Alimentary Supplementation Research Articles

Physiological Importance of the Vitaminoid Thiocyanate and Its Influence on Hair Growth

Thiocyanate is a physiologically and biochemically active metabolite that is not sufficiently formed by endogenous synthesis in the case of diseases, stress, malnutrition, infection, toxic influences or loss through washing out during hair washing. In these siuations, alimentary supplementation or local application become necessary depending on the objective. An important effect of thiocyanate is the stimulation of new cell formation, initially proven in cell culture and in plants by the increase in yield, later also in the animal species mink (improved coat quality), sheep (increased wool yield) and guinea pigs (stimulation of the anagen phase of hair formation). Therapeutic efficacy was even demonstrated in human alopecia areata, with 51% showing complete to good remission 12 months after completion of treatment. The growth-promoting effect was confirmed in the trichogram. The biological activity of the vitaminoid is not based on a uniform mechanism of action but is to be understood as the sum of various partial effects

β Boswellic Acid Blocks Articular Innate Immune Responses: An In Silico and In Vitro Approach to Traditional Medicine.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is hallmarked as a silent progressive rheumatic disease of the whole joint. The accumulation of inflammatory and catabolic factors such as IL6, TNFα, and COX2 drives the OA pathophysiology into cartilage degradation, synovia inflammation, and bone destruction. There is no clinical available OA treatment. Although traditional ayurvedic medicine has been using Boswellia serrata extracts (BSE) as an antirheumatic treatment for a millennium, none of the BSE components have been clinically approved. Recently, β boswellic acid (BBA) has been shown to reduce in vivo OA-cartilage loss through an unknown mechanism. We used computational pharmacology, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics to present solid evidence of BBA therapeutic properties in mouse and primary human OA joint cells. Specifically, BBA binds to the innate immune receptor Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) complex and inhibits both TLR4 and Interleukin 1 Receptor (IL1R) signaling in OA chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and synoviocytes. Moreover, BBA inhibition of TLR4/IL1R downregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis and MAPK p38/NFκB, NLRP3, IFNαβ, TNF, and ECM-related pathways. Altogether, we present a solid bulk of evidence that BBA blocks OA innate immune responses and could be transferred into the clinic as an alimentary supplement or as a therapeutic tool after clinical trial evaluations.

Comparison of Bacterial Microbiota in Raw Mare's Milk and Koumiss Using PacBio Single Molecule Real-Time Sequencing Technology.

Koumiss is a traditional fermented raw mare’s milk product. It contains high nutritional value and is well-known for its health-promoting effect as an alimentary supplement. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial diversity, especially lactic acid bacteria (LAB), in koumiss and raw mare’s milk. Forty-two samples, including koumiss and raw mare’s milk, were collected from the pastoral area in Yili, Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China. This work applied PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to profile full-length 16S rRNA genes, which was a powerful technology enabling bacterial taxonomic assignment to the species precision. The SMRT sequencing identified 12 phyla, 124 genera, and 227 species across 29 koumiss samples. Eighteen phyla, 286 genera, and 491 species were found across 13 raw mare’s milk samples. The bacterial microbiota diversity of the raw mare’s milk was more complex and diverse than the koumiss. Raw mare’s milk was rich in LAB, such as Lactobacillus (L.) helveticus, L. plantarum, Lactococcus (Lc.) lactis, and L. kefiranofaciens. In addition, raw mare’s milk also contained sequences representing pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus succinus, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Klebsiella (K.) oxytoca, and K. pneumoniae. The koumiss microbiota mainly comprised LAB, and sequences representing pathogenic bacteria were not detected. Meanwhile, the koumiss was enriched with secondary metabolic pathways that were potentially beneficial for health. Using a Random Forest model, the two kinds of samples could be distinguished with a high accuracy 95.2% [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.98] based on 42 species and functions. Comprehensive depiction of the microbiota in raw mare’s milk and koumiss might help elucidate evolutionary and functional relationships among the bacterial communities in these dairy products. The current work suffered from the limitation of a low sample size, so further work would be required to verify our findings.

Uso de suplementação alimentar na musculação: revisão integrativa da literatura brasileira

O presente trabalho objetivou analisar a literatura cientifica brasileira acerca do uso dos suplementos alimentares em relação aos praticantes de musculação. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com busca realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), no mês de novembro de 2016, utilizando os termos “musculação” e “suplemento”. Inicialmente surgiram 244 estudos, dentre os quais somente seis foram tidos como relevantes para compor o estudo. Os resultados apontam pesquisa quantitativa como preferência no delineamento metodológico dos estudos, bem como as regiões Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste do país como cenário geográfico. Sugerem a prevalência do uso dos suplementos alimentares com o objetivo principal para o ganho de massa muscular e força, e, desse modo, a maior procura vem em relação às proteínas e aminoácidos, tendo o público masculino como prioritário, com uma preocupação com a estética. Além disso, alertam a influência da mídia, principalmente em relação ao destaque da imagem do “corpo perfeito”, que colabora com a ingestão desnecessária. Dessa forma, os resultados mostram que o uso da suplementação alimentar para os praticantes de musculação é prioritariamente para fins estéticos, com objetivos de ganho de massa muscular ou perda de gordura corporal. Assim, conclui-se que a utilização dos suplementos alimentares cresce cada vez mais, com destaque para os que contém como base, os aminoácidos e as proteínas, tendo como principais consumidores os homens, para fins estéticos e hipertrofia muscular.

Restricción del amamantamiento en vacas del sistema cría libre

Con el fin de aumentar la tasa de preñez, la cual se encontraba disminuida por la incidencia de anestro postparto prolongado, en la finca Andalucía, se aplicó la tecnología «restricción del amamantamiento a 30 minutos cada día». Se tomaron 38 vacas que tenían más de un mes de paridas, que no se habían observado en calor y que a la palpación rectal se encontraron vacías. Se conformaron 2 grupos de vacas homogéneos en cuanto a números de partos y días postparto, uno que se cometió a restricción del amamantamiento y otro que sirvió de grupo control. Las crías del grupo sometido a restricción del amamantamiento solo mamaron durante 30 minutos cada día, el resto del tiempo se mantuvieron en pastoreo separadas de sus madres, y se les ofreció adicionalmente un suplemento alimenticio. Este manejo se mantuvo hasta cuando la vaca presentó calor. Las crías del grupo control permanecieron con su madre las 24 horas del día. Se realizó palpación rectal al inicio y cada 3 meses. Durante el tiempo que se aplicó la tecnología se registraron las siguientes variables: porcentaje de preñez, días abiertos, peso al ternero al inicio de la restricción y al destete, costo de la tecnología. Con la aplicación de la restricción del amamantamiento a 30 minutos cada día, se aumentó el porcentaje de preñez en 32% y se redujeron los días abiertos y días partos al primer calor en 61 y 41 días respectivamente. El peso de los terneros al destete fue menor en 20Kg para los terneros sometidos a restricción, debido posiblemente al alto estado de enmalezamiento de los potreros (>40%), ocasionado por problemas de seguridad en la zona, que impidieron la visita de supervisión y control del ganadero a su finca. Con la aplicación de la tecnología se obtuvo un aumento en el ingreso neto(en pesos del año 2000) de $12’352.500. El aumento significativo en porcentaje de preñez, compensa económicamente el menor al destete, haciendo viable y atractiva la aplicación de la tecnología en estos sistemas de producción.

The effect of tannic acid on bone mechanical and geometric properties, bone density, and trabecular histomorphometry as well as the morphology of articular and growth cartilages in rats co-exposed to cadmium and lead is dose dependent.

Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are toxic elements that accumulate to the largest extent in bones. Rats were used to investigate whether tannic acid (TA; 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%. 2.0%, or 2.5%) would have a protective effect on the structure and properties of bones in the case of exposure to Cd and Pb (diet: 7 mg Cd/kg and 50 mg Pb/kg) for 6 weeks. The effects of administration of TA in Cd- and Pb-poisoned rats on bone characteristics and the morphology of articular and growth cartilages were determined. All the rats administered Cd and Pb had an enhanced Cd and Pb concentration in blood plasma and bone and reduced bone Ca content irrespective of the TA administration. Cd and Pb alone reduced the mechanical endurance and histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone and the thickness of the growth plate and articular cartilage. Tannic acid improved cancellous bone parameters in the rat exposed to Cd and Pb. A diet rich in TA improved articular cartilage constituents in heavy metal-poisoned rats. These results suggest that alimentary TA supplementation can counteract in a dose-dependent manner some of the destructive changes evoked by Cd and Pb possibly by reducing the exposure.

Evaluation of the effect of the mixture of palm tree and glicerin to obtain a bovine supplement

In Colombia, African palm oil is produced at a big scale and it is mainly used for biodiesel production. This process generates a significant amount of by-products, such as palm tree and glycerin, which have important nutritional characteristics. The aim of this investigation was the evaluation of the effect of the mixture of palm tree and glycerin on the development of a bovine alimentary supplement. For the formulation of the supplement, the content of raw fiber was evaluated using the gravimetric method, and the content of protein using Biuret’s method based on albumin, to three combinations (45% palm tree, 17,5% glycerin; 50% palm tree, 12,5% glycerin, and 55% palm tree, 7,5% glycerin). It was determined that the formulation with better nutritional content was 45% palm tree, 55% glycerin, since this combination contributes the metabolizable protein required for the animal (12,9%). The calorific capacity contained in glycerine (3,500 Kcal/kg) gives the necessary energy for bovine’s maintenance and growth, besides, it helps to enhance digestion. The fiber content is adequate to improve the rumen function, stimulate salivation, palatability and a better intake of nutrients by bovines.

Produção de leite com vacas mestiças em capim-elefante

A trial was carried out with objective of identifying economical sources of alimentary supplementation for cows milk in exclusive feeding regime of elephant-grass pasture (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Napier), submitted to the fertilization and irrigation. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments: T1 = cows grazing exclusively in elephant-grass pasture; T2 = T1 + bank of leucena protein and T3 = T1 + concentrated ration, supplied in the amount of 1 kg for each 3 kg of milk produced above 5 kg. The largest production milk was obtained of the animals of T3 (11.11 kg of milk/cow/day and 3,594.08 kg of milk/cow/lactation), followed by T2 (9.19 kg of milk/cow/day and 2,740.15 kg of milk/cow/lactation) and T1 (8.54 milk/cow/day kg and 2,520.36 milk/cow/lactation kg). The lower profitability was obtained with cows grazing elephant-grass supplemented with concentrates.

Effect of Lepidium meyenii Walp. on Semen Parameters and Serum Hormone Levels in Healthy Adult Men: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study.

Background/Aims. Products of Lepidium meyenii Walp. (maca) are touted worldwide as an alimentary supplement to enhance fertility and restore hormonal balance. Enhancing properties of maca on semen parameters in animals were previously reported by various authors, but we present to the best of our knowledge the first double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial in men. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of maca on semen parameters and serum hormone levels in healthy adult men. Methods. A group of 20 volunteers aged 20–40 years was supplied by milled hypocotyl of maca or placebo (1.75 g/day) for 12 weeks. Negative controls of semen were compared to the samples after 6 and 12 weeks of maca administration; negative blood controls were compared to the samples after 12 weeks of treatment. Results. Sperm concentration and motility showed rising trends compared to placebo even though levels of hormones did not change significantly after 12 weeks of trial. Conclusion. Our results indicate that maca possesses fertility enhancing properties in men. As long as men prefer to use alimentary supplement to enhance fertility rather than prescribed medication or any medical intervention, it is worth continuing to assess its possible benefits.

Agricultura familiar, dinâmica produtiva e estruturas de mercado na cadeia produtiva do leite: elementos para o desenvolvimento territorial no Noroeste de Minas

The productive chain of milk has great importance for the Territory of Citizenship Noroeste de Minas familiar farmer‟s, representing for them the main source of income. Through interviews with the involved agents in the production and commercialization of the milk, the main results of the work had been gotten. Amongst them, it can be detached that the producers of the region use themselves intensively alimentary supplementation for their milk flock, mainly rations, becoming its cost of high production. The majority of the producers is user of communitarian cooling tanks for storage and commercialization of milk, this is sold for big companies of the milky sector installed in the region to the average price of R$0,60 for liter. Being that, 50% of the price is fruit of bonifications granted to the farmer for the quality and produced amount. Only one dairy of familiar producers was found in the region, and it‟s responsible for a daily capitation of 15 thousand liters of milk. It was also verified that the producers do not have access institutional markets, or for the lack of knowledge or the lack of organizational structure.

Acceptability of an Alimentary Supplement of Whey-Protein Concentrate and TGF- β in Patients with Crohn's Disease.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of an alimentary supplement of bovine whey-protein concentrate (WPC) and TGF-β, unavailable commercially, by patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and determine the chemical composition, solubility, and total amino acids content. The supplement was diluted in water, and an acceptance test was done to evaluate the aroma, flavour, and viscosity of the product using facial hedonic scale (nine-point scale), applied on 54 CD patients. The supplement composition indicated 73.3% protein, 10.5% fat, 2.2% ash, 6.3% water, and 7.7% carbohydrate. The supplement is presented as a good protein source and high content of essential amino acids. The average acceptance for all the attributes was between 5.0 and 6.0, and the flavour was mainly associated with soybean/grain, sour milk, and sweet/vanilla flavour. The results indicated that the supplement provided important nutritional properties for CD patients; however, for a large number of individuals to be encouraged to perform supplementation, it is essential to improve the sensory quality of the product. In order to do so, additional research is necessary to prevent the formation of volatiles which cause off-flavours or to mask undesirable aromas/flavours found in it.

Chronic valproic acid administration impairs contextual memory and dysregulates hippocampal GSK-3β in rats

Valproic acid (VPA), a long-standing anti-epileptic and anti-manic drug, exerts multiple actions in the nervous system through various molecular mechanisms. Neuroprotective properties have been attributed to VPA in different models of neurodegeneration, but contrasting results on its improvement of learning and memory have been reported in non-pathologic conditions. In the present study, we have tested on a hippocampal-dependent learning test, the contextual fear conditioning, the effect of chronic VPA administration through alimentary supplementation that allows relatively steady concentrations to be reached by a drug otherwise very rapidly eliminated in rodents. Contextual fear memory was significantly impaired in rats chronically treated with VPA for 4weeks. To understand the cellular and molecular correlates of this amnesic effect with particular regard to hippocampus, we addressed three putatively memory-related targets of VPA action in this brain area, obtaining the following main results: i) chronic VPA promoted an increase of post-translational modifications of histone H3 (acetylation and phosphorylation) known to favor gene transcription; ii) adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, which has been controversially reported to be affected by VPA, was unchanged; and iii) GSK-3β, a kinase playing a key role in hippocampal plasticity, as well as in learning and memory, was dysregulated by VPA treatment. These results point at GSK-3β dysregulation in the hippocampus as an important parameter in the amnesic effect of VPA. The VPA amnesic effect in the animal model here reported is also supported by some observations in patients and, therefore, it should be taken into account and monitored in VPA-based therapies.

Analysis of epidermal lipids in normal and atopic dogs, before and after administration of an oral omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid feed supplement. A pilot study

Alterations of the lipid expression in the skin of human and canine atopic subjects may be one of the key factors in the disease development. We have analyzed the ultrastructure of the clinically uninvolved skin of atopic dogs and compared it with the lipid composition of their tape-stripped stratum corneum (SC). The effect of a 2 month treatment of atopic dogs by food supplementation with a mixture of essential fatty acids was evaluated on skin samples taken before and after the treatment period. Electron microscopy revealed that the non-lesional skin of atopic dogs exhibited an abnormal and largely incomplete structure of the lamellar lipids with little cohesion between the corneocyte strata. The SC of atopic dogs was characterized by a significant decrease in the lipid content when compared to the healthy controls. Following oral supplementation with the mixture of essential fatty acids, the overall lipid content of the SC markedly increased. This feature was observed both with the free and, most importantly, with the protein-bound lipids (cholesterol, fatty acids and ceramides), the latter constituting the corneocyte-bound scaffold for ordinate organisation of the extracellular lipid bi-layers. Indeed, the semi-quantitative electron microscopy study revealed that the treatment resulted in a significantly improved organization of the lamellar lipids in the lower SC, comparable to that of the healthy dogs. Our results indicate the potential interest of long-term alimentary supplementation with omega-6 and omega-3 essential fatty acids in canine atopic dermatitis.

XXXV Symposium de Cunicultura de ASESCU

The annual Congress of the Spanish Association of Cuniculture (ASESCU) was held in Segovia (Castilla y León) on 27-28th May of 2010. The 35th edition was devoted to analyse the actual situation of the rabbit sector. It was presented an overview of challenges for the future of the Spanish rabbit farms, a review of the competitive factors that affect the rabbit production, and the management systems to ensure food safety in rabbit farms. Moreover, the Technology Platform for Sustainable Agriculture, and a summary of the actions for the promotion of the rabbit meat consumption carried out by the Spanish Rabbit Interprofessional (INTERCUN) were presented in two different conferences. Furthermore, a total of 20 communications were presented in five working sessions. Pathology session analysed a vaccine candidate against RHD, blood lymphocyte populations in multiparous does, the efficacy of Timilcosin, and serological test of blood samples collected in filter paper. Reproduction session studied a new method for artificial insemination, the effect of sperm DNA fragmentation on fecundation ratio, and the effect of development on seminal parameters in bucks. Management and Welfare session included references about the need to carrying technical-economic management in the farms and the link between cage height and welfare. Nutrition session analysed feeding costs, the effect of birth weight and rearing diet on the reproduction of does, the effect of feeding restriction on the productive and pathological parameters of fattening rabbits, the use of barley and lucerne hay on performance of growing rabbits, the effect of dietary short-chain organic acids on performance of growing rabbits, and the influence of a liquid alimentary supplement on fattening rabbits. Morphophysiology and Body Composition session studied intestinal barrier mechanisms and bone content of wild rabbit carcass. &nbsp

No influence of alimentary zinc on the healing of calvarial defects filled with osteopromotive substances in rats

Zinc has been demonstrated to play an important role in bone metabolism and is required for normal growth. However, no studies have investigated the influence of zinc on calvarial bone healing in aged or adult rats. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether alimentary zinc supplementation and depletion affect bone healing of calvarial defects implanted with osteopromotive substances in adult rats. Two 5 mm full thickness critical size bone defects were trephined in the central part of each parietal bone of 60 six-month-old male Wistar rats. The bone defects were filled with demineralized bone matrix (DBM), autogenous bone chips, or were left as unfilled controls. The rats were divided into three groups of 20 rats each and received a semi-synthetic diet containing 20, 60, or 120 mg zinc/kg. After 4 months, the biomechanical integrity of the healing defects was evaluated by a punch out test and the healed defects were examined with histomorphometry. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out by two-way analysis of variance and Wilcoxon's non-parametric signed rank test. Biomechanical testing revealed that the maximum load was significantly higher in DBM-filled defects than in those filled with autogenous bone, and that the defects filled with autogenous bone were stronger than the unfilled controls. The biomechanical findings indicated that the alimentary zinc content did not influence the healing of calvarial defects. No significant difference in maximum load could be established between the three diet groups for any of the filling materials, whereas the highest zinc supplement resulted in an increase in the relative extension on mineralizing surfaces in the control group. Thus, healing of adult rat calvarial defects is not influenced by alimentary zinc supplementation or depletion. Defects filled with DBM were significantly stronger and exhibited significantly more new bone formation than defects filled with autogenous bone or unfilled controls.

Produção de biomassa e teores de carbono, hidrogênio, nitrogênio e proteína em microalgas

O aumento da emissão de CO2 e de outros gases efeito estufa tem gerado debates em nível mundial sobre alterações climáticas e estimulado o desenvolvimento de estratégias mitigadoras. Trabalhos nessa área incluem sequestro de CO2 por meio da produção de microalgas aquáticas. Por essa razão, desenvolveu-se um estudo visando determinar os teores de carbono, hidrogênio, nitrogênio e proteína e a produção de biomassa seca de nove espécies de microalgas marinhas (Nannochloropsis oculata, Thalassiosira pseudonana, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Isochrysis galbana, Tetraselmis suecica, Tetraselmis chuii Chaetoceros muelleri, Thalassiosira fluviatilis e Isochrysis sp.) e uma de água doce (Chlorella vulgaris), em cultivo autotrófico estacionário com objetivo de identificar as mais produtivas e com maior capacidade de fixação de carbono. O experimento foi desenvolvido em sala de cultivo, na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, com iluminação contínua e radiação em torno de 150µmol m-2 s-1, temperatura de 25±2°C, suplementação de ar constante, sendo utilizados erlenmeyers com 800mL de meio de cultura. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados no tempo com três repetições. As espécies C. vulgaris e T. suecica são menos produtivas. Quando se visa à suplementação alimentar, as espécies C. vulgaris e T. Chuii são consideradas interessantes, uma vez que apresentam altos teores de C, N, H e proteína. As espécies N. Oculata, T. pseudonana e C. vulgaris apresentam altos teores de C, demonstrando alta capacidade de fixação de carbono.

DESEMPENHO DE FÊMEAS NELORE DE REPOSIÇÃO COM SUPLEMENTAÇÃO ALIMENTAR NA SECA EM PASTAGENS RENOVADAS

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance in live weight gain (LWG) and economic of Nellore heifers in two strategies of alimentary supplementation: energy-protein (EP) and urea-salt (US). Twelve heifers with approximately twenty months old and initial live weight 306+21 kg were evaluated. The heifers had been kept in renewed pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu. The duration of the experiment was of 55 days. The LWG and LWG/ha (live weight gain for hectare) were evaluated. For the economic analysis was considered operational cost, gross revenue, gross margin and the financial return direct. The heifers of EP showed 0.71 kg/animal/day higher than 0.43 kg/animal/day for SU (P Key words: Economic performance, energy-protein supplements, rearing of heifers, weight profit.

New Therapy for celiac disease

Background. Chitosan is a d-glucosamin polymer extracted by chitin, a shellfish protein. This alimentary supplement has been used in diet for its hypothetical capacity to reduce intestinal fat uptake. In vitro studies suggested that chitosan is able to inhibit gliadin interaction with intestinal mucosa.

Rotulagem de suplementos vitamínicos e minerais: uma revisão das normas federais

In Brazil, there is a steadily increasing offer and demand for products on the basis of vitamins and minerals. According to Brazilian law, the differences in the dosages offered to the consumer in each product are the parameter for its classification as alimentary supplement or medicament. The limit between these two concepts, however, is confusing and lacks clearness. Considering the risk posed by imprudent consumption of such products and seeking to facilitate the interpretation and consolidation of the norms dealing with vitamin and mineral products as well as to create the basis for a master's degree dissertation, a bibliographical survey and evaluation of the entire juridical basis regarding the labeling of these products was conducted. It was concluded that the normative regulations are extensive, complex and of difficult understanding, with a great number of norms dealing with the same subject issued by different authorities. These norms are not consolidated leading to difficult interpretation by retailers, health professionals and consumers and even to failures in the application of these norms by the control authorities. Suggestions are made for helping to correct the failures identified in the study.

Obtenção de comprimidos contendo cálcio de conchas de ostras: pré-formulação e liodisponibilidade comparativa

Osteoporosis is a disease that affects a significant number of people in the world, particularly in developing countries. In this context, the powder of oyster shells, found to be a calcium source, emerges as one opportunity to use the natural resources from the Brazilian coast region for alimentary supplementation. This study proposes the use of this natural source of calcium, incorporated in tablets. The study was developed in two parts. The first was concerned with optimizing the raw material from oyster shells, from the selection process until the transformation of de oyster shell into dust; and with the physicochemical evaluation and preformulation of this dust. The second part consisted of obtaining tablets, from the development until the comparative evaluation of lyoavailability. The studies on preformulation and factorial planning of the excipients (binging agent, levigating agent and disintegrants) have made possible to obtain tables with a similar lyoavailability, in terms of economy and performance, to the medicine reference Os-cal®