All-Russian Congress Of Soviets Research Articles

Party Composition of Regional Authorities in the First Year of the Soviet Era

The article examines the problem of reconstruction of the party composition of the regional authorities of the RSFSR in March — July 1918. The source base of the work is statistical data collected by Soviet researchers, periodical press materials, as well as documents from the State Archive of the Russian Federation. The author studies the party composition of the Soviet authorities at two institutional levels: regional and provincial. The territorial scope of the article is limited to the regions of the European part of Russia (including most of the Urals), where the Soviet power existed in the first half of 1918. This article makes quantitative calculations of delegates of regional congresses of councils and members of executive committees. Based on the analysis of data on the party membership of congresses of Soviets and executive committees, the author comes to the conclusion about the formation of the dual party system in regional and provincial authorities by the time of the convocation of the V All-Russian Congress of Soviets. This process was characterized by a significant reduction in the representation of socialist parties other than the Bolsheviks and their temporary allies from the party of the Left Socialist Revolutionaries. The author of the article analyzes the dynamics of the representation of political parties at the provincial institutional levels of the Soviet state in the first half of 1918. Changes in the party composition of regional Soviet authorities consisted in increasing the share of the Left socialist revolutionaries in provincial executive committees and reducing the representation of the Bolshevik party.

Electoral Manipulations of the RCP(b) During the Elections to the V All-Russian Congress of Soviets

The process of electing delegates to the V All-Russian Congress of Soviets in July 1918 was an important event of the first year of Soviet power in Russia, since the fate of the foreign and domestic policies of the revolutionary state depended on the decision of this representative forum. The study of the election of delegates to this Congress has been conducted only sporadically, as earlier scholars considered some examples of electoral manipulations of the RCP(b) and showed the political interaction of parties in regional Soviets. However, a detailed study of the election process to the Congress of Soviets in the context of the Bolsheviks’ electoral manipulations has not yet been carried out. The novelty of this study concludes in the comprehensive analysis of the electoral manipulations of the RCP(b) during the process of electing delegates to the Congress, as well as in reviewing the activities of the credentials committee of this congress. Numerous archival documents show that representatives of the Bolshevik Party controlled the process of electing delegates to the Congress, which was expressed in the direction of the co-opted delegates from local RCP(b) organizations to the Congress and in refusal to many left Social Revolutionaries in obtaining mandates with the right to vote. These electoral manipulations were carried out both by the local party leaders of the RCP(b) and by the leadership of the Bolshevik Party. As a result of the study, it was found that in some cases the credentials committee of the Congress of Soviets acted in accordance with the interests of the RCP(b), giving the Bolshevik delegates the right to decide votes from Soviets that did not have this right.

Constitutional acts of Kyrgyzstan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

The article is devoted to the research of forming constitutional legislation of Republic of Kyrgyzstan, that originates from the moment of acceptance of the first constitutional acts as a Autonomous Republic in the composition of Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic. The author of the article researches law and political specifications of the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, that has been accepted in 1929 by the all-Kyrgyz congress of Soviets. One of the features of that Constitution was a determination of the status of Kyrgyzstan as a part of Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic. The author comes to the conclusion that as a fact Soviet Kyrgyzstan as a part of Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic in spite of having a constitution and the higher authority and other state elements as a territory, nationality, language, symbols most likely represented not an autonomous state, but the administrative unit with some state elements, forming a part of Russian State. In the article the author concludes that in spite of the fact, that the Kyrgyz Constitution of 1929 wasnt adopted by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and All-Russian congress of Soviets as it was determined, that Constitution was valid and formed the national statement of Kyrgyzstan in such a period of time.

Політико-ідеологічні протиріччя православної церкви та більшовистської влади у 20–30-х рр. ХХ ст. в Україні

The article considers the peculiarities of the relations between the Orthodox Church and the communist authorities in the 1920s and 1930s. in Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to highlighting the contradictions between government and the church in the period under study. The author notes the relevance of the topic, as it is rather weakly reflected in Ukrainian historiography. It is noted that when they came to power in 1917, the Bolsheviks began active legislative work to restrict the rights of the church. Thus, the decree of the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets on land of November 8, 1917 deprived the church and parish clergy of land ownership, and on December 4 (17) the nationalization of land was confirmed by a decree on land committees, which provided for the confiscation of church and monastery and agricultural lands without any compensation, the ministers of the religious cult were declared „servants of the bourgeoisie” and deprived of civil rights. Thus, as a result, the church was significantly limited in its economic activities and in the possibility of obtaining additional income. The militant mood of Soviet atheism in theory and ideology and in practice allows us to distinguish two stages of this process: the first – the 20s of the twentieth century – had mostly peaceful forms. In the second period – the late 20's – 30's of the twentieth century – changed the ideology, which was based on new information technologies that replaced the truth with lies and manipulated human consciousness. This stage with minor changes existed before the Second World War. Its apotheosis was mass repression against the clergy and the most active believers.

Creation of integrated energy supply systems

A brief description of the State Electrification Plan of Russia (GOELRO plan), developed on the initiative of V.I. Lenin by the GOELRO commission headed by G.M. Krzhizhanovsky and adopted on December 22, 1920 by the 8th All-Russian Congress of Soviets, as well as key directions of a long-term plan for research on the problem of the creation of the Unified Power System of the Country (UPS), developed by the commission under the leadership of G.M. Krzhizhanovsky in 1957, which laid the foundation for the formation of the UPS - the largest in the world at the end of the 80s centrally managed interconnected power system, is presented. The indicators of development and efficiency of the country's electric power industry are given. The essential part of the reforms in the electric power industry of Russia carried out at the beginning of the 21st century, their shortcomings that led to a decrease in the efficiency of the industry and the emergence of various kinds of bottlenecks and imbalances are analyzed. The processes of transformation of energy systems in the world are considered, as a result of which a new architecture of energy systems is created. The primary tasks facing the Russian power industry in these conditions are formulated.

Introduction From Lenin’s Overcoat? The Global Impact of the Russian Revolution

As the Bolshevik seizure of power was well underway, Lenin spoke before the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets. Pulling a declaration from his coat, Lenin hailed the revolution of workers, peas...

Towards the First Far Eastern Republic: Regionalism, Socialism, and Nationalism in Pacific Russia, 190551918

The working paper offers a new interpretation of the intellectual and political genealogies of the Far Eastern Republic (1920–1922). The working paper demonstrates that the Far Eastern Republic was not a new project, as a similar formation was first proclaimed on April 10, 1918, in Khabarovsk as an autonomy within the Soviet Russian Republic under the name of the Soviet Republic of the Far East in line with the resolutions of the Third All-Russian Congress of Soviets. The Soviet Republic of the Far East was a product of regionalist and nationalist discourses and built on the ideas of decentralization which were widely discussed since the First Russian Revolution (1905–1907) by liberals and socialists alike and began to be implemented after the February Revolution (1917). The Chernobyl-born and Chicago-educated Bolshevik Aleksandr Mikhailovich Krasnoshchekov, who led the establishment of the Far Eastern Republic in 1920, also headed the Soviet Republic of the Far East in 1918. Its government, the Far Eastern Council of People’s Commissars (Dal’sovnarkom) defied the authority of the Central Executive Committee of Siberian Soviets (Tsentrosibir’) and disobeyed the Moscow central government implementing thereby a regionalist approach to Soviet federalism. Krasnoshchekov’s project relied on the ideas of the Populists (Narodniki), the Socialist Revolutionaries, and the Social Democrats which were tested in the Russian Far East during the First Russian Revolution and the interpretations of Far Eastern history and interests which were put forward by regional deputies in the Russian State Duma. The formation of the first Far Eastern republic was facilitated by the activities of Deputy of the Fourth Duma and Commissar of the Provisional Government for the Far East Aleksandr Nikolaevich Rusanov who led the formation of a regional organization uniting democratically elected zemstvo and municipal self-government bodies.

Discussions about creation of 1st Soviet government at II All-Russian Congress of Soviets

The article considers the process of creating the first Soviet government. The author studies the inter-party debate about its composition. Standpoints of the Bolshevik leaders and the leaders of other parties are represented.

Party composition of the II Congress of Soviets

The article deals with the first steps of the Soviet government for the construction of the state apparatus. The authors analyzed the party composition of the main authority in Soviet Russia - II All-Russian Congress of Soviets.

The New School Curriculum And The Improvement of The Educational Process

At the Third All-Russian Congress of Soviets, V. I. Lenin prophetically stated that "all the miracles of technology, all cultural attainments would become the property of all [Soviet] people." (1) We are justifiably proud today that our country has come to occupy a leading place in the world with respect to the scale and level of educational development.

Resolution of the 16-th All-Russian Congress of Soviets

Resolution of the XVI All-Russian Congress of Soviets on the report of the People's Commissariat of Health of the RSFSR on the work and tasks in the field of public health of the RSFSR.

Healthcare tasks in the light of decisions of the 16-th All-Russian Congress of Soviets

By virtue of the progressive historical movement, certain sectors of socialist construction at known stages of its development are systematically brought to the forefront and immediately become the focus of public attention and concern throughout the country. Our healthcare sector was in such a happy position by the 16th All-Russian Congress of Soviets.

Soviet Government in Russia

The Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic was proclaimed by the Third All-Russian Congress of Soviets in November, 1917, shortly after the Bolshevist party had overthrown the Kerensky government by the force of arms. Eight months later, the Fifth All-Russian Congress adopted a constitution. Since it was the party of Lenin and Trotzky that had invented the slogan “all power to the Soviets” and changed Russia from a prospective democracy to a soviet republic, American public opinion came to identify the soviet form of political organization with bolshevism and all the policies it stands for, including the dictatorship of the proletariat, and nationalization all along the line of economic life.

The Russian Soviet Constitution

Among the results of the recent great war will be the appearance of a number of important constitutional documents. These will include new constitutions for existing states, such as Russia and Germany, new constitutions for newly-created states, such as Poland and the Slav republics, and an attempt to establish at least a partial constitution for a world confederation. The first of these documents to be published, and one which contributes many new devices in government and new ideas in political theory, is the Fundamental Law of the Russian Socialist Federated Republic, adopted on July 10, 1918, by resolution of the Fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets.