Alignment Of Foot Research Articles

Relationship between Bony Alignment of Foot and Scoliosis in Children and Adolescent

Relationship between Bony Alignment of Foot and Scoliosis in Children and Adolescent

Does the Sagittal Radiographic Morphology of Subtalar Joint Affect the Alignment of Foot?

The etiology of flatfoot and cavus foot is multicausal and controversial. So far, no literature reports the relationship between the sagittal morphology of subtalar joint and the alignment of foot. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the subtalar alignment would influence the configuration of foot. From January 2017 to January 2020, we included 109 feet in the flatfoot group, 95 feet in the cavus group, and 104 feet in the control group in this retrospective comparative study. The Gissane angle and calcaneal posterior articular surface inclination angle represented the sagittal morphology of the subtalar joint. Meary's angle, calcaneal pitch angle, and talar pitch angle reflected the alignment of foot. They were measured in the weightbearing foot X-rays. The angles in different groups were compared via Mann-Whitney U test. We calculated the correlation between the sagittal alignment of subtalar joint and the alignment of foot using Spearman's correlation analysis. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability were calculated. The Gissane angle, calcaneal posterior articular surface inclination angle, Meary's angle, talar pitch angle, and calcaneal pitch angle were significantly different in the three groups. The Gissane angle had an excellent correlation with the Meary's angle (r = 0.850, p < 0.0001), and the talar pitch angle (r = -0.825, p < 0.0001), and a good correlation with the calcaneal pitch angle (r = 0.638, p < 0.0001). The calcaneal posterior articular surface inclination angle had an excellent correlation with the Meary's angle (r = -0.902, p < 0.001), and the talar pitch angle (r = 0.887, p < 0.0001), and a good correlation with the calcaneal pitch angle (r = -0.702, p < 0.0001). The interobserver and intraobserver reliability for all radiographic measurements was good to excellent. A subtalar joint with a larger Gissane angle and a more horizontal calcaneal posterior articular surface angle tended to have a higher foot arch and vice versa. The inspiration from this study was that the deformities of flatfoot and cavus foot may relate to the subtalar deformity.

Changes of the gait induced by two different conservative methods applied to correct flexible flat feet in children 5 to 9 years old: foot orthoses vs foot orthoses supplemented with Zukunft-Huber manual therapy

Abstract Study aim: A flexible flat foot (FFF), one of the most common postural deformities among children, should not be perceived as an isolated problem of static alignment of foot and ankle, but as a part of dynamic biomechanical chain of a lower extremity, pelvis, and lower back. The aim of the study was to compare the impact of two methods, used for treating FFF, on the gait pattern in children after 12 months treatment. Material and methods: 49 study participants with FFF were randomly assigned to one of the two intervention methods. One group was treated with foot orthoses (FOs), the other group with manual therapy, corrective bandaging and FOs. Results: After one year of therapy, no significant differences were observed within either group before and after treatment regarding dimensional, spatio-temporal parameters, and ground reaction forces. However, noteworthy changes emerged in hip flexion moment, ankle plantar flexion moment, and ankle power in the group treated with the combined method. In the FOs-treated group, significant changes were found in ankle plantar flexion moment and ankle power. Conclusion: The observed changes in joints’ peak moments and powers in both groups were positive changes, but the combine method seems to be more effective than wearing FOs only.

Foot Print Analysis and Prevalence of Flat Foot among Children of Rural India – A Study Protocol

Introduction: Foot shape and its proportions changes gradually during normal growth of human beings, but the mechanical stresses during bipedal locomotion are a key factor for development of foot. To sustain static position and to arrange for stable base while performing various functional activities, Foot plays major role in it. Deformities in lower extremities of children’s are being very common. As this conditions are physiological, that’s why most of the time this conditions do not require treatment. In an average 90% of patient who are visiting to clinic for foot problem are flat foot. Primary manifestation of flat foot is decreasing in longitudinal arch, which shows that while standing or walking, there is transmission of whole body weight towards the medial side of foot sole. This is the main reason for which flat foot is considered as problem of static alignment of foot and ankle structure.&#x0D; Objective: To analyze footprint of children and to determine prevalence of flat foot, their anthropometric measurement, Prevalence of structural pathologies of foot and correction of foot prints and radiological evaluation of 8 – 13 years age group of children.&#x0D; Methodology: All the visiting patients of orthopedic department of AVBRH of age group 8 – 13 year, with sample size. Examination will be done along with radiological examination, radiological assessment and different anthropometric will include Plain X-ray of both feet.&#x0D; Results: We expect that, anthropometric measurements of rural children may differ from other literatures.

Triple Arthrodesis for Equinovarus Foot using Ilizarov Technique: A Retrospective Study

Introduction: Equinovarus foot deformity is a significant problem in adolescents and its treatment remains challenging. Triple arthrodesis, even though an effective palliative tool in management of complex foot deformity, has its own limitations if it is done for acute deformity correction. Ilizarov technique offers gradual deformity correction, fusion and takes care of many known complications of acute correction. However, there are very few studies about effectiveness and functional outcome of triple arthrodesis for equinovarus deformity when done gradually with an Ilizarov fixator. Aim: To study the effectiveness of triple arthrodesis, performed with Ilizarov technique for equinovarus foot deformity in adolescents and adults and to evaluate the early functional outcome and patient satisfaction rate for this procedure. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 22 feet in 20 patients with equinovarus foot deformity between January 2015 and December 2018 was done. Patients underwent gradual deformity correction and triple fusion with Ilizarov fixator. Foot was assessed for any residual deformity and shortening. Functional outcome and patient satisfaction were assessed by Ankle Hind Foot Scale (AHFS) and Likert scale, respectively using paired t-test. Final analysis was done with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Results: Twelve males and eight females with mean age of 15.9±3.4 years fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included for final analysis of results. Fusion rate was 86.1% with mean union time of 12.5 weeks. Mean AHFS improved from 61.27 before surgery to 76.9 which was statistically significant (p&lt;0.0001). One or more complications were seen in 15 (68.1%) feet but were managed satisfactorily without any significant impact on final outcome. Patient satisfaction rate for the procedure was 80%. After a mean follow-up of 18.1 months, plantigrade foot with equal foot length was obtained in all patients. Conclusion: Triple arthrodesis with gradual deformity correction by Ilizarov technique effectively corrects equinovarus foot deformity and foot length discrepancy. Known complications of acute deformity correction can be avoided with equally good results. It corrects deformity and restores alignment of foot more accurately leading to a high patient satisfaction rate.

Development of 3D printed orthotic device for flat foot problem

Foot pain, mainly flat foot, has been a major health issue of people all over the globe. It has been attributed to their sedentary lifestyle as compared to the past. Prime reasons for foot pain to occur even among normally arched individual are zero exercise, putting on excessive weight, prolonged sitting and standing etc. People in the age group of 60–65 years face the effect of flat foot. It is observed that even people from the middle age group of 40–60 years are also developing this issue because of their lifestyle. People from the age groups lesser than these are also developing flat foot issues in the recent times. Doctors have suggested treatments like performing physical activities, consuming medicines and using orthotic aids to control the problem. Orthotic aids commonly suggested are insoles, cushions, massage pads, medical shoes etc. Utilization of orthotic aids provides relaxation to the foot. Silicon material is typically used for making orthotic aids through injection molding process. However, it is also reported that there is lack of comfort while using these devices. To resolve this issue, an attempt is made to provide an alternative to the traditionally manufactured orthotic aids. Prime focus has been on designing and developing a 3D printed orthotic aid that improves lower limb alignment of foot and also promotes relief to the various foot pain issues. This comprises achieving an optimized design through analysis and manufacturing using 3D printing.

The effect of subtalar hyperpronation on the pelvic alignment during stance phase of walking

arch support, insole with medial arch support and medial heel wedge, and insole with medial arch support and lateral fore foot wedge. Results: Applying a medial arch support with lateral wedge significantly reduced the pelvic angle in sagittal plane in comparison with simple insole (11.69◦ ±1.67, 13.12◦ ±1.72 respectively) (P=0.005). However, the two other insoles did not affect this angle (P>0.05). Discussion and conclusions: Medial arch support with lateral forefoot wedge decreased the anterior pelvic tilt in flat footed subjects. This insole may reduce the functional foot malalignment by unloading themedial longitudinal archanddecreasing thehind foot pronationand forefoot supination.However, theother orthotics did not significantlydecrease the sagittal pelvic angleprobablybecause they could not alter the alignment of foot sufficiently. It can be concluded that a medial arch support with lateral forefoot wedge has an immediate effect on reducing the anterior pelvic tilt. Therefore, it may minimize the possibility of musculoskeletal injuries in flat footed subjects.