Detection Of Alcohol Consumption Research Articles

Intérêt de l’utilisation de l’application smartphone « MYDEFI » d’aide à la réduction de la consommation d’alcool dans l’implication des pharmaciens dans la prévention de la consommation à risque : résultats d’une enquête dans les Hauts-de-France

Evaluate the interest in the MyDéfi application as a tool to help pharmacists identify and manage excessive alcohol consumption, as well as their perception and knowledge of alcohol and their possible role in its management. Prospective mixed qualitative and quantitative study, based on face-to-face semi-directive interviews. The 101 pharmacists interviewed in Hauts-de-France region considered that the detection of alcohol consumption was part of their mission, even if it is a difficult subject, and that they had received specific training in alcohology during their university training. Only 12% were aware of early screening and brief intervention on alcohol. Several obstacles were mentioned, such as the lack of training and confidentiality, and difficulties related to patient specificities. Forty-one percent said that the pharmacy was not suitable and almost 72% said that the MyDéfi application could be useful for screening and 91% would recommend the application as one of the best supports, easy to advise with a personalised follow-up. For 32%, the application is accessible to patients (40% think that the main drawback of the application is inaccessibility and 27% its cost). Pharmacists consider that excessive alcohol use is a major problem that should mobilise them but many do not feel ready to offer brief interventions. After seeing how the MyDéfi application worked, the majority considered that it could help them in their prevention mission.

Connecting Smart Homes to Healthcare Services for People with Neurodegenerative disorders.

The objective of this research is to provide an approach for the design of what we have called ‘connected homes’ with a study case for elderly people with dementia living alone. These homes would be connected to a center of surveillance for direct and automatic view of multiple status of the day such as patient security and general health indicators (body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure etc.), detect the intake of meals, eating motivation, humor detection prevention of falls, Alcohol consumption detection, safe use of medicines and emergency situations and other Human Activity Recognition (HAR). The model may also predict situations by using past data accumulation. The model could even send alerts in case of emergency.
 This service would mean that there would minimum intervention from caregivers thanks to the Artificial Intelligence.
 As a case study, we proposed a new approach for the conception of connected homes for people with dementia to a central office for automatic human activity detection and help and support accordingly. Such conception includes home design concepts according to standard recommendations and the implementation of new added assistive technology tools to permit the automatic surveillance without violating the ethic requirements.
 Two installation models will be proposed to consider the financial situation of the patient: a unit or appliance at the patient’s home or a home that is connected to a central office.

Smart and Secured Transportation System using IoT

Now a day’s numerous of the accident occur due to the improper driving of teenagers. The major reason for the accident is the alcohol consumption and driving the vehicle without the license approval. Most frequent checking of the license is very tedious and manual process. At most in every situation, the police officers can’t control the driving user without the driving license. Our proposed system is to reduce the manual effort of the police officers with Smart and secured Transportation system using IoT. The implementation system follows with the registration of the user with their finger print, 11 digit License number and the Date of Birth. The vehicle can be unlocked only after the verification of finger print scanning using R305 sensor and detection of alcohol consumption using MQ3 Sensor. Thus our proposed system will benefit for the police officers by manual checking of the improper driving user and it also avoid the accidents. In future along with this technology the more safety requirements can be additional added.

Alcohol Biomarkers and their Relevance in Detection of Alcohol Consumption in Clinical Settings

Alcohol Biomarkers and their Relevance in Detection of Alcohol Consumption in Clinical Settings

Quantification of Phosphatidylethanols in Whole Blood as a Proxy for Chronic Alcohol Consumption, Using Ultra Performance Convergence Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Detection of alcohol consumption after a longer period can be useful in certain patient groups. To monitor chronic alcohol consumption, a novel analytical method for the quantification of phosphatidylethanols (PEths) was developed and validated using ultra performance convergence chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The main phosphatidylethanols like palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanol (POPEth), 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanol, and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanol were analyzed using a simple and fast sample preparation protocol followed by chromatographic separation using ultra performance convergence chromatography, a novel kind of supercritical fluid chromatography. Mass spectrometric detection was conducted by applying negative electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode. Only 50 μL of whole blood is needed for the simultaneous quantification of all 3 compounds within 5-minute run-to-run analysis time. POPEth-d5 was applied as internal standard. The method was validated according to the Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Correlation coefficients were higher than 0.995 for all 3 compounds. Intraday and interday inaccuracies were <15% for all analytes in the established linear range. Intraday and interday imprecision were <15% for all analytes. Lower limit of quantification for 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanol, palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanol, and POPEth are, respectively, 3, 6, and 6 mcg/L. Sample stability at -80°C was 1 year. Extracts were stable for 1 day in the autosampler and 2 days at 2-8°C in a closed Eppendorf tube. Samples were tested after 3 freeze-thaw cycles and considered stable. Patient samples have been analyzed with this new method. In a cohort of 248 pregnant women, 17 patients (6.9%) scored positive for PEth. The described method is suitable for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of the most abundant PEth homologues. Major advantages are low LLOQs, minimal sample volume and clean-up, and a short run time. The method is now available to monitor alcohol consumption in patients and has been incorporated in clinical practice and research.

Influence of repeated permanent coloring and bleaching on ethyl glucuronide concentrations in hair from alcohol-dependent patients

BackgroundEthyl glucuronide (EtG), a minor metabolite of alcohol, is used as a sensitive marker in hair to detect the retrospective consumption of alcohol. The proximal 0–3cm hair segment is often used for analysis, providing information on alcohol consumption over the past 3 months. Using more distal segments would allow the detection of alcohol consumption over longer time periods, thereby addressing the chronicity of the consumption. In view of this, permanent coloring and bleaching were shown in vitro to alter EtG concentrations in hair, but no in vivo studies are available to prove or disprove this. AimsTo investigate the influence of repeated bleaching and permanent coloring on EtG concentrations in vivo and to assess the stability of EtG concentrations in distal compared to proximal hair segments. MethodsHair samples from alcohol-dependent patients with uncolored/unbleached (N=4), permanent coloration (N=5) and bleached hair (N=5) were analyzed in two to six 3cm long segments for EtG concentrations, and alcohol consumption and hair cosmetic treatments were assessed. ResultsWe observed that hair bleaching and permanent coloring reduces EtG concentrations by 82±11% and 65±24%, respectively, with correlations between the number of cosmetic treatments and the decrease in EtG concentrations. EtG remained stable in untreated hair samples up to 18cm. ConclusionsEtG is a sensitive marker to assess chronic alcohol consumption up to 18 months in alcohol-dependent patients with no cosmetic hair treatments. However, in alcohol-dependent patients who color or bleach their hair, care should be taken when interpreting EtG measurements.

Recidivism Risk of Repeat Intoxicated Drivers Monitored with Alcohol Biomarkers

This feasibility study analyzed the effects of alcohol biomarker testing in reducing the rearrest rates and/or lengthening the time between rearrests in repeat intoxicated drivers in Waukesha County. Participants were 250 repeat offenders who underwent monitoring with biomarker testing after being arrested for driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol between 2006 and 2009. In 2012, their traffic records were reviewed to determine any subsequent drunk driving arrests since their assessments in 2006 to 2009. Regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the length of biomarker monitoring (LOM) and the time to recidivism (TTR). LOM was defined as the time between the offender's first test at enrollment in this study (baseline Early Detection of Alcohol Consumption [EDAC]) and the last test at the end of monitoring. TTR was defined as the length of time from baseline EDAC until the driver's next subsequent DUI offense. The results showed that 32 of the 250 drivers enrolled in this pilot were rearrested during the study period for an overall recidivism rate of 12.8%. The rearrested drivers were mostly men (88%), young adults (34 years), employed (84%), and predominantly single or divorced (86%). Their drinking profile at baseline showed that 93% claimed at least one month of abstinence before their first sample was collected yet almost one half (48%) of them tested positive for biomarkers. Regression analysis showed a positive and significant correlation between LOM and TTR (r = 0.41; p < 0.05; coefficient for LOM = 1.28; N = 23) indicating that for every additional day of biomarker monitoring the time to re-arrest increased by more than one day. This feasibility study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that repeat DUI offenders monitored with alcohol biomarkers take longer to get rearrested with a subsequent DUI than those not monitored with biomarkers.

Alcohol consumption detection through behavioural analysis using intelligent systems

We describe in this paper a new methodology for blood alcohol content (BAC) estimation of a subject. Rather than using external devices to determine the BAC value of a subject, we perform a behaviour analysis of this subject using intelligent systems. We monitor the user’s actions in an ordinary task and label those data to various measured BAC values. The obtained data-set is then used to train learning systems to detect alcoholic consumption and perform BAC estimation. We obtain good results on a mono-user base, and lower results with multiple users. We improve the results by combining multiple classifiers and regression algorithms.

Alcohol Biomarkers as Tools to Establish Risk Patterns and Guide Treatment Decisions in Repeat Intoxicated Drivers in Dane County

This article describes the use of the Early Detection of Alcohol Consumption (EDAC) test to guide decisions about repeat intoxicated driver risk in Dane County. Testing was conducted during the assessment interview (baseline) and every three months for a 12-month follow-up period. The EDAC identified 28% (25/89) of drivers as heavy drinkers even though 60% (15/25) of them reported full abstinence the month before testing. This information helped the assessors address drivers' state of denial at baseline and provided a more effective treatment plan based on each driver's needs. During follow-up, 30% of these drivers abstained from drinking, 34% experienced a relapse, and 35% became noncompliant with biomarker testing. Of those who relapsed, 68% returned to abstinence after biomarker information was used as brief intervention to encourage abstinence. These results are contributing to the implementation of evidence based practices in highway safety and are setting up new guidelines in Wisconsin counties as tools to assess risk and prolong recovery in repeat intoxicated drivers.

Detection of alcohol consumption in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis during the evaluation process for liver transplantation

Alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) is a commonly accepted indication for liver transplantation (LT). Any alcohol consumption is considered a contraindication for LT. However, the assessment of abstinence in everyday practice mostly relies on patient self-reporting, which must be considered highly unreliable. After consumption, ethanol is eliminated by alcohol dehydrogenase, with methanol accumulating in the blood. Methanol, which is known to be a sensitive and specific indicator for recent alcohol consumption, has not been used for verifying alcohol consumption in LT assessments yet. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of using methanol testing to identify recent alcohol consumption in LT candidates during routine and short-notice appointments. We compared methanol and ethanol measurements with self-reported alcohol consumption for 41 patients with ALC during the evaluation process before they were accepted onto the waiting list. In 32 of the 92 blood samples drawn from these 41 patients during the study, a relapse was detected by the methanol test. Both the ethanol test results and the self-reported data were positive in only 3 cases. Thus, the methanol test identified 29 additional cases of alcohol consumption. Furthermore, the methanol test discovered recent alcohol consumption in 5 of 10 transplant patients when both self-reported data and ethanol test results were negative. As a part of blood alcohol analysis, the methanol test is more sensitive than self-reporting and ethanol testing for the detection of recent alcohol consumption. Also, short-notice appointments for blood alcohol analysis reveal more cases of alcohol relapse than routine, long-term appointments. The measurement of methanol as a sensitive screening test for recent alcohol consumption should be implemented both in law and in daily, routine practice. Liver Transpl 18:1310-1315, 2012. © 2012 AASLD.

Su1600 Urinary Ethyl Glucuronide Improves the Detection of Alcohol Consumption in Liver Transplant Candidates and Recipients

Su1600 Urinary Ethyl Glucuronide Improves the Detection of Alcohol Consumption in Liver Transplant Candidates and Recipients

1369 TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY IN ACUTE ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS AND DURING FOLLOW UP: A SINGLE-INSTITUTION EXPERIENCE

(p < 0.0001; CI = 7.42, 20.58; % of events correctly reclassified = 39.47%), respectively. The combination of uEtG with CDT and AUDIT-c showed a better prediction rate of alcohol consumption when compared to the combination of CDT and AUDIT-c and the combination of CDT, AUDIT-c, MCV, GGT and AST/ALT ratio, with a NRI of 18.69% (p < 0.0001; CI = 11.31, 26.08; % of events correctly reclassified = 46.51%) and 36% (p < 0.0001; CI = 26.93, 45.07; % of events correctly reclassified = 16.27%; % of non events correctly reclassified = 48.43%), respectively. Conclusions: uEtG represents a sensitive, specific and accurate marker of alcohol consumption in LTCs and LTRs, and improves detection of alcohol consumption in these patients. Hence, it should be routinely used in the assessment of LTCs and LTRs.

OC-23 Urinary ethyl glucuronide improves the detection of alcohol consumption in liver transplant candidates and recipients

OC-23 Urinary ethyl glucuronide improves the detection of alcohol consumption in liver transplant candidates and recipients

Can ethyl glucuronide in hair be determined only in 3cm hair strands?

This paper addresses the suitability of ethyl glucuronide in hair (EtGH) strands other than 3cm for alcohol consumption. This issue will be addressed (a) by statistically comparing the distribution of EtGH results for 3cm hair strands to other hair strands analysed from 4126 cases and (b) by examining the stability of EtGH in an 8cm hair strand and two 12cm hair samples of two volunteers and a post-mortem case using 1cm segmental analysis. For 3464 driving license re-granting Medical and Psychological Assessment (MPA) cases, the detection of alcohol consumption using hair lengths longer than 3cm was never significantly less than for 3cm hair lengths, even up to 12cm hair lengths analysed non-segmented. For 662 non-MPA cases, where, in contrast to MPA cases, generally no abstinence was required, an increase in the EtGH positivity rate was observed with increasing hair length analysed up to 9cm, indicating that EtG-washout effects seem to play a minor role if any. For both MPA and non-MPA hair samples less than 3cm, a drastic, significant increase in the number of positive EtGH samples were observed, compared to 3cm hair lengths, strongly supportive of EtGH incorporation from sweat after a recent alcohol consumption. Segmental studies indicated that EtG is stable in the hair matrix up to 12cm long, hence supporting the above results. Even though both the statistical and the stability studies are preliminary results which need to be confirmed by other studies, they both provide evidence for the determination of alcohol consumption using EtGH in hair lengths longer than 3cm. Amendments to the Consensus of the Society of Hair Testing, the German driving license re-granting guidelines and EWDTS hair guidelines with respect to testing for abstinence and/or alcoholism are proposed for the benefit of the donors.

Alcohol Consumption after the Recognition of Pregnancy and Correlated Factors among Indigenous Pregnant Women in Taiwan

To examine the rates and factors associated with alcohol consumption after the recognition of pregnancy among indigenous pregnant women, as well as the rates and factors associated with continuing alcohol consumption after the recognition of pregnancy among indigenous pregnant women who drank alcohol before the recognition of pregnancy in 10 hospitals in southern and eastern Taiwan. A total of 806 indigenous women who had just given birth in 10 hospitals in southern and eastern Taiwan were recruited. They were interviewed to collect their substance use information, demographic characteristics, psychological health status, history of physical abuse, and pregnancy history. The rates of alcohol consumption after the recognition of pregnancy in all indigenous pregnant women and the rates of continuing alcohol consumption after the recognition of pregnancy among those who drank alcohol before the recognition of pregnancy were calculated. The factors relating to alcohol consumption and continuing alcohol consumption after the recognition of pregnancy were examined using logistic regression analyses. The results of this study found that 26.6% of indigenous pregnant women drank alcohol at any stage after the recognition of pregnancy, and 52.5% of indigenous pregnant women who drank alcohol before the recognition of pregnancy persisted in drinking alcohol after the recognition of pregnancy. Multiple parities, smoking or chewing betel quid after the recognition of pregnancy, and a higher frequency of drinking alcohol before the recognition of pregnancy were significantly associated with alcohol consumption and continuing alcohol consumption after the recognition of pregnancy. Meanwhile, being single or divorced, and intimate partner violence after the recognition of pregnancy were significantly associated with alcohol consumption after the recognition of pregnancy. High prevalence rates of alcohol consumption and continuing alcohol consumption after the recognition of pregnancy were found among indigenous pregnant women in Taiwan. Early detection of alcohol consumption and effective intervention for alcohol consumption during pregnancy are needed.

Alcohol Biomarkers as Tools to Guide and Support Decisions About Intoxicated Driver Risk

Objectives: This article describes the results of a pilot study that used alcohol biomarkers to guide decisions about driving under the influence (DUI) driver risk in the United States, replicating a European best practices model. The pilot tested whether biomarkers (1) can help the assessor identify high-risk drivers who continue to drink heavily after their arrest and (2) detect relapses in drivers enrolled in their drivers' safety plans. Methods: These questions were addressed using two biomarkers, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), and the Early Detection of Alcohol Consumption (EDAC) test, to evaluate the drinking behavior in repeat offenders during the assessment interview (baseline) and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months' follow-up. The cutoff used to determine heavy drinking at baseline was 2.2 percent CDT and 40 percent P-positive for EDAC. A 30 percentage point increase in biomarker value from an abstinent baseline signaled a relapse and a 30 percentage point decrease in biomarker value from a previous positive measure signaled reduced drinking/abstinence. Results: The results show that the EDAC used alone identified 18 percent of drivers as heavy drinkers at baseline compared to 5 percent for CDT and 8 percent for GGT. The best detection rate was achieved with the EDAC-CDT combination, which captured heavy drinking in 20 percent of the repeat offenders at baseline, most of whom (68%) denied drinking at the assessment interview. During follow-up, 52 percent of drivers abstained/reduced their drinking, almost 20 percent experienced a relapse, and 30 percent remained noncompliant with testing. Drivers who relapsed were less likely to be employed full-time (67 versus 84%) or married (17 versus 30%) compared to those who abstained. Of the drivers who relapsed, 80 percent returned to abstinence or reduced their drinking after biomarker information was used as brief intervention by the counselors. Conclusion: Biomarker testing improved the assessment and monitoring of repeat offenders in this pilot because it provided an objective tool to identify high-risk drivers allowing for better treatment recommendations and helped identified drivers who relapsed during follow-up to facilitate a brief intervention by the counselor that resulted in reduced alcohol consumption. These results contribute to establish evidence based practices in highway safety and are setting up new guidelines in the United States to reduce drunk driving.

Using Routine Laboratory Tests to Detect Heavy Drinking in the General Population

This article describes a new biomarker known as the Early Detection of Alcohol Consumption (EDAC) test, which has been steadily penetrating the U.S. market. The EDAC uses routine laboratory tests to make a prediction of heavy drinking in any given person. When tested in mainstream insurance populations, the EDAC has shown twice the specificity of the traditional liver enzyme tests and is significantly more sensitive than the CDT test, which is expected because the EDAC uses a combination of laboratory tests. Maximum diagnostic accuracy is achieved when the CDT test is used to confirm a positive EDAC test. Since brief interventions have proven successful, the early identification of alcohol problems becomes a vital role for physicians. Improved awareness of alcohol misuse can certainly be accomplished through an increased use of biomarkers, with and without concomitant self-report. The ultimate goal is to facilitate early intervention and the successful management of patients diagnosed with heavy drinking.

Discrimination of Dizziness and Detection of Alcohol Consumption by Posturography

Discrimination of Dizziness and Detection of Alcohol Consumption by Posturography

The combined use of the early detection of alcohol consumption (EDAC) test and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin to identify heavy drinking behaviour in males.

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of the combined use of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and the Early Detection of Alcohol Consumption (EDAC) test to assess heavy drinking in a population of males (n = 187) drinking an average of 20 drinks per day. Heavy drinkers (n = 138) and light drinkers (n = 49) were analysed in three ways: using the EDAC test alone, using the CDT test alone and using the EDAC and CDT tests combined. The EDAC method uses linear discriminant function to analyse a battery of routine laboratory tests that generate a score for each subject and its associated probability value. This translates into the likelihood of each individual being a heavy or a light drinker. CDT uses ion-exchange chromatography to extract CDT in the serum and quantifies it by radioimmunoassay. The EDAC alone showed 88% (122/138) sensitivity rate when identifying heavy drinking males and 98% (48/49) specificity rate when assessing light drinkers. The CDT test alone showed a sensitivity rate of 58% (80/138) and a corresponding specificity rate of 96% (47/49). When analysed in parallel, 92% (127/138) of heavy drinkers showed abnormal EDAC and/or CDT tests and 94% (46/49) of light drinkers were negative for both tests. When analysed sequentially, the CDT test confirmed 61% (75/122) of the heavy drinkers identified by the EDAC test. Specificity rate for this testing strategy was 100%, because the only false positives for EDAC tested negative for CDT. This preliminary study shows that EDAC and CDT may react independently to alcohol intake and can be combined for maximum diagnostic accuracy.

The Early Detection of Alcohol Consumption (EDAC) Score in the Identification of Heavy and At-Risk Drinkers from Routine Blood Tests

The objective of this study was to use the EDAC score to detect heavy and at-risk drinking in young adults (mean age = 25 years) and compare the results to self-reports. The EDAC score is a linear discriminant function (LDF) derived from the analysis of a combination of up to 35 blood chemistry and hematology analytes ordered routinely in clinical settings. Subjects (N = 150) were recruited from medical care facilities at the University of Missouri, Columbia. Blood samples, obtained from males (N = 66) and females (N = 84), were sent to LabCorp (Burlington, NC) for analysis. The blood chemistry panels were evaluated using a Linear Discriminant Function method available through SPSS software to predict whether each individual was a Heavy Drinker or an At-Risk Drinker. Heavy Drinkers consumed on average > 4 drinks daily for males and > 3 drinks daily for females. At-Risk Drinkers consumed at least 14 drinks per week or drank more than 4 drinks on any occasion in the last 14 days if male and consumed at least 7 drinks per week or more than 3 drinks on any occasion if female. Not-Heavy Drinkers and Not-At-Risk Drinkers consumed less than the amounts above. The results showed 8/10 (80%) males and 2/2 women identified as Heavy Drinkers by both the EDAC score (priorprobability Not-Heavy vs. Heavy Drinker = 0.5:0.5) and self-report. Fifty of 56 (89%) males and 65/82 (79%) of females were identified as Not-Heavy Drinkers by both EDAC score and self-report. There were 6/54 (11%) males and 15/82 (18%) women with false positive results, of these, 14/21 (67%) met dependence criteria by DSM-IV. The EDAC test showed 30% sensitivity and 96% specificity when identifying At-Risk drinking males and 42% sensitivity and 90% specificity when identifying At-Risk drinking females. In females, the EDAC's sensitivity was higher than any single traditional or new laboratory marker previously reported for diagnosis of alcohol abuse such as GGT, MCV and CDT. As a complement or a substitute to an interview, in subjects who are less candid about their drinking, the EDAC is a useful tool to assess heavy and at-risk alcohol consumption in young adults.