Alcian Blue Reaction Research Articles

Changes in human skin composition due to intrinsic aging: a histologic and morphometric study

Skin represents the main barrier against the external environment, but also plays a role in human relations, as one of the prime determinants of beauty, resulting in a high consumer demand for skincare-related pharmaceutical products. Given the importance of skin aging in both medical and social spheres, the present research aims to characterize microscopic changes in human skin composition due to intrinsic aging (as opposed to aging influenced by external factors) via histological analysis of a photoprotected body region. Samples from 25 autopsies were taken from the periumbilical area and classified into four age groups: group 1 (0–12 years), group 2 (13–25 years), group 3 (26–54 years), and group 4 (≥ 55 years). Different traditional histological (hematoxylin–eosin, Masson’s trichrome, orcein, toluidine, Alcian blue, and Feulgen reaction) and immunohistochemical (CK20, CD1a, Ki67, and CD31) stains were performed. A total of 1879 images photographed with a Leica DM3000 optical microscope were morphometrically analyzed using Image ProPlus 7.0 for further statistical analysis with GraphPad 9.0. Our results showed a reduction in epidermis thickness, interdigitation and mitotic indexes, while melanocyte count was raised. Papillary but not reticular dermis showed increased thickness with aging. Specifically, in the papillary layer mast cells and glycosaminoglycans were expanded, whereas the reticular dermis displayed a diminution in glycosaminoglycans and elastic fibers. Moreover, total cellularity and vascularization of both dermises were diminished with aging. This morphometric analysis of photoprotected areas reveals that intrinsic aging significantly influences human skin composition. This study paves the way for further research into the molecular basis underpinning these alterations, and into potential antiaging strategies.

Microanatomical, histochemical and morphometric features of the major and selected minor salivary glands in laboratory Wistar rat.

The major and minor salivary glands are responsible for saliva production, a fluid drained in the oral cavity that will be involved in several functions at this level. The present study aimed to compare the microanatomy of the major (parotid, mandibular, sublingual) and minor salivary glands (von Ebner's and Weber's) of the Wistar rat, from a histological, histochemical and morphometrically point of view. Predominantly serous glands (parotid, mandibular and von Ebner's) showed differences in the secretion composition on both PAS and alcian blue reactions. The same observations were identified also for the mostly mucous salivary glands (sublingual and Weber). In terms of surface dimensions, the measurements suggested that the mucous acini have a greater surface compared with the serous ones, and, at the same time, a better-represented polymorphism. In conclusion, the major and minor salivary glands in Wistar rats, a commonly used species in experimental procedures, showed similarities with other species including humans, but some structural traits are breed-specific, this finding is very important for an extensive understanding of the morphophysiology of the salivary glands.

Pathoanatomical algorithm for differential diagnosis of Paget's disease of the breast

Paget's disease of the breast is a rare type of cancer that affects the skin of the nipple and usually the areola. At the same time, most patients also have one or more tumors in the immediate vicinity of the focus of mammary Paget's disease. This tumor must be distinguished from normal or atypical Toker cells, and also differentiated from diseases such as Bowen's disease of the nipple and melanocytic lesions of the nipple and areola region, including nipple melanoma and BAP1-inactivated nevus (Wiesner nevus). Currently, there is no routine pathological diagnostic algorithm for these conditions. The aim of the work is to formulate a clear clinical and morphological algorithm for diagnosing Paget's disease of the breast and Toker cells, Bowen's disease of the nipple and areola, as well as melanoma and BAP1-inactivated nevi of the above localizations. Surgical material obtained from patients with Paget's disease of the breast (18), Toker cells of the nipple (2), Bowen's disease of the nipple (6), melanoma of the nipple (1), BAP1-inactivated nevus (1) was studied. The material was examined histologically with hematoxylin and eosin staining, Alcian blue and PAS reaction, as well as immunohistochemically with the following panel of antibodies: CD138, p53, CK8, CK7, HER2/neu, EMA, HMB-45, Melan A, S-100, p63, p16 and BAP1. An easy-to-learn pathoanatomical algorithm for diagnosing Paget's cancer has been developed, which will be especially useful for pathologists who encounter pathology of the nipple and areola in their work.

Histochemical Evaluation of Mucin-Secreting Cell Activity in the Stomach of the Wistar Rat

Mucin plays a very important role in the physiological function of the stomach in all species, but the representation of mucin-secreting cells differs from species to species. The aim of this study was to highlight these cells in the stomach of the Wistar rat. For histological investigations, fragments of the stomach from the three main regions (cardiac, fundic and pyloric) were harvested from four Wistar rats and further stained with PAS and Alcian blue methods. The histochemical results showed the presence of mucin-secreting cells in the examined tissues. An intense PAS positive reaction was found in the surface epithelium cells of the gastric mucosa and in the cells lining the gastric crypts in all the three segments. In the deep glandular structures, the cells of the cardiac and fundic glands are PAS negative, while those of the pyloric glands are all PAS positive. For Alcian blue reaction, the cells lining the gastric mucosa and the crypts in the three regions of the stomach were negative. In the glands, the cells of the cardiac and fundic glands were Alcian negative while in the pyloric glands, a limited number of cells arranged in the deep third of the glands showed a weak positive Alcian reaction. In conclusion, the vast majority of glandular cells in the rat's stomach do not synthesize acidic mucins, except for cells in the deep part of the pyloric glands, which synthesize small amounts of such mucins.

The structure of spleen in the long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus): Histological and immunohistochemical study.

The aim of this study was to examine the structure of the spleen in the long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus) by histologically and the distribution of the catalase in the spleen by immunohistochemically. The tissue materials were taken from three healthy long-legged buzzards provided by permission of the General Directorate of Nature Protection and National Parks (Ankara, Turkey). The long-legged buzzard spleen is surrounded by smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue. In addition, trabecular structures are not found in the capsule. The separation of white and red pulp areas could not be precisely determined. Plasma cells were detected especially around the lymphoid follicles and lymphatic follicles and Schweigger-Seidel cells were formed by reticulum strands. Alcian blue positive reaction was determined in Schweigger-Seidel cells and endothelial cells of the long-legged buzzard spleen. The intense cytoplasmic catalase immunoreactivity was observed in the Schweigger-Seidel cells and nuclear in some red pulp cells of the long-legged buzzard spleen.Consequently, determination of the histological structure and catalase immunoreactivity of the spleen on the long-legged buzzard by this study could be support for the future researches.

Crop Morpho-Histological Peculiarities in Domesticated Pigeons (Columba livia domestica), Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) and Domesticated Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domestica)

The crop architecture varies among different avian species consistent with their feeding habits. Therefore, twenty-one of mature healthy male pigeons (granivorous), cattle egrets (carnivorous), and ducks (omnivorous), seven per species, were utilized for the histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analyses. Histologically, the mucosal folds were covered by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the three investigated species. The mucosal glands are only peculiar to the crops of the cattle egrets as well as the ducks, while the pigeons' crops were devoid of any secretory units. Morphometrically, the optical densities of the Alcian blue (AB) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) reactions in the secretory glands, the area % of collagen fibers, the thickness of the tunica musculosa were measured and declared significant differences among the three studied avian species. Immunohistochemical reaction revealed ki-67 immuno-positive reactivity in the nuclei of basal cell layers of the crop epithelium in pigeons only. Regarding ultrastructure investigation, the covering epithelium of all studied species had been shown to be the basal layer of cuboidal to tall columnar cells with desmosomal junctions at the level of their cellular interdigitation, intermediate layers of large irregular polygonal cells with obviously increased cytokeratin filaments especially in the ducks and cellular interdigitation in between. The superficial layer of flat-shaped cells in the three investigated species manifested by desmosomal junctions in between but at the level of the surface squamous cells of the superficial layer, a fine lateral process is only inspected in the pigeons. In conclusion, the crop glands characterized by supranuclear electron dense secretory granules in the cattle egrets and electron-lucent in ducks.

Histochemical Assessment of Mucin-Secreting Cells from the Gastric Mucosa of Guinea Pigs

Stomach fragments from 3 guinea pigs were collected from the three regions: cardiac, fundic and pyloric, for histochemical investigations. The anatomical segments were processed by the classical method of inclusion in paraffin and the histological sections were stained with PAS reaction for highlighting the neutral mucins and the Alcian blue method for acid mucins. All the surface cells of the gastric mucosa and in the crypts were positive on the PAS reaction and negative in the case of the alcian blue reaction. This demonstrates that cells on the surface and in the crypts synthetize neutral mucins. In the case of the cardiac region glands, only a small number of cells were positive on the two histochemical reactions, which shows that the cardiac glands in guinea pig synthesize a very small amount of neutral and acidic mucins. There are no positive cells in neither reaction used in the fundic glands case, which shows that these glands do not synthesize mucins, neither neutral nor acidic content. The glands located in the pyloric region have cells in the deep half of the wall which were positive on both histochemical reactions, which shows that they synthesize both neutral mucins and acidic mucins.

Morphological study of the rabbit gustatory lingual papillae during postnatal life by light and scanning electron microscopy.

This study aimed to investigate the postnatal morphological features of rabbit's lingual gustatory papillae using histological, histochemical, morphometrical and scanning electron microscopical studies. A total of 48 New Zealand rabbits (1, 7, 15, 23, 30, 60days postnatal) were used as the material. Tongue consisted of an apex, body and root with three types of gustatory papillae fungiform, vallate and foliate. Rounded to oval fungiform papillae were distributed on lingual apex among filiform papillae. Two foliate papillae on lateroposterior side have parallel folia increased progressively in number (14-20) with age advancement. Two oval vallate papillae on lingual root surrounded by annular grooves. Histologically, the gustatory papillary epithelium was thin at birth then increased in stratification and cornification from third to fourth week. Vallate and foliate grooves were shallow in newborns then grew deeply by desquamation of their lining epithelium which completely opened and connected with lingual excretory ducts at 23days. Developing serous von Ebner's glands appeared at 23days and became lobulated form 1-2months. They gave a negative reaction with Periodic Acid Schiff-Alcian blue stain, while mucous Weber's glands showed Alcian blue positive reaction. Taste buds were firstly seen at 15days old, increased in number and size and became mature with taste pores from third to fourth week. They distributed dorsally on fungiform and on lateral sides of vallate and foliate. This structural adaptation and maturity of gustatory papillae to meet the functional demands of food ingestion during the transition from suckling to dry matter feeding.

Light and Electron Microscopic Studies on the Possible Protective Effect of Ginger on the Gastric Fundic Mucosa of Adult Male Albino Rats Treated with 5- Fluorouracil

Introduction: 5-fluorouracil is a potent antimetabolite chemotherapeutic medication used for treatment of various malignancies . Using this agent result in toxic effect mainly in the lining of digestive tract. To ameliorate 5 FU toxic effect ginger was implicated in this study.Aim of the Work: To evaluate the microscopic effect of 5-fluorouracil on gastric fundus mucosa in rat models . and to study the possible beneficial role of ginger in the ameliorations of these changes. Material and Methods: Forty-eight adult male albino rates were divided into four groups: group I (control), group II received ginger orally in a dose of 200 mg/kg/day , group III received 5-fluorouracil (15 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and group IV received 5 FU and Ginger as previous doses for 5 days. The fundic part of stomach was excised and subjected to light and electron microscopic studies.Results: In 5 FU treated group, the fundic gastric mucosa showed multiple areas of tissue loss , congested dilated blood vessels and extravasated red blood cells and mononuclear infiltration were seen between fundic gland cells. Parietal cells showed ballooned appearance, vacuolated cytoplasm, and pykontic nuclei. PAS/ Alcian blue stained sections showed marked reduction in both alcian blue and PAS positive reaction. There was strong positive cytoplasmic reaction in the apical and middle parts of the fundic glands for caspase 3 while large number of parietal cells were stained positive for Cox 2. These histological findings were improved after ginger administration. Histomorphometric study revealed significant weight reduction, increased mucosal ulcer depth, decreased mucosal thickness and increased number of parietal cells in 5 FU treated group when compared to control group. Conclusion: 5FU causes gastric damage in rat model. Ginger supplementation could be used to alleviate the damaging pathological effect on gastric fundus.

First evidence of histological and histochemical intraspecific differences in salivary glands in Brown Norway and albino Wistar rats*

The size of salivary glands, acinar structure, and secretion particularities differ from one species to another and are influenced by diet and environment. In order to investigate whether there are histological or histochemical differences in the salivary glands of animals from the same species, bred in identical conditions of environment and diet, we assessed two laboratory rat strains. The salivary glands from two rat strains were processed for histological and histochemical investigations. Histologically, we noticed differences in the parotid gland: seromucous acini were present in Brown Norway rat and typical serous ones in Wistar rat. Histochemically, we observed that cells in the parotid gland present a moderate PAS-positive reaction only in Wistar rat. In the mandibular gland, the size and shape of the acini were similar, whereas the cytoplasm of acinar and granular duct cells was PAS-positive in both rat strains, but with different intensities. In the sublingual gland, both PAS and Alcian blue reactions were positive in the two rat strains, with a higher intensity in the Brown Norway strain. Our study highlighted intraspecific histological and histochemical differences in salivary glands from two rat strains bred and fed in identical conditions.

Presence of Granular Ducts in Mandibular Gland in Rabbit

The present study focuses on the intralobular ducts present in rabbit mandibular gland, from a histological and histochemical point of view. We harvested mandibular gland samples from five rabbits (approximately six month old), which were paraffin embedded and subsequently stained for histological investigation with hematoxylin-eosin. PAS and Alcian blue reactions were used for histochemical assessment. Results show that mandibular gland in rabbit contains one type of acini, namely serous. Concerning the intralobular ducts, there were three types identified: intercalated, granular and striated. Granules present in the cytoplasm of the cells lining the granular ducts appear acidophilic on hematoxylin-eosin staining procedure. Histochemically, granular cells present a moderately PAS positive material (meaning they secrete neutral mucosubstances) and negative staining to Alcian blue reaction (no acid and sulfated mucosubstances were detected). We highlighted the presence of granular ducts in rabbit mandibular gland, which synthesize neutral mucosubstances according to the histochemical reactions applied.

Comparative Histomorphology and Histochemistry of Thoracic Aorta in Deccani Sheep and Bidri Goat

Thoracic aorta were elastic type, tunica intima consisted of a single layer of flattened endothelial cells, sub endothelial layer and indistinct internal elastic membrane. Tunica media is thickest among the three layers and well-defined elastic lamellae, they were separated by circularly arranged smooth muscle, collagen fibers and reticular fibers. External elastic membrane was not distinguishable from many elastic layers in tunica media and tunica adventitia was comprised of collagen fibers, elastic fibers, vasa vasorum and fibroblasts in loose connective tissue. Histochemically thoracic aorta of both the species showed strong (+++) PAS positive in the tunica intima of Bidri goat and Deccani sheep. Tunica media showed moderate (++) alcian blue (pH 1.0) reaction in sheep, whereas, in goat it was strong (+++) alcian blue reaction and tunica adventitia was strong (+++) PAS positive in Deccani sheep whereas, in goat it was strong (+++) alcian blue positive.

Histology and Histochemistry of Interstitial Tissue of Testes in Mountain (Gaddi) Goats-A Postnatal Developmental Study

Testicular tissues obtained from 30 mountain (Gaddi) goats ranging from newborn to > 60 months age divided into 3 age groups viz; prepubertal (neonatal to 18 months to 60 months) with at least 10 animals in each group were studied for histological and histochemical changes in their interstitium at various stage of development. The loose connective tissue comprised of various mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts, undifferentiated and differentiated Leydig cells-in various stages of development with capillaries and lymphatics filled up the interstices between the sex cords/seminiferous tubules being more juvenile in neonates (with mesenchymal and young fibroblast cells) and mature (fibroblasts, fibrocytes and Leydig cells) in older animals. The latter also showed mononuclear cell infiltration as an autoimmune reaction of the ageing testicles. It contributed 65% of testicular tissues in neonates but 13–15% in pubertal and slightly less in postpubertal animals. Among the various cell types, Leydig cells were mostly PAS reactive. The Alcian Blue reaction was inconclusive, colloidal iron stained them mildly to moderately in neonates and prepubertal, moderately to strongly in pubertal and postpubertal groups. BPB reaction for protein and Feulgen for DNA was also strongly represented. Sudan black-B and oil red-O revealed an increasing trend with age. AKPase and ACPase activity was moderate in the Leydig cells.

Histological , Histochemical and Immunohistological Comparative Study between Ranitidine and Rebamipide in Gastric Mucosal Protection after Dexamethasone Induced Injury in Adult Male Albino Rats

Background: Gastritis can be caused by many factors, one of them is drugs, and among these drugs is dexamethasone that has many uses in medicine. Dexamethasone prevent synthesis of gastric mucous barrier by surface epithelial cells, so the stomach wall will be injured by digestive enzymes and stomach HCl. Treatment of gastritis can be done by antisecretory drugs like H2 receptors blocker as ranitidine or by drugs that stimulate prostaglandins synthesize by surface epithelial cells of gastric mucosa to form the mucous barrier like rebamipide. Aim of the work: Comparison between ranitidine and rebamipide to detect which mechanism is better in gastric mucosal protection after dexamethasone administration. Material and methods: Twenty male albino rats were included in this study, they were divided into four groups, control group, dexamethasone administrated group, dexamethasone and ranitidine administrated group, dexamethasone and rebamipide administrated group, each group contained five rats. The examined samples were stained with hematoxylin & eosin stain, PAS & Alcian blue stains and TdT reaction, all of the results were statistically analyzed. Results: The result showed improvement of the gastric mucosa by using both of ranitidine and rebamipide as protective agents against injury induced by dexamethasone but the improvement was better in the group that was administrated rebamipide as indicated by better number of healthy cells, low numbers of damaged cells and better formed mucous barrier.Conclusion: The drug that stimulates mucous barrier formation is better than antisecretory drug in gastric mucosa protection.

Histomorphometry and detection of glycosaminoglycans in the endocervical epithelium of pregnant rats after local administration of hyaluronidase

The aim of the study was to detect the presence of glycosaminoglycans and to investigate histomorphometric aspects of the endocervical epithelium in pregnant rats after local administration of hyaluronidase. Ten pregnant rats were randomly distributed into two groups. On day 18 of pregnancy 1 mL of distilled water and 0.02 mL of hyaluronidase were administered to the control group (CG) and the study group (SG), respectively On day 20 the rats were sacrificed, followed by dissection and removal of the uterine cervix, which was prepared for histomorphometry (endocervical epithelium thickness and leucocyte infiltration) and for immunohistochemistry with alcian blue reaction and its respective blockers. The paired Student t test was used to compare the groups. The SG was characterized by reduced epithelial thickness (mean: 291.01 +/- 71.1 vs. 764.30 +/- 50.94; p < 0.0001) and a larger number of eosinophils (mean: 3.72 +/- 1.60 vs. 0.54 +/- 0.70; p < 0.0001). Alcian blue staining (pH 0.5) indicated a very strong reaction (3+) for the CG. With pH 2.5, the staining was also very intense (4+) in the CG. With methylation, both groups showed negative reactions after alcian blue staining (pH 2.5). With the methylation reaction followed by saponification and with enzymatic digestion of the lamina, staining showed a weak reaction (1+) in both groups. The SG presented with significant alterations related to the reduction of epithelial thickness and an increase in leucocyte infiltration. Furthermore, the use of hyaluronidase resulted in a significant decrease of the sulfated glycosaminoglycans.

Comparative Anatomical, Histological and Histochemical Study of the Liver in Three Species of Birds

The aim of this study is to determine the anatomical features and histological structures as well as some histochemical aspects of the liver of three species of birds that differ in their nutrition, habitat and classification, by using light microscope. The birds were Larus canus, Agaporins fischeri and Numida meleagris. The results showed that the liver of the three species of birds was a dense, large and bilobed organ, it differed in size, color, lobes shape and presence of secondary lobes among the three species. The liver tissue of the three species consisted of hepatocytes which were radially arranged around the central veins interconnecting laminae of one to two cell thickness. The hepatocytes differed in size among the three species. Lumen of sinusoids contained mainly erythrocytes, macrophages and lining by the Kupffer cells. Histochemically, the hepatic cells in the three species of birds were weakly positive to periodic acid Schiff and alcian blue reactions, while they were negative to bromophenol blue reaction and they were moderately positive to Sudan black B reaction.

Effect of experimentally induced portal hypertension on the fundic mucosa of adult male albino rats and the possible protective role of quercetin supplementation

Introduction Portal hypertension (PHT) is a hyperdynamic circulation disorder. Its precise effect on the fundic mucosa remains a matter of controversy. Aim of study Evaluation of the effect of long –term experimental induction of PHT on the rat fundic mucosa and the possible protective role of quercetin. Materials and methods Forty rats were divided into the following three main groups; control, partial portal vein ligation (PPVL) and PPVL receiving 50 mg/kg/day of quercetin given intraperitoneal. After ten weeks from PPVL induction, samples from fundus of stomach were prepared for light and electron microscope. Tissue and blood samples were examined for inflammatory, oxidative stress and antioxidant markers. The number of parietal cells, area % of collagen fibers, PAS –alcian blue reaction, nitrotyrosine- and caspase-3 positive reaction were measured morphometrically and statistically analyzed. Results Fundic mucosa of PPVL group showed loss of normal architecture, exfoliation of the surface epithelium, inflammatory cellular infiltration and congestion of blood vessels in lamina propria. Parietal cells showed dilatation of their intracellular canaliculi. Many mucous cells had apoptotic nuclei. Chief cells had few secretory granules and dilated RER. Statistically, there was significant increase in the area% of collagen fibers, nitrotyrosine, caspase- 3 and inflammatory markers while area% of PAS–alcian blue reaction, number of parietal cells and tissue antioxidant enzymes showed significant reduction comparing with the control. Quercetin markedly protect fundic mucosa from histological and biochemical deleterious effects of PHT. Conclusion PHT exerts a deleterious histological and biochemical effects on the fundic mucosa. Both antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects of Quercetin offer degree of protection for fundic mucosa, therefore, it may protect from gastropathy resulted from PHT.

Types and distribution of mucous cells of the abalone Haliotis diversicolor

The types and distribution of mucous cells of Haliotis diversicolor were observed and analyzed using the alcian blue and periodic acid schiffs (AB-PAS) reaction and histological procedures. According to the color of the mucous cells, they were divided into four types: Type I, pure red; type II, pure blue; type III, purple reddish; type IV, blue purple. Most of the mucous cells in the mantle were type II, with cup- or stick-like shape. Gill axis and gill filament epithelia were rich in mucous cells and most of them were type II and III, with circle-, cup- and stick-like shapes. There were a few mucous cells in the pedal epithelia, mainly type II, whereas, the pedal gland had a great density of mucous cells, which were large or small and mainly type II and IV. There were many mucous cells in the epithelia around the mouth, most of which were medium-sized cup-shaped type II. In the esophagus, the number of mucous cells decreased gradually from the anterior to posterior, whereas in the distal intestine mucous cells, there were more than in the proximal one and they were more cup–shaped and circle–shaped, mainly type II. Keywords: Haliotis diversicolor ; mucous cells, types, distribution

Histological damage and inflammatory response elicited by Monobothrium wageneri (Cestoda) in the intestine of Tinca tinca (Cyprinidae)

BackgroundAmong the European cyprinids, tench, Tinca tinca (L.), and the pathological effects their cestodes may effect, have received very little or no attention. Most literature relating to Monobothrium wageneri Nybelin, 1922, a common intestinal cestode of tench, for example, has focused on aspects of its morphology rather than on aspects of the host-parasite interaction.ResultsImmunopathological and ultrastructural studies were conducted on the intestines of 28 tench, collected from Lake Piediluco, of which 16 specimens harboured tight clusters of numerous M. wageneri attached to the intestinal wall. The infection was associated with the degeneration of the mucosal layer and the formation of raised inflammatory swelling surrounding the worms. At the site of infection, the number of granulocytes in the intestine of T. tinca was significantly higher than the number determined 1 cm away from the site of infection or the number found in uninfected fish. Using transmission electron microscopy, mast cells and neutrophils were frequently observed in close proximity to, and inside, the intestinal capillaries; often these cells were in contact with the cestode tegument. At the host-parasite interface, no secretion from the parasite's tegument was observed. Intense degranulation of the mast cells was seen within the submucosa and lamina muscularis, most noticeably at sites close to the tegument of the scolex. In some instances, rodlet cells were encountered in the submucosa. In histological sections, hyperplasia of the mucous cells, notably those giving an alcian blue positive reaction, were evident in the intestinal tissues close to the swelling surrounding the worms. Enhanced mucus secretion was recorded in the intestines of infected tench.ConclusionsThe pathological changes and the inflammatory cellular response induced by the caryophyllidean monozoic tapeworm M. wageneri within the intestinal tract of an Italian population of wild tench is reported for the first time.

Effects of oral administration of formaldehyde on albino rat stomach

Introduction Formaldehyde is one of the food additives used to preserve foods. Aim of the study To evaluate the histological changes produced by oral administration of formaldehyde on albino rat stomach. Materials and methods Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into two groups: a control group (I) and an experimental group (II), which received commercial formaldehyde solution orally (80 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks. Fore-stomach sections were stained by H&E. Glandular-stomach sections were stained by H&E, alcian blue PAS, and Feulgen reactions for light microscopic examination. Specimens from both stomach portions were processed for scanning electron microscopic examination. Thickness of mucosa, area % of alcian blue PAS reaction, and optical density of the Feulgen reaction were measured using an image analyzer. Data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results After the intake of oral formaldehyde, there was a significant increase in the thickness of the stomach lining epithelium. Fore-stomach sections revealed an irregular surface, excessive keratin scale, and basal cell hyperplasia with regional loss of papillation as well as inflammatory cellular infiltrations. Glandular-stomach sections exhibited scattered surface erosion and necrotic debris. Inflammatory cellular infiltrations and dilated blood vessels associated with edematous spaces were observed. The gastric gland cells showed cytoplasmic vacuolation, cystic dilatation, and apparent hyperplasia. There was a significant decrease in alcian blue PAS and Feulgen reactions. Conclusion The intake of oral formaldehyde has deleterious gastric effects in the form of irritating, regenerative effects as well as DNA damage that may be precancerous.