Orientation Alignment Research Articles

Analysis of Thermoelectric Properties of Hot-deformed Bismuth Telluride Sintered Materials

Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3)-based alloys are widely used for thermoelectric cooling and power generation at low temperatures, and they are the only commercially available materials for thermoelectric applications below 500 K. The rhombohedral unit cell with a large c/a lattice constant ratio consisting of - Te-Bi-Te-Bi-Te- stacked layers inevitably brings about a large anisotropy in transport properties, which is why texturing is very important in polycrystalline Bi2Te3</sub alloys for maximum performance. In this report, p and n-type polycrystalline Bi2Te3</sub alloys were synthesized and hot-deformed to investigate the effects of texturing on thermoelectric properties. Hot deformation (HD) induces the strong alignment of (001) orientations along the compression direction, and a remarkable increase in the orientation factor F of (001) orientations is observed after HD in both p and n-type materials. All of the hot-deformed polycrystalline samples showed increased electrical conductivity (σ), power factor (PF), and thermal conductivity (k) in the in-plane (IP) direction, and vice versa in the out-of-plane (OOP) direction, which makes the IP direction of the hot-deformed bodies more favorable for module fabrication in terms of power factor, for both p and n-type Bi2Te3</sub-based alloys. However, due to the different degree of anisotropy of k and σ, the figures of merit (zT) were maximized in the OOP direction in the p-type materials after HD, whereas the zTs of the n-type materials were higher in the IP direction. This occurs because the anisotropy factor of electron conduction is higher than that of hole conduction, which more than offsets the advantage of the smaller k in the c-direction of n-type Bi2Te3</sub. The maximum zT of 1.33 (OOP) and 0.90 (IP) were obtained after HD from the p and n-type Bi2Te3 alloys, respectively, which were 9.3% and 18.4% higher than those of as-sintered materials.

A Spin‐Polarized Electron‐Induced MXene‐KBi0.9Co0.1Fe2O5 Photocatalyst for Enhanced Dye Degradation

In photocatalysts aimed to degrade environmental pollutants, photons are generally used as primary stimuli to generate electron–hole pairs to target the chemical bonds to disintegrate. Recently, electron spin has been reported as an essential degree of freedom to improve the performance of photocatalysts. In this work, spin‐polarized electrons and holes are introduced into a brownmillerite KBi0.9Co0.1Fe2O5 semiconductor and a two‐dimensional (2D) MXene composite system by application of an external magnetic field. The spin polarization properties are monitored by measuring the magnetoresistance effect of the MXene‐KBCFO device, which is related to the carrier transfer efficiency. Remarkably, the photocatalytic performance of MXene‐KBCFO is significantly enhanced by the simultaneous application of an external magnetic field and illumination due to the increased number of spin‐polarized photoexcited carriers caused by the synergy effect of the 2D MXene heterostructure together with the ferromagnetic spin ordering. This results in increased reaction hotspots, effective built‐in electric field, extended carrier lifetime, and reduced charge recombination owing to parallel alignment of electron spin orientation. The results show that the efficiency and stability of photocatalytic dye degradation can be effectively enhanced by manipulating the spin‐polarized electrons in the MXene‐based oxide‐perovskite heterostructure photocatalyst.

Effect of solution temperature on the microstructure of 2:17 type SmCo magnets

The exceptional magnetic properties of 2:17 type SmCo magnet material is the results of its unique cellular structure. We conducted a systematic analysis of the evolution of the solid solution temperature on the microstructure of both the solid solution precursor and the final magnet, and revealed the distribution of elements affect by the magnet's properties. The findings show that a considerable number of short-range low-order microregions are observed with discontinuous alignment orientations, and overlapping zones are produced in the solid solution precursor by low-temperature solid solutions. The aging process makes these regions challenging to organize, and a lot of 2:17 R phases form close to 1:5 H cell boundary phase and grain boundary, which impedes the enhancement of magnetic characteristics. Increasing the solution temperature promotes the diffusion of Cu and Fe elements, accelerating the ordering of the 2:17 R phase and aiding in the creation of a cellular structure. The phase evolution of the 2:17 type SmCo magnet can be better understand by referring to the previously conducted research on the impact of solid solution temperature on the microstructure of the solid solution precursor and final magnet.

Ultrastable piezoelectric biomaterial nanofibers and fabrics as an implantable and conformal electromechanical sensor patch.

Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) is a widely used U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved implantable biomaterial that also possesses strong piezoelectricity. However, the intrinsically low stability of its high-energy piezoelectric β phase and random domain orientations associated with current synthesis approaches remain a critical roadblock to practical applications. Here, we report an interfacial anchoring strategy for fabricating core/shell PLLA/glycine (Gly) nanofibers (NFs) by electrospinning, which show a high ratio of piezoelectric β phase and excellent orientation alignment. The self-assembled core/shell structure offers strong intermolecular interactions between the -OH groups on Gly and C=O groups on PLLA, which promotes the crystallization of oriented PLLA polymer chains and stabilizes the β phase structure. As-received core/shell NFs exhibit substantially enhanced piezoelectric performance and excellent stability. An all NF-based nonwoven fabric is fabricated and assembled as a flexible nanogenerator. The device offers excellent conformality to heavily wrinkled surfaces and thus can precisely detect complex physiological motions often found from biological organs.

Atomically self-healing of structural defects in monolayer WSe2

Abstract Minimizing disorder and defects is crucial for realizing the full potential of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) materials and improving device performance to desired properties. However, the methods in defect control currently face challenges with overly large operational areas and a lack of precision in targeting specific defects. Therefore, we propose a new method for the precise and universal defect healing of TMD materials, integrating real-time imaging with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). This method employs electron beam irradiation to stimulate the diffusion migration of surface-adsorbed adatoms on TMD materials grown by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and heal defects within the diffusion range. This approach covers defect repairs ranging from zero-dimensional vacancy defects to two-dimensional grain orientation alignment, demonstrating its universality in terms of the types of samples and defects. These findings offer insights into the use of atomic-level focused electron beams at appropriate voltages in STEM for defect healing, providing valuable experience for achieving atomic-level precise fabrication of TMD materials.

Self-assembly of metal-organic framework (UIO-66-NO2) and MXene for wearable and high-performance flexible pressure sensor

Wearable sensor technology has garnered increasing attention among researchers. In this study, the porous metal-organic framework containing nitroxide (UIO-66-NO2) is pasted onto MXene by hydrogen bonding and then incorporated into PVDF-HFP for electrospinning to fabricate piezoelectric membranes. The porous structure of the metal-organic frameworks significantly contributes to the alignment of electric domain orientation within the piezoelectric membranes post-polarization, and the nitro of UIO-66-NO2 helps to enhance the inductive power effect of the sensor, the piezoelectric constant of the composite piezoelectric membrane reaches 26.1 pC/N, 5.8 times that of the pure PVDF-HFP membrane (4.5 pC/N). The sensitivity reaches 20.99 V/N, which is 5.75 times that of the pure PVDF-HFP sensor (3.65 V/N). We conduct an exploration into the potential mechanisms behind the enhanced piezoelectric properties resulting from the incorporation of MXene and the metal-organic framework. The fabricated flexible pressure sensor exhibits commendable cyclic stability, boasting rapid response and recovery time (20/10.8 ms). The sensor demonstrates the capability to monitor human respiration and pulse, discern various parts of the human body and their respective amplitudes, differentiate between different materials, the pressure sensor has potential applications in human-computer interaction and health monitoring.

Chemically tailored block copolymers for highly reliable sub-10-nm patterns by directed self-assembly

While block copolymer (BCP) lithography is theoretically capable of printing features smaller than 10 nm, developing practical BCPs for this purpose remains challenging. Herein, we report the creation of a chemically tailored, highly reliable, and practically applicable block copolymer and sub-10-nm line patterns by directed self-assembly. Polystyrene-block-[poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-random-poly(methyl methacrylate)] (PS-b-(PGMA-r-PMMA) or PS-b-PGM), which is based on PS-b-PMMA with an appropriate amount of introduced PGMA (10–33 mol%) is quantitatively post-functionalized with thiols. The use of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanethiol leads to polymers (PS-b-PGFMs) with Flory–Huggins interaction parameters (χ) that are 3.5–4.6-times higher than that of PS-b-PMMA and well-defined higher-order structures with domain spacings of less than 20 nm. This study leads to the smallest perpendicular lamellar domain size of 12.3 nm. Furthermore, thin-film lamellar domain alignment and vertical orientation are highly reliably and reproducibly obtained by directed self-assembly to yield line patterns that correspond to a 7.6 nm half-pitch size.

Highly Regular Layered Structure via Dual-Spatially-Confined Alignment of Nanosheets Enables High-Performance Nanocomposites.

Assembling ultrathin nanosheets into layered structure represents one promising way to fabricate high-performance nanocomposites. However, how to minimize the internal defects of the layered assemblies to fully exploit the intrinsic mechanical superiority of nanosheets remains challenging. Here, a dual-scale spatially confined strategy for the co-assembly of ultrathin nanosheets with different aspect ratios into a near-perfect layered structure is developed. Large-aspect-ratio (LAR) nanosheets are aligned due to the microscale confined space of a flat microfluidic channel, small-aspect-ratio (SAR) nanosheets are aligned due to the nanoscale confined space between adjacent LAR nanosheets. During this co-assembly process, SAR nanosheets can flatten LAR nanosheets, thus reducing wrinkles and pores of the assemblies. Benefiting from the precise alignment (orientation degree of 90.74%) of different-sized nanosheets, efficient stress transfer between nanosheets and interlayer matrix is achieved, resulting in layered nanocomposites with multiscale mechanical enhancement and superior fatigue durability (100000 bending cycles). The proposed co-assembly strategy can be used to orderly integrate high-quality nanosheets with different sizes or diverse functions toward high-performance or multifunctional nanocomposites.

AlN: An Engineered Thermal Material for 3D Integrated Circuits

AbstractAluminum nitride (AlN) is a promising material for thermal management in 3D integrated circuits (ICs) due to its high thermal conductivity. However, achieving high thermal conductivity in AlN thin films grown at low temperatures on amorphous substrates poses significant challenges for back‐end‐of‐line (BEOL) compatibility. This study reports high cross‐plane thermal conductivities approaching 90 Wm−1K−1 for sub‐300 nm‐thick AlN films sputter‐deposited at low temperatures (<200 °C) on ordinary SiO2 substrates. The correlations between cross‐plane and in‐plane thermal conductivity, texture, grain size, oxygen content, Al:N atomic ratio, and thermal boundary conductance of these films are explored. These findings reveal the crucial role of grain orientation alignment in achieving high thermal conductivity and high thermal boundary conductance. A method is introduced to effectively monitor the thermal conductivity of the AlN thin films using X‐ray diffraction. This study offers valuable insights that can aid in the implementation of an effective thermal management material in the semiconductor production line.

Orientational alignment of semiconducting carbon nanotubes by the parallel steps of high-index copper foils

Numerous research efforts have focused on the deposition and morphology control of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) to exploit their extraordinary properties to fulfill in building next-generation electronics. However, it is difficult to realize s-SWCNT arrays at the controlled densities and alignments desired for high-performance devices. Here, we developed a novel approach to control the morphology and alignment of s-SWCNTs. Random s-SWCNT networks came into being well-aligned s-SWCNT arrays (within the alignment of 16.9°) along with the recrystallization of copper foils from polycrystalline to single-crystalline. Grain boundary migration induced motion and alignment of s-SWCNTs. In this way, high-quality s-SWCNTs were assembled into well-aligned CNT arrays on single-crystal high-index copper foils. Furthermore, theoretical calculations confirm that the strong binding energy between the s-SWCNTs and the copper edge steps leads to the orientational alignment of the s-SWCNTs on the copper surface.

Flexible, biodegradable ultrasonic wireless electrotherapy device based on highly self-aligned piezoelectric biofilms.

Biodegradable piezoelectric devices hold great promise in on-demand transient bioelectronics. Existing piezoelectric biomaterials, however, remain obstacles to the development of such devices due to difficulties in large-scale crystal orientation alignment and weak piezoelectricity. Here, we present a strategy for the synthesis of optimally orientated, self-aligned piezoelectric γ-glycine/polyvinyl alcohol (γ-glycine/PVA) films via an ultrasound-assisted process, guided by density functional theory. The first-principles calculations reveal that the negative piezoelectric effect of γ-glycine originates from the stretching and compression of glycine molecules induced by hydrogen bonding interactions. The synthetic γ-glycine/PVA films exhibit a piezoelectricity of 10.4 picocoulombs per newton and an ultrahigh piezoelectric voltage coefficient of 324 × 10-3 volt meters per newton. The biofilms are further developed into flexible, bioresorbable, wireless piezo-ultrasound electrotherapy devices, which are demonstrated to shorten wound healing by ~40% and self-degrade in preclinical wound models. These encouraging results offer reliable approaches for engineering piezoelectric biofilms and developing transient bioelectronics.

The influence of immediate occlusal loading on micro/nano-structure of peri-implant jaw bone in rats

PurposeThe objective of the present study was to ascertain the effect of immediate occlusal loading after implant placement on osseointegration and the micro/nanostructure of the surrounding bone.MethodsAfter extraction of a rat maxillary right second molar, an implant was placed immediately with initial fixation (2 N< ). The implants were placed to avoid occlusal loading due to mastication, and in the loaded group, a superstructure was fabricated and subjected to occlusal loading. Bone morphometry, collagen fiber anisotropy, and biological apatite (BAp) crystallite alignment were quantitatively evaluated in both groups after extraction and fixation of the jaw bone at Days 7 and 21 after surgery.ResultsOsseointegration was observed in both groups. Bone morphometry showed significant differences in bone volume, trabecular number, trabecular thickness and bone mineral density (BMD) at Days 21 postoperatively (P < 0.05). A significant difference was also found in the trabecular separation at Days 7 postoperatively (P < 0.05). In the evaluation of collagen fiber anisotropy, collagen fiber bundles running differently from the existing bone were observed in both groups. In terms of BAp crystallite alignment, a specific structure was observed in the reconstructed new bone after implantation, and preferential orientation of BAp crystallite alignment was observed in the longitudinal direction of the implants in the Day 21 postoperative loaded group.ConclusionWhen sufficient initial fixation is achieved at the time of dental implant placement, then the applied masticatory load may contribute to rapidly achieving not only bone volume, but also adequate bone quality after implant placement.

Unobserved heterogeneity in firm performance: The alignment of entrepreneurial orientation and organizational error management culture

Most prior research has focused on the positive relationship between a firm’s entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and its performance. However, errors in entrepreneurial strategies are inevitable. We argue that entrepreneurial firms benefit from an organizational error management culture. Drawing on data from 208 German family businesses, we combined partial least squares structural modeling with finite mixture partial least squares (FIMIX-PLS) segmentation to capture unobserved heterogeneity in firm performance. Our results show that firms align organizational error management culture with the behavioral or attitudinal dimensions of EO. The two identified segments indicate that firms align one at the cost of the other. Error communication emerged as a central link in both segments, mediating EO and firm performance. Overall, the results highlight the importance of aligning cultural practices, particularly the dialogue about errors within firms, with entrepreneurial behaviors and attitudes across managerial and firm levels.

Enhancing Thermal Conductivity in Polymer Composites through Molding-Assisted Orientation of Boron Nitride.

Incrementing thermal conductivity in polymer composites through the incorporation of inorganic thermally conductive fillers is typically constrained by the requirement of high filler content. This necessity often complicates processing and adversely affects mechanical properties. This study presents the fabrication of a polystyrene (PS)/boron nitride (BN) composite exhibiting elevated thermal conductivity with a modest 10 wt% BN content, achieved through optimized compression molding. Adjustments to molding parameters, including molding-cycle numbers, temperature, and pressure, were explored. The molding process, conducted above the glass transition temperature of PS, facilitated orientational alignment of BN within the PS matrix predominantly in the in-plane direction. This orientation, achieved at low filler loading, resulted in a threefold enhancement of thermal conductivity following a single molding time. Furthermore, the in-plane alignment of BN within the PS matrix was found to intensify with increased molding time and pressure, markedly boosting the in-plane thermal conductivity of the PS/BN molded composites. Within the range of molding parameters examined, the highest thermal conductivity (1.6 W/m·K) was observed in PS/BN composites subjected to five molding cycles at 140 °C and 10 MPa, without compromising mechanical properties. This study suggests that compression molding, which allows low filler content and straightforward operation, offers a viable approach for the mass production of polymer composites with superior thermal conductivity.

Effect of forging routes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of newly-developed Ti-44Al-5.5Nb-0.5W-0.5Cr-0.3Si-0.1C alloys

In this study, the effects of forging routes on the microstructure and tensile properties of Ti-44Al-5.5 Nb-0.5 W-0.5Cr-0.3Si-0.1 C (at%) alloys was comparatively investigated. Results showed that the bare ingot forged at 1400 ℃ (BH) exhibited refined lamellar colonies with narrow lamellar spacing. In contrast, dynamic recrystallized γ grains and lamellar structure with thick lamellar spacing formed in the canned sample deformed at 1320 ℃ (CA). In addition, the heat-treated BH-HT sample showed fully recrystallized texture, while the lamellar structure in the CA-HT presented a preferred orientation, i.e., lamellar interfaces were parallel to rolling direction (RD). The mechanical properties of the CA-HT sample test results showed superior room-temperature ductility of 1.68 % and tensile strength of 515 MPa at 950 ℃ due to the lamellar orientation alignment to tensile direction. According to the temperature drop calculation results, both BH and CA forging routes exhibited rapid cooling rates. The initial microstructure at the pre-heating temperature was maintained until a hot deformation sequence was initiated. Therefore, the BH route could be performed in the α+β region, while the CA route could be carried out in the α-forging condition with the 1101̅12 γ texture.

Fabrication and application of flexible piezoelectric sensor based on electrospun PVDF-TrFE nanofibers

Flexible piezoelectric sensors have recently demonstrated great promise for use in wearable electronics and electronic skin. In this study, electrospinning was used to generate piezoelectric PVDF-TrFE nanofiber sensors. The relationship between nanofiber alignment orientation and piezoelectric property was examined. The experimental results demonstrated that the piezoelectric property improved with the increasing of nanofiber alignment orientation. The response time of piezoelectric sensor was 2 ms, and the sensitivity was 0.446 V/N and 0.029 V/N at vibration frequency of 5 Hz and 1 Hz, respectively. In addition, the applications of flexible piezoelectric sensor in human joint movements and surface contact have been demonstrated, indicates the potential in the field of motion monitoring.

Abstract 4271: The ITGA2 (CD49b) collagen receptor excludes the CD8+ T cell infiltration in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Abstract BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cancer (PDAC) is characterized by an enriched extracellular matrix and limited T cell infiltration, which poses challenges for immunotherapy. The significant accumulation of collagen type I (COL1) in PDAC tumor microenvironment raises questions about its functional role in PDAC progression and its interactions with the cellular compartments. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate whether the collagen receptors expressed by cancer cells modulate the anti-tumor activity of CD8+ tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes (CD8+ TILs).METHODS: Collagen receptor expression patterns in PDAC were examined using flow cytometry, western blot, multiplex immunofluorescence, RNA seq, and scRNA seq databases in KPC and treatment-naïve PDAC that were resected from patients. The KPC cell line, known as Hy15549, was established from KPC mouse model (Ptf1-Cre; LSL-KRAS-G12D; Trp53 Lox/+). Using CRISPR-Cas9, we conducted targeted deletions for either ITGA2(CD49b) or ITGB1(CD29), as well as generating double knockouts for both CD49b and CD29. Growth of these cell lines implanted into the flanks of immunocompetent, immunodeficient mice was measured, as well as after CD8+ T cell depletion in immunocompetent mice. We analyzed TILs using FACs. We used multiplex immunofluorescence to analyze tumors microenvironment including collagen fiber alignment. Downstream signaling pathways were assessed using RNA seq and western blot. RESULTS: CD49b is highly expressed specifically in PDAC cancer cells, as assessed in both KPC cell flank tumors and resected human PDAC. Using adhesion assay, we found that CD49b specifically binds to Col1 rather than ColIV. KPC CD29b KO exhibited a complete loss of adhesion to both Col1 and ColIV. Tumor growth of the KPC CD49b KO, KPC CD29 KO, KPC CD49b CD29 KO was observed to be significantly slower than KPC WT despite identical in vitro growth kinetics. Knockout of CD49b in tumors promoted intratumoral infiltration of CD8+ T cells and significantly impeded tumor growth. Tumor growth by KPCCD49bKO was rescued by depletion of CD8+ T cells. In contrast to observations in immune-competent mice, KPCCD49bKO tumor growth was similar to KPCwt in immunodeficient nude mice. Analysis of downstream signaling in KPCCD49bKO tumors revealed a decrease of FAK as well as pFAk expression pathway. The proteomic profiling of KPCCD49bKO revealed an increase of CXCL10 chemokine. Moreover, In the absence of CD49b, the orientation of collagen fiber alignment appeared more scattered, with thinner fibers. This altered alignment could potentially contribute to immune cell infiltration.Conclusion:These findings reveal a previously unreported function of CD49b in PDAC cancer progression and the immune response within the TME. Together, our study reveals a mechanism underlying immune exclusion and suggests a novel immunotherapeutic target in PDAC. Citation Format: Ibrahim Ragab Eissa, Eric D. Abston, Darshini Kuruppu, Yongtao Wang, Guoliang Qiao, Motaz Qadan, Michael Lanuti, Kenneth K. Tanabe. The ITGA2 (CD49b) collagen receptor excludes the CD8+ T cell infiltration in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4271.

Single-center experience with Knee+™ augmented reality navigation system in primary total knee arthroplasty.

Computer-assisted systems obtained an increased interest in orthopaedic surgery over the last years, as they enhance precision compared to conventional hardware. The expansion of computer assistance is evolving with the employment of augmented reality. Yet, the accuracy of augmented reality navigation systems has not been determined. To examine the accuracy of component alignment and restoration of the affected limb's mechanical axis in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), utilizing an augmented reality navigation system and to assess whether such systems are conspicuously fruitful for an accomplished knee surgeon. From May 2021 to December 2021, 30 patients, 25 women and five men, underwent a primary unilateral TKA. Revision cases were excluded. A preoperative radiographic procedure was performed to evaluate the limb's axial alignment. All patients were operated on by the same team, without a tourniquet, utilizing three distinct prostheses with the assistance of the Knee+™ augmented reality navigation system in every operation. Postoperatively, the same radiographic exam protocol was executed to evaluate the implants' position, orientation and coronal plane alignment. We recorded measurements in 3 stages regarding femoral varus and flexion, tibial varus and posterior slope. Firstly, the expected values from the Augmented Reality system were documented. Then we calculated the same values after each cut and finally, the same measurements were recorded radiologically after the operations. Concerning statistical analysis, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient was estimated, while Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was performed when needed. A statistically significant difference was observed regarding mean expected values and radiographic measurements for femoral flexion measurements only (Z score = 2.67, P value = 0.01). Nonetheless, this difference was statistically significantly lower than 1 degree (Z score = -4.21, P value < 0.01). In terms of discrepancies in the calculations of expected values and controlled measurements, a statistically significant difference between tibial varus values was detected (Z score = -2.33, P value = 0.02), which was also statistically significantly lower than 1 degree (Z score = -4.99, P value < 0.01). The results indicate satisfactory postoperative coronal alignment without outliers across all three different implants utilized. Augmented reality navigation systems can bolster orthopaedic surgeons' accuracy in achieving precise axial alignment. However, further research is required to further evaluate their efficacy and potential.

How does goal orientation affect employees’ perception of abusive supervisors?

PurposeGoal orientation shapes employees’ approach to and interpretation of workplace aspects such as supervisors’ behavior. However, research has not fully examined the effect of goal orientation as an antecedent of abusive supervision. Drawing from victim precipitation theory, this study aims to fill this research gap by investigating how employees’ goal orientation influences their perception of abusive supervision.Design/methodology/approachTwo studies were conducted to test the hypotheses. In Study 1, 181 employees in 45 departments participated in the survey, and multilevel confirmatory factor analysis, two-level path model and polynomial regression were used. In Study 2, 108 working adults recruited from a professional online survey platform participated in a two-wave time-lagged survey. Confirmatory factor analysis, hierarchical linear regression and polynomial regression were used.FindingsThis study found that employees’ learning goal orientation was negatively related to their perception of abusive supervision. In contrast, performance-avoidance goal orientation was positively related to their perception of abusive supervision, whereas performance-approach goal orientation was unrelated to this perception. Moreover, employees’ perception of abusive supervision was greater when learning and performance-approach goal orientation alignment occurred at lower rather than higher levels, and when performance-avoidance and performance-approach goal orientation alignment occurred at higher rather than lower levels.Originality/valueThis research identified two novel victim traits as antecedents of abusive supervision – employees’ learning goal orientation and performance-avoidance goal orientation. Furthermore, adopting a multiple goal perspective, the authors examined the combined effects of goal orientation on employees’ perception of abusive supervision.

Tailoring Polymorph, Crystal Orientation, and Large-Scale Alignment in Conjugated Polymers via Rubbing for Field-Effect Transistors

Tailoring Polymorph, Crystal Orientation, and Large-Scale Alignment in Conjugated Polymers via Rubbing for Field-Effect Transistors