Dodecylbenzenesulfonate Research Articles

Preparation of Kaolin Composites and Its Adsorption for Sb(Ⅲ)

Antimony is an important element in the production of flame retardants and semiconductor materials. In the process of antimony mining, it may cause local environmental pollution, which has adverse effects on human health, and the development of economical and efficient adsorbents to remove antimony from wastewater has become a hot research topic. In this paper, the hydrothermal synthesis method was adopted, and purified Kaolin was selected as the carrier, potassium permanganate, manganese chloride and ferric chloride are the metal sources, urea is the precipitant, and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is the structure guide agent. Under the conditions of 5% mass fraction of dispersant, loading temperature of 140 ℃, reaction time of 8 h, mass ratio of iron to manganese of 1.84:1, and mass of precipitant of 0.9 g, the composites prepared were effective in adsorbing the Sb(Ⅲ) from the wastewater. The optimum adsorption efficiency of the prepared composites on Sb(Ⅲ) is 92.83%, which showed excellent adsorption performance.

Controllable Synthesis of Nano-Micro Calcium Carbonate Mediated by Additive Engineering

Nano-micro calcium carbonate has a small particle size, uniform distribution, and good dispersion performance, offering great research value and development prospects. It has been widely used as a filler material for rubber, paper, ink, pigments, and coatings. Developing an efficient and controllable approach to preparing nano-micro calcium carbonate with adjustable morphology and controllable size has significant economic and environmental benefits. This study reports the controllable synthesis of nano-micro calcium carbonate meditated by additive engineering. The effects of various additives including inorganic acids, organic acids, alcohol, and surfactants on the particle size and morphology of the prepared materials were investigated. SEM, FT-IR and other characterization methods were used to analyze the prepared nano-micro calcium carbonate particle size, dispersion, and uniformity. The results showed that the particle size of calcium carbonate was 4~7 μm with a cubic structure. The particle size of calcium carbonate prepared by adding surfactant additives is in the range of 1~4 μm, and the crystal shape of calcium carbonate changes from calcite to vaterite after adding sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. With the aid of additives, the calcium carbonate particles dispersed more evenly. The mechanism of the controllable synthesis of nano-micro calcium carbonate mediated by additive engineering is elucidated and discussed. SDBS was found to be the best additive for preparing nano-micro calcium carbonate, and the synthesis conditions were explored and optimized.

Parabolic Viscosity Behavior of NaCl-Thickened Surfactant Systems upon Temperature Change.

The viscosity of household care products plays an important role in pleasant delivery using consumer experience at home. A novel solution to mitigate the sharp rising of viscosities at low temperatures of detergents was proposed. By designing the formulation of the surfactant blend, formulators can achieve acceptable viscosity profiles in the temperature range encountered in daily life. The verification and modulation of formulas bearing parabolic viscosity-temperature behavior were systematically studied, including in single, binary, and ternary systems, based on the modulation of sodium ethoxylated alkyl sulfate (AES) by other anions, zwitterions, and nonions. The R ratio theory was used to have a better understanding of the molecular assembly of surfactants behind the parabolic behavior exhibited in rheology analyses. One of the key findings is that the parabolic viscosity-temperature phenomenon could be easily observed in the highly hydrated ethoxylated anionic systems like AES-based systems. For those anions lacking ethoxylation, especially sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), the monotonic variation of hydration affinity with temperature led to the disappearance of parabola in the observed temperature window (>0 °C). Moreover, salinity played an important role in the hydration affinity of the polar group and the interaction between the hydrophilic headgroups. A balanced salinity should be optimized to modulate the hydration affinity in a desired range so that the parabola could be easily tuned within the target temperature region. These findings provide opportunities for the formulators in the household care industry to design products with better pourability through carefully selecting a combination of surfactants and fine-tuning their ratios to improve consumer use experience, especially in winter.

Surface-Active Ionic-Liquid-Based Coatings as Anti-Biofilms for Stone: An Evaluation of Their Physical Properties

The biodeterioration of stone surfaces can be a threat to the conservation of built heritage. Much effort has been put into finding treatments and processes to mitigate biocolonization and its effects, both in terrestrial and underwater environments. Recently, the use of surfactant ionic liquids has been shown to have biocidal and antifouling effects on stone. However, little information is currently available on the morphological and physical properties of such coatings. In this paper, we report on the physical characterization of coatings based on an ionic liquid (IL) consisting of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-1-do-decanaminium cation and a combination of bromide and dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) anions in a molar ratio of 3:1, respectively. Nanosilica and tetraethyl orthosilicate were used as binders to promote the adhesion of the ionic liquid to the stone surface. The coatings were applied on Carrara marble samples and analyzed using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), static contact angles, colorimetric measurements and capillary water absorption. The resistance to UV radiation and seawater was also investigated. The results show that the IL behaves differently depending on the binder. The latter influences the arrangement of the IL and its wettability, which decreases in the case of NanoEstel, whereas this parameter increases in the case of Estel. In addition, the coatings show good resistance to the degradation agents.

Fabrication of core–shell Fe3O4@polypyrrole@sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate composite for high-performance adsorption of methylene blue and malachite green in water

In this study, a novel composite material with a core–shell structure, Fe3O4@PPy@SDBS, was synthesized through a combination of hydrothermal, in situ polymerization, and surface modification methods. The primary objective was the removal of methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) dyes from aqueous solutions. The influence of adsorbent type, time, initial adsorbent concentration, and temperature on the adsorption behavior of MB and MG was comprehensively investigated. The experimental results revealed that the adsorption kinetics of both MB and MG adhered to the pseudo-second order kinetic model, while the isotherm data were best described by the Langmuir isotherm model. Furthermore, the adsorption process exhibited characteristics of a spontaneous heat-driven reaction. The maximum adsorption capacities were determined as 124.07 mg/g for MB and 73.10 mg/g for MG, respectively. Remarkably, even after undergoing five desorption-adsorption cycles, the removal efficiencies for MB and MG remained above 80% and 90% respectively. These promising outcomes were attributed to the collaborative effects of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interactions mediated by PPy and SDBS, in addition to the magnetic properties imparted by Fe3O4. Consequently, the Fe3O4@PPy@SDBS composite exhibited high potential as a proficient and reusable adsorbent. Beyond its efficient removal capabilities, the incorporation of magnetic properties and diverse adsorption mechanisms within these composites presents compelling opportunities for advancements in adsorption and separation processes.

Superhydrophobic Nanoparticles: An Efficiently Selective Adsorbent for Surfactant-Like Contaminants from Complex Wastewater Matrices.

Surfactant-like contaminants (SLCs) with distinctive amphiphilic structures have become a global concern in wastewater due to their toxicity and persistency. Despite extensive efforts, achieving efficient and selective SLCs removal remains challenging because of their wide range of molecular weights and complex functional group compositions. Superhydrophobic nanoparticles can potentially tackle this challenge by targeting the long oleophilic chains of SLCs. However, conventional contact angle measurements hinder hydrophobicity characterization and corresponding selectivity research because of the powder morphology of nanoparticles. Herein, the authors offered information regarding the distribution of water molecular probes in surfaces and proposed a quantitative characterization approach based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance. Through synthesizing superhydrophobic and hydrophilic polydopamine nanospheres with similar morphologies, the selective adsorption potential of superhydrophobic nanoparticles for SLCs is systematically demonstrated. As revealed by the interaction mechanisms, the superhydrophobic surface of nanospheres increased its affinity and selectivity for SLCs adsorption by enhancing hydrophobic interactions. Superhydrophobic modification achieved ten times the adsorption capacity of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, an exemplified surfactant, compared with pristine nanoparticles. By regulated self-polymerization, the superhydrophobic nanospheres are coated onto the surface of a 3D sponge and enable efficient selective SLCs adsorption from highly polluted leachate matrices with long-term stability and reusability.

Study on the suppression of thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery by water mist with different additives

ABSTRACT Water mist with additives is a promising emergency control technology for the lithium-ion battery’s thermal runaway. Developing efficient, green, and environmental-friendly additive is a key issue to the technology. Here, using 18,650 batteries as the experimental object, three different suppression mechanism additives, i.e. sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), sodium chloride (NaCl), and soy protein, were studied and discussed after optimizing the condition of water mist generated with different Here, using 18,650 batteries as the experimental object, three different suppression mechanism additives, i.e. sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), sodium chloride (NaCl), and soy protein, were studied and discussed after optimizing the condition of water mist generated with different compressed air. The battery thermal runaway process concluded four stages, and the initial stage of explosion, i.e. the safety valve broke through companying with some noise and gases spilling out, was a typical phenomenon that suggested the beginning of thermal runaway. The water mist generated with optimized air pressure of 0.2 to 0.25 MPa, the droplet SMD size was 71–89 μm, could effectively suppress the battery thermal runaway, decrease T2 quickly from about 700°C to no more than 413°C, and reduce the cooling time from above 1000 s to no more than 203 s. Although the mechanism of the three additives was different, all of them could evidently enhance the suppression effect of water mist on the lithium-ion battery’s thermal runaway. Especially, the addition of 1.5% soy protein to water mist could decrease greatly both the flame temperature and the battery’s surface temperature, and shorten 63% cooling time comparing to the pure water mist. The results showed that soy protein was an efficient and environmental-friendly additive for water mist to inhibit the thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery and had good potential practical application value. The in-depth research and analysis of SDBS and NaCl would provide basis data for the development of compound additive.

Study on synthesis and properties of novel bisphenyl sulphonate Gemini surfactant based on lignin for enhanced oil recovery

In this study, we successfully synthesized a new bisphenyl sulphonate Gemini surfactant (BPSG) from lignin using a simple method. And a comprehensive evaluation of the physicochemical properties of this BPSG surfactant was conducted, including surface activity, emulsification stability, salinity tolerance, static adsorption, and oil/water interfacial activity. Comparing the BPSG surfactant with commonly used single-chain surfactants like dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and lignin sulphobetaine zwitterionic surfactant (LSBA), our results demonstrated that the BPSG surfactant exhibited higher surface activity and superior emulsification stability. Even at a NaCl concentration of 5.0 wt%, the oil-water emulsion prepared by BPSG surfactant remained stable. Furthermore, the BPSG surfactant displayed remarkable interfacial activities and resistance to salt. It effectively reduced the interfacial tension (IFT) between Huabei crude oil and brine to an ultra-low level of 10−3 mN/m without any additional additives. And the BPSG surfactant showed enhanced alkali synergy compared to common surfactants and maintained the ultra-low oil/water IFT across a wide range of salinity levels. The static adsorption experiments revealed that BPSG had significantly lower adsorption amount on the quartz sand compared to ordinary surfactants, allowing for the sustained achievement of ultra-low IFT during the adsorption process for up to four consecutive days.

Surfactant and antibiotic co-occurrence reshaped the acidogenic process for volatile fatty acids production during sludge anaerobic fermentation

The overuse of surfactants and antibiotics has led to their high concentration in waste activated sludge (WAS), and these exogenous pollutants have been shown to pose various influences on the subsequent anaerobic treatment process. Previous works have primarily concerned the impacts of individual pollutants on WAS anaerobic fermentation process. This work revealed the synergetic effects of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) co-occurrence in WAS on the biosynthesis of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The addition of SDBS in the SDZ reactor significantly increased VFAs generation, and this increase was correlated with the concentration of SDZ. The VFAs production exhibited a 200.0–211.9 % and 5.9–20.4 % increase in comparison with the sole SDZ and SDBS reactor, respectively. The SDBS and SDZ co-occurrence facilitated the solubilization, hydrolysis, and acidification stages of WAS fermentation synchronously. SDBS was effectively to disintegrate the cemented structure of extracellular polymeric substances and meanwhile improve the SDZ solubilization, which increase the SDZ bioavailability as well as biotoxicity to the anaerobic species. Herein, the anaerobic consortia structure was evidently reshaped, and the keystone microbes Acetoanaerobium and Fususibacter, as well-tolerated hydrolytic-acidogenic bacteria, were greatly enriched. Furthermore, the functional microbial metabolic traits responsible for the substrate extracellular hydrolysis (e.g., glsA and MAN2C1), intracellular metabolism (e.g., ALDO and asdA), and fatty acid generation (e.g., aarC) were all upregulated in the SDBS/SDZ co-occurrence reactor.

Synthesis of a new three-dimensional cross-linked network dust suppressant and its mechanism of coal-dust inhibition

A new dust suppressant was proposed and studied by numerical calculations and experiments to control dust. The synthesis of suppressant required three steps. First, Polyvinyl alcohol starch was synthesized by the dehydration condensation of carboxymethyl starch and polyvinyl alcohol under the initiation of ammonium persulfate, requiring 288.8 kJ/mol energy. Second, polyvinyl alcohol caprolactam starch was synthesized by the dehydration condensation of caprolactam and polyvinyl alcohol starch under the initiation of ammonium persulfate, requiring 172.8 kJ/mol of energy. Third, the suppressant had the optimum wetting and bonding effects by 30 g/L polyvinyl alcohol caprolactam starch and 20 g/L sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. The suppressant–lignite system exhibited increased hydrogen bonds which were formed between the –OH and –COOH groups of the suppressant and the –OH, –COOH, and –NH2 groups on the coal surface. The solidified layer formed on the coal dust surface did not raise dust at wind speed of 10 m/s.

Emulsification of Indian heavy crude oil and analysis of flow characteristics using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for pipeline transportation

The high viscosity of Indian heavy crude oils makes their pipeline transportation highly complicated and challenging. A huge pressure drop is observed while transporting heavy crude through pipelines. The present article addresses this complication by preparing a surfactant stabilized heavy crude oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion of a flowable viscosity to ease flow through pipelines. Different O/W emulsion samples were prepared with varying concentrations of a novel anionic surfactant, linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid (LABSA), to achieve an optimized formulation based on rheological and stability studies. The article also discusses the effect of varying surfactant concentrations on interfacial tension, droplet size and distribution, and zeta potential of the developed emulsions. The optimized emulsion, having 60 vol% oil and 2 wt% surfactant, was further considered to simulate and analyze the flow characteristics (static pressure and velocity profiles) across the horizontal pipelines of three different inner diameters (0.1, 0.05, and 0.025 m) under three different inlet flow velocities (0.1, 0.05, and 0.001 m/s), using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. A remarkable decrease in the viscosity of heavy crude was noted after emulsification. Subsequently, the pressure drop across the pipeline was reduced significantly by order of three for the flow of O/W emulsion when compared to that of the heavy crude oil through a pipe diameter of 0.1 m at an inlet velocity of 0.1 m/s. The static pressure drop across the pipeline decreased with the increase in the pipe diameter; in contrast, it increased with the increase in the inlet velocity.

De-oiling characteristics and mechanism of oil-bearing sludge cleaned by CGAs

There hasn't been much study on using Colloidal Gas Aphrons (CGAs) to clean oily sludge. In addition, the efficacy and mechanism of CGAs-enhanced surfactant cleaning of oily sludge are not yet clear. Therefore, in this study, CGAs prepared from the compound surfactant solution were used to clean oily sludge in an oil field in Xinjiang. The performance of CGAs in terms of oil removal and particle size was both examined when building the surfactant compounding system. The removal abilities of CGAs from different crude oil components and an analysis of the chemical cleaning process of CGAs were studied. The results demonstrated that the interfacial tension was as low as 3.535 mN/m and the oil removal rate of CGAs was as high as 92.9% when the ideal ratio of sophorolipid (SL) to sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) was 6: 4. The average particle size of CGAs was 90.57 µm at this ideal ratio. The Zeta potential and turbidity of the supernatant after CGAs cleaning was lower than those of chemical cleaning. Infrared analysis, two-dimensional fluorescence analysis, and thermogravimetric methods were used to characterize the oily sludge after CGAs cleaned. According to the analysis's findings, CGAs' enormous specific surface area allows them to adsorb more petroleum pollutants and improved the ability of those pollutants to migrate between the water phase and other phases of the atmosphere. Also, CGAs are particularly successful in adhering to petroleum-based pollutants in oil sludge for the removal of light constituents like n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons due to the synergistic effects of hydrophobic and electrostatic effects on the functional surface of CGAs. This work provides useful information on the mechanism of the enhanced removal of crude oil from oily sludge by CGAs and provides a new idea for oily sludge cleaning.

Preparation of ultrastable oil-in-water emulsion as a robust superwettable and sustainable concrete release agent

Release agents are compounds that are applied on the surface of moulds to create a thin film that acts as a barrier to prevent adhesion. Water-based release agents are especially preferred during the formulation due to their eco-friendly nature and less toxicity. In this work, we present a facile fabrication of a novel wax-free oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion-based release agent as a sustainable and efficient commercial product for the proficient removal of concrete from mould. The newly formulated O/W release agent was synergistically stabilized by the combination of Sorbitan monostearate (span-60) and Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) from 0.6% to 4.0% surfactant concentrations. The surfactant ratio (1:1) was optimized as best based on the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB). Firstly, physical parameters such as high/shear speed (12000 rpm), oil/water ratio (60:40), temperature (55 °C), and high/shear time (10 min) were optimized. Afterward, the performance and chemical properties of the O/W release agent were investigated by monitoring surface morphology, density, viscosity, contact angle, droplet size, and pH. The new O/W release agent achieved excellent results during on-site trials on iron mould surfaces indicating the promising potential in the construction industry.

Observation of electron–phonon coupling and linear dichroism in PL spectra of ultra-small CsPbBr3 nanoparticle solution

Blue-emission (∼480 ​nm) CsPbBr3 nanoparticles with ultra-small size (∼2.1 ​nm) are synthesized using the liquid nitrogen freezing with the ligand of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA). Asymmetric narrow emissions at the low energy side, with the full width at half-maximum of ∼20 ​nm, are observed in solution and film at room temperature. The spectral asymmetry is mainly ascribed to phonon vibronic replica with averaged phonon energy of ∼40 ​meV. Moreover, exciting this CsPbBr3 nanoparticles solution using linearly polarized 6 ns pulsed laser at 355 ​nm, we observe polarized emission with polarization degree (PPL) of ∼7%, and PPL decreases more than 20% in the vibronic progression. However, the PPL goes to zero in frozen solutions as well as in films. Thus we speculate the polarized emission is due to the photoinduced re-alignment of nanoparticles, and the diminished PPL at the phonon side band may be due to the non-adiabatic electronic-to-vibronic transitions. The novel phenomena from the ultra-small CsPbBr3 nanoparticle demonstrated in this work may provide fundamental insights into its photophysics with direct implications for optoelectronics.

Functionality of hydrophobic groups of surfactants in the flotation of anode active materials

In the present paper, the effect of surface activity and the role of hydrophobic groups of four different frothers (2-octanol, terpenic oil, methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC), and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS)) on the collector-less floatability of anode-active materials were studied. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and zeta potential analyses were applied to detect functional groups and particle surface charge, respectively. The floatability of the material was examined using an XFG flotation cell in the absence and presence of these frothers. The experimental results showed that the functional groups on the surface of anode active materials (AAM) including CH3, C-O-O, and aromatic rings reacted with a frother and increased the recovery of the particles by 15%. Also, the presence of phenolic resin on the particle surface caused the functional groups on the surface of the particles to interact with frother molecules and improved the recovery of the particles by acting as a collector. Furthermore, the zeta potential of the particles after the addition of surfactant (at pH 7) showed a negative shift because of the particle hydrophobicity and agglomeration of particles. In addition, the results of contact angle and FTIR analyses showed that materials had a greater contact angle after using various surfactants and successful interaction occurred between the AAM surface and the hydrocarbon tail of the surfactants. The flotation results demonstrated that the recovery of AAM without any surfactants was zero but it was increased as the following order of 2-octanol ≫ terpenic oil > SDBS > MIBC.

Molecular dynamics simulation of surfactant induced wettability alteration of shale reservoirs

Shale oil has recently received considerable attention as a promising energy source due to its substantial reserves. However, the recovery of shale oil presents numerous challenges due to the low-porosity and low-permeability characteristics of shale reservoirs. To tackle this challenge, the introduction of surfactants capable of modifying wettability has been employed to enhance shale oil recovery. In this study, we perform molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the influence of surfactants on the alteration of wettability in shale reservoirs. Firstly, surfaces of kaolinite, graphene, and kerogen are constructed to represent the inorganic and organic constituents of shale reservoirs. The impact and underlying mechanisms of two types of ionic surfactants, namely, the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and cationic surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), on the wettability between oil droplets and surfaces are investigated. The wettability are analyzed from different aspects, including contact angle, centroid ordinates, and self-diffusion coefficient. Simulation results show that the presence of surfactants can modify the wetting characteristics of crude oil within shale reservoirs. Notably, a reversal of wettability has been observed for oil-wet kaolinite surfaces. As for kerogen surfaces, it is found that an optimal surfactant concentration exists, beyond which the further addition of surfactant may not enhance the efficiency of wettability alteration.

Experimental study of asphaltene onset condition and deposition using electrical deposition technique in the presence of various additives: A novel strategy

Asphaltenes (ASPs) are regarded as high molecular weight components that often deposit in the production lines and downstream infrastructure, leading to pressure drop and reduced production rate. In this paper, we investigated the potential of electro-deposition of ASP an Iranian crude oil sample encountering ASP deposition problems, to reduce the risk of well shut-in. In this regard, a systematic research plan has been designed to use the electro-deposition technique to precipitate and deposit ASP different fluid samples incluiding crude oil/n-heptane, synthetic oil (containing the same ASP)/n-heptane, crude oil/n-heptane/additive and synthetic oil/n-heptane/additive are utilized. The additives such as Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (LABS) as a surfactant, metal oxide nano-particles such as SiO2, γ-Al2O3, and TiO2 and synthesized mixed-metal oxide nano-particles compounds such as CeNiO3, CeZrO4 and CeCaO3 were used. This work reveals the effect of these additives on the deposition rate of ASP particles from crude oil and compares their effectiveness. Using a homemade apparatus, the optimum direct-current electric field (EF) and time for ASP deposition were found, followed by finding the best solution of crude oil and n-heptane. As for the additives, LABS showed that ASP deposition is critically decreased on the cathode at 2000 ppm for crude oil and 1500 ppm for synthetic oil. Nano-particles exhibit different behavior in an EF. The experimental results indicated that by increasing the concentration of nano-particles, the amount of ASP deposit on the anode decreases. The results indicated that synthesized mixed-metal oxide nano-particles do not change the charge type of ASP and result in ASP deposition reduction utilizing a very low number of nano-particles. Currently, electro-deposition is a key solution to remove ASPs from crude oil. This is due to its high energy efficiency and relatively simple process. Comparing the effects of these newly proposed additives showed that, CeZrO4 nano-particles are more efficient to inhibit ASP deposition.

Removal of free acids from heavy alkylbenzene sulfonic acid by a novel three-step method

Excessive amounts of free acids will significantly reduce the quality of heavy alkylbenzene sulfonic acid and its downstream products. To get rid of the excess free acids in heavy alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, a novel three-step deacidification technique called barium salt neutralization method was developed with the aware of “process intensification” in this work. Various factors affecting the deacidification process were thoroughly studied. Results show that using this deacidification method, the free acids content in heavy alkylbenzene sulfonic acid can be reduced from 1.5% to less than 0.1% at the producing condition of room temperature, atmospheric pressure, reusable green solvent, and short time. The free acids removal rate and recovery rate of feed can reach to 96.7% and 95.3%, respectively. It has been demonstrated that the barium salt neutralization method is an effective way to lower the amount of free acids in heavy alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, and can be readily turned into practical applications.

In vitro Assessment of Antioxidant Enzymes in Oreochromis niloticus Induced with Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonates

In vitro Assessment of Antioxidant Enzymes in Oreochromis niloticus Induced with Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonates

Evaluation of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (LAS) and Physicochemical Properties of Water in Manzala Lake, Egypt

Evaluation of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (LAS) and Physicochemical Properties of Water in Manzala Lake, Egypt