Consumption Of Alcoholic Drinks Research Articles

Utilization of Herbal Medicine for Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids is a disease characterized by swollen blood vessels in the rectum or anus. This disease is caused by low consumption of fiber, spicy foods and alcoholic drinks. Symptoms that can be experienced by hemorrhoid sufferers are the appearance of lumps and bleeding when defecating. One treatment for this disease is through the use of herbal medicine, namely purple leaves. The aim of this research is to prove whether people now also use purple leaves as a treatment for hemorrhoids. This type of research is non-experimental using survey methods. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The research results show that the majority of hemorrhoid sufferers (80%) use purple leaves to reduce hemorrhoid symptoms. The price of purple leaf medicine is very competitive with conventional hemorrhoid medicine, so that 52% of hemorrhoid sufferers consume purple leaf regularly (although not when experiencing hemorrhoid symptoms).

Alcohol Drinking Impacts on Adiposity and Steatotic Liver Disease: Concurrent Effects on Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Risks.

This integrative search aimed to provide a scoping overview of the relationships between the benefits and harms of alcohol drinking with cardiovascular events as associated to body fat mass and fatty liver diseases, as well as offering critical insights for precision nutrition research and personalized medicine implementation concerning cardiovascular risk management associated to ethanol consumption. Frequent alcohol intake could contribute to a sustained rise in adiposity over time. Body fat distribution patterns (abdominal/gluteus-femoral) and intrahepatic accumulation of lipids have been linked to adverse cardiovascular clinical outcomes depending on ethanol intake. Therefore, there is a need to understand the complex interplay between alcohol consumption, adipose store distribution, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and cardiovascular events in adult individuals. The current narrative review deals with underconsidered and apparently conflicting benefits concerning the amount of alcohol intake, ranging from abstention to moderation, and highlights the requirements for additional robust methodological studies and trials to interpret undertrained and existing controversies. The conclusion of this review emphasizes the need of newer multifaceted clinical approaches for precision medicine implementation, considering epidemiological strategies and pathophysiological mechanistic. Newer investigations and trials should be derived and performed particularly focusing both on alcohol's objective consequences as putatively mediated by fat deposition, including associated roles in fatty liver disease as well as to differentiate the impact of different levels of alcohol consumption (absence or moderation) concerning cardiovascular risks and accompanying clinical manifestations. Indeed, the threshold for the safe consumption of alcoholic drinks remains to be fully elucidated.

A review of the effect of alcohol hangover on attention and memory

Alcohol hangover (AH) refers to adverse mental and physical symptoms after a heavy consumption of alcoholic drinks, which had a significant effect on socioeconomic development and drew a huge amount of interest among psychologists in recent years. Studies found that AH mainly affected peoples cognitive performances, especially memory and attention functioning, while the findings in this field were controversial. This paper aimed to review the articles and examine the effects of AH on attention and memory by focusing on their cognitive subdomains and different study designs to find explanations for their inconsistent results. The review article showed that among attention functioning, psychologists found consistent damaging effects of AH on selective attention and sustained attention behaviors whereas the effects of divided attention performance were inconsistent. Moreover, insufficient attentional resources were regarded as the mechanism of divided attention deficit during the AH state. Among studies of memory functioning, the encoding phase was believed to be a significant factor for impaired retrospective memory performance during the AH state compared with the retrieval phase, while the effect of the memory retrieval process was not clearly tested during AH. In addition, the AH state also negatively affected the prospective memory ability to implement behaviors at a specific future time or place. The distinct study methodologies (laboratory vs. naturalistic studies; within-subject vs. between-subject design; student vs. non-student sample) were suggested to be the contributors to these conflicting results.

Mir146a Polymorphism in Gastric, Colon and Rectum Cancers

mir146a, a member of the microRNA family, plays an important role in the regulation of many biological pathways such as the regulation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. The relationship between mir146a polymorphism and gastric, colon, rectum cancers have been investigated in Turkish population. Polymorphism in mir146a gene rs2961920 and rs2910164 have been determined in 212 patients (gastric: 73, colon:76 and rectum:63) and in 77 healthy controls by Real-Time PCR. Findings were evaluated by logistic regression and Khi (χ2) tests. The comparison of gastric, colon and rectum cancer patients and controls determined a statistically significant relationship for alcoholic drink consumption (p0.05). However, there was statistically significant relationship between this polymorphism and gastric cancer in GG+CG and CC genotypes when the gastric cancer patients and control group were evaluated for mir146a rs2910164 polymorphism (χ2: 5,49 p: 0,019). Similarly, there was statistically significant relationship between this polymorphism and gastric cancer in GG+CC and CG genotypes (χ2:5,39, p: 0,020). In this study, it is thought that by investigating the functions of microRNAs and their role in cancer, it may be promising in understanding the molecular pathology of cancer and in developing molecular targeted therapies.

Alcohol versus combined alcohol and energy drinks consumption: Risk behaviors and consumption patterns among European students.

Recent research found that drinking alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) could be riskier than drinking alcohol alone. Our aim was to compare rates of risk behaviors in consumers of AmED versus exclusive alcohol drinkers, matching them based on their drinking frequency. Data about 16-year-old students who reported the number of occasions on which they had drunk AmED or alcohol only in the preceding 12 months (n=32,848) were drawn from the 2019 ESPAD study. After matching for consumption frequency, the sample consisted of 22,370 students (11,185 AmED consumers and 11,185 exclusive alcohol drinkers). Key predictors comprised substance use, other individual risk behaviors, and family characteristics (parental regulation, monitoring, and caring). The multivariate analysis showed significantly higher odds of being AmED consumers compared to being exclusive alcohol drinkers in the majority of the investigated risk behaviors, including: daily tobacco smoking, illicit drug use, heavy episodic drinking, truancy at school, engaging in physical fights and serious arguments, having troubles with the police, and having unprotected sexual intercourse. Instead, lower odds were found for reporting high parents' educational level, medium and low family economic status, perceived possibility to freely talk about problems to family members, spending free time reading books or other hobbies. Our study shows that, given the same consumption frequency in the past year, AmED consumers typically reported higher associations with risk-taking behaviors compared to exclusive alcohol drinkers. These findings advance past research that failed to control for the frequency of AmED use versus exclusive alcohol consumption.

#3953 TOXIC MICROBIOME AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: INSIGHTS FROM THE CKD-REIN COHORT STUDY

Abstract Background and Aims Many uremic toxins (UTs) originate from gut microbiome, and contribute to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and cardiovascular morbidity. In order to reduce uremic symptoms and CKD progression, patients have several dietary restrictions, which may influence gut microbiome composition, and impact UTs production. An altered microbiome may contribute to UTs increase in those patients. However, the role of key bacterial taxa in producing UTs and the impact of diet on UTs variance in non-dialyzed patients are not well known. The objectives of this study were, first, to compare microbial features between CKD patients and healthy controls, and, second, to investigate the relation of gut microbiome with uremic toxicity, as well as the potential impact of diet on such relationship. Method Characterization of gut metagenomes, 10 UTs and 3 precursors’ serum concentrations by LC-MS/MS, host characteristics and diet were obtained from 240 non-dialysis CKD patients from the CKD-REIN cohort (mean ± SD): age: 68 ± 11 years, 71% male, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): 33.2 ± 12.7 ml/min/1.73m². First, to identify microbial biomarkers characterizing the gut microbiome-related toxicity in CKD, we compared microbiome features between 78 CKD patients and 78 age-, sex-, and BMI-matched healthy controls from the Milieu Interieur (MI) cohort: age: 58 ± 10 years, 60% male, eGFR: 89 ± 13. Second, we performed a multiomics’ data integration analysis via a supervised modelling to investigate cross-sectionally the association between host characteristics, gut microbiome, UTs, and diet-related features according to CKD severity (eGFR<30, n = 110 vs eGFR ≥30 mL/min/1.73m², n = 130). Results Compared to healthy controls, CKD patients had a significant reduced gut microbiome health index. Several Metagenomic Species Pan-genomes (MSPs) were significantly contrasted between MI and CKD cohorts: 43 species were enriched in CKD patients vs 24 in controls. Species most enriched in CKD patients included several UTs producers such as Lachnospiraceae spp, Dysosmobacter – Oscillibacter spp, Butyricimonas faecihominis, Victivallis vadensis and Hungatella spp, some of which were positively correlated with the following UTs: 3-Carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF), trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), and indole-3-acetic acid (3-IAA). Moreover, species belonging to Enterocloster and Hungatella genera (both members of Lachnospiraceae family) were found to be negatively correlated with eGFR. Among species associated with CKD severity, species carrying genes for UTs production were observed such as Desuflovibiro fairfieldensis, Bacteroides clarus and Blautia obeum along with increasing alcohol and hot drinks consumption, CRP and several UTs (kynurenic acid, indoxyl sulfate and Phenylacetylglutamine) levels. In contrast, some taxa like Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Dysosmobacter welbionis were associated with legume intake but not with UTs. Conclusion Our study highlights an alteration of gut microbiome in CKD patients compared to healthy controls, with increased abundance of UTs producer species. The results of the multidimensional data integration modelling suggest a strong interplay between food intake, gut microbiome modifications, UTs accumulation and clinical features. These findings might open to promising therapeutic strategies to reduce microbiome-related toxicity.

Kajian Kriminologis Terhadap Minuman Beralkohol (Sopi) Dengan Tindak Pidana Yang Terjadi Di Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru

The crimes that arise in the Aru Islands district due to the consumption of alcoholic drinks (sopi) have been increasing lately, so efforts must be made to resolve them so that no more crimes occur. This study aims to examine and discuss what crimes are caused by consuming alcoholic beverages (sopi) in the Aru Islands district. The type of research used in this research is empirical-juridical or sociological-juridical. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Techniques for collecting legal materials through interviews, documentation studies, and qualitative analysis of legal materials. The results of the study show that the factors causing the occurrence of criminal acts caused by consuming alcoholic beverages (sopi) are many, including unemployment, excessive alcohol consumption, and the fact that most people still use alcoholic beverages (sopi) as an outlet. The efforts made by the Aru Islands Police include conducting campaigns among teenagers as well as carrying out operations and enforcing the law against perpetrators of the distribution of alcoholic beverages (sopi).

Efficacy of Olanzapine in Addition to Standard Triplet Antiemetic Therapy for Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy

It is unknown whether olanzapine combined with triplet antemetic therapy is effective for all patients undergoing highly emetogenic chemotherapy. A secondary analysis of randomized clinical trials using olanzapine may provide insight into the effectiveness of olanzapine for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), including cisplatin. To examine the add-on effect of olanzapine according to risk factors for CINV. This preplanned secondary analysis evaluated results of the J-FORCE trial, a large double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 randomized clinical trial conducted in Japan from February 9, 2017, to July 18, 2018. Participants were enrolled from 26 participating hospitals across Japan and included patients aged 20 to 75 years who had a malignant tumor and were cisplatin-naive. The efficacy analysis population of the J-FORCE trial was analyzed according to allocation adjustment factors (sex [male or female], age [≥55 years or <55 years], and cisplatin dose [≥70 mg/m2 or <70 mg/m2]) and patient-related risk factors (history of motion sickness, drinking habit [defined as alcoholic drinks consumption in excess of occasional drinking], and history of morning sickness during pregnancy). Statistical analysis was performed from February 18 to April 18, 2020. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive 5 mg of olanzapine or placebo combined with standard triplet antiemetic therapy. The primary end point was complete response (CR, defined as no vomiting and no use of rescue medication) in the delayed phase (24-120 hours after cisplatin-based chemotherapy administration). Secondary end points were CR, complete control, and total control in the acute, delayed, and overall phases for 6 CINV risk factors as well as time to treatment failure. The CR point estimates and 95% CIs of the differences between groups were calculated, and a Mantel-Haenszel test was performed. Of the 705 patients (mean [SD] age, 63.0 [9.2] years; 471 males [66.8%]) included in the efficacy analysis population; 581 patients (82.4%) were 55 years or older, and 526 (74.6%) were treated with a cisplatin dose of 70 mg/m2 or more. Risk difference (RD) for a CR in the delayed phase was significantly greater in the olanzapine group than the placebo group in males (RD, 12.6% [95% CI, 5.0%-20.1%]; P = .001); in females (RD, 14.5% [95% CI, 2.2%-26.3%]; P = .02); in those 55 years or older (RD, 11.1% [95% CI, 3.9%-18.2%]; P = .003) or younger than 55 years (RD, 23.6% [95% CI, 7.3%-38.3%]; P = .005); for a cisplatin dose of 70 mg/m2 or more (RD, 13.5% [95% CI, 5.9%-21.0%]; P < .001); for those without a history of motion sickness (RD, 13.9% [95% CI, 6.9%-20.6%]; P < .001); for those with a drinking habit (RD, 14.9% [95% CI, 6.1%-23.4%]; P = .001) or without a drinking habit (RD, 12.0% [95% CI, 2.5%-21.3%]; P = .01); and for those with a history of morning sickness during pregnancy (RD, 27.2% [9.7%-42.6%]; P = .002). In other subgroups, a delayed CR was higher in the olanzapine group than the placebo group, although not significantly higher. Results of this study suggest a benefit of using 5 mg of olanzapine plus triplet antiemetic therapy to counter CINV regardless of the presence or absence of risk factors. University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry Identifier: UMIN000024676.

Divertikuloza - saznanja i izazovi

Diverticulosis of the colon is a disease that was mentioned as far back as the 19th century, although it had no clinical significance at the time. The exact incidence of this disease is not known, but it is known that in the last 75 years it has occurred much more often. It is assumed that the more frequent occurrence of the disease is practically a reflection of better and more accessible diagnostic modalities, but also of lifestyle changes. Improper diet is one of the public health problems of the 21st century. A significant part of the global population eats unhealthy food and does not consume adequate amounts of fruits, vegetables, and fiber-rich foods in their daily diet. If we also add a sedentary lifestyle to the inadequate diet, the higher incidence of diverticulosis today is very much justified. Also, numerous studies have shown that relevant risk factors are smoking and frequent consumption of alcoholic drinks. Diet, medications, smoking, alcohol and stress are the most common risk factors that can lead to sac-like enlargements on the hollow organs, though predominantly on the large intestine. Due to the histological structure, diverticulum is most often expected to appear on the sigmoid colon. The appearance of one or more diverticulum along the colon or only one of its segments is called colonic diverticulosis. There is nothing in colonic diverticulosis that is pathognomonic for this disease, no particular signs and symptoms that would lead us, in clinical practice, to make the correct diagnosis without performing additional diagnostic assays. Establishing the correct diagnosis requires that we are familiar with the disease, that we ponder over it, that we know the broad spectrum of symptomatology, and that we know diagnostic procedures that can benefit the patient. Upon establishing the correct diagnosis, it is important to determine the clinical course, but also the form of the disease, so that we can determine an adequate treatment approach. In addition to changing the dietary habits, educating the patient about healthy lifestyles, it would be valuable to know which patient will benefit from the treatment with antibiotics, and which patient will require prompt surgical intervention

Lifestyle Changes among Mexican People during the COVID-19 Lockdown in 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic generated a new challenge of our time with different scenarios. For this reason, this work aimed to identify changes in the diet and lifestyle of Mexicans during the COVID-19 lockdown. This study was based on a Google online survey, which contained questions about eating habits, physical activity, and sleep behavior before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. It was conducted from 2 June to 4 July 2020 and included 1004 participants (698 women and 306 men 18 years old and above). The subjects reported the increased frequency of consumption of meat, vegetables, fruits, eggs, legumes, fast food, and alcoholic drinks during the lockdown. Furthermore, subjects reported sleeping more hours than usual and negative changes in sleep quality (insomnia, nightmares, and leg pain or cramps). There was a reduction in practicing 30 min of intense physical activity during the week. On the other hand, there was an increase in the number of hours spent in front of the screen. Participants over 36 years of age performed less physical activity during the COVID-19 lockdown. These results indicated that it is vital to develop national strategies to promote healthy lifestyle habits in the population during pandemic lockdown measures.

Relationship between alcohol consumption and dementia with Mendelian randomization approaches among older adults in the United States

AbstractBackgroundPrior research is mixed concerning the association between alcohol consumption, a modifiable factor, and dementia. Genetic causal inference approaches may help elucidate the relationship between alcohol consumption and dementia.MethodWe performed a two‐sample Mendelian randomization study using harmonized, genome‐wide significant (p‐value&lt;10−8), and independent (r2&lt;.001) single nucleotide polymorphisms’ (SNPs) summary statistics from the largest publicly available meta‐analyses of genome‐wide association studies of weekly alcohol consumption (Liu et al., 2019, n = 941,280) and late onset Alzheimer’s disease (Kunkle et al., 2019, n = 21,982 cases, 41,944 controls). Next, in the 2012 wave of the United States Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we employed individual polygenic scores of alcohol consumption via one‐sample Mendelian randomization. Polygenic scores were calculated and standardized within genetic ancestry across 1,399,824 SNPs overlapping Liu et al. without HRS and 23andMe samples (n = 522,159). G‐estimation provided odds ratios (ORs) of the relationship between a standard deviation increase in genetic risk of alcohol consumption and dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia compared to normal cognition in models stratified by genetic ancestry.ResultOf 99 SNPs associated with weekly alcoholic drink consumption and 71 SNPs associated with late onset Alzheimer’s disease, 59 overlapping and harmonized SNPs met instrument selection criteria. We did not observe evidence of a relationship between alcohol consumption and late‐onset Alzheimer’s disease using the inverse variance weighted two‐sample Mendelian randomization estimator (OR = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI):[0.78, 1.72]), nor with complementary estimators. In HRS, Mendelian randomization revealed no relationship between cumulative genetic alcohol consumption risk and cognitive impairment without dementia (African ancestry sample (n = 2,402, OR = 0.86, 95% CI:[0.47, 1.58]); European ancestry sample (n = 9,576, OR = 0.96, 95% CI:[0.86, 1.07])) and dementia in the African ancestry sample (n = 1,908, OR = 0.50, 95% CI:[0.13, 2.00]). Alcohol consumption genetic risk was inversely associated with dementia in the European ancestry sample (n = 8,518, OR = 0.77, 95% CI:[0.62, 0.95]).ConclusionOur results largely suggest there is no causal relationship between alcohol consumption and dementia. The protective association observed between alcohol consumption and dementia among those of European ancestry in an aging American cohort may be due to genetic pleiotropy and/or selection bias in our empirical sample within the Health and Retirement Study.

MOTIVATION FOR CHANGE IN ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION: BRIEF INTERVENTION AS A MOTIVATIONAL STRATEGY

Objective: to analyze the effect of brief intervention on motivation to change alcohol consumption. Method: experimental, follow-up study, conducted with 43 participants in two Basic Health Units. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Change Readiness Ruler, and a socioeconomic questionnaire were applied. Results: The experimental group showed a median equal to 10 points (maintenance stage) at the beginning and after 30 days. In the segment, the median was equal to eight points (action stage). The control group had a median equal to eight points at the beginning and after 30 days (action stage). In the segment, median equal to seven points (planning stage). In the 30-day intermediate evaluation, it was noted that there was a statistical difference in motivation between the two groups (p=0.029). Conclusion: it was concluded that the Brief Intervention was effective in maintaining motivation in the stages of action and maintenance of change in the consumption of alcoholic drinks.

Effect of the interaction between alcohol and meat consumption on the hyperlipidaemia risk among elderly individuals: Evidence from Shanghai, China.

Diet and other lifestyle habits may have an increased effect on blood lipids in older people. This study aimed to examine the associations between diet (meat, fish, and egg), alcohol consumption and blood lipids. Surveillance data on chronic diseases and their risk factors were collected from Shanghai during 2017-2018. A Kish table was used for sampling 438 older adults, of whom 71 consumed alcohol. Logistic regression was used to test the relationships between diet, alcohol consumption and blood lipid levels in elderly individuals, and the marginal effects (MEs) were estimated. Dyslipidaemia was more common among drinkers than among nondrinkers (P < 0.01). Alcohol consumption was associated with dyslipidaemia (OR = 2.667, P < 0.01 for TC; OR = 1.919, P < 0.05 for LDL; OR = 3.412, P < 0.01 for TG), and consumption of more than 50 g of meat per day showed similar associations (OR = 3.227, P < 0.01 for TC; OR = 3.263, P < 0.01, for LDL; OR = 2.329, P < 0.01 for TG). The MEs of alcohol drinking and excessive meat consumption on the rate of dyslipidaemia were 0.324 for TC (P < 0.01), 0.255 for LDL (P < 0.05), and 0.174 for TG (P < 0.01). The risk of hyperlipidaemia was increased among elderly individuals with excessive meat and alcohol consumption, which also had an interactive effect.

Impact of Sizes of Servings, Glasses and Bottles on Alcohol Consumption: A Narrative Review.

This review summarises the evidence on the impact of serving and container size on how much people drink, interventions that have the potential to reduce alcohol consumption across populations, thereby improving health. A rapid search identified 10 published reports of 15 studies and 1 review. Four studies focused on serving size, eight studies and the review on glass size, two studies on bottle size and one on both glass and bottle size. Twelve studies and the review focused on wine, one study on beer and two on both. All were conducted in England, by just two research groups. Removing the largest serving size of wine decreased wine sales by 7.6% (95% CI −12.3%, −2.9%) in a study in 21 licenced premises, reflecting findings from two prior studies in semi-naturalistic settings. Adding a serving size for beer that was a size smaller than the largest was assessed in one study in 13 licenced premises, with no evident effect. Reducing the size of wine glasses in restaurants decreased wine sales by 7.3% (95% CI −13.5%, −1.5%) in a mega-analysis of eight datasets from studies in five licensed premises. Using smaller wine glasses at home may also reduce consumption, but the evidence from just one study is less certain. No studies have assessed the impact of glass size for drinking beer. The effect of bottles smaller than the standard 750 mL on wine consumed at home was assessed in two studies: 500 mL bottles reduced consumption by 4.5% (95% CI −7.9%, −1.0%) in one study, but in another, using 375 mL bottles there was no evident effect. No studies assessed the impact of bottle or other container size for drinking beer. Reducing the size of servings, glasses and bottles could reduce wine consumption across populations. The impact of similar interventions for reducing consumption of other alcoholic drinks awaits evaluation. Further studies are also warranted to assess the generalisability of existing evidence.

Association between beverage consumption and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study from the French E3N Cohort.

To assess the relationship between consumption of largely consumed beverages (coffee, tea, alcohol and soft drinks) and the risk of RA. The E3N Study (Étude Épidémiologique auprès des femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Éducation Nationale) is a French prospective cohort including 98 995 women since 1990. Food and beverage consumption was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% CI for incident RA were estimated by Cox proportional hazards model. Among 62 631 women, 481 incident RA cases were identified. Consumptions of tea, alcohol and sugar-sweetened soft drinks were not associated with RA risk. We observed a linear association between coffee consumption and RA risk [≥4 cups/day vs ≤1cup/day, HR = 1.24; 95% CI (0.94, 1.64), Ptrend = 0.04], and a higher risk of RA with artificially sweetened soft drinks consumption [consumers vs not, HR = 1.66; 95% CI (1.12, 2.45)], particularly in never-smokers. Among ever-smokers, moderate liquor intake was associated with a reduced risk of RA [1-3 glasses/week vs non-consumers, HR = 0.63; 95% CI (0.43, 0.91)] and moderate wine consumption with a reduced risk of seropositive RA. In a large cohort of women, tea, alcohol and sugar-sweetened soft drinks consumption was not associated with RA risk, whereas consumption of coffee (especially caffeinated coffee), and artificially sweetened soft drinks was associated with higher RA risk, particularly among never-smokers. If further confirmed, these results could lead to novel mechanistic hypotheses and to simple prevention measures.

Impact of common diseases and habits on daytime sleepiness in adults.

We aimed to investigate the impact of common diseases and habits on daytime sleepiness in adults.We retrospectively collected the clinical and overnight polysomnographic data of 2829 adults. The impact of common diseases and habits on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score was analyzed by univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses.The mean ESS score was 6.2 (standard deviation = 4.3; range = 0–24) for all adults. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that dyslipidemia, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), liver cirrhosis, alcohol drinking, and tea consumption had a significantly positive association with ESS score for all adults after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, apnea–hypopnea index, sleep efficiency, percentage of sleep N3 stage, and depression. Subgroup analysis by sex showed that AMI, liver cirrhosis, alcohol drinking, and tea consumption had significantly positive association with ESS scores in males, whereas only dyslipidemia had significantly positive association with ESS scores in females. Subgroup analysis by age showed that alcohol drinking had a significantly positive association with ESS scores in young adults. AMI had a significantly positive association with ESS scores, but chronic kidney disease had a significantly negative association with ESS scores in middle-aged adults. Furthermore, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and cancers had a significantly positive association with ESS scores in older adults.Dyslipidemia, AMI, liver cirrhosis, alcohol drinking, and tea consumption had a significantly positive association with daytime sleepiness in adults but differed by sex and age.

Measuring the effects of a hydrogen peroxide mouth rinse on breath alcohol values

The high consumption of alcoholic drinks has become acceptable in many societies and is often promoted by commercials. Unfortunately, many people risk their lives by driving drunk. They even try to outsmart breathalyzer tests, for example, using a novel procedure based on the partial oxidation of expired breathed ethanol after rinsing the mouth with diluted hydrogen peroxide. To check the validity of this procedure, the different variables involved in the process were tested: the type of alcoholic beverage, the amount of ethanol swallowed, and the time elapsed between consumption and mouth rinsing. Our ultimate aim was to measure the effects of this process. If the mouth rinse succeeds in masking a drinker's true alcohol level, then further study of possible remedies is needed to prevent such fraud. However, if the rinsing proves to have no effect, then this work could help strengthen the integrity of the breathalyzer test and its ability to deter drivers from overdrinking. The final conclusion, after all the experiments, is that a reduction in the alcohol level is observed with the use of hydrogen peroxide as a mouthwash before performing a breathalyzer test.

Dietary Patterns Associated with Diabetes in an Older Population from Southern Italy Using an Unsupervised Learning Approach.

Dietary behaviour is a core element in diabetes self-management. There are no remarkable differences between nutritional guidelines for people with type 2 diabetes and healthy eating recommendations for the general public. This study aimed to evaluate dietary differences between subjects with and without diabetes and to describe any emerging dietary patterns characterizing diabetic subjects. In this cross-sectional study conducted on older adults from Southern Italy, eating habits in the “Diabetic” and “Not Diabetic” groups were assessed with FFQ, and dietary patterns were derived using an unsupervised learning algorithm: principal component analysis. Diabetic subjects (n = 187) were more likely to be male, slightly older, and with a slightly lower level of education than subjects without diabetes. The diet of diabetic subjects reflected a high-frequency intake of dairy products, eggs, vegetables and greens, fresh fruit and nuts, and olive oil. On the other hand, the consumption of sweets and sugary foods was reduced compared to non-diabetics (23.74 ± 35.81 vs. 16.52 ± 22.87; 11.08 ± 21.85 vs. 7.22 ± 15.96). The subjects without diabetes had a higher consumption of red meat, processed meat, ready-to-eat dishes, alcoholic drinks, and lower vegetable consumption. The present study demonstrated that, in areas around the Mediterranean Sea, older subjects with diabetes had a healthier diet than their non-diabetic counterparts.

Periodontal disease as a risk factor for sporadic colorectal cancer: results from COLDENT study

Colorectal cancer remains the top leading cancer worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests periodontal pathogens are involved in colorectal carcinogenesis, indicating the need for high-quality epidemiological evidence linking periodontal disease (PD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Thus, we conducted the first population-based case–control study that was specifically designed to investigate the association between compromised oral health and sporadic CRC. A total of 348 incident cases of colon or rectal cancer, and 310 age and sex frequency-matched controls, from the Montreal island and Laval population participated in the study. Data were collected on PD and on several CRC risk factors using validated questionnaires. A life-course approach was used to document long-term history regarding lifestyle factors. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the rate ratio (RR) quantifying the association between CRC and PD. Results showed that the rate of new diagnosis of CRC in persons with a positive history of PD was 1.45 times higher than in those with a negative history of PD adjusting for age, sex, BMI, education, income, diabetes, family history of CRC, regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, lifetime cumulative smoking, lifetime consumption of red meats, processed meats, and alcoholic drinks, and lifetime total physical activity score (adjusted RR = 1.45; 95% CI 1.04–2.01; p = 0.026). Our results support the hypothesis of an association between PD and sporadic CRC risk.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Trichinella spiralis Infection in Blood Donors from Western Romania.

Background and Objectives: Trichinellosis, a serious and sometimes fatal human disease, is a foodborne zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution caused by parasitic nematodes of the genus Trichinella. Humans are infected with Trichinella larvae through the ingestion of meat that has not been properly cooked. Romania reported most of the confirmed cases of trichinellosis among the EU countries. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate, for the first time, the seroprevalence and risk factors of Trichinella infection in blood donors from Western Romania. Materials and Methods: Serum samples of 1347 consecutive blood donors were investigated using an immunoenzymaticassay (ELISA) for the determination of specific IgG class antibodies against T.spiralis. A questionnaire interview was used to obtain information regarding the potential risk factors associated with T. spiralis infection. Mantel–Haenszel chi-squared test or the Fisher exact two-tailed test, as appropriate, were used for comparison between T. spiralis positive and T. spiralis negative blood donors. Student’s t-test was used to evaluate differences between means in studied groups and body mass index was calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info Version 7.2 and Stata 16.1. Results: T. spiralis IgG antibodies were detected in 2.00% (27) of 1347 consecutive blood donors. Eating raw and/or undercooked meat, from pigs or wild boars, was found to be the main risk factor (p < 0.001). Strong alcoholic drink consumption was highly associated with T. spiralis infection (p = 0.009). Trichinella seroprevalence was higher among rural residents and males. Subjects identified as Trichinella seropositive were not previously diagnosed and have not been treated for Trichinella infection with any specific therapy. Conclusions: The demonstration of T. spiralis antibodies in healthy blood donors suggests that Trichinella infection may be detected in asymptomatic individuals that were not previously diagnosed with this zoonosis.