Alexander Alexandrovich Research Articles

Professor Alexander Alexandrovich Limberg (1894–1974) (on the 130th anniversary of his birth)

Professor Alexander Alexandrovich Limberg (1894–1974) (on the 130th anniversary of his birth)

Zurov Alexander Alexandrovich (1863–1937), major-general retired, Jägermeister, acting manager of the office at the court of grand duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna: a found face

This article, as well as our previous ones («Vestnik of the Perm Federal Research Center» № 3, 2021, and № 3, 2022), is devoted to the 300th anniversary of the city of Perm (1723–2023), and continues our investigation on the identification of historical personalities who took the active part in the reception of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna and her sister – Princess Victoria von Battenberg in Perm in July 1914. As a reminder, in the book, published by the Demidov Institute (Yekaterinburg, 2007), «I.F. Koshko, Memories of the Governor, 1911–1914» there were some mistakes revealed in the representation of personalities in the group photo taken in the garden of the governor's house in Perm. As it turned out, not only V.I. Europeus and A.P. Kornilov, but also many other persons were incorrectly indicated. Since there is no information concerning this photo found in Perm archives and in «Permskie vedomosti» of 1914, we hope our investigation will be interesting not only to local historians, but also to everyone who is interested in history. In the article, we give brief information about each person presented in the photo and, most importantly, provide additional photos confirming the identity of those persons.

Can Alexander Zinoviev Be Considered Nationally Oriented and Conservative? (Critical Notes on the Works by Alexander Zinoviev)

This paper examines the question of whether the Russian thinker Alexander Alexandrovich Zinoviev can be reckoned among nationalist conservatives, and provides a reasoned negative answer. One of the reasons for this is Alexander Zinoviev’s sharply negative and even nihilistic attitude towards the Russian Orthodox Church and historical, pre-revolutionary Russia, which was unthinkable for any real Russian conservative. Therefore, his views could be conditionally labeled as Soviet conservatism. But even here there are nuances that complicate matters greatly, which are discussed in this paper. It is also noted that despite the great hype around the name of Alexander Zinoviev, his creative heritage is still very poorly studied at the moment. The paper briefly considers his creative evolution, his propensity for positivism starting from his dissertation. The pros and cons of his concept of communism as the core of all Alexander Zinoviev’s ideas are analyzed in more detail. The poverty of its basic ideological scheme and its weak prognostic abilities are noted. At the end of the paper, three points are highlighted stating why Alexander Zinoviev cannot be considered a real conservative. Firstly, this is his sharply negative attitude towards historical Russia and Orthodoxy. Secondly, this is the ahistoricism of his project on logical sociology and the positivism associated with it. Thirdly, Alexander Zinoviev became an apologist of the Soviet social system only after it left the stage of history, that is post factum. During the active period of the Soviet social system, Alexander Zinoviev always criticized and satirised it sharply.

To the 100th Anniversary of Birth of the Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Merited Scientist of the Russian Federation, Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR Alexander Alexandrovich Zhdanov (1923‒2002)

To the 100th Anniversary of Birth of the Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Merited Scientist of the Russian Federation, Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR Alexander Alexandrovich Zhdanov (1923‒2002)

Alexander Maximow’s reflection in his followers scientific works

The contribution of the Russian histologist and pathologist Alexander Alexandrovich Maximow (1874–1928) to domestic and world science and practice is undoubted and recognized in the world. His research on the pathology of inflammation, the phylogeny of hematopoiesis, and the cyto- and histophysiology of connective tissue, he performed by experimental-histological and cultural methods more than 110 years ago. Their results made it possible to approve the dominance of the monophyletic model of hematopoiesis, to develop the doctrine of the reticuloendothelial system, and to obtain valuable data on the concept of mesenchymal reserve in the tissues of an adult organism.A.A. Maximow lived a short but extremely busy life. Many of his breakthrough results became the starting point for development by his immediate employees and ideological successors; among them are outstanding names: N.N. Anichkov, N.G. Khlopin, A.A. Zavarzin, V.M. Danchakova and other prominent researchers.Key achievements of A.A. Maximow are in the foundation of basic approaches to the development of therapeutic cellular technologies of our time.

Александр Еленкин — основоположник криптогамной ботаники в России

Alexander Alexandrovich Elenkin is considered as the founder of the Russian lichenological school and one of the founders of other areas of cryptogamic botany in Russia — algology, mycology, phytopathology, and bryology. Elenkin was born 150 years ago in Warsaw, but almost all his life since 1898 he worked at the Botanical Institute in St. Petersburg. Elenkin has created the Cryptogamic Herbarium, in the walls of which brilliant scientists, specialists in various fields of cryptogamic botany grew up under his leadership. The life of the talented and enthusiastic scientist, teacher and organizer, who devoted himself entirely to science, was not easy, especially at the end, and tragically ended in 1942 in Kazan.

Александр Александрович Еленкин — ключевая фигура российской ботаники начала XX века

This year marks 150th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding Russian cryptogamist, Alexander Alexandrovich Elenkin. He is renowned as the pioneer of the Russian cyanobacterial science school and one of the founding figures in Russian lichenology. A. A. Elenkin has made a titanic work on describing the flora of blue-green algae of the USSR, and created the first domestic identification book of this group. In addition to fundamental scientific research, which has not lost its relevance to this day, Elenkin prepared a pleiad of brilliant students who continued the development of Russian cryptogamic botany. It was through the efforts of A. A. Elenkin that the process of development of individual branches of Russian botanical science — algology, lichenology, bryology, was launched, which spread to many scientific centers of Russia.

Ekonomicheskij perevorot Aleksandra III: ot svobodnoj torgovli k protekcionizm

The article is devoted to the consideration of the circumstances of the transition to protectionism in the reign of Alexander III. In the 1860s and 1870s, the “free trade"policy of finance minister M.Kh. Reitern led to the stagnation of heavy industry and lagging behind western countries. The protest of Slavophile business circles against “free trade" was conveyed to the heir to the throne, Alexander Alexandrovich, through professor I.K. Babst. In 1881, the heir became the Emperor Alexander III, Pobedonostsev - his closest adviser, and Katkov -“the mouthpiece" of the new political course. The industrialists gained the right to vote, in 1882, a large Trade and Industrial Congress was convened, which demanded the introduction of protective duties. After a long period of pressure on the liberal minister of finance N.Kh. Bunge (and his resignation), duties were introduced that ensured the accelerated development of Russian heavy industry and partially overcome the backlog.

Саратовская церковная интеллигенция в годы гонений. Материалы к биографии А.А. Соловьёва

The article collects and systematizes biographical materials about the life of the most prominent representative of the Saratov church intelligentsia in 1920–1930, Alexander Aleksandrovich Solovyov, who played an important role in upholding OrthodoXy in Saratov. A. A. Solovyov, a lawyer by education, as a very young man led the lay resistance to the Renovationist turmoil of 1922. During the most difficult years for the Church in 1922–23, at the age of 25 he was one of the leaders of the Saratov church life, thanks to him the renovationists in the Saratov diocese achieved almost nothing. In the 1930s, during the campaign to close churches, the rectors and members of the parish councils of the churches of Saratov turned to Alexander Alexandrovich for legal assistance. Understanding perfectly well the danger to which he exposed himself, Alexander Alexandrovich again entered the struggle for the Church. For the first time, the article introduces into scientific circulation the materials of two archival and investigative cases from the Archive of the Federal Security Service of the Saratov Region.

Moscow as Perceived by Alexander II’s Elder Sons

This article examines the attitude to Moscow of Grand Princes Nicholas Alexandrovich and Alexander Alexandrovich; the latter became Emperor Alexander III afterwards. The opinion has taken root in historiography and become self-evident that the peacemaker tsar loved the ancient capital like no other ruler of the Russian Empire. The article aims to reconstruct the attitude of Alexander III and his elder brother to Moscow and understand why it arose and how it changed over time. The research methodology considers the achievements of the new political history, the history of everyday life, and the history of emotions. The article refers to unpublished letters, diaries, and memoirs of contemporaries, the grand princes’ diaries, and their correspondence with Alexander II, Empress Maria Alexandrovna, Grand Princes Mikhail Nikolaevich, and Vladimir Alexandrovich, which have not been introduced into scholarly circulation previously. The analysis makes it possible to assert that warm feelings for Mother See did not arise in the tsar-liberator’s eldest sons immediately. The formation of their attitude toward the ancient capital was influenced by professors of Moscow University invited to teach the Grand Princes, such as statistician I. K. Babst, lawyer K. P. Pobedonostsev, and historian S. M. Solovyov. Also, the princes were influenced by the conservative Moscow periodicals they read and Empress Maria Alexandrovna. Unlike the Tsarina, Alexander II was suspicious of the Moscow public, which seemed insufficiently loyal to him. Therefore, his sons’ positive attitude towards Moscow and its society was not something taken for granted. At the same time, attempts to influence the sympathies of the grand princes to the ancient capital pursued the goal not so much to stimulate the tsarevichs’ interest in Moscow antiquities as to make them supporters of “people’s autocracy”, as well as adherents of the “national policy”. In conclusion, the author analyzes the phrase attributed to Alexander III that “Moscow is the temple of Russia, and the Kremlin is its altar” providing arguments about the doubtfulness of its authorship.

История становления и развития микробиологии в Саратовском государственном университете

The review presents the origins of the study of microbiology at the Saratov State University, the formation and development from the establishment of the Department of Microbiology at Saratov University in 1918 under the leadership of Alexei Ilyich Berdnikov to the educational and scientific-practical activities of the Department of Microbiology and Plant Physiology at the present time. The history of the department is closely connected with the activities of outstanding microbiologists Alexander Alexandrovich Bogomolets, Sergey Mikhailovich Nikanorov, the first head of the Department of Microbiology of the Faculty of Biology of SSU – Albert Reingoldovich Werner, heads of the Department Maria Petrovna Gnutenko, Marina Konstantinovna Shcheglova, Pavel Abramovich Chirov, who formed the main directions of scientific research. Pages of the history of our country were reflected in the life of the staff of the department: the repressions of the 1930s, the deportation of the Volga Germans in 1941, the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. In 1955 The Department of Microbiology is combined with the Department of Plant Anatomy and Physiology. The department has become the cradle of scientific and educational departments of Saratov institutions – the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics of SSU, the Department of Microbiology of SSMU, the Federal State Institution of the Russian Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe” of Rospotrebnadzor. Currently, scientific and pedagogical activities of the Department of Microbiology and Plant Physiology of the SSU N. G. Chernyshevsky is provided by the head of the department Sergey Alexandrovich Stepanov, doсents Alexandra Mikhailovna Peterson, Elena Vladimirovna Glinskaya, Denis Valeryevich Utkin, Valeria Valeryevna Korobko, Mikhail Yuryevich Kasatkin.

«Сознательно-товарищеские» начала организационно-управленческой модели А. Богданова

The publication is devoted to the consideration of theoretical foundations in the field of system socio-economic space, which is reflected in the works of Russian philosopher and encyclopedist Alexander Alexandrovich Bogdanov. Based on the concept of socially-organized experience, reflecting the basic principles about the laws of organization, acting in technology (organization of things), economy (organization of people), politics (organization of ideas), the article substantiates the idea of the special role of space and time, first proposed by A. Bogdanov in relation to economic systems in the context of the system economic theory. In this conceptual context the processes of search of new approaches and rethinking of theoretical capital Тs purpose of transformation of economic systems in the direction of increase of their efficiency are considered. One of such sources of national intellectual heritage are the works of Russian philosopher and encyclopedist Alexander Alexandrovich Bogdanov, which outlined the concept of socially organized experience, reflecting basic principles about the laws of organization, operating in technology (organization of things), economy (organization of people), politics (organization of ideas) and the need for their systemic study. Concept A. A. Bogdanov is the first scientific concept, which integrates ideas of cybernetics, general systems theory and synergetic. The author pays attention to A. A. Bogdanov’s attempt to generalize universal organizational laws, controlling the behavior and structure of fundamentally new complex systems, which is described as “general organizational science”. A. Bogdanov was outstanding – both for his time and contemporaneity - attempt of generalization of universal organizational laws, governing the behavior and structure of principally new complex systems. In the article the idea of the special role of space and time, which was first proposed by A. A. Bogdanov, is developed and developed in the article as applied to economic systems in the context of system economic theory, and the conceptual model of qualitative equilibrium interaction of basic economic subsystems is built. On the basis of the presented information model of economic system on the basis of A. A. Bogdanov’s doctrine leads to conclusions that this doctrine in combination with modern systematic economic theory might become the theoretical base of general economic analysis. The arguments in favor of revival of interest to understanding of A. A. Bogdanov’s ideas and, in particular, to understanding of “economy space” and to the concept of “conscious cooperation”, which can supplement or oppose the concept of competition. His basic ideas about society based on consciously comradely principles, which are of scientific interest in the context of regulation of bona fide and non-bona fide behavior of economic subjects, are also noted. The article allows us to approach the estimation of variety of Bogdanov’s ideas from different positions, leaving the possibility for each scientist to form his own view and approach to this process of rethinking of his many theses and instruments. This article on the pages of the journal opens a discussion platform for discussion and the search for scientific and scientific-applied ideas aimed at improving the efficiency of economic systems, the formation of modern concepts and organizational and management principles and mechanisms to improve and develop both economic entities and the economy as a whole.

«Царство красоты»: Абхазия в мемуарных и изобразительных материалах отдела рукописей Российской государственной библиотеки

<p>The article is devoted to the analysis of little-known textual and pictorial materials with views of Abkhazia. The object of the research is the pictorial materials stored in the collection of the RSL Department of Manuscripts, the subject is drawings of coastal, mountain and urban landscapes of Abkhazia. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that it introduces into scientific circulation, systematizes and comments on previously unpublished drawings with views of Abkhazia. Among the authors of drawings as professional artists of the second half of the XIX — beginning of the XX century (Zakhar Afanasievich Chuev, Mikhail Ilyich Bocharov, Alexander Alexandrovich Kiselyov), as well as amateurs who knew the technique of drawing well (Minister of War Dmitry Alexandrovich Milyutin). The revealed materials are analyzed using descriptive, biographical, comparative-historical and artistic-stylistic methods. It is concluded that the presented material expands the ideas of the authors who addressed the topic of the Caucasus. If professional artists tried to show the unusual beauty of the Caucasus and Abkhazia and capture those places that caused a special response in their soul, as well as convey their emotional feelings and experiences, then for an amateur artist D.A. Milyutin, in addition, drawings were necessary as illustrations for information about his official activities. The materials with views of Abkhazia identified in the Department of Manuscripts have practical value for a wide range of researchers studying the history and culture of Abkhazia. Further study of these materials opens up prospects for biographical, artistic-stylistic, figurative-artistic analysis for those researchers who study the creative and life path of the artists discussed in this article. The material will also be useful to philologists who draw parallels between works of verbal and visual art.</p>

Aleksandr Bogdanov’s Concept of Revolution and the Organisation of State

The article is devoted to the controversy of Alexander Alexandrovich Bogdanov, the so-called “another Bolshevik”, with Lenin and his associates on the question of the revolution and the ways of building a socialist society and state. It is shown that Bogdanov expressed a critical attitude towards the revolution and its socialist nature, the ability of the proletariat to play a decisive role in it, and wrote about Russia’s unpreparedness for an anti-capitalist coup, thereby expressing a distinctly marked anti-Leninist position. Based on the analysis of a large corpus of Bogdanov’s works, the authors focused their attention on the following aspects of his work relating to the theme of revolution: the contradictions between Bogdanov and Lenin in its interpretation even before October 1917; Bogdanov’s views on the revolution and real socialism after its completion; his interpretation and evaluation of “war communism”; the program for building socialism in the USSR and the search for ways to form fundamentally new social structures developed in the context of the science of tectology, created by him; Bogdanov’s project “Proletkult” and his utopian novels, in which he foresaw how “socialism in one country” would be built and how the transition from the old exploitative to new forms of human coexistence would be carried out, as well as the danger of the degeneration of democracy into a dictatorship.

Logical Physics and Metaphysics of Love

The 20th century gave the world two outstanding thinkers, two great Russian geniuses – Lev Platonovich Karsavin (1882–1952) and Alexander Alexandrovich Zinoviev (1922–2006). Both of them succeeded in creating their own philosophic concepts, both gave examples of brave opposition to the milieu, circumstances, terror of the authorities and remain in eternity and national history as courageous intellectuals and seekers of the Truth. Their similarity in this aspect is even more symbolic when we consider that the substance of their philosophic concepts is almost in opposition. Karsavin created his ontology as metaphysics of Love, while Zinoviev’s worldview was tragic and pessimistic. According to Karsavin the divine world is fi lled with light and Good, while Zinoviev’s world is full of darkness and Evil. Both thinkers experienced deportation from the Motherland and Karsavin perished in GULAG. The fate was more benevolent to Zinoviev – he managed to return to his Motherland to confront the Evil and protect Russia from Westernism expansion. Zinoviev’s legacy is being developed also nowadays, - in particular, this can be traced by the example of Pelevin’s futurological novels.

A.A. Zinoviev and the Civilizational Approach to History*

The civilizational approach to history is one of the key trends of Russian historiosophy, and is represented by such thinkers as N.Ya. Danilevsky, K.N. Leontiev, L.I. Mechnikov, V.I. Lamansky, and later also by L.N. Gumilyov, V.L. Tsymbursky, E.P. Chelyshev, A.S. Panarin, V.N. Rastorguev. In the article the author examines the possibility of assign to this group of philosophers also Alexander Alexandrovich Zinoviev, - the thinker who predicted many trends in the development of Western civilization and spoke at the beginning of the new century about the dangers of global “cheloveinik” (“human life”), the super-society that was built according to one-dimensional parameters set by Western civilization.

Memories of Alexander Alexandrovich Potapov (1948-2021).

Go up to the 9th floor of the clinical building of the National Center for Neurosurgery. Here is the department of neurotraumatology named after Acad. A.A. Potapov. You are greeted by a portrait of its creator, Alexander Alexandrovich - a shrewd look of a concerned man. Behind the portrait - stands, telling the history of the study of craniocerebral trauma in the Institute of Neurosurgery named after N.N. Burdenko. N.N. Burdenko Institute of Neurosurgery.

«Византийский клавир» Александра Александровича Васильева

The article is devoted to understanding the originality of the creative nature of the largest Byzantinist of the 20th century, a Russian scientist who became the founder of American Byzantine studies, Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867–1953). A. A. Vasiliev entered the history of world science primarily as the author of the systematic work «History of Byzantium», which has not lost its relevance in the scientific and broad public consciousness to the present day. The scientist was an unusually gifted musician-pianist who entered the conservatory, whose passion was the performance of opera claviers. At the same time, he was attracted to the Byzantine East, in-depth scientific knowledge, the fundamental basis for which he received at the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University, thanks primarily to academician V. G. Vasilevsky. The scientist used literature in 12 languages. The ability for a holistic and vivid vision of large-scale canvases: both musical and cultural-historical, was embodied in the capacity and detailed distinctness of the “History of Byzantium”. This book became unique among many works of this genre. The author of the article also shows the stages of perception of Vasiliev’s scientific contribution in the history of Russian science, emphasizing the role of Academician I. P. Medvedev, who is the author of the idea of a thorough study and publication of material from the archives of Russian Byzantines in Saint-Petersburg.

The creative heritage of Alexander Alexandrovich Bogdanov (on the 150th anniversary of his birth). Review of scientific conference

This article is a review of a scientific conference held on November 7, 2023 at the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The event was dedicated to the creative heritage of Alexander Alexandrovich Bogdanov (1873–1928) and dedicated to the 150th anniversary of his birth. The conference examined various aspects of his creative heritage. A.A. Bogdanov owns the philosophical concept of empiriomonism, which is a development of the ideas of positivism, continuing the empirio-criticism of E. Mach and R. Avenarius, on the one hand, and the Marxist approach in the social sciences, on the other. In addition, Bogdanov substantiated the concept of proletarian culture: in a narrow sense, this concept was organizationally formalized as “Proletkult”, but in a broad sense it can be considered as a new stage in the development of culture, based on the idea of collective labor. It is noted that the most famous achievement of A.A. Bogdanov is his tectology - a universal science of management, which was ahead of its time and became, in a certain sense, the forerunner of such scientific directions as the general theory of systems by L. von Bertalanffy, cybernetics by N. Wiener and synergetics by G. Haken. It is shown that Bogdanov's ideas remain relevant for modern science and culture, as they offer important concepts for understanding complex systems, social development and interdisciplinary research. Leading researchers from Russian scientific and educational organizations took part in the conference. A wide range of topics related to the philosopher’s scientific and literary creativity were discussed at the conference. The conference demonstrated the importance and relevance of research into the creative heritage of A.A. Bogdanov.

Materialist and positivist preconditions of Alexander Bogdanov's philosophical views

The article is a study of empiriocritical (positivist) and Marxist (materialist) aspects in the work of the outstanding Russian philosopher, revolutionary and public figure Alexander Alexandrovich Bogdanov. Close attention is paid to the history of the materialist approach in the philosophical constructions of various thinkers, starting from ancient authors and ending with the ideas of E. Mach and R. Avenarius. The ideas of historical development of society based on the positivist approach to the idea of historical materialism and Marxism in general, embodied in his concept of empiriomonism, are also investigated.