Alium Sativum Research Articles

1. Effect of Garlic (Alium Sativum) Supplementation on Short Term Interdialytic Blood Pressure Variability, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Marker in Haemodialysis Patients with Resistant Hypertension: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial

1. Effect of Garlic (Alium Sativum) Supplementation on Short Term Interdialytic Blood Pressure Variability, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Marker in Haemodialysis Patients with Resistant Hypertension: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial

Constraints and Opportunities for the Sustainable Aphid Pest Management in Leaf Cabbage

During and post COVID 19 era, there has been an increase in the use and production of garlic (Alium sativum L.) the world-over for its medicinal value. Garlic has been used as a remedy to cure the pandemic flu-like ailment. Garlic has been used since 1550 B.C. as a remedy for a numerous ailments (So et al., 2021). In agriculture, garlic extracts are reported to have been used as pesticide or fungicides in crop protection against aphids, ants, soil bacteria, and fungi, particularly those in the class Oomycetes. Garlic is a relatively new crop in Zimbabwe. Farmers need demonstrable advantage of incorporating garlic as an inter-crop to facilitate growth of crops susceptible to aphid such as leaf vegetable in terms of Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) and Monetary Advantage Index (MAI). Land is predominantly a constraint in farming, so farmers seek to produce high yields per given area. High monetary return on the other hand, is the ultimate objective of farming since agriculture is a business. LER and MAI among other indices need to be considered for selection of an inter-crop crop.

Isolating and Identifying Some Types of Bacteria and Fungi from wheat grains and studying the effect of some types of antibiotics and the aqueous and alcoholic extract of the Alium sativum plant on them

The study included the effect of Alium sativum aqueous and alcoholic extracts on the growth of bacteria and fungi isolated from the study The following types of bacteria appeared:Pseudomouas aeruginosa ,Aeromonas salmonicida ,Escherichia coli Using the diffusion method The aqueous extract was shown to be somewhat higher than the alcoholic extract in inhibiting the above-mentioned bacteria, In the past three decades, disease-resistant fungi and bacteria have emerged it caused major health problems all over the world through the pharmaceutical industry produced quantities of antibiotics. Unfortunately, resistance to antibiotics is increasingly important. Find plants with antifungal and antibacterial activity it has gained increasing importance in recent years due to the development of resistance. On the other hand, it is known that free radicals play an essential role in many diseases. Biochemical damage caused by free radicals to cells and tissues. If the average inhibition diameters at a concentration of 100% for the aqueous extract were (20.16.18) mm, respectively While the rates of inhibition diameters for the alcoholic extract reached (17,14,16) mm, respectively. As for the fungi isolated from the study, they are: Aspergillus .niger ,Rhizopus stolonifer . : Aspergillus candidus .Aspergillus fumigatus. Aspergillus flavus . Aspergillus ochraceus It was found that the aqueous and alcoholic extracts have an inhibitory effect on the growth of the isolated fungi when using the method of diffusion with the medium

UJI EFEKTIVITAS BEBERAPA TANAMAN OBAT TERHADAP REPELENSI SERANGGA HAMA PERUSAK BERAS PADI VARIETAS CILIWUNG DI GUDANG BERAS


 The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of some plant material as insect repellence agents for rice pests Ciliwung variety. The methods used are field experiments and specimen collection. The research was carried out in one of the rice warehouses in Kuripan District and the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram. The experiment was designed with a Group Randomized Design (GRD) consisting of six treatments. These treatments are; P0 (control), P1 (betel leaf; Piper crocatum), P2 (fragrant pandan leaves; Pandanus amarylifolius), P3 (bay leaf; Syzigium polyanthum), P4 (kaffir lime leaves; Citrus hystrix), and P5 (garlic bulbs; Alium Sativum). The results showed that betel leaf, fragrant pandan leaf, bay leaf, and kaffir lime leaf were effective against the rejection of three insect pests found. Three families of rice-destroying pests were found in Ciliwung varieties, namely; Family Tenebrionidae, Family Curculionidae, and Family Pyralidae. The plant materials used (betel leaf, fragrant pandan leaf, bay leaf, kaffir lime leaf, and garlic bulb) have no real effect on the diversity, dominance, and richness of Ciliwung variety rice pest species

Studies on the Control of Mycotoxin Producing Fungi Isolated from Sorghum Sold in Bida, Niger State Nigeria

Sorghum is an important crop in Africa including Nigeria, Mali and Niger. Fungi contaminate grains including sorghum with fungal poisonous secondary metabolites called mycotoxins. The objectives of this study are the isolation of fungi associated with sorghum in storage and assay for the presence of mycotoxins in stored sorghum. Data obtained showed that stored sorghum used in this study contains Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergilus oryzae, Aspergilus flavus, Aspergilus niger, Aspergilus solani, Aspergilus terreus and Fusarium oxysposum. Rhizopus stolonifer and Fusarium oxysporum produced zearalenone while Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus solani and Aspergillus tereus produced aflatoxins B1. Fumanisin B1 and aflatoxinB1 were produced by Aspergillus flavus. Alium sativum and Zingiber officinale exhibited antifungal activity against the test fungi. This research work will provide a long term economic impact in reducing mycotoxicoses which are acute and chronic toxic diseases caused by mycotoxins. The findings will also serve the purpose of alerting consumers on the dangers of consuming poorly stored sorghum.

Structural Study of the Sciatic Nerve in Diabetic RafsTreated with Alium Sativurn

The diabetes mellitus has been induced in Sprague Dawely rats, by injection of alloxan 75 mg/ kg body weight, once daily for three successive days. Group of diabetic rats were treated with oral hyopgycemic (Glibenclamide) drug only and another group was treated with oral hyopgycemic (Glibenclamide) drug and Alium Sativum- garlic powder (250 mg / kg body weight, daily. Histological and histometric changes of sciatic nerve were investigated, by applying routine histological stains with specific application of osmium tetroxide for staining the nerve, detecting the structural changes and to measuring the improvement in the regeneration of the sciatic nerves. It has been found that the Alium Sativum treated group restored to certain degree the normal architectures of the sciatic nerve in diabetic rats and the improvement in thermal sensation as compared with non treated group or group treated with oral hypgycemic drug only.

Prospects of Codling Moth Management on Apples with Botanical Antifeedants and Repellents

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Tortricidae), is a major pest of apples, potentially causing annual losses exceeding USD62 billion globally. Growers have limited options for combatting the codling moth. Sprays with azinphos-methyl have been banned in the European Union, Turkey, and the USA. To be effective, Bacillus thuringiensis or Carpocapsa pomonella must be ingested in large quantities, and the fruit is damaged before the larvae die. Mating disruption or an attract-and-kill strategy does not resolve problems caused by the migration of moths from adjacent areas or insecticide resistance. Discouraging neonates from burrowing into the fruit with feeding deterrents or repellents of plant origin may become a new strategy. This paper presents a list of twenty-three plants and six secondary metabolites preventing apple infestation by codling moth neonates. Some of these plant extracts or oils (Alium sativum, Tanacetum vulgare, Atremisia arborescens, Ginkgo biloba) showed deterrence exceeding 95% in comparison to controls. The prospects of codling moth control with botanicals are discussed, and further studies on these substances are suggested. In conclusion, the author states that twenty-nine plant-originated materials have great potential in organic apple protection. Future studies should concentrate on formulating these botanicals and identifying their molecular targets.

Valorization of the Hydrolate Byproduct from the Industrial Extraction of Purple Alium sativum Essential Oil as a Source of Nematicidal Products.

The hydrolate byproduct resulting from the industrial essential oil extraction of Spanish purple garlic has been studied against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica by in vitro and in vivo bioassays. The essential oil, the hydrolate and its organic fraction caused high mortality of juveniles, suppressed egg hatch, and reduced nematode infection and reproduction on tomato plants. The nematicidal compounds of garlic oil, diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide, were the major components of the hydrolate organic fraction. These findings have important implications for the development of new nematode control products based on garlic hydrolate compounds and highlight the recovery of waste from essential oils extraction, promoting a circular economy.

Adaptive Garlic Farming on Climate Change and Variability in Lombok

Climate change impact in Indonesia is generally characterized by changes in daily temperature, rainfall patterns, and sea level rise. These changes mainly influence agricultural practices for various crops, including garlic (Alium sativum L.). Current knowledge on climate vulnerability related to agricultural impact in Indonesia is limited. This study aims to identify the level of vulnerability of garlic farmer households to climate change and provide recommendations for adaptation activities for garlic farmers. The household vulnerability profile was assessed using Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and LVI-IPCC approaches. We carried out interviews for 100 respondents in four villages in Lombok to obtain primary data related to agricultural practices. Relation between climate variables and garlic productivity was determined using linear regression approach. The results showed that rainfall and temperature had a negative correlation with garlic productivity as indicated statistical indicators used, namely R2. According to LVI and LVI-IPCC approach, Sembalun Timba Gading and Sajang have the highest level of vulnerability (0.60) and Sajang Village has the lowest level of vulnerability (0.55) among all villages. The findings suggested that climate information should be considered in agricultural sector for climate change mitigation and adaptation.

Ethnopharmacological studies of medicinal plants in central Zagros, Lorestan Province, Iran

Ethnopharmacological relevanceLorestan Province (Iran) has a great diversity of habitats and plant diversity and the people living in this province have a good knowledge of herbal therapies. Aim of the studyIn this study, the authors aimed to identify and report the medicinal plants used in the folk medicine of Lorestan. Material and methodsThe indigenous medicinal information was collected with a semi-structured open-ended questionnaire, interviews, and personal observations. The relative importance of the species were estimated through frequency of citations (FC). Resultsand discussion: A total of 555 plants belonging to 91 families were identified. The plants belong to Asteraceae with 62 species followed by Lamiaceae (56), Apiaceae (44), Fabaceae (41), and Brassicaceae (31). The plants were mostly used as a decoction or eaten raw (32%). Leaves (22%) were the most utilized plant parts followed by shoots (16%), and seeds (13%). Thymus daenensis, Thymus eriocalyx, Mentha longifolia, Mentha spicata, Mentha piperitha, Alium sativum, Quercus infectoria, Quercus persica, Ziziphora clinopodioides, and Malus domestica had the highest FC values. Most of the plants were used for gastrointestinal, respiratory, and skin problems. ConclusionLorestan is a region rich in medicinal plants. The local knowledge of herbal therapies can be used as complementary medicine, particularly by people in remote areas and as a guide for the future pharmacological and phytochemical studies. While the known medicinal plants can be harvested or cultivated for medical and pharmaceutical purposes, the less known plants with high FC scores can be investigated phytochemically and pharmacologically in the future studies.

The effect of garlic extract (Allium sativum L.) (Amaryllidaceae) to eradicate the Porphyromonas endodontalis biofilm: An in-vitro research

Background: The Gram-negative bacterium Porphyromonas endodontalis is one of the causes of endodontic infections. Irrigation in root canal treatment was intended to eliminate bacteria. The garlic extract (Alium sativum Linnaeus) (Amaryllidaceae) is a natural material believed to have antimicrobial effects and may be used as an alternative irrigation solution. Objectives: The aim of this article is to evaluate the effect of garlic extract on the eradication of P. endodontalis biofilms. Methods: The A. sativum extract with concentrations of 100%, 50%, and 25%, NaOCl 5.25%, CHX 2% as a positive control, and sterile Aquadest as a negative control were used as irrigation solutions. A random sample of six groups was tested for P. endodontalis ATCC® 35406D-5TM biofilm eradication by irrigation of the A. sativum extract. Results: It was shown with a one-way analysis of variance that there was a significant difference in optical density (OD) between the results of biofilm eradication using A. sativum with concentrations of 100%, 50%, and 25% and NaOCl 5.25%, CHX 2%, and Aquadest (P 0.05). Conclusion: The garlic extract (A. sativum) is effective in eradicating the biofilm of P. endodontalis in vitro.

Effects of Polyherbal Tablet for Hypertensive Patients

Hypertension is a degenerative disease whose prevalence is high and continues to increase over time. Polyherbal tablet have long been used by Indonesian people for hypertension drugs containing garlic (Alium sativum), jelawe (Belericae fructus), temu ireng rhizomes (Curcumae aeruginosae) and kapulaga (Amomi fructus) extracts. This study aims to determine the effect of polyherbal tablet on hypertensive patients. The subjects of 29 hypertensive patients participated in a open-randomized-without comparison-study for 6 weeks. Subjects were divided into 3 groups, each subject received polyherbal tablet with a dose of 2x600 mg (group 1), 2x1200 mg (group 2) and 2x2400 mg (group 3). Blood pressure was monitored on D-0, D-3, D-5, D-7, W-2, W-3, W-4, W-5 and W-6. There was a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the sixth week in all three treatment groups. The highest decrease in systolic blood pressure was in group 1 while diastolic blood pressure was in group 2 (-22.94 ± 5.871 and 13.13 ± 4.324 respectively). The lowest reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure occurred in the third group (-15.07 ± 3,519 and 8.98 ± 3,394 respectively). This study suggests that polyherbal tablet contains garlic (Alii sativi), jelawe (Belericae Fructus), temu ireng rhizome (Curcumae aeruginosae) and cardamom (Amomi Fructus) can reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension.

Prevention of Schistosomiasis

Background: Praziquantel is the only drug for schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis could be prevented with education, praziquantel, water supply and sanitation, and snail controls. Objectives: In this study, the author describes the progress in a study of schistosomiasis that focused on prevention of schistosomiasis. These include use education to people, snail control, and water supply and sanitation. Methodology: The author searched the PMC Database and PubMed Database on prevention of schistosomiasis. All were at National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The author also searched Google and Science Direct for schistosomiasis articles. Articles were unrestricted open access; articles needed permissions from Elsevier, and in English. Results: Water treatment can help in controlling schistosomiasis. Health education is through behavioral changes. It helps in preventing transmission of schistosomiasis. Health education can uses media such as video and articles. Snail controls could use such as use of Alium sativum, Buddleia lindleyana, and through environmental changes. Introduce transgenic snails in the field will be very helpful in controlling intermediate host of schistosomiasis. This technique belongs to genetic manipulation techniques. Conclusion: Water treatment and health education can help eliminate this disease. Allium sativum and Buddleia lindleyana are extracts that can help prevent and eliminate schistosomiasis. Environmental changes can also help for controlling snails. Transgenic snails are beneficial for controlling snails or intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis.

A comparative study of compositional, antioxidant capacity, ACE-inhibition activity, RP-HPLC peptide profile and volatile compounds of herbal artisanal cheeses

The effect of aromatic herbs on the RP-HPLC peptide profile, angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibitory (ACE-i) activity, antioxidant capacity and volatile compounds in artisanal cheeses was investigated. Three representative artisanal cheeses (white brined, beaten and Kashkaval cheeses) were produced using aromatic herbs (Mentha longifolia, Origanum vulgare, Thymus longicaulis, Alium sativum, Petroselinum crispum, Capsicum annuum). Compared with control group, herbal cheeses (except white cheese with garlic and parsley) revealed a significant increase in antioxidant activity. The highest ACE-i activity was noticed in 60 days of ripening with a mean value of 98.72% in goat beaten cheese and 97.78% in Kashkaval cheese enriched with peppers. One hundred and one volatile compounds, mainly acids, esters and alcohols, were identified in significantly higher amounts in cheeses made with herbs and contributed to the development of the overall aroma perception.

Effects of Thymus vulgaris, Euphorbia hirta and Alium sativum as Feed Additives on the Growth Parameters and Semen Characteristics of Kabir Chicken Roosters

Effects of Thymus vulgaris, Euphorbia hirta and Alium sativum as Feed Additives on the Growth Parameters and Semen Characteristics of Kabir Chicken Roosters

Economic evaluation of different strategy for weed management in garlic production

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate various weed management options on garlic (Alium sativum L.) production in Northeastern Croatia. This study focus on how different strategies of weed control affects weed community composition and economic benefit of weed management. An experiment was arranged as a complete block design with three different weed management strategies: chemical control (PRE EM and POST EM), mechanical control (three times during the season), and combination of chemical and mechanical treatments, together with weeded checks. Data on weed density, fresh above weed biomass and garlic yield per m2 were collected at the end of the growing season, and were subjected to statistical and economic analysis. The mayor weeds found in the experimental plots were: Sorghum halepense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Cirsium arvense and Chenopodium album. The various weed growth (density and biomass) and yield varied with application of weed management practices. Significantly lower values of weed density and fresh above weed biomass were recorded on plots with mechanical and combination of chemical and mechanical treatments compared to weeded check. Chemical application gave in this study insufficient weed control and resulted in lower yields compared to the mechanical treatments and combination of mechanical and mechanical weed control. The best cost: benefit ratio was observed on treatment with combination of chemical and mechanical weed control and can be successfully applied to boost up the bulb yield in garlic and to harvest the maximum profit for farmers.

Allium sativum Extract Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Antifungal Effect against Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Causing Onychomycosis.

Onychomycosis is a major health problem due to its chronicity and resistance to therapy. Because some cases associate paronychia, any therapy must target the fungus and the inflammation. Medicinal plants represent an alternative for onychomycosis control. In the present work the antifungal and antioxidant activities of Alium sativum extract against Meyerozyma guilliermondii (Wick.) Kurtzman & M. Suzuki and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (A. Jörg.) F.C. Harrison, isolated for the first time from a toenail onychomycosis case, were investigated. The fungal species were confirmed by DNA molecular analysis. A. sativum minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and ultrastructural effects were examined. At the MIC concentration (120 mg/mL) the micrographs indicated severe structural alterations with cell death. The antioxidant properties of the A. sativum extract were evaluated is a rat turpentine oil induced inflammation, and compared to an anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac, and the main compound from the extract, allicin. A. sativum reduced serum total oxidative status, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide production, and increased total thiols. The effects were comparable to those of allicin and diclofenac. In conclusion, the garlic extract had antifungal effects against M. guilliermondii and R. mucilaginosa, and antioxidant effect in turpentine-induced inflammation. Together, the antifungal and antioxidant activities support that A. sativum is a potential alternative treatment in onychomycosis.

Insect Pest Profile of Leaf Amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus L) and Prevention Herbivory Using Oil-Based Extracts of Alium sativum L, Xylopia aethiopica Dunal and Eucalyptus globolus L

Pest profile of Amaranthus hybridus was recorded in a single organic agro-ecosystem in Southwestern Nigeria between November-December in 2016 and January-February 2017, during the dry season. Activities of different pests were monitored to identify those responsible for the most significant damage. Vegetable oil-based extracts of Alium sativum, Xylopia aethiopica and Eucalyptus globolus were prepared and applied on A. hybridus as protectants against herbivory by phytophagous insects and damage to foliage was assessed. Thereafter, the extracts were rated based on the mean percentage damage (MPD) recorded in different plots in relation to the treatments. A total of nine pests were recorded from three insect Orders namely, Orthoptera (62.5%), Coleoptera (12.5%) and Lepidoptera (25%) and they were grouped into Major, Minor or Occasional pests based on their activities. Two lepidopterans, Spoladea recurvalis and Psara basalis (Family: Crambidae) were responsible for the most significant damage. All the extracts reduced damage with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) compared with the control. The MPD in X. aethiopica-, A. sativum- and E. globolus-treated plots and the control plots were 10.9%, 8%, 14% and 31.2% respectively when the amaranth was due for harvest in the first trial. The MPD to the amaranth in the treated plots during the second trial was between 13.6% and 16.3% when the harvest was due while the MPD in the control was 54.9%. The performances of E. globolus and X. aethiopica were comparable and they were relatively more effective in protecting A. hybridus against phytophagous pest attacks.

FORMULASI SEDIAAN SABUN CAIR EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH HIJAU (Piper battle folium L.) DAN EKSTRAK BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L.) SEBAGAI ANTIJAMUR Candida albicans

Islam is a religion that likes cleanliness, in case of body hygiene, clothing, and environment. One of the diseases that arise because it does not keep the body clean is white discharge. Piper bettle folium and Alium sativum are some of the natural ingredients that has the potential as an antifungal. This research aims to see the effect of antifungal Candida albicans extract of Piper bettle folium and Alium sativum after formulated as a liquid soap preparation. Liquid soaps are made by hot process methods with 3 formulations of combination of Piper bettle folium and Alium sativum extract with a ratio of 1) 25%: 75% 2) 50%: 50% 3) 75%: 25%. The evaluation of liquid soap include organoleptic examination, pH, high foam, moisture content, homogeneity, and antifungal power test against Candida albicans fungus. The results of the testing of liquid soap quality of green betel leaf extract and garlic have met the standards SNI (Indonesia’s National Standards) set for the manufacture of liquid soap.The results showed that liquid soap extract of green betel leaf and garlic have antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The result of formulation with the highest inhibition zone is formulation 3 and formulation with the lowest inhibition zone is the formulation 1. The test of this liquid soap activity is higher than fluconazole as the positive control and liquid soap of female area spread in the market.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRA ETHANOL DAUN TITHONIA DIVERSIFOLIA, EKSTRA ALLIUM SATIVUM dan CAMPURAN EKSTRA ALLIUM SATIVUM TERHADAP KERUSAKAN HISTOLOGI GINJAL dan HATI MENCIT HIPERGLIKEMIA

Tithonia diversifolia and allium sativum are believed by the community to lower blood sugar levels. Research on safety test of Tifonia diversifolia extract and Allium sativum to histology of liver and kidney has not been done. The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of trimonic diversifolia extract extract and Allium extract as well as the extract and the second leaf mixture to histology structure of kidney and liver of mice with diabetes.This study was an experimental study in 45 mice sampled in divided into 11 groups of control groups extract tithonia diversifolia 50 mg / kg bb ,100 mg / kgbb and 150 mg / kg bb. As well as Alium sativum extract 50 mg / kg bb 100 mg / kgbb and 150 mg / kg bb and mixed extract of tithonia diversfolia and Allium sativum C2 25:25 mg / kgbb, C3 50:50 mg / kg bb And 75:75 mg / kg bb. And administration of chlamydial gliben. The extract was administered for 35 days, after which surgery and preparation of histology of kidney and liver of mice Furthermore, the result he analyzed using spss Anova one way and descriptive analysis The results of this study showed no significant differences in the control group (P = 1,000), Treatment of Tithonia diversifolia extract Dose 50mg / kgbb (P = 1.00), dose 100mg / kgbb (P = 1.00), dose 100mg / kgbb (P = 1.00) Dose 150m / kgbb (P = 1.00) Kgbb (P = 1.00) and mixed dosage 25: 25mg / kgbb (0.111) but significant with 50:50 mixed significantly differentiated doiss treatments (P = 0.003) and C4 mixture extract (0.000) on liver histology On histology of the liver. While on the histology of the kidney,perlakuan Ekstrak Tithonia diversifolia dosis 50mg/kgbb,dosis 100 mg/kgbb,150mg/kgbb serta perlakuan esktrak Allium sativum dosis 50mg/kgbb,dosis 100 mg/kgbb150mg / kgbb also extracts Tithonia diversifolia mixture and Allium sativum extract dose 25:25 mg / kgbb 50:50 dose and 75:75 does not affectthe histology of renal mice Conclusion: There is a mild hemorrhage to the liver in all treatments of tithonia extract, Allium sativum, or mixture. 
 Keywords:Tithonia diverifolia,Allium Sativum,Histologic of hepar and kidney of mice