Alizarin Yellow Dye Research Articles

Greenness appraisal and spectrophotometric estimation of carvedilol in pharmaceutical formulations and study kinetic parameters

Numerous studies have established that carvedilol acts as a vasodilator and is effective in managing hypertension. Consequently, this research focuses on the development and validation of analytical methods for the quantification of carvedilol. Various techniques, including UV/Vis spectrophotometric methods, have been investigated alongside innovative, straightforward, accurate, and sensitive approaches. In this study, we established a method based on the interaction between carvedilol and alizarin yellow dye in an aqueous medium, allowing for a reaction time of 20 min for completion. Upon conclusion of the reaction, a purple-colored product is formed, which exhibits maximum absorption at a wavelength of 536 nm. This method adheres to Beer's law within the concentration range of 10–50 µg/mL, with a molar absorptivity of 2.560×103 L·mol−1·cm−1, a Sandel index of 0.158 µg. cm−2, the detection limit of 0.4190 µg/mL, and the quantitative limit is 1.2698 µg/mL. The recovery rate was determined to be 100.7010 %, and the relative standard deviation did not exceed 1.3094 %. The method was applied to estimate the concentration of carvedilol in its pharmaceutical formulation in tablet form CARVEDISAM. Additionally, the kinetics of the resulting complex were studied, revealing that the kinetics are of first order. To assess the environmental impact of contemporary UV spectrophotometric methods, the Green Analytical Greenness Metric (AGREE) software and the Green Analytical System Index (GAPI) were utilized to evaluate the greenness profile. The developed UV method is more sustainable and environmentally friendly.

ZnFe2O4/bentonite/polyacrylamide: Exploring structural properties for removal of Alizarin Yellow Dye and antibacterial activities

As materials science develops, combining the characteristics of individual components in one substance has become possible to overcome each substance's limitations. In this work, the magnetic Zinc ferrite/bentonite (ZF/BE) was prepared by the co-precipitation method with different ZF amount and then loaded on polyacrylamide (PAM) to form ZF/BE/PAM nanocomposite. The prepared samples were subsequently characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal analysis (TGA). The results revealed that the nanocomposite appeared as a homogenous agglomeration and the average particles size was nearly 50 nm. XRD results showed that the ZF/BE/PAM nanocomposites have montmorillonite phase. The performance of pristine and ZF/BE/PAM was investigated for removing Alizarin Yellow (ALY) dye from aqueous solutions. The Be/PAM nanocomposites with ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles showed enhanced thermal stability and ALY dye removal efficiency. The ZF/BE/PAM nanoparticles provided a physical barrier to prevent thermal degradation. The ALY dye removal was influenced by the pH, the ZnFe2O4 amount, the adsorbent dose, the contact time and the initial dye concentration. The optimal pH was 2 and the optimal ZnFe2O4 amount was 0.5 g. The adsorption equilibrium data were well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. The results indicated that the Be/PAM nanocomposites with ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were promising materials for ALY dye removal from wastewater. The 3D Hirshfeld surface analysis showed that the nanosorbent is not perfectly spherical, pointing to a degree of asymmetry in its shape. In addition, the antibacterial properties of the prepared nanocomposite were tested with four strains of bacterial, gram-negative and gram-positive and the ZF/BE/PAM nanocomposites wt% of ZnFe2°4 and upper showed selective activity against gram-positive bacteria. The results illustrated that the ZnFe2°4 played the effective role in enhancing the adsorption and antibacterial activities.

Facile fabrication of Z-scheme ZnO/MoO3 heterojunction as an excellent visible-light responsive photocatalyst for the degradation of rhodamine B and alizarin yellow dyes

xZnO-(1-x) MoO3(x = 0.0,0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7) nanocomposite materials have been efficiently fabricated by the facile hydrothermal method to enhance the photocatalytic activities for the environmental applications. The fabricated samples were characterized via XRD, SEM, EDX, XPS, UV–Visible spectroscopy, PL and FTIR analysis. The 5% ZnO-M nanocomposite material exhibits reduced band gab energy and superior photocatalytic activity for rhodamine B (RhB) and alizarin yellow (AY) dyes degradation of 94% and 81% within 120 min under visible light irradiance. Our reported study reveals that the 5% ZnO-M photocatalyst is extremely stable and reusable for more than five reaction of cycles. The photocatalytic enactment of the 5% ZnO-M composite was mostly endorsed due to Z-scheme photocatalysts, higher visible light adsorption on the surface morphology, improved charge separation/transfer, and decreased recombination rate. This study may provide new ideas for developing effective, innovative Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts and encouraging their extensive application for the degradation of dyes from wastewater.

Al-Fe LAYERED HYDROXIDE WITH BENTONITE CLAY AND APPLICATION FOR THE REMOVAL OF DYE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

The research was aimed to investigate the effect of decolourisation of Alizarin yellow dye from aqueous solutions using Al-Fe layered Hydroxide clay.Batch adsorption technique was employed to determine the optimum values of some parameters i.e initial dye concentration (10 – 50 mg/l), contact time (10 – 50 minutes) and adsorbent dose (0.1 – 0.5 g). The results obtained indicate that the dye concentration decreases with increase in contact time and adsorbent dosage.The Adsorption isotherms observed showed that the Langmuir adsorption Isotherm was best fitted having the maximum decolourisation of 76.89 mg/g and R2 value of 0.986. The Al-Fe layered Hydroxide prepared was characterized by SEM, FT-IR and XRD before and after the adsorption process. The SEM results showed the porosity was roughly filled after the adsorption. The FT_IR spectra showed the presence of OH, C=O and N-CH at 3625 cm-1, 1633 cm-1 and 2806 cm-1. The XRD results indicate that the crystalline structure was not altered after the adsorption process. In this research, a low cost and effective adsorbent was used for the removal of Alizarin Yellow dye in an aqueous solution.

Response surface optimization for simultaneous removal of Alizarin Red S and Alizarin Yellow dyes from aqueous solution using magnetic Zn-Al-Zr layered double hydroxide

In this study, magnetic-zinc-aluminum-zirconium layered double hydroxide (Fe3O4/Zn-Al-Zr LDH) was synthesized by a simple and efficient co-precipitation method. This nanosorbent was employed as an innovative adsorbent for the removal of two anthraquinone dyes, namely Alizarin Red S (AR) and Alizarin Yellow (AY). The characteristic properties of Fe3O4/Zn-Al-Zr LDH were investigated by SEM, EDX, XRD, VSM and FTIR. The adsorption properties were studied by optimizing different variables such as contact time, initial dye concentration, pH, and adsorbent mass. Response surface methodology involving Box-Behnken design was also applied to offer an appropriate regression model for adsorption system and subsequently investigate the most influential variables. Furthermore, the experimental isotherm data and kinetic data revealed that the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second-order model are acceptable, respectively. Maximum Langmuir adsorption capacities of Fe3O4/Zn-Al-Zr LDH were obtained 150.87 and 130.21 for AR and 166.85 and 145.35 mg/g for AY, in single and binary solutions, respectively.

Synthesis and Characterization of CeO2/Ag3PO4 p-n Heterojunction Photocatalyst: Its Photocatalytic Activity for the Degradation of Alizarin Yellow Dye

Novel single and binary photocatalysts were synthesized by coprecipitation method. The crystal structure, surface area, morphology, bandgap energy, functional groups, and optical properties were characterized using XRD, BET, SEM-EDX, UV/vis, FTIR, and PL instruments, respectively. Aqueous solutions of the model contaminant alizarin yellow (AY) dye and real wastewater sample solutions were used to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of single and binary nanocomposite. We found that the photocatalytic activity of CeO2/Ag3PO4 binary nanocomposite is higher than that of their individual counterparts. We investigated the effects of operating parameters such as pH, initial dye concentration, and photocatalytic loading on AY dye degradation. Under optimal conditions, the binary system showed an efficiency of 96.99%. The binary photocatalyst showed relatively higher AY photolysis efficiencies than actual wastewater, about 96.56% and 57.76%, respectively. The actions of various scavengers suggest that ·O2 and ·OH scavengers play an important role in AY decomposition. When the reusability of the photocatalyst was tested, only a reduction of about 20% was observed after four consecutive runs. The degradation of AY follows pseudo-first-order kinetics for newly synthesized nanocomposite. This result indicates that the binary nanocomposite can serve as an excellent medium for electron transport.

Influence of pH on the structural, spectral, optical, morphological and photocatalytic properties of ZrO2 nanoparticles synthesized by sol–gel technique

In the present work, ZrO2 nanoparticles are synthesized with different pH (3 to 8) by the sol–gel technique. From X-ray diffraction analysis, the synthesized particles show a tetragonal crystal structure, and the average crystallite size is found to vary from 7.35 to 4.7 nm as the pH increases from 3 to 8. From the FTIR analysis, the peak observed at 621 cm−1 is ascribed to Zr–O vibrations in the nano-tetragonal ZrO2. The bandgap values are found to increase from 2.0 to 2.9 eV with an increase in pH. From the PL analysis, the observed peaks show a large band and considerable red shift in the band maximum compared to the bandgap of bulk ZrO2. This strongly expresses that the fluorescence involves extrinsic states. From the morphological analysis, the synthesized nanoparticles are found to be spherical in shape and EDS results confirm the presence of Zr and O. The photocatalytic analysis carried out using Alizarin yellow dye, shows that the degradation efficiency is 84.04% for ZrO2 (S3-pH 6). This is attributed to the excess –OH group present on the surface of ZrO2.

Acid treated corn stalk adsorbent for removal of alizarin yellow dye in wastewater

Wastewaters generated from textile industry are mostly contained high concentration of dyes pollutant. Commercial dyes are difficult to treat due to their complex structure and synthetic origin. An untreated dye discharged through the wastewater system affect the environment. Most of the conventional methods that have been used for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater had resulted in varying degree of success. In the present study, corn stalk residue from the corn industry has been used to remove the Alizarin Yellow (AY) dye. The corn stalk was treated by hydrochloric acid (HCl) in order to improve the porosity of the adsorbent for the AY dye removal. The adsorption capacity and percentage removal of AY dye at varying adsorbent dosage, initial AY dye concentration and adsorption time onto acid treated corn stalk adsorbent sample was examined by using UV-Vis spectrometer. The percentage removal and adsorption capacity increases with the adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration and adsorption time. Maximum AY dye percentage removal of 75.85% was achieved using 0.6 g corn stalk adsorbent at 20ppm AY dye concentration. The adsorption increases rapidly in the first 10 min to about 70% and extending the adsorption time do not further increase the adsorption of the AY dyes. Adsorption data were modelled using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Both models adequately described the adsorption process with RL value of 0.049 (0<RL<1) for Langmuir and n value of 0.028 (n greater than 1) for Freundlich model which indicated that the adsorption was favourable. These results showed that acid treated corn stalk has the potential to be employed as an effective absorbent for the removal of dyes from wastewater.

Removal of Alizarin yellow dye from aqueous solution by adsorption on the pomegranate crusts

The aim of this research was to preserve the natural materials in the removal of organic or inorganic pollutants, where the study of removing Alizarin yellow dye from its water solution using pomegranate treated as chemically, the best time of adsorption was 45 minutes and the best weight of adsorption is 0.9 g which gave the rate of adsorption and The effect of some functions, including acidic function, temperature and isothermal adsorption, was studied. as for this interaction.

Functional group changes of polyacrylonitrile fibres during their oxidative, carbonization and electrochemical treatment

A unique consideration is intended, concerning the creation of functional groups during the production of carbon fibres from polyacrylonitrile, i.e. oxidation/stabilization, carbonization/pyrolysis and electrochemical modification processes and their role for applications. Acrylic fibres of homopolymer PAN are subjected to thermo-oxidative treatment following a four-stage or a two-stage isothermal programme, and the resulting oxidized fibres are pyrolyzed up to 1000 °C for 30 min or they are flash-pyrolyzed at 1000 °C for 5 min, and the shrinkage and weight loss are determined. According to FTIR spectra, two indices were expressed to follow the dehydrogenations and cyclizations (nitrile groups) and the band intensity of carbonyl groups to follow the oxidation. The carbon fibres produced from the four-stage oxidation were examined using SEM/EDS. Based on SEM/EDS analysis, an oxygen content of approx. 8.7 at.% in the fibres is needed for the stabilization of the fibres during the oxidation by a four-stage treatment up to 300 °C. These carbon fibres were electrochemically modified by Cyclic Voltammetry in narrow and wide potential regions, using aqueous H2SO4. The electrochemical treatment of carbon fibres in the wide region leads to the introduction of an additional amount of oxygen of about 5 at.%, exhibiting also acidic and basic groups in adequate amount. The formation of oxygenous groups on carbon fibres during the three processes is indirectly followed by their ability to adsorb methylene blue or alizarin yellow dyes, based on the concept of “acid–base interaction”. Considering a model of a graphitic monolayer of a basic square that includes 9 rings, the O atoms introduced in this segment were estimated. Carbon fibre applications depend on the amount and type of oxygenous groups that can be targeted by selecting proper treatment conditions.

Fast and efficient removal of alizarin yellow dye (azo dye) from water and wastewater samples using modified nanoclay

A fast and efficient method has been developed for removal of Alizarin Yellow dye using modified nanoclay. Montmorillonite (MMT) was modified by a facile and one-step procedure with diethylenetriamine (DETA) and was used as an adsorbent. The effects of pH value of the dye solution, adsorbent dose, adsorption time and the initial dye concentration on the Alizarin Yellow adsorption onto the composite were investigated. The DETA-MMT had a high uptake capacity in room temperature and could remove Alizarin Yellow dye of about 85 % with 6 g/L of adsorbent, in only 2 min. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were employed for the study of the adsorption of Alizarin Yellow dye onto DETA-MMT. The method was applied to the removal of Alizarin Yellow in different tap water, river water and industrial wastewater samples.

Removal of Alizarin Yellow Dye from Water Using Zinc Doped WO3 Catalyst

The degradation of Alizarin Yellow dye is studied here using the laser-induced photo-catalysis process in the presence of a zinc doped tungsten oxide catalyst. For optimization of the photo-catalytic process, the following parameters were investigated: dye concentration, laser irradiation time and incident laser energy. The calculated value of the reaction rate was found to be of a high value (k) = 0.197 (with estimated half-life of 6.5 min). This high value of k indicates the efficiency of this method in removing Alizarin Yellow dye from wastewater.

Surface modification of pyrolyzed carbon fibres by cyclic voltammetry and their characterization with XPS and dye adsorption

Abstract Commercial carbon fibres were pyrolyzed up to 1000 °C and were then electrochemically treated by cyclic voltammetry in aqueous electrolyte solutions of H 2 SO 4 , in two potential sweep ranges: a narrow region, N, and a wide region, W, avoiding and including water decomposition, respectively. The anodic and cathodic peaks were correlated with oxide formation and their partial reduction, respectively. The nature of oxygen containing groups on the fibre surfaces was determined by XPS. Wide scan spectra and high energy resolution spectra were recorded through the C 1s, O 1s, N 1s and S 2p photoelectron regions. The ability of the fibres to adsorb methylene blue and alizarin yellow dyes from their aqueous solutions indicates the presence of electron acceptor or donor groups on the fibres, respectively. The carbon fibres were classified into two categories. The first includes electrochemically untreated and treated in the N region, and the second those treated in the W region. The high oxygen concentration and effective dye adsorption on the carbon fibres in the second category indicates that their surfaces were effectively modified. The adsorption of dyes on carbon fibres constitutes a complementary method to XPS for an indirect estimation of oxygen and other groups present on the carbon fibre surfaces.