity as a chief of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences was primarily in the great organizational work aimed at establishing a close connection between theory and practice, the compliance of scientific knowledge with demands of the times.

Науково-організаційна діяльність академіка К.Г. Воблого у контексті становлення та розвитку Української академії наук (Всеукраїнської академії наук)

Науково-організаційна діяльність академіка К.Г. Воблого у контексті становлення та розвитку Української академії наук (Всеукраїнської академії наук)

Academician of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences Y. Y. Kosonohov as Remembered by His Colleagues and Students and on Photographs (Based on Documents of the Archival Institute of the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine)

Academician of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences Y. Y. Kosonohov as Remembered by His Colleagues and Students and on Photographs (Based on Documents of the Archival Institute of the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine)

Ukrainian (All-Ukrainian) Academy of Sciences in terms of state and political transformations in 1918 – 1923

On a basis of analysis of documentary sources it is traced the status of the Ukrainian Academy of Science – All-Ukrainian Academy of Science under different political regimes that were in power within the given period. Frist of all, it is about the limits of self-governance of the Academy, about support, or vice versa, the restrictions of traditional academic freedoms by the government. Here it is noted that the state administration of science, scientific activities, and therefore of the Academy of Sciences is not identical with the concept of "governmentalisation" in negative terms. Research shows that the state government, whatever there is its social and political orientation, does not leave science out of its interests. And vice versa, scientists as subjects of scientific work did not imagene their activities out of the interests of the state, society with its requests. General conclusion is next: despite difficulties of objective and subjective character, founders of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences laid in basis of its concept the principles that have still remained viable.

ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ В.М. ПЕРЕТЦА ЩОДО ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ІСТОРИКО-КУЛЬТУРНИХ ПАМ’ЯТОК (ЗА МАТЕРІАЛАМИ ЕПІСТОЛЯРІЮ ВЧЕНОГО)

In the article based on the analysis of the epistolary of the eminent literature historian, linguist, art critic, academician of the St. Petersburg as well as All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences V. M. Peretz, the scientist’s activity in preserving Ukrainian historical and cultural heritage is presented. The source of the study has become the correspondence, which is preserved in the collections of the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, between V. M. Peretz and literary critic, academician and vice-president of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences S. O. Yefremov, and the historian, orientalist, academician and constant secretary of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences A. Ye. Krymskyi. Here is also revealed the role of academician V. M. Peretz, who was one of the founders and chairman of the Society of Researchers of Ukrainian History, Literature and Language in Leningrad, in the return of the Ukrainian national relics from Russia to Ukraine. Special attention is paid to the V. M. Peretz’s activity in organizing the transportation from Leningrad to Kiev of the unique collection of the well-known collector, art critic, and active member of the Society of Researchers of Ukrainian History, Literature and Language in Leningrad V. O. Shchavynskyi. The article also covers V. M. Peretz’s activities on preservation and promotion of the scientific heritage by Professor V. O. Shchavynskyi, who was the author of scientific articles about the techniques of Taras Shevchenko’s ancient Russian painting and graphic works. The publication shows the way V. M. Peretz participated in organizing the negotiations between the General of artillery, military historian, art critic, active member of the Society of Researchers of Ukrainian History, Literature and Language in Leningrad, P. P. Pototskyi, and the chairman of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and the Board of Scientific Institutions of the National Commissariat of Education of the Ukrainian RSR concerning the decision on the contract about the donation of the P. Pototskyi’s collection to Ukraine. The article emphasizes V. M. Peretz’s wish to create a positive image of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences as the national center, which brings together researchers in Ukrainian history and collectors of national relics. Here is highlighted V. M. Peretz’s activity in compiling the collection of the ancient books and manuscripts, most of which were of the Ukrainian origin, that proves special scientist’s interest to Ukraine, its history and culture. Special attention is paid to the fact that V. M. Peretz sought out and purchased Ukrainian historical and literary manuscripts he required for his research aiming to further transmit them to scientific and cultural institutions of Ukraine. The article concludes that V. M. Peretz’s painstaking work associated with searching and writing up the Ukrainian ancient books and manuscripts is a significant contribution of the scientist in the development of Ukrainian culture and science.

The fate of the archives of the Kiev Institute of Jewish Proletarian Culture: puzzles and discoveries

The Kiev Institute of Jewish (from the early 1930s “Proletarian”) Culture (Institut Evreiskoi Proletarskoi Kul'tury, IEPK), based at the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (UAS), was one of two such organisations in the inter-war period. This article discusses the fate of its archive, a rich source that included material from Leningrad and elsewhere, in the wake of two interventions; firstly, its sudden closure in 1936 by the Soviet authorities and, secondly, the Nazi occupation of Kiev in the Second World War. As a consequence, the archive was scattered to the winds, ending up in two continents.