Algebra Of Quasi-symmetric Functions Research Articles

Rigidity for the Hopf Algebra of Quasisymmetric Functions

We investigate the rigidity for the Hopf algebra QSym of quasisymmetric functions with respect to the monomial, the fundamental and the quasisymmetric Schur basis, respectively. By establishing some combinatorial properties of the posets of compositions arising from the analogous Pieri rules for quasisymmetric functions, we show that QSym is rigid as an algebra with respect to the quasisymmetric Schur basis, and rigid as a coalgebra with respect to the monomial and the quasisymmetric Schur basis, respectively. The natural actions of reversal, complement and transpose of the labelling compositions lead to some nontrivial graded (co)algebra automorphisms of QSym. We prove that the linear maps induced by the three actions are precisely the only nontrivial graded algebra automorphisms that take the fundamental basis into itself. Furthermore, the complement map on the labels gives the unique nontrivial graded coalgebra automorphism preserving the fundamental basis, while the reversal map on the labels gives the unique nontrivial graded algebra automorphism preserving the monomial basis. Therefore, QSym is rigid as a Hopf algebra with respect to the monomial and the quasisymmetric Schur basis.

Toward a polynomial basis of the algebra of peak quasisymmetric functions

Hazewinkel proved the Ditters conjecture that the algebra of quasisymmetric functions over the integers is free commutative by constructing a nice polynomial basis. In this paper, we prove a structure theorem for the algebra of peak quasisymmetric functions (PQSym) over the integers. It provides a polynomial basis of PQSym over the rational field, different from Hsiao's basis, and implies the freeness of PQSym over its subring of symmetric functions spanned by Schur's Q-functions.

A Hopf-power Markov chain on compositions

In a recent paper, Diaconis, Ram and I constructed Markov chains using the coproduct-then-product map of a combinatorial Hopf algebra. We presented an algorithm for diagonalising a large class of these "Hopf-power chains", including the Gilbert-Shannon-Reeds model of riffle-shuffling of a deck of cards and a rock-breaking model. A very restrictive condition from that paper is removed in my thesis, and this extended abstract focuses on one application of the improved theory. Here, I use a new technique of lumping Hopf-power chains to show that the Hopf-power chain on the algebra of quasisymmetric functions is the induced chain on descent sets under riffle-shuffling. Moreover, I relate its right and left eigenfunctions to Garsia-Reutenauer idempotents and ribbon characters respectively, from which I recover an analogous result of Diaconis and Fulman (2012) concerning the number of descents under riffle-shuffling. Dans un récent article avec Diaconis et Ram, nous avons construit des chaînes de Markov en utilisant une composition du coproduit et produit d’une algèbre de Hopf combinatoire. Nous avons présenté un algorithme pour diagonaliser une large classe de ces “chaînes de Hopf puissance”, en particulier nous avons diagonalisé le modèle de Gilbert-Shannon-Reeds de mélange de cartes en “riffle shuffle” (couper en deux, puis intercaler) et un modèle de cassage de pierres. Dans mon travail de thèse, nous supprimons une condition très restrictive de cet article, et ce papier se concentre surune application de cette amélioration. Nous utilisons ici une nouvelle technique de projection de chaînes de Hopf puissance pour montrer que la chaîne de Hopf puissance sur l’algèbre des fonctions quasi-symétriques est la chaîne de Markov induite sur les ensembles des descentes dans le “riffle shuffling”. De plus, nous faisons le lien entre les fonctions propres à droite et à gauche et respectivement les idempotents de Garsia-Reutenauer et les caractères en rubans, ce qui nous permet de retrouver un résultat analogue à Diaconis et Fulman (2012) concernant le nombre de descentes dans le “riffle shuffling”.

Quasi-symmetric functions and the KP hierarchy

Quasi-symmetric functions arise in an approach to solve the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy. This moreover features a new nonassociative product of quasi-symmetric functions that satisfies simple relations with the ordinary product and the outer coproduct. In particular, supplied with this new product and the outer coproduct, the algebra of quasi-symmetric functions becomes an infinitesimal bialgebra. Using these results we derive a sequence of identities in the algebra of quasi-symmetric functions that are in formal correspondence with the equations of the KP hierarchy.

Coherent permutations with descent statistic and the boundary problem for the graph of zigzag diagrams

The graph of zigzag diagrams is a close relative of Young's lattice. The boundary problem for this graph amounts to describing coherent random permutations with descent-set statistic, and is also related to certain positive characters on the algebra of quasi-symmetric functions. We establish connections to some further relatives of Young's lattice and solve the boundary problem by reducing it to the classification of spreadable total orders on integers, as recently obtained by Jacka and Warren.

The Algebra of Quasi-Symmetric Functions Is Free over the Integers

Let Z denote the Leibniz–Hopf algebra, which also turns up as the Solomon descent algebra and the algebra of noncommutative symmetric functions. As an algebra Z=Z〈Z1, Z2,…〉, the free associative algebra over the integers in countably many indeterminates. The coalgebra structure is given by μ(Zn)=∑ni=0Zi⊗Zn−i, Z0=1. Let M be the graded dual of Z. This is the algebra of quasi-symmetric functions. The Ditters conjecture says that this algebra is a free commutative algebra over the integers. In this paper the Ditters conjecture is proved.

Quantum quasi-symmetric functions and Hecke algebras

The algebra of quasi-symmetric functions is known to describe the characters of the Hecke algebra of type at v = 0. We present a quantization of this algebra, defined in terms of filtrations of induced representations of the 0-Hecke algebra. We show that this q-deformed algebra admits a simple realization in terms of quantum polynomials. For generic values of q, the algebra of quantum quasi-symmetric functions is isomorphic to the one of noncommutative symmetric functions. This gives rise to a one-parameter family of Hilbert space structures on the algebra of noncommutative symmetric functions, as well as to new interesting bases.