Alderley Park Research Articles

High throughput diagnostics and dynamic risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

BackgroundThe rise of new SARS-CoV-2 variants worldwide requires global molecular surveillance strategies to support public health control. Early detection and evaluation of their associated risk of spreading within the population are pivotal.MethodsBetween April 2020 and February 2021, the UK Lighthouse Labs Network at Alderley Park tested more than eight million nose and throat swab samples for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, via PCR. The assay targeted three genomic regions of the virus: N, Orf1ab and S. Whole-genome next-generation sequencing was used to confirm positive PCR results. Positive results were mapped using the postal district origin of samples to allow real-time tracking of the spread of a new variant through the UK.FindingsIn mid-November 2020, the assay identified an increasing number of S gene negative, N and Orf1ab positive samples. Whole-genome sequencing demonstrated that the loss of S gene detection was due to the appearance of a SARS-CoV-2 lineage (B.1.1.7) designated as Variant of concern (VOC) 202012/01. By the beginning of January 2021, the new SARS-CoV-2 VOC comprised 70% of daily positive samples tested at Alderley Park and ∼98% by the end of February 2021.InterpretationThe timeline view identified the rapid spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 variant across England during the first three weeks of December. Coupling high-throughput diagnostics and molecular surveillance was pivotal to the early detection of the spread of this variant. The availability of real-time tracking of an emerging variant is an important new tool to inform decision-making authorities for risk mitigation. In a respiratory pandemic, a tool for the timely response to the emergence and spread of a novel variant is vital, even more so when a variant is associated with the enhanced transmission, as has occurred with VOC 202012/01.

High Throughput Diagnostics and Dynamic Risk Assessment of Variants of Concern

Background: The rise of new SARS-CoV-2 variants worldwide requires global molecular surveillance strategies, in support of public health control. Early detection and evaluation of their risk of spreading within the population is pivotal. Methods: Between April 2020 and February 2021, the Lighthouse Laboratory at Alderley Park Network tested more than eight million nose and throat swab samples for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. The PCR assay used, targets three genomic regions of the virus N, Orf1ab and S. Whole genome next-generation sequencing was used to confirm PCR positive results. Positive sample results were mapped to postal code origin of samples to allow real-time tracking of the spread of the variant through the UK. Findings: In mid-November 2020 the assay identified an increasing number of S gene negative, N and Orf1ab positive samples. Whole genome sequencing demonstrated that the loss of S gene detection was due to the appearance of a SARS-CoV-2 lineage (B.1.1.7) designated as Variant of Concern (VOC) 202012/01. By the beginning of January 2021, the new SARS-CoV-2 VOC had risen to comprise 70% of daily positive samples tested at Alderley Park and ~98% by the end of February 2021. Interpretation: The timeline view identified the rapid spread of the variant across England during the first three weeks of December. Coupling high throughput diagnostics and molecular surveillance was pivotal to the early detection of the spread of this variant. The availability of real time tracking of an emerging variant is an important new tool to inform decision-making for risk mitigation. In a respiratory pandemic, a tool for the timely response to the emergence and spread of a novel variant is vital especially when a variant is associated with enhanced transmission, as has occurred with VOC 202012/01. Funding Statement: The Lighthouse laboratory network was generated using funding from DHSC. Declaration of Interests: None to declare. Ethics Approval Statement: The manuscript was reviewed by the Head of Approvals Support, NHS Health Research Authority (HRA-NHS, UK), who confirmed that the study, which used unlinked and anonymised data was health surveillance and did not require NHS Research ethics review.

Servier in oncology: bringing innovation to patients.

Interview conducted with Claude P Bertrand, PharmD, PhD, Executive Vice President of Servier Research and Development, Chief Scientific Officer, Servier, France. Claude Bertrand speaks to Roshaine Wijayatunga, Senior Editor: Oncology.Dr Claude Bertrand graduated in pharmacy (PharmD) from Strasbourg University, France, and obtained his PhD in Strasbourg with research in the fields of immunopharmacology and neurogenic inflammation. After a 2-year postdoctoral appointment at the University of California, San Francisco, USA, Claude joined the allergy and asthma unit at Ciba-Geigy (later Novartis) in Basel, Switzerland. In 1996, he moved to the Inflammatory Disease Unit at Roche Bioscience, CA, USA, where he became the head of the in vivo pharmacology group and was responsible for supporting projects in rheumatology and respiratory diseases. In 1999, he was recruited as Director of Biology for Inflammation, GI and Pain at Parke-Davies, which later became part of Pfizer where he headed drug discovery. In 2004, Dr Bertrand joined AstraZeneca as Vice President of Discovery for Respiratory and Inflammation Research at Alderley Park, UK, and, in 2005, he was appointed Global Senior Vice President for Respiratory and Inflammation Research Area overseeing research and development activities at three sites in the UK and Sweden. In 2009, Dr Bertrand joined Ipsen, France, as Executive Vice President, Chief Scientific Officer, and from June 2011 was the Executive Vice President for Research and Development, Chief Scientific Officer with a focus on oncology, neurology and endocrinology. In March 2017, he was appointed General Director R&D, Chief Scientific Officer at Servier and has recently been promoted to Executive Vice President R&D. As such, he joined the Executive Committee on 1 November 2018.Claude sits on the Board of Directors of Eclosion2 and ABIVAX, and is also part of the Scientific Advisory Board of MEDALIS. He was the President of ARIIS from 2011 to 2016. Since 2014, he has been on the Board of Hcéres. Claude has published more than 70 papers in peer-reviewed journals, authored 20 chapters and presented more than 100 communications at scientific meetings. Since 1996, he has been a visiting lecturer for PhD student programs at universities in London, Strasbourg, Nancy, Rennes, Orléans and Paris.

Incubator Labs Open In Alderley Park

The U.K. bioscience incubator firm BioCity has introduced open access analytical labs in Alderley Park, a British science park that was formerly the R&D headquarters for AstraZeneca. The labs feature liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and informatics equipment produced by Waters Corp. Alderley Park is home to about 115 life sciences companies. Waters says it is keen to engage with companies in the park to gain deeper insight into their needs and challenges.

Abstracts from The Aerosol Society Drug Delivery to the Lungs 25Edinburgh International Conference Centre Edinburgh, Scotland, UK December 10–12, 2014

Abstracts from The Aerosol Society Drug Delivery to the Lungs 25Edinburgh International Conference Centre Edinburgh, Scotland, UK December 10–12, 2014

Meet Our Editorial Board Member:

I was born in Leningrad, Soviet Union in 1951, and have received my B.Sc. in Biology/Biophysics (1971) and M.Sc. in Biochemistry (1973) from the Faculty of Biological Sciences at the Leningrad State University. After receiving my Ph.D. Degree in Molecular Biology and Cancer Biology (1979) from the Petrov Cancer Research Institute, I was continuing my research as a research scientist there. In 1983, I was accepted as a senior research scientist into a newly organized Department of Genetic Engineering at the Institute of Cytology, Leningrad, USSR. In 1990, I immigrated to Israel and started working as an Instructor at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, where I studied the interferon type I receptor signaling at the Department of Molecular Virology under the supervision of Prof. Michel Revel, the leader in cytokine signaling. During my tenure at Weizmann, I was awarded a British Council Award to study in ICI/Zeneca Pharmaceuticals (Alderley Park, UK) allowing me to extend my expertise in yeast genetic engineering. In 1994, I was invited to join the Johns Hopkins University School of (Baltimore, Maryland, USA), as an Assistant Professor of Pathology, where I have developed a strong long-lasting interest in protein-protein interaction studies in cardiovascular and cancer diseases. This approach helped me to discover a novel midkine-dependent signaling pathway, the regulatory proteins affecting the NOS2 activity/dimerization/ degradation, and finally, I have focused on the p63 transcriptional factor implicated in head and neck cancer and ectodermal dysplasia. In 2000, I was promoted to the rank of an Associate Professor of Dermatology/Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery/Oncology and then later to the rank of Professor. Since then my laboratory was able to discover a molecular mechanism underlying ectodermal dysplasia via p63-dependent regulation of RNA splicing for fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, which functions as a key regulator of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Since 2004, I have become an Associate Director of Head and Neck Cancer Research Division at the Johns Hopkins. In the same year I have become a member of the Graduate Training Program in Cellular and Molecular at JHMI. In 2008, I have joined the Wilmer Glia Research Laboratory Collaborative Network and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and Johns Hopkins Neurofibromatosis Research Center. In 2013, I have also become an Adjunct Professor at the George Washington University (GWIN, SEAS), Washington-DC, USA. To the present date, my collaborative efforts with Drs. David Sidransky and Barry Trink (the researchers who first discovered p53 homologue p63) led to more than 40 international publications, reviews, book chapters and patents on p63 function alone. My name was included in the books 2000 Outstanding Scientists of the 21st Century, Great Minds of the 21st Century and is Who in Medicine (since 2005). I am a Member of the New York Academy of Sciences, International Society on Interferon and Cytokine Research, American Society for Cell Biology, American Association for Cancer Research, International Society for Cell Biology, Society for Investigative Dermatology, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, International Society for Stem Cell Research. I am a Member of the Executive Advlsory Board, Biotech/Medical Board, and Sustainability Board of Lifeboat Foundation, and Task Force: Getting to know Cancer. Halifax Project. In 2014-2015, I was awarded a Distinguished Visiting Professorship by an Ecuador Prometeo Foundation and served in the Department of Human Genetics at the La Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Loja, Ecuador.

PSY36 - Demonstrating the cost effectiveness of Movantik for the treatment of opioid induced constipation in Patients with inadequate response to Laxatives; a UK perspective

• A cost effectiveness model was constructed from the UK payer perspective to compare naloxegol 25mg with placebo, rescue laxatives and methylnaltrexone (MTX) in the LIR population and compared to oxycodone/naloxone (O/N ) in the LIR population taking step 3 opioids. Richard Lawson,1 Helene Vioux, Stuart Mudunkotuwe, Frederic King, Jo Goh, Kevin Marsh,5 AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, UK; AstraZeneca UK Marketing Company, Luton, UK; AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Evidera, Bethseda, MD, USA; Evidera, London, UK

Discovery and optimization of a novel series of Dyrk1B kinase inhibitors to explore a MEK resistance hypothesis.

Potent and selective inhibitors of Dyrk1B kinase were developed to explore the hypothesis, based on siRNA studies, that Dyrk1B may be a resistance mechanism in cells undergoing a stress response.

Underappreciated role of regionally poor water quality on globally increasing antibiotic resistance.

Increasing Antibiotic Resistance David W. Graham,*,† Peter Collignon,‡ Julian Davies, D. G. Joakim Larsson, and Jason Snape †School of Civil Engineering & Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K. ‡Australian National University and Canberra Hospital, Canberra 2605, Australia Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada Institute for Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden AstraZeneca U.K., Global Safety, Health and Environment, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, U.K.

Abstract 2994: Cediranib affects tumor progression and survival of mice bearing patient derived ovarian carcinoma xenografts (EOC-PDX)

Abstract Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGFA/VEGFC) are over-expressed and secreted in large amount in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) (Maneneti et al, 2013; Decio et al, 2013). Cediranib, a potent inhibitor of VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases has recently shown to improve PFS and OS in women with recurrent platinum sensitive ovarian cancer (ICON6 trial). The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of cediranib (AZD2171; AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK) on a platform of patient derived human ovarian carcinoma xenografts (EOC-PDX; n=12), which recapitulates the histopathological and fundamental genetic diversity of the patient tumors and the pharmacological heterogeneity of this type of cancer. The efficacy of cediranib alone and in combination with the-standard-of-care chemotherapy for ovarian cancer (platinum, DDP and paclitaxel, PTX) was investigated on EOC-PDX growing orthotopically and disseminating in the peritoneal cavity of nude mice. Tumor progression (tumor dissemination; soluble VEGFR) and overall survival were investigated. The response of EOC-PDX to cediranib was heterogeneous with some tumors being extremely sensitive, other marginally responsive to the treatment (ILS from 12% to 85%); the length of response depended on the duration of the treatment. Cediranib was significantly active also on advanced stage tumor. Cediranib added to DDP based therapy improved the response to chemotherapy treatment without increase of toxicity; the sensitivity of the EOC-PDX to DDP (platinum sensitive vs. platinum resistant) determined the final outcome. The histopathological analysis at the end of treatment (interim) shows that the combination affected the spread of solid tumor into the peritoneal cavity and ascites formation. The combination of cediranib with combined chemotherapy (DDP/PTX) was studied on one EOC-PDX platinum responsive. The addition of cediranib to DDP/PTX marginally increased the survival of the mice compared to chemotherapy; cediranib continued after chemotherapy (maintenance regimen for 60 days) significantly improved the survival of the mice, with 70% tumor free at the end of the treatment. These results show that the response to cediranib of EOC-PDX reflects the behavior in patients. The heterogeneous response of EOC-PDX to cediranib warrants further studies for better understanding the mechanism of response /resistance to this type of treatment. AD is a fellow of the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC). Citation Format: Alessandra Decio, Marta Cesca, Francesca Bizzaro, Dorina Belotti, Raffaella Giavazzi. Cediranib affects tumor progression and survival of mice bearing patient derived ovarian carcinoma xenografts (EOC-PDX). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2994. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2994

Experimental and mathematical analysis of in vitro Pitavastatin hepatic uptake across species

1. To investigate the non-linear kinetics of in vitro hepatocyte uptake across species, the OATP substrate Pitavastatin was used as a probe.2. Experiments were conducted at AstraZeneca (Alderley Park, Macclesfield) using freshly isolated rat, dog and human hepatocytes, utilising the “oil spin” methodology described by Hassen et al. (1996). Very few mechanistic models have previously been used to characterise the uptake process.3. Here two candidate pharmacokinetic non-linear compartmental models are proposed. Both models have been shown to be structurally identifiable and distinghishable previously, which establishes that all unknown parameters could be identified from the experimental observations available and that input/output relationships for both the candidate models were structurally different.4. A kinetic modelling software package, FACSIMILE (MCPA Software, Faringdon, UK), was used to obtain numerical solutions for the system equations and for parameter estimation. Model fits gave good agreement with the in vitro data and suggest the current widely accepted assumption that the rate of diffusion across the hepatocyte cell membrane is the same at both 4 °C and 37 °C is not valid, at least for Pitavastatin. Although this finding has already been proposed, this is the first time it is comprehensively debunked using statistical testing.

AstraZeneca’s Experiment

The bicycle-filled city of Cambridge, England, has been closely tied to biotechnology since 1953, when Francis H. C. Crick and James D. Watson discovered the structure of DNA in the University of Cambridge’s Cavendish building. Other luminaries that once studied at the university include Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin. Attracted by the university’s high caliber of academic research, today about 200 biotech companies make their own discoveries in and around Cambridge. Joining them in 2016 will be AstraZeneca. The big British drug company will pluck about 2,000 researchers from Alderley Park, its R&D site in a remote part of northern England, and other locations, and set them down in Cambridge’s bustling biotech community. The firm hopes that embracing a new model of collaboration will enable it to reinvent itself as an innovative force. “Our people will be able to rub shoulders with some of the world’s best scientists and clinicians,” ...

Reducing the Variability of Compound Management Delivery Using Visual Management Systems

The globalization and externalization of a pharmaceutical company's research and development (R&D) places considerable demands on its underpinning compound management (CM) capability. More robust CM workflows are needed to support higher demands and cross-continent supply chains. The tracking and visibility of compound orders progressing through CM processes has become crucial to ensure prompt and reliable delivery to customers and project timelines worldwide. AstraZeneca at Alderley Park UK has successfully introduced and integrated a visual management system into its CM processes to support the company's global R&D strategy. A simple, low-cost approach has been employed to track solid processing and solubilization orders. This reduced variability and end-to-end cycle times by decreasing waiting time between processing steps. The visual tracking system has been quick to implement, adaptable to change, and able to be owned and run by delivery teams. Introduction of the visual tracking system has resulted in significant improvements in order processing, both in terms of variability and speed. The percentage of orders processed within 24 h rose from 81.5% to 92.5%, and reductions of 50% and 17.5% in the average processing time were seen for solid dispense and solubilization orders, respectively.

Strong control over multiple endpoints: are we adding value to the assessment of medicines?

Pharmaceutical StatisticsVolume 12, Issue 4 p. 189-191 Viewpoint Strong control over multiple endpoints: are we adding value to the assessment of medicines? Andrew Stone, Corresponding Author Andrew Stone AstraZeneca, Cheshire, UK Correspondence to: Andrew Stone, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK. E-mail: Andrew.stone@astrazeneca.comSearch for more papers by this authorChristy Chuang-Stein, Christy Chuang-Stein Pfizer Inc., Kalamazoo, MI USSearch for more papers by this author Andrew Stone, Corresponding Author Andrew Stone AstraZeneca, Cheshire, UK Correspondence to: Andrew Stone, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK. E-mail: Andrew.stone@astrazeneca.comSearch for more papers by this authorChristy Chuang-Stein, Christy Chuang-Stein Pfizer Inc., Kalamazoo, MI USSearch for more papers by this author First published: 23 May 2013 https://doi.org/10.1002/pst.1574Citations: 4Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume12, Issue4July/August 2013Pages 189-191 RelatedInformation

BRITISH BIOSCIENCE AstraZeneca’s Alderley Park site remade as multicompany biotech campus

Three U.K. biotech firms are moving to BioHub, a new bioscience center at AstraZeneca’s Alderley Park research campus near Manchester, England. The influx comes less than two months after AstraZeneca disclosed that it is ending research at Alderley Park and moving the site’s 1,600 scientists to other locations. Redx Pharma, a Liverpool, England-based drug discovery and development firm, is creating a subsidiary, Redx Anti-Infectives, that will locate in BioHub. The new business will establish a $16 million R&D center where a team of 119 scientists will develop drugs for combating antibiotic resistance and new medicines for viral infections. Redx has secured a $7 million grant from the U.K. government’s Regional Growth Fund. AstraZeneca “made a compelling commercial case to attract us to Alderley Park,” says Redx CEO Neil Murray. Imagen Biotech, a drug discovery firm and provider of screening technologies for the pharmaceutical industry, and Blueberry Therapeutics, a drug discovery ...

Matched Molecular Pairs as a Medicinal Chemistry Tool

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTMatched Molecular Pairs as a Medicinal Chemistry ToolMiniperspectiveEd Griffen‡, Andrew G. Leach*§, Graeme R. Robb§, and Daniel J. Warner∥View Author Information‡ Oncology Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, U.K.§ Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 30S373 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, U.K.∥ Department of Medicinal Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H4S 1Z9, CanadaPhone: +44 1625 231853. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2011, 54, 22, 7739–7750Publication Date (Web):September 22, 2011Publication History Received14 April 2011Published online22 September 2011Published inissue 24 November 2011https://doi.org/10.1021/jm200452dCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views7157Altmetric-Citations197LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (3 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Assays,Mathematical methods,Molecules,Solubility,Structure activity relationship Get e-Alerts

Bioanalysis Young Investigator: Filippos Michopoulos

Supervisor’s supporting comments It is my great pleasure to nominate Filippos Michopoulos for the Bioanalysis Young Investigator Award 2011. Filippos studied chemistry at the Aristotle University Thessaloniki (Greece), where his interest in life sciences led him to conduct a research study on multiple solid-phase microextraction. He then moved to Leiden University for an Erasmus stay where he was introduced to plant metabolomics by Robert Verpoorte. His MSc on Analytical Chemistry was on the study of extraction methods prior to LC–MS metabolomics. He immediately enrolled for a PhD, still under my supervision, on the discovery of biomarkers for arthritis. The last years Filippos spent several months in AstraZeneca UK working with my close collaborator Ian Wilson. Filippos’ priority is to excel in his research. He has a strong drive towards high-quality research. In the in state-of-the-art laboratories at Alderley Park he worked with cutting-edge technologies reaching a remarkable publication record: at present two papers published in high-ranked journals (including the Journal of Proteome Research, Molecular Biosystems and others) and several presentations at conferences and meetings. Filippos has a brilliant career lying ahead. I believe that such an award will help him a lot in promoting his vision.

Biological assessment of tranquillisers. I.

Journal Article BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF TRANQUILLISERS. PART I Get access Helen Riley, Helen Riley Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Pharmaceuticals Division, Research Department, Alder ley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A Spinks A Spinks Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Pharmaceuticals Division, Research Department, Alder ley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 10, Issue 1, September 1958, Pages 657–671, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1958.tb10358.x Published: 12 April 2011

Lack of Correlation Between In-Vitro and In-Vivo Estimates of 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonism

Lack of Correlation Between In-Vitro and In-Vivo Estimates of 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonism T P Blackburn, T P Blackburn Bioscience II Department, Imperial Chemical Industries PLC, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B Cox B Cox Bioscience II Department, Imperial Chemical Industries PLC, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 38, Issue Supplement_12, December 1986, Page 87P, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1986.tb14316.x Published: 12 April 2011

A Potential Model for Studying Absorption Through Abnormal Stratum Corneum

A Potential Model for Studying Absorption Through Abnormal Stratum Corneum Get access R C Scott, R C Scott Imperial Chemical Industries PLC, Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P H Dugard P H Dugard Imperial Chemical Industries PLC, Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 34, Issue Supplement_12, December 1982, Page 35P, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1982.tb00866.x Published: 12 April 2011