Alexander The Great Research Articles

SEMANTICS OF ADVERBS IN THE LANGUAGE SYSTEM

It is the grouping of words that make up the vocabulary of the language on the basis of their meaning, form, and functions. It is considered parts of speech that words form various groups according to their semantic, morphological, and syntactic signs. In modern linguistics, parts of speech are classified into various: main (autocemantic) parts of speech: noun, adjective, numeral, pronoun, verb, adverb; auxiliary (synsemantic) parts of speech: conjunction, particle; exclamation, imitative, and vocative words. The history of training on parts of speech is very ancient. According to Aflatun, according to ancient Greek scholars, who distinguished the verb from the names back in the fifth century BC, the sentence was corrected as a result of the connection of these names with the verbs. In Alexandrian period grammars, the amount of parts of speech has been increased to eight (name, verb, verb adjective, article, pronoun, adverb, affix, conjunction). In Alexandrian grammars, they have tried to interpret parts of speech morphologically rather than syntactically. In the linguistics of ancient times, the classification of parts of speech was actually subordinated to logic: parts of speech were identified with members of the sentence, which were considered equal to members of the sentence, hence the logical categories. However, at least in part in that classification, it was differentiated based on the presence of grammatical forms and meanings. Until the middle of the XIX century, parts of speech in linguistics were interpreted as a logical grammatical category. In the nineteenth century, linguistics in general, especially the field of morphology, developed a lot. During this period, many and various languages are studied, and as a result, the question arises: on the basis of what criteria it is necessary to classify parts of speech, are there differences in parts of speech in different languages, if so, what are they? At that time, the morphological principle was taken as the main criterion for parts of speech. Such a formal-morphological approach to the problem of parts of speech. It is characteristic of Jespersen’s research. He considered parts of speech to be “formal groups of words”, taking as the main criterion whether they have a verbal form or not. In this respect, he grouped the words as follows: words that are spoken, words that are conjugated, words that are not spoken, and words that are not conjugated.

Education and Medical Practice in Ancient Greece, the Alexandrian Period and the Western Roman Empire: Advantages and Disadvantages from a Contemporary Perspective

During pre-Hippocratic times, medical education and practice in Greece were influenced by supernatural and religious beliefs. With Hippocrates of Cos, the doctor ceased to be a religious healer to become a naturalist, since he studied disease for the first time as an objective natural phenomenon. Medical schools were founded with a model of education of disciples, with great ethical content, without study plans or formal title. They prioritized observation over theory. Aristotle influenced medicine for more than 2,000 years. Even though he was not a physician, his contributions to medicine were substantial. He was considered the founder of comparative anatomy, created the Lyceum of Athens and emphasized the importance of one's own observation and experience to be a good doctor and not just a philosopher. Later, the leading role in medical education passed into the hands of the School of Alexandria, where the first chair of anatomy in history originated. In the cities of Cos, Cnido, and Alexandria medicine was taught with an educational model that persisted until the first part of the Middle Ages, based on: freedom (teacher and student defined their own goals), disciple learning (started from observation: “see how I do it so you can do it later”): teaching-learning process based on the experience over the texts; strong ethical content (do good and do no harm). During the Roman Empire, the Greek knowledge was preserved and strengthened by the hand of Claudius Galenus and progress was made in the construction of the first hospitals, an assortment of instruments and medical specialization. Both periods, Greek and Roman, were independent of religious influences; a situation that propitiated an exercise and a rational medical education. However, with few exceptions, there was no place for women.

One Homer, or Two? Some Suggested Stylistic Separators in the Homeric Poems

How many Homers (if any)? This is a question that has bedevilled professional Hellenists since the Alexandrian period. Luckily, such misgivings have not, in general, disquieted students or casual readers, who simply read, study, and enjoy the two lengthy epic poems traditionally ascribed to a composer or, if you lower the date a little, an author, to whom generations have given the name “Homer.” In 1955 the distinguished British Classicist D. L. Page delivered a set of lectures at Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania, entitled The Homeric Odyssey whose main thesis was that the two epics were composed in separate places ( a fortiori by different authors), independently of each other. My project in the study that follows is to examine more closely the stylistic features called into court by Page to attest to the separateness of the two works in respect of authorship. My ulterior motive is to look for explanations of the discrepancies Page claims to have found on a hypothesis other than separate authorship. Page’s linguistic “separators,” as they might be termed, fall into several categories: dialectal, the words used and especially those with the intensifying prefix ἐρι- “exceedingly”; morphological, e.g. datives plural with the short termination -οις vs. the long -οισι; metrical, the lengthening (or not) of naturally short vowels before mute + liquid or nasal; lexical, words, phrases and formular expressions that are favoured by the Iliad and which might be expected to occur also in the Odyssey but don’t, and vice versa, words and formular phrases found exclusively or predominantly in the Odyssey but which are rare in or totally absent from the Iliad.

DHUL-QARNAYN: THE CONQUEROR OF THE WORLD, HIS REALITY AND HIS WORKS ACCORDING TO THE PEOPLE OF INTERPRETATION AND HISTORY AND IN THE ARAB LITERARY HERITAGE

This study addresses the search in an effective and influential historical figures in human nodal, and moral and cultural, and was a prominent and dangerous in world history to attend, and in the three monotheistic religions, is heavenly, which is of centuries, or Alexander the Great of Macedonia, or other, with accounts of various, It is a personal aroused controversy and controversy around it, between historians and commentators, and even the writers of the Arabs, ancient and modern, and appeared for him studies, and numerous articles and scientific books, tried their authors, and worked hard to reach a determined, find out his name, and the reason for his title, and his time, came the study to reveal the depth of the crisis In recording and investigating, with the Arabs and Muslims, in the past and the modern, and to show the extent to which these classifiers deviate from the true goal of the Quran and the Qur’an, and the Holy Qur’an. Q, implanting belief in the souls.

Alexander the Great’s Route to Gaugamela and Arbela

Alexander the Great’s Route to Gaugamela and Arbela

K.R. Moore, ed. Brill’s Companion to the Reception of Alexander the Great

K.R. Moore, ed. <i>Brill’s Companion to the Reception of Alexander the Great</i>

Greeks, Barbarians and Alexander the Great: The Formula for an Empire

Greeks, Barbarians and Alexander the Great: The Formula for an Empire

Soldier, Priest, and God: A Life of Alexander the Great, written by F. S. Naiden

Soldier, Priest, and God: A Life of Alexander the Great, written by F. S. Naiden

The Treasures of Alexander the Great: How One Man’s Wealth Shaped the World by Frank L. Holt

The Treasures of Alexander the Great: How One Man’s Wealth Shaped the World by Frank L. Holt

Аристотель и политика Александра Македонского

Аристотель и политика Александра Македонского

Landforms of the World with Google Earth :Understanding our Environment

Google Earth's reach extends from the layman who pins his home to the Earth, to the professional scientific journals asking for KML files of study areas. A revolution to the power of ten would have been witnessed by mankind if Google Earth was available during the era of Alexander the Great or Charles Darwin. The popularity and utilization achieved by Google Earth since inception into the cyber world in 2004 is simply marvellous. This all embracing coverage of Google Earth , which has elevated the status of maps and images from esoteric collections housed in dusty libraries to cutting edge technology is brought out well in this book.

Augustus and Alexander the Great at Athens

Augustus and Alexander the Great at Athens

By the Spear: Philip ii, Alexander the Great, and the Rise and Fall of the Macedonian Empire, written by Ian Worthington

By the Spear: Philip ii, Alexander the Great, and the Rise and Fall of the Macedonian Empire, written by Ian Worthington

Alexander the great

Alexander the great

ARTICLES: Xenophon’s Cyrus, Alexander φιλόκυρος. How carefully did Alexander the Great study the Cyropaedia?

ARTICLES: Xenophon’s Cyrus, Alexander φιλόκυρος. How carefully did Alexander the Great study the Cyropaedia?

Iconografía egiptizante en la zona de Campania = Egyptianizing iconography in the Campania

The development of the isiac cult in the Campania has allowed the study of their rituals and liturgical forms, but has also revealed the desire of the new faithful to recreate egyptianizing exotic environments. The typical iconography of divinities protagonist of the Osiris myth, were already hellenized since Alexandrian period, however, in the Latin sphere, were specially appreciated those objects characterized by an aesthetic close to the Egyptian art. These objects included certain works imported from Egypt, but also pieces made in Latin territory with strong Alexandrian influences, probably made in this type of iconography especialized workshops. The existence of these workshops can be deduced from different findings that display many similarities in terms of not only the technique but also iconographic and epigraphic repertoire.

Articles: Xenophon’s Cyrus, Alexander φιλόκυρος. How carefully did Alexander the Great study the Cyropaedia?

Articles: Xenophon’s Cyrus, Alexander φιλόκυρος. How carefully did Alexander the Great study the Cyropaedia?

Alexander the Great: themes and issues

Introduction 1. The Macedonian Background 2. Philip II: The Founder of Alexander's Greatness? 3. Alexander and the Greeks 4. Alexander and the Army 5. Alexander's Empire 6. Alexander and Deification 7. The End of Conquest 8. Alexander's Legacy

Ethnomedicinal profile and conservation status of plant biodiversity in Alexander the Great Valley, District Shangla, Pakistan

A comprehensive study was carried out to elaborate ethno-medicinal profile and conservation status of Plant biodiversity in Alexander the great Valley, District Shangla, Pakistan. It is one of the world's most interesting and historical areas, not only for its natural resources and medicinal plant diversity but also for old relics or ruins of Alexander the Great that is attracting national and global interest. The valley is named as Alexander the great Valley due to stay of Alexander the great, and its old relics or ruins are still found in the Pir Sar area. The study revealed 32 medicinal plants belonging to 26 families consisting of 19 taxa of annual herbs followed by 6 taxa of trees, 4 taxa of shrubs, 2 taxa of climbers and 1 taxon of saprophyte. For documenting the ethno-medicinal and socio economic profile of the study area, a simple questionnaire was developed and filled through interview from representative of various ethnic groups. The botanical name, followed by local name, family, part used and ethno- medicinal uses in different folk was recorded. The main aim of the study was to document and explore the indigenous knowledge of local people belonging to different ethnic and socio economic backgrounds of the study area about medicinal plants. Key words: Medicinal plants, conervation, Alexander Valley, Shangla, Pakistan.

La translatio in Perceforest: dalla materia alessandrina alla materia arturiana

Perceforest introduces an original union between Classical and the Arthurian subject-matter, and makes Alexander the Great into Arthur’s ancestor. This article presents Alexander’s virtues and values, paying attention to the poet’s original use of the topos of translatio, which converts Alexander into a character more Arthurian than Macedonian.