All-Russian Congress Research Articles

Первый комментарий к докладам Л. С. Выготского на II Всероссийском съезде по психоневрологии в Петрограде (январь 1924 г.)

<p>At the Second All-Russian Congress on Psychoneurology in Petrograd (January 1924), Vygotsky delivered three papers. The first paper (“Methodology of Reflexological and Psychological Research”), was printed separately, but the text of the other two reports (“How Psychology Should Be Taught Now” and “Results of a Questionnaire on the Moods of Students of the Graduating Classes of the Gomel Schools in 1923”) has not survived. A brief account of these two reports, which appeared in the magazine Krasnaya Nov’ in 1924, is reprinted here for the first time. The author was the revolutionary M.I. Ginzburg (1877-1940), a researcher at the Moscow Psychological Institute in the mid-1920s. He wrote under the pseudonym G. Dayan. Ginzburg-Dayan was severely criticised in 1935 on charges of Trotskyism.</p>

Formation of the Youth Union (Komsomol) in Kyrgyzstan in the 10-20s of the XX Century

On the initiative of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), in July 1918, the Organizing Bureau was created to convene a youth congress. On October 29, 1918, the First Congress of the All-Russian Congress of Workers’ Peasant Youth Unions opened in Moscow. He discussed reports from the field, approved the Charter and the main theses of the Komsomol Program. In the theses, emphasizing the solidarity of the Russian Communist Youth Union (RCYU) and the RCP(b), the congress formulated the goals of the Komsomol: active participation in the propaganda of the idea of ​​communism, the involvement of worker and peasant youth in active Soviet construction; determined the forms and methods of cultural and educational work among young people, etc.

How to make classroom reading interesting for students?

The oral presentation titled «Experimental study of classroom reading» was given by methodologist and wordsmith Ts. P. Baltalon at the 2nd All-Russian Congress of Pedagogical Psychology in St. Petersburg in 1909. In the published paper, the author presented himself as a researcher of school psychology. This study was focused on the school student’s reading interests. The study was conducted using a survey among 1600 respondents of different ages and different types of schools. It allowed the author to draw a conclusion about school students’ reading preferences and correlate them with the content of educational chrestomathies for classroom (program) reading. This study allowed the author to conclude that the composition of school chrestomathy neither in content nor in genres of the proposed texts does not meet the reader’s interests of the school students. Baltalon proposed to replace the chrestomathy with pamphlets of artistic and popular science content, reading and in-depth study of which should make classroom reading an interesting activity for school students. In order for this to take place, teachers and publishers need to work together. The purpose of the article is to present the concept of educational reading by Ts. P. Baltalon and briefly describe its main provisions.

Эволюция репрессивной политики большевиков в 1920–1924 гг. на примере Кубано–Черноморской области

The change of power in October 1917 in Russia led to an increase in confrontation in society, ex-pressed both in an open military conflict - the Civil War, and in the growth of political radicalism. Any government in relation to its opponents - in this case, counter-revolutionaries, conspirators, rebels - reserves the right to use legal violence, which reflects one of the main functions of the state. The problem of red terror, like white terror, in turn, is at the intersection of the concepts of law and lawlessness, since they were carried out by the state in the form of lynchings and repris-als, which included innocent citizens. The V All-Russian Congress of Soviets ensured the legaliza-tion of the legal policy of the Bolsheviks. The regime of power established in October 1917 passed into the status of legitimate, and the formed state bodies received the right to legally implement all functions available to the state, including receiving a monopoly on violence. The problems of the transition period from war communism to NEP, accompanied by extra-legal methods, mani-fested themselves most clearly in the Cossack south of Soviet Russia, which differed in class, na-tional composition and special land use conditions.

Обсуждение проблем современной биоэтики на III Всероссийском конгрессе молодых ученых (Сириус, 28–30 ноября 2023 г.)

The III All-Russian Congress of Young Scientists was held in Sirius in the autumn of 2023. The program of the Con-gress included the section «Scientific search and ethical and legal issues of research activities», which gathered a large number of partici-pants. Interestingly, Vladimir Mikhailovich Filippov, Chairman of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Valery Nikolaevich Falkov, Minister of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Mikhail Albertovich Murashko, Minister of Health of the Russian Federation, Alexander Leonidovich Khokhdov, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chairman of the Council on Ethics of Clinical Research of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, took part in the work of the section. and others. It should be noted that academician A.L. Khokhlov in November 2023 He presented the position of the Russian scientific community on bioethics at the 42nd session of the UNESCO General Conference in Paris, thanks to which Russia resumed its membership in the Intergovernmental Committee on Bioethics of UNESCO. The moderator of the section was Maria Vladimirovna Vorontsova, a pediatric endocrinologist, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Fundamental Medicine of Moscow State University, member of the Academic Council of Moscow State University. The moderator outlined the problem that the section was devoted to. It can be summarized as follows: 1. All scientific research is governed by law and morality. The law acts unambiguously, and the need for an ethical assessment is always presented, especially in the scientific field, which has not yet received legal support 2. An important issue, therefore, is the question of the ethical examination of scientific research. There are different types of re-search in modern biomedicine and, of course, modification of ethical examination procedures is necessary. Here we will focus on the most important issues discussed at the section meeting.

Всероссийский съезд психологических служб в системе образования Российской Федерации как единое пространство, объединяющее профессионалов

<p style="text-align: justify;">The article highlights the key events and results of the All-Russian Congress of Psychological Services in the Education system of the Russian Federation on December 8-9, 2023. The content and directions of the work of the plenary session, panel discussion, workshops and expert sessions held within the framework of the Congress are described. Among the most urgent issues are the actualization of the Concept of the development of psychological services and the professional standard “Educational psychologist (psychologist in the field of education)”; the role of a teacher-psychologist in the formation of a favorable socio-psychological climate in educational groups and the psychological safety of the educational environment; psychological and pedagogical support for students with disabilities, etc. Following the results of the All-Russian Congress, there was made a decision defining the prospects for the development of the Service and priority areas of activity. Decisions for execution have been sent by the Ministry of Education to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.</p>

Нормотворчество в деятельности органов судейских сообществ

The bodies of the judicial community enjoy well-deserved authority in society and the professional environment, whose tasks include not only resolving problems related to the administration of justice, but also improving the entire mechanism of the judiciary. The central bodies in which the accumulated practical experience of judicial work is accumulated are the All-Russian Congress of Judges and the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation. The transformation of the mechanism of judicial power is carried out by the federal bodies of the judiciary through the implementation of rule-making competence, one of the manifestations of which is participation in the legislative process.

Abstracts of the XI All-Russian Congress «Pulmonary Hypertension – 2023» December 14-15, 2023

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Problems of the Art Industry in the Materials of the All-Russian Congress of Artists (1911–1912)

This article examines the activity of the Art Industry and Handicrafts Department at the All-Russian Congress of Artists (1911–1912, St Petersburg). The congress delegates, including S. S. Goloushev, M. N. Dietrich, P. S. J. Marcerou, L. G. Orshansky, P. P. Pashkov, N. F. Root, P. S. Filosofov, A. P. Eisner and others, possessed considerable expertise in the organisation of art and industrial educational institutions and handicraft industries. They were highly knowledgeable about the nuances of decorative and applied art and had a keen understanding of folk art and the developments that occurred within the Western European art industry. The Proceedings of the All-Russian Congress of Artists in Petrograd, December 1911–January 1912 (in 3 vols, 1915) contains a wealth of information pertaining to specific crafts (ceramic, lace, carpentry, etc.), the lives and work of artisans, the characteristics of the market and the training system for master craftspeople. In addition to the reports, discussions were published that enabled the identification of the relevance of the issues raised and the inconsistency of the approaches proposed to address them. Despite differing opinions on individual issues, common positions were developed. The participants of the event considered it crucial to maintain the national identity of artisanal products while widely promoting folk art through exhibitions, museum displays and printed publications. They also emphasised the importance of communicating to local officials the necessity of providing comprehensive support to crafts. Furthermore, they highlighted the necessity of imparting artistic literacy to artisans and involving experienced artists and educators who possessed a comprehensive understanding of the nuances associated with handicrafts in their collaboration with artisans. Simultaneously, the speakers perceived no potential for artistic design and attempted to differentiate mass industrial products from handicrafts. During the Soviet era, several congress participants would persist in their endeavours and would vigorously promote the advancement of handicrafts in the context of evolving socio-economic circumstances.

IX All-Russian Congress of Forensic medicine with international participation «Forensic medical science and expert practice: objectives, ways of improvement at the present stage»

IX All-Russian Congress of Forensic medicine with international participation «Forensic medical science and expert practice: objectives, ways of improvement at the present stage»

The All-Russian Congress of Learned Monasticism at the Moscow Theological Academy in 1917

The All-Russian Congress of Learned Monasticism at the Moscow Theological Academy in 1917

Spectrum of sensitization to aeroallergens as one of the risk factors for uncontrolled severe asthma

BACKGROUND: Asthma is considered one of the urgent medical and social problems of the XXI century. In recent years, not only an increase in the incidence, but also an increase in the prevalence of severe forms of asthma has been noted in all countries of the world. The effect of the sensitization spectrum on the severity and level of asthma control has not been studied enough.
 AIM: Evaluate the importance of sensitization spectrum to aeroallergens in severe asthma patients as indicators for disease exacerbation risk.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single-center cross-sectional study at North-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov. Examined 93 severe asthma patients. Analysis covered demographic traits, comorbidities, hereditary history, living conditions, exacerbations, past-year hospitalizations, medications, spirometry, and specific IgE presence for 10 aeroallergens.
 RESULTS: Aspergillus fumigatus specific IgE notably impacted asthma control. Disease exacerbation risk was 8.4 times higher with A. fumigatus sensitization. Multivariate logistic regression revealed higher risk with A. fumigatus sensitization (4.79), fixed obstruction (6.2), systemic steroids use (5.85), indoor mold exposure (4.45), and familial asthma history (2.53).
 CONCLUSION: A. fumigatus sensitization significantly influences asthma course and control, worsening prognosis. Targeted examination of patients measuring sIgE levels for common aeroallergens is necessary to identify control obstacles. The results of the study were previously reported at the All-Russian Congress on Medical Microbiology, Clinical Mycology and Immunology and published in the form of abstracts in the journal Problems in medical mycology, 2022, Vol. 24, No 2.

ПЕРВЫЙ ВСЕРОССИЙСКИЙ СЪЕЗД ЗАВЕДУЮЩИХ АДМИНИСТРАТИВНЫМИ ОТДЕЛАМИ ГУБЕРНСКИХ, ОБЛАСТНЫХ И ОКРУЖНЫХ ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫХ КОМИТЕТОВ 1925 Г. (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ «АДМИНИСТРАТИВНОГО ВЕСТНИКА»)

The article on the basis of publications in the monthly journal «Administrative Bulletin» (No. 3 for 1925) highlights the issues considered at the First All-Russian Congress of Heads of Administrative Departments of Provincial, Regional and District Executive Committees, held in January-February 1925. the second is about the relationship between local administrative bodies, their relations with central bodies, the organization of the work of the apparatus and reporting; the third is the organization and methods of combating crime, including the need to strengthen the fight against crime in the village. The decisions taken at the Congress are given.

Training of teaching stuff for the system of preschool education in the Tambov region in the 1920s–1930s

One of the central problems with the formation and development of the system of preschool education was an acute shortage of teaching staff in the country generally and locally. This paper considers the issue of training teaching staff for preschool institutions in the Tambov region in the 1920s–1930s, the activities of governorate and uyezd preschool subdivisions in this regard: the organization of courses and clubs, the availability of educational institutions to train specialists in preschool education, suggested training programs. We showed the direct dependence of changes in the training of teaching staff for the system of preschool education of the region on changes in the political situation in the country, on the decisions of the All-Russian Congresses on preschool education.

22nd All-Russian congress with international participation “Emergency Aid-2023”

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Report on the work of the XII All-Russian Congress of Traumatologists and Orthopedists (December 1–3, 2022, Moscow)

The XII All-Russian Congress of Traumatology and Orthopedics took place in Moscow on December 13, 2022. The main goal of the Congress was to review innovative approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal system injuries and diseases by leading specialists, scientific researchers and practicing orthopedic traumatologists and orthopedists.

Первый Всероссийский съезд египтологов

The paper is timed to the 200th anniversary of the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs by J.-F. Champollion and is dedicated to a century-old event - the First All-Russian Congress of Egyptologists in Moscow. The 1920s were a real trial for the young Russian Egyptology: many scientists of both older and younger generations died or left the country; contacts with West European colleagues were broken; there was an acute shortage of specialized scientific literature; and all this developed on the background of a difficult economic situation in the country struggling for survival. The situation can be best described by the words attributed to the People’s Commissar for Education A.V. Lunacharsky: “Currently, the young Soviet Republic does not need Egyptologists”. Undoubtedly, the First All-Russian Congress of Egyptologists became an important moment for the formation of the scientific Egyptological community in the Soviet Russia. It was convened on August 17-20, 1922 on the initiative of the All-Russian Scientific Association of Oriental Studies and the Central Institute of Oriental Studies in Moscow. The meetings of the congress were held in the Museum of Fine Arts (now the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts) and the Moscow Archaeological Society. The events of the congress (list of participants and reports, resolutions) are reconstructed by the authors of the present paper on the basis of available sources. They show that despite all the difficulties, Egyptology in Russia at that time was actively developing branch and an interest in the culture of Ancient Egypt could be seen in the society. The authors also publish a previously unknown letter from the Petrograd Egyptologist Natalia Davydovna Flittner to the founder of the Berlin school of Egyptology Adolf Erman in which she describes the celebrations of the 100th anniversary of the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs in Petrograd and Moscow, and also gives a general description of the development of Russian Egyptology of that time.

Party Composition of Regional Authorities in the First Year of the Soviet Era

The article examines the problem of reconstruction of the party composition of the regional authorities of the RSFSR in March — July 1918. The source base of the work is statistical data collected by Soviet researchers, periodical press materials, as well as documents from the State Archive of the Russian Federation. The author studies the party composition of the Soviet authorities at two institutional levels: regional and provincial. The territorial scope of the article is limited to the regions of the European part of Russia (including most of the Urals), where the Soviet power existed in the first half of 1918. This article makes quantitative calculations of delegates of regional congresses of councils and members of executive committees. Based on the analysis of data on the party membership of congresses of Soviets and executive committees, the author comes to the conclusion about the formation of the dual party system in regional and provincial authorities by the time of the convocation of the V All-Russian Congress of Soviets. This process was characterized by a significant reduction in the representation of socialist parties other than the Bolsheviks and their temporary allies from the party of the Left Socialist Revolutionaries. The author of the article analyzes the dynamics of the representation of political parties at the provincial institutional levels of the Soviet state in the first half of 1918. Changes in the party composition of regional Soviet authorities consisted in increasing the share of the Left socialist revolutionaries in provincial executive committees and reducing the representation of the Bolshevik party.

Съезды военного духовенства Румынского фронта в Яссах в 1917 году

The article studies the practice of congresses of the Orthodox military clergy in 1917. To discuss their work in new social and political conditions, the priests gathered at the level of divisions, corps, and armies. Adoption of general decisions required more representative meetings: in the spring and summer of 1917, congresses of the military clergy of the South-Western, Romanian, Western, and Northern fronts were held, and in July 1917, the Second All-Russian Congress of the Military and Naval Clergy was held in Mogilev. Studying minutes of the front-line congresses identifies issues that bothered priests serving in military units and institutions of various fronts of the Russian army and proposed solutions for urgent problems. The study is to consider the work of the congresses of the military clergy of the Romanian Front and to determine their place among congresses of the military clergy in 1917. To that end, the main decisions have been analyzed and compared with the decisions of other meetings. The article also discusses an attempt to increase the number of representatives of the front in Mogilev, explaining the reasons for its failure. The participants in the military clergy congresses of the Romanian front expressed interests of a fairly large number of priests: as of May 1917, approximately 410 pastors served in the military units and institutions of the young front. At the first congress (May 15–16, 1917) of the clergy of the Romanian front, most important (according to delegates) issues were discussed: state of the army, measures of its improvement, delegation of front priests to the All-Russian Congress of the Military and Naval Clergy, support for the dismissed clergy, representation in the Synod, etc. The second congress (June 25, 1917) convened to elect delegates to Mogilev. The source base of the study is documents from the fonds of the Russian State Historical Archive: minutes of the congresses of clergy of the Romanian, Western, South-Western, Northern fronts, minutes of the Second All-Russian Congress of the Military and Naval Clergy, telegrams, reports, and other documents concerning the protopresbyter’s office. Data on the work of the congresses of clergy of the Romanian front is being introduced into scientific use for the first time.

Юридическая хроника

X All-Russian Congress of Judges - New Year’s set of sanctions - Amendments to the institute of surrogate motherhood - Elon Musk and Crusade against Digital Censorship