Alexander Nikolaevich Research Articles

Key thematic groups of vocabulary in the comedy

INTRODUCTION. A comedy in five acts by the Russian dramatist Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky “The Forest” (1823–1886) is one of the most perfect and complex in terms of plot structure of the Russian playwright. The relevance of this study is determined by the need to study the language of one of the most complex plays by A.N. Ostrovsky, the lexical and phraseological features of which have not received detailed coverage in domestic science. The purpose of the study is to identify the key thematic groups of vocabulary in the comedy of A.N. Ostrovsky “The Fo rest”.MATERIALS AND METHODS. During the analysis of linguistic units, structural-semantic and linguostylistic research methods are used.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Analysis of the lexical-semantic organization of A.N. Ostrovsky’s comedy “The Forest” showed that the words and phraseological units of the key semantic fields “Theater” and “The Forest” reflect the problems and conflict of the play, evaluate the characters of the work, their actions and deeds.CONCLUSION. The identified words and phraseological units, objectified by theatrical vocabulary, vocabulary of flora and fauna, are text-forming in nature and reflect the solutions to the artistic problems of the author, who uses linguistic units in both direct and figurative meanings, which often expands the semantic scope of linguistic signs.

«Нашу семью называли в городе “благословенной семьей”…» (к биографии Александра Николаевича Пыпина)

The work deals with the questions of the biography of the outstanding Russian scientist-humanitarian, academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences A. N. Pypin (1833–1904). The purpose of the study is to identify and summarize materials about the Saratov period of the scientist’s life, to present the history of his family, to reveal the role of his father and mother in intellectual and spiritual development. The study of a wide range of memoirs, documentary and epistolary sources resulted in establishing that the history of the noble family of the Pypins dates back to 1791. The ancestors on the father’s side, N. D. Pypin, were clerical workers, on the side of the mother A.E. Golubeva they were priests. It is shown that A. N. Pypin was brought up in a religious family, with high moral ideals, in the atmosphere of love and care. The role of parents in the formation of his humanitarian interests is significant. It is noted that the love of books and reading that distinguished Alexander Nikolaevich from an early age came from his family, from his mother, and was a natural necessity for all younger family members. Parents formed a picture of the world of their son by various means. If the mother did so through literature, primary educational knowledge, then the father formed it by means of contact with real life. He introduced his son to the world of peasant life, of serfdom. According to the scientist, N. D. and A. E. Pypins had a significant impact on the formation of his personality, influenced the choice of life priorities. The paper publishes for the first time the primary source about the birth of A. N. Pypin, the record in the metrical book of Saratov Church of the Holy Saviour, the formulary lists of his great-grandfather, grandfather and father.

Александр Николаевич Швырков у истоков поискового движения и создания музея истории пожарной охраны в Академии ГПС МЧС России

The article shows the contribution of Alexander Nikolaevich Shvyrkov, a fourth-generation firefighter, to the formation and development of the search movement, as well as to the creation of the museum of fire service history at State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia. The material contains photographs from the archive of the Department of Fire Safety in Technological Processes and the family archive of the fire dynasty of the Shvyrkovs. The article is addressed to students of State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia. The material can be used in extracurricular activities for educational purposes.

Alexander Nikolaevich Gladyshev: The Path in Politics of a Siberian Social-Democrat

The article reconstructs the biography of the Omsk socio-political figure, journalist, editor, revolutionary, social-democrat A. N. Gladyshev. Despite the fact that he played a considerable role in the revolutionary movement in Siberia in 1905–1907, 1917, in the city life of Omsk in the inter-regilization period, a separate scientific publication about his biography, has not yet been written. This is largely due to the fact that he initially entered the menshevik fraction and negatively reacted to the arrival of the Bolsheviks to power in the fall of 1917. At the same time, his biography multiplictly reflects the features of the fate of the intellectual in the Russian province, which is not side to political events. The study revealed the role of A. N. Gladyshev in the formation of his nephew — the famous Soviet figure V. V. Kuibyshev. The basis for conducting the study was a set of unpublished sources identified by the author in the funds of the historical archive of the Omsk region, the Omsk State History and Local Lore, Media and memories of A. N. Gladyshev’s activities in the memoirs of revolutionaries. The correspondence of the 1950s 1970s has the greatest information potential for this production. A. N. Gladysheva with an Omsk historian, candidate of historical sciences P. L. Trofimov. At the same time, the biography of Gladyshev requires further, more detailed reconstruction, since far from all documents, the numerous memories of A. N. Gladyshev were identified. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion about the importance of the documentary heritage of A. N. Gladyshev, as an active participant in historical processes in Siberia.

О первоначальной редакции пьесы «Страх» сталинского драматурга Александра Афиногенова. 1930-е гг.

The article examines the work of Stalinist playwright Alexander Nikolaevich Afinogenov (1904-1941) through the prism of his complicity in the ideological campaigns of the Bolshevik Party. The study of the impact of party-state ideology on the broad masses of people during the Stalinist era is a priority direction of historical science. However, this direction needs further thematic and problematic expansion. The ideological campaigns of the Bolshevik Party in the 1930s found their artistic expression on the theatrical stage, in the plays of the most famous playwrights. This interaction between propaganda and theater art has not been studied sufficiently. There are practically no generalizing works. This is partly due to the fact that sufficient empirical material has not yet been accumulated. Almost every play by A. N. Afinogenov corresponded to one or another vector of the ideological struggle of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. The play "Fear" (1931), which became a full-scale artistic expression of one of the most powerful ideological campaigns conducted by the Bolshevik Party until the time of the "Great Terror" - the campaign to "purge" state and party organs, is of particular interest. The original manuscript of this play, found in the Moscow Art Theatre Museum, significantly expands the understanding of how the play was understood by contemporaries. The initiator of the changes in the text of the play was K. S. Stanislavsky, who persuaded A. N. Afinogenov to introduce the figure of the "investigator" into the play. A. N. Afinogenov significantly remade the main pictures of the play - the eighth and ninth, in fact, they were rewritten anew. The play "Fear" was staged in two theaters - in the State Drama Theater (Leningrad) and in the Moscow Art Theater (Moscow). In Leningrad, where the performances began earlier than in Moscow, they used the original text of the play (at least until the end of 1931), and in Moscow used the revised version. This in no way contradicted A. N. Afinogenov, the playwright, who saw his work as a continuation of the ideological struggle in the artistic images of Soviet dramaturgy. In the found original version of the play and in the revised version there are different accents in the characterization of the characters of the play (in the eighth and ninth pictures, the final ones). But it was not the artistic side of the theatrical work that mattered, but the ideological basis, the meaning of which in both editions was reduced to the most important postulate of totalitarianism - to recognize the class basis of morality, to renounce oneself, one's views, one's "own" science, to erase one's former life in order to enter the "objective" state of collective unanimity without one's own personality.

Alexander Nikolaevich Konovalov (the 90th anniversary of birth)

Alexander Nikolaevich Konovalov (the 90th anniversary of birth)

Об идейно-мировоззренческих установках П.П. Ершова (на материале приветственных стихов царским особам)

As the research material the salutatory poems to the tsarist persons written by P.P. Ershov on the occasion of the official visit of representatives of the Romanov dynasty to Tobolsk are considered: “To the Sovereign Heir on His Arrival in Tobolsk” (1837; visit to Tobolsk by Tsesarevich Alexander Nikolaevich, the future Alexander II), “To His Imperial Highness Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich on the Occasion of His Arrival in Western Sibe-ria” (1868; arrival in Tobolsk of Alexander II's son). In order to reveal the author’s ideological and worldview attitudes, the salutatory poems are interpreted as occasional works and part of the ceremonial of the official meeting of the members of the tsarist family in the context of P.P. Ershov’s creative biography, life path and in comparison, with the concept of the literary fairy tale “The Humpbacked Horse” (1834). This approach allows to clarify the writer’s attitude to the monarchical power (idea). It is argued that the concept of renewal of national life on sound moral principles, laid by young P. Ershov in the people-oriented world of literary fairy tales and coordinated with the idea of divine responsibility of the monarchical power, finds development in the poems of 1837, 1868.

MEMORIES BY S.V. MAKSIMOV ABOUT A.N. OSTROVSKY: TO THE PREHISTORY OF MEMOIRS

For the first time, the article publishes archival materials related to the creative history of the memoir essays of the writer S.V. Maksimov about A.N. Ostrovsky “Literary Expedition” and “Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky”. The time of the origin of the idea of memories is determined, the circumstances that accompanied the work of Maximov, their close connection with the memories of the founder of the oral story genre I.F. Gorbunov. Genre-forming techniques of Maximov’s everyday writing prose, which bring the writer’s books closer to his memoirs, are revealed. Feedback is also emphasized: in Maximov’s memoirs, pictures of everyday life, the color of the era, descriptions of the environment, folk types and characters predominate. Maksimov’s letters, in particular, to the Moscow collector and founder of the Theater Museum A.A. Bakhrushin. They contain a detailed commentary on the theatrical relics that Maximov sent Bakhrushin to Moscow: little-known details of the history of the Russian theater, the founder of which was Ostrovsky. It is concluded that Maximov’s memoirs about Ostrovsky are presented not only in the textually designed essays “Literary Expedition” and “Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky”, but also in rough sketches, letters, reference and bibliographic notes and in the results of Maximov’s practical activities that contributed to perpetuating the memory of the playwright and popularizing the history of the national theater.

Academician A.N. Kryukov is one of the founders of Russian hematology (on the 145th anniversary of his birth)

The article presents the life and creative path of an outstanding Russian hematologist, an excellent clinician, a talented healthcare organizer, a well-known public figure, the founder of one of the largest hematology schools in our country, academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Honored Scientist of the Uzbek SSR Professor Alexander Nikolaevich Kryukov.

A Symbol behind the Image: Reading the Painting by Alexander Volkov

Alexander Nikolaevich Volkov (1886–1957) is one of the Soviet Uzbekistan fine art founders. He actively taught in Tashkent and had a significant impact on the younger generation of the artists. He was a member of the association "New East Masters", headed the informal group "Volkov's Brigade" trying to solve the problems of monumental painting. In addition, the artist's work has some traces of symbolism and impressionism, cubism and primitive art. This article is devoted to Volkov's painting "Teahouse with a portrait of V.I. Lenin”, created in 1928 and stored in The Karakalpakstan State Museum of Art. This picture was painted at a time when the master, in his own words, again turned to human. Therefore the masterpiece corresponded the request to design a new Soviet way of life, to invent the heroes among workers and dekhkans (peasants). However, behind the simple interpretation of "Teahouse", there is a deep symbolism, thanks to which the images go beyond the scope of an ideological statement, turning into a kind of myth. The novelty of this research can be found in the formulation of a problem that has not previously been considered in the scientific literature - the symbolic interpretation of the works of A.N. Volkov of the "socialist realist" period. This symbolic layer in the artist's works is the additional evidence of his sincere passion from the ideas of the cultural revolution and socialist movement in Central Asia. In addition, Volkov's paintings of the late 1920s and 1930s are often overshadowed by his earlier creative experiments. The purpose of this article is to consider and analyze one of the most revealing work belonged to the late period of the artist oeuvre, to identify the semantic layers behind the “tangible breath of the flesh”.

Alexander N. Yavorsky (to the 75th anniversary of his birth)

This year marks the 75th anniversary of the famous pharmacologist Alexander Nikolaevich Yavorsky.

К 150-летию со дня рождения А. Н. Скрябина (1872–1915) Воспоминания Михаила Фабиановича Гнесина

In this publication, readers are offered a unique archival document stored in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art: the memoirs of Mikhail Fabianovich, the younger brother in the Gnessin family, about Alexander Nikolaevich Scriabin. They describe the meetings and communication of Scriabin with Gnessin, as well as other contemporaries. Although the memoirs were not completed by the author, they nevertheless reveal a new page in the relationship between the two composers, therefore they are of undoubted interest to the reader.

Listy akademika Aleksandra Nikołajewicza Samojłowicza do profesora Tadeusza Kowalskiego

Professor Tadeusz Kowalski (1889–1948) corresponded with scholars from practically all over the world. He was interested in the developments of Oriental studies in the Soviet Union. He valued the publications he received from the USSR, as well as all contacts he had with Russian researchers. He sought to cooperate with Alexander Samoylovich (1880–1938) – one of the most eminent Turkologists in the Soviet Union. This goal had been partially achieved. The archives of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in Kraków now hold, catalogued under ref. No. KII-4, j. 174, just three letters from the Russian Turkologist. Despite their small number, these materials are an engrossing source of knowledge on the state of Soviet Turkish studies in the mid 1920s and the Soviet Oriental studies community. These letters are all the more precious – as the author managed to determine – as the branch of the archives at the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, where the legacy of professor Samoylovich is kept, has no copies. It is interesting that there are no surviving copies of the letters from professor Kowalski to the Russian Turkologist. The article’s purpose is the edition of the letters of Alexander Nikolaevich Samojłowicz – a Soviet turkologist – to Professor Tadeusz Kowalski, including their translation into Polish. These documents constitute a certificate of international academic relations development between scientists from Poland and the Soviet Union in the interwar period.

Alexander Benois Archive: Collection and Distribution

Art historian, artist, and critic Alexander Nikolaevich Benois (1870–1960) collected and systematized his archive both before and after emigration from Leningrad to Paris in 1926. According to his own assessments and according to contemporaries, the materials contained in the archive are valuable for studying the history of art culture at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and as sources for the history of Russian emigration in the first half of the twentieth century. Research and exhibitions devoted to the biography and work of Benois, as a rule, focus on his activities until the autumn of 1926 and narrate the artist’s activities in emigration, not appealing to archival materials of this period. During 34 years of emigration, part of the archive, partially transported from Leningrad, was replenished with new materials of a personal and professional nature. His personal archive became part of the museum’s collections during his lifetime, and after his death it was distributed among several more storage locations in Russia and the United States, still partially remaining in the family. Information about the archival heritage of Benois is extremely scattered, which might explain their insufficient coverage in studies of Russian emigration, as well as ideas about the activities and significance of Benois personality for the artistic and the emigration world of the mid-twentieth century. The article traces the history of the formation and principles of collecting the archive, identifies the reasons and the course of distribution, systematize information about its location and the composition of materials in storage places.

(2817) Proposal to conserve the name Erysimum violascens (Cruciferae)

(2817) Proposal to conserve the name <i>Erysimum violascens</i> (<i>Cruciferae</i>)

Стратегия Несмеянова. К 300-летию Российской академии наук

Alexander Nikolaevich Nesmeyanov, one of the most underestimated presidents of the Academy of Sciences, was a great original-minded scientist who opened up organoelement chemistry to the world as an independent science and later on — an artificial food, to which the world turns again after several decades. These milestones of his biography are well known to scientific community, as well as his leadership of Moscow State University during the new complex construction on the Lenin Hills, creation of INEOS and VINITI. 10-years period of his biography, when he was a President of the USSR Academy of Sciences, is much less known. It was in this position that he manifested enormous talent as an organizer of the country's modern science management system, where the Academy of Sciences played an important role. Many thoughts and deeds of A.N. Nesmeyanov are especially relevant today.

Academician Alexander Nikolaevich Bakulev (1890–1967) (on the 130th anniversary of the birthday)

The article is devoted to academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences A. N. Bakulev-the founder of cardiovascular surgery in the USSR and the first director of the Research Institute of thoracic surgery (since 1961, cardiovascular surgery), who made a significant contribution to the development of issue of stomach and esophageal cancer, x-ray contrast diagnostics and puncture treatment of brain abscesses, ways of treatment of bullet wounds of the skull, spine, brain.

Alexander Nikolaevich Tikhomirov (on his 70th birthday)

Alexander Nikolaevich Tikhomirov (on his 70th birthday)

DAM ON THE GREAT RUSSIAN SEA (Contribution to the interpretation of the Review of the History of Serbian Literature by A. N. Pipin)

The paper aims is to present and evaluate the Review the History of Serbian Literature A. N. Pipin's as a classical history of Serbian literature that became part of the national culture. The development of the history of literature among Serbs, as an independent discipline and its modest beginnings, can be found in the first decades of the 19th century, in the time of Dositej and Vuk. In its beginnings, the history of literature was a "story" about the literary past of a nation and at its core was - criticism. This main idea as an axiom is a signpost that leads from the history of literature, which has long performed the function of criticism, to the genesis of literary criticism as the youngest branch of literary science and the way it formulated and exercised its functions in conditions when literary history was in a certain measures and history of the people. The Serbs received the first History of Serbian Literature (1865) from the pen of Pavel Jozef Šafarik (1795–1861), a Protestant and German student who served in Novi Sad. The next history of Serbian literature was also written by a foreigner, the Russian Alexander Nikolaevich Pipina (1833–1904). His Review the History of Serbian Literature (1865) has not been fully translated into Serbian. When marking questions from the new Serbian literature, Pipin's approach leads to a synthesis of ideas about cultural and political and national development. Slavery replaced the idea of revival "among Orthodox Serbs who fled to Austria". From that perspective, he views the development of national literature as an important part of culture and identity. Pipin also deals with the issue of national identity and the awakening of the national consciousness of the Slavs in his extensive study "Panslavism in the Past and Present" (1878), in which "the Serbian national question is incorporated into the general critique of Russian official policy and Slavophile orientation in the Balkans during Eastern Europe crisis". In this paper, we value his competence, cultural mission, the gift of the comparator, without which there is no great literary historian, and his practical contribution to classifying Serbian literature and culture in the European context.

А. Н. ГЛАГОЛЕВ НА ИДЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ ФРОНТЕ ИЗОБРАЗИТЕЛЬНОГО ИСКУССТВА КРЫМСКОЙ АССР (1928–1946)

The article describes the activities of Alexander Nikolaevich Glagolev, a Crimean artist who was the most prominent figure in the ideological field of the fine arts of the Crimean ASSR. Working first as an artist, and then as head of the illustration department of the newspaper «Red Crimea», he made every possible effort to implement state policy in all spheres of artistic life in Crimea. Since 1929, he has been developing an unprecedented activity for Crimea, hoping to «wrest artists from the state of dead apoliticality and switch them to serving the interests of the revolutionary proletariat», while educating a generation of young, ideologically literate artists. As the main platform for the implementation of his plans, A. N. Glagolev uses the newspaper «Red Crimea», on the pages of which not only his illustrations and cartoons appear, but also fairly large articles urging artists and photographers to be closer to socialist construction. His merits include the organization of an art exhibition dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the Sovietization of Crimea, the First All-Crimean Exhibition of Amateur Art, as well as an exhibition of professional and amateur artists in the Moscow State Museum of Oriental Cultures «Art of the Soviet Crimea». A. N. Glagolev was the founder and chairman of the Crimean Society of Revolutionary Artists «Izofront». He tried to provide support to representatives of amateur and national art.