Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital Research Articles

Improving Mental Health Outcome in Hypertensive Patients: The Role of Relaxation Techniques

Background: Relaxation techniques (progressive muscle relaxation and deep breathing) have an impact on the patients with hypertension as they produce a relaxation response within the body and thus, are efficient in lowering the stress and blood pressure in the patients. Objective: This study aims to determine the role of relaxation techniques (progressive muscle relaxation and deep breathing) on improving mental health outcome in hypertensive patients (depression, anxiety and stress). Methodology: A Quasi-experimental design used to guide this study, it was conducted by use of a pre-posttest approach during the period 26th of November, 2023 to 7th of April, 2024. A non-probability (purposive) sampling has been performed during a selection of (100) patients who attending Outpatient Clinic in Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, (50) patients as control group and (50) patients as study group. The researcher used a socio-demographic and psychological parameter scale (DASS-21). Results: The findings of the current study show highly statistically significant differences in post-test between study and control group (at P ≤ 0.001). On other hand, there is no statistically significant difference in the pre-test between the two group of all psychological parameter (at P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the study's findings, progressive muscle relaxation and deep breathing exercises can both proved to be significantly effective in improve mental health in hypertensive patients (depression, anxiety and stress). Recommendations: In order to reduce hypertension and other psychological parameters in patients with essential hypertension, the researcher suggested combining pharmacological therapies with non-drug therapy (relaxation techniques intervention) in the management of hypertension.

Impact DASH System on Patients' Dietary Pattern after Recovery from Myocardial Infarction

Background: One of the top three causes of death and morbidity is cardiovascular disease Myocardial infarction is a clinical illness defined by quickly growing severe myocardial ischemia. It is the most frequent health problem in the world and the main cause of mortality. Objectives: The study aims to assess the dietary pattern of food intake frequency for patients with post- myocardial infarction. Patients & Methods: The quasi-experimental design has been carried out to determine the impact of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension system on patients with post-myocardial infarction, in the Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital's cardiac outpatient clinic for the period from 17th April 2023 to 3rd May, 2024. Nonprobability (purposive) sample of (60) patients were selected who recovering from myocardial infarction at AL Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. The study instrument comprised of (3) parts: part I: demographic details of the patient, which included seven items. Part II: Data on clinical characteristics, consisting of (3) items and Part III: Evaluation of diet frequency consisting of (8) items. Results: The study results showed that most of the food groups were (less than the Recommended Daily Servings) in pre-test, then became (Equal to the Recommended Daily Servings) in post-test in the study group. While most of the food groups were (Less than the Recommended Daily Servings) in pre-test and post-test in the control group. Also, there were statistically significant differences between the study and control groups in the post-test measurements regarding the evaluation of the dietary pattern of food intake frequency at (p. value <0.05). Conclusions: The DASH system was effective in improving the dietary pattern of patients after recovery from myocardial infarction. And in assessing food intake frequency and the dietary pattern at p. value <0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the study and the control group on the post-test measures.

Effectiveness of the Educational Program on Nurses’ Knowledge concerning Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) is one of the acute diabetic complications that commonly seen with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This represents a critical case necessitating prompt and efficient intervention to prevent potential severe complications. Nursing plays a crucial role in the care of these patients at the critical care settings. Specifically, the project aims to investigate whether nurses' HHS knowledge can be enhanced by educational programs. Quasi-experimental design was used to investigate the effect of the educational program on nurses’ knowledge about HHS at Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital in three unites: Cardiac Care Unites (CCU), respiratory care unit (RCU) and emergency room (ER). A non-probability (purposive) sample was chosen from nurses who works in these three unites, the study group consisted of 35 nurses, while the control group comprised 41 nurses. A statistical package for social science (SPSS) program, version 26 was used for descriptive and inferential statistics. By comparing the nurses’ knowledge about HHS between the test before (6.4286± 1.35659) and after the program (8.2000± 1.10613), there is a significant difference in nurses’ knowledge after the program in the study group, but as for the control group, there is no difference. By comparing the nurses' knowledge regarding nursing care of HHS between the test before (14.0286± 2.05062) and after the program (16.6286± 1.41600), there is a significant increase in nurses' knowledge about nursing care of HHS after the program in the study group. The finding of study show that the educational program was effective to enhance nurses’ knowledge about HHS.

Study of Heavy Metals in the Bottom Ash that is Left Over from Burning Medical Waste at Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, Iraq

Study of Heavy Metals in the Bottom Ash that is Left Over from Burning Medical Waste at Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, Iraq

Aminoglycoside Susceptibility among Extensive Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Hospitalized Patients in Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq

Abstract Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most prevalent Gram-negative microbes associated with serious and fatal nosocomial infections. It is routine to use aminoglycosides as a treatment for P. aeruginosa infections. Objectives: The dissemination of aminoglycoside resistance offers a major challenge to the treatment of life-threatening infections caused by these bacteria. Aim of Study: Determination of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and 16S ribosomal RNA methylases in extensive-drug resistant (XDR) P. aeruginosa isolates. Materials and Methods: From November 2021 to August 2022, a total of 200 samples were collected in this cross-sectional study including burns (n = 80, 40%), wounds (n = 66, 33%), and diabetic foot ulcers (n = 54, 27%) from admitted patients to Al-Diwaniyah Burn Center and Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. The identification and antibiotic susceptibility profile of P. aeruginosa were done by vitek2 compact system. The isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction assays with specific primers for ant(4’)-IIa, ant(4’)-IIb, acc(6’)-Ia, aph(3’)-IIb, rmtA, and rmtD. Results: The recovery rate of P. aeruginosa isolates was (n = 50, 25.0%) from the clinical samples. Antibiotic-susceptibility patterns demonstrated that 18% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant and 22 (44%) were XDR. The XDR isolates were resistant to all 14 antibiotics related to the seven antibiotic classes tested in this study. The prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance genes among XDR isolates is ant(4’)-IIa (22.7%), (4’)-IIb (27.3%), acc(6’)-Ia (18.18%), aph(3’)-IIb (100%), rmtA (36.36%), rmtD (36.36%), mexZ and parR (100%). Conclusion: Increased resistance to aminoglycosides in Al-Diwaniyah Hospitals serves to highlight how critical this issue is when treating multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa infections that are life-threatening. All the resistance isolates harbored aph(3’)-IIb gene.

Evaluation of Nurses' Competence in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation at AL-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a widely acknowledged medical method that involves applying chest compressions and artificial ventilation to ensure sufficient blood circulation to the brain and other vital organs. Approach: An observational study was carried out at Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital between October 15, 2023, and March 30, 2024. A non-probability cross-sectional sample was selected from 50 nurses in the cardiac care, intensive care, emergency, and pulmonary resuscitation units. Information was collected by preparing a questionnaire. It was built for the study, and data was collected through a personal interview. The questionnaire consisted of two parts; the first part included 7. Paragraphs and the second part contain 25 paragraphs. Information was collected using a personal interview method for the study sample, and its credibility was determined by presenting it to 10 experts. Results: The results of the study indicated that the majority of nurses have little knowledge about cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The cognitive weakness of the nursing staff does not affect gender and age, nor does it affect the number of years of service, place of work, training, and efficiency of cardiac resuscitation. Still, there is a relationship between their knowledge and academic qualification. Recommendations: he emphasized the necessity of involving nurses in scientific rehabilitation courses related to cardiac resuscitation. It is necessary to conduct field research to stop this problem and stimulate nursing creativity in this field.

Antimicrobial effect of biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles by Pseudomonas aeruginosa on bacteria isolated from wounds and burns

Abstract: background: In recent decades, the rise of antibiotic resistance as critical global health challenges, necessitating innovative approaches to address these pressing issues. The Center of Disease Control (CDC) estimates that antibiotic resistance is responsible for nearly 5 million deaths in 2019 Objective: This study aims to biosynthesise selenium nanoparticles and the possibility of using as antimicrobal. Methods: Samples were collected from Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate - Iraq , period from April 1, 2023 to June 1, 2023. Bacterial samples were collected from wounds and burns, then they were diagnosed using (Vitek-2 compact system- Biomerieux-France), then all the collected bacterial species were tested to produce selenium nanoparticles and the best bacteria capable of producing them were selected. The synthesis process involved incubation, centrifugation, and purification. The antimicrobal activity of SeNPs was evaluated .Results : Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the predominant pathogen accounting for 30%, followed by Bacillus (24%), Staphylococcus (16%), Escherichia coli (8%), and Candida albicans (12%). Mixed infections are found in 10%. Statistical analysis showed (chi-square = 40.32, p < 0.0001). The bacilli showed high sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (Cip) with a mean diameter of 28 ± 1.02, while amoxicillin (AX), ceftoxime (CTX), doxycycline (DO), and carbenicillin (PY) had no inhibitory effect (0 ± 0). Staphylococci showed sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (18 ± 0.64), amoxicillin (13 ± 0.22), cefatoxime (12 ± 0.4), doxycycline (12 ± 0.4), nitrofuranthone (THAT) (11 ± 1), and neomycin (17.2 ± 1.1). Escherichia coli showed sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (28 ± 1.02) and doxycycline (19 ± 1.4), while Candida albicans showed resistance to all antibiotics tested. Antimicrobial activity was measured using concentrations of 125, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL. Results show a concentration-dependent increase in inhibitory effects. Antibiofilm activity ranges from 2 to 1048 μg/mL.Discussion: Lower concentrations (125 µg/ml), minimal inhibition was observed, but as the concentration increased, a clear trend of enhanced inhibition emerged. Notably, at 250 µg/ml, significant growth inhibition was evident, with a concentration-dependent response. The highest concentration (1000 µg/ml) exhibited the most substantial inhibitory effects. The absence of inhibition in the negative control confirms the specificity of nano selenium's impact.conclusion. : The results demonstrate concentration-dependent inhibitory effects of nano selenium on various bacterial species.

Presentations and Incidence of Ocular Injuries Caused by Motorcycle Accidents in Iraq

Background Motorcycle accidents can be particularly hazardous, as riders are exposed to various risk factors, such as high speeds, lack of protective enclosures, and limited safety features. Aim of the study To describe the ocular injuries associated with motorcycled accidents presented to a tertiary center in Iraq. Patients and methods A multicenter cross-sectional (survey) study that involved 335 cases of motorcycle accidents that presented with unilateral or bilateral ocular trauma. The study was carried out at Ibn Al-Haitham Teaching Hospital, Al-Nauman Teaching Hospital, Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, and forensic centers located in Baghdad (Iraq capital) and Al-Qadisiyah from 1st of June 2019 to 1st of June 2023. Information regarding ocular injuries was recorded and classified according to the International Ocular Trauma Classification. Results The study involved 335 ophthalmological accidents; the mean age of the patients was 27.84± 9.6 years, most of them were males (96.7%), and there were only 11 females as passengers, 39 (11.6%) had injuries in both eyes. Lesions involving the periorbita, lids, and conjunctiva comprised most of the findings. There were 60.9% of patients with lid lacerations with or without sub-conjunctival bleeding, 22.1% with corneoscleral injury, and 17.9% with commotio retinae. It was the leading cause of decreased visual acuity, with 9% having lens capsule damage with or without iris prolapse and 8.1% having a ruptured capsule, 55.82% of patients had a mild injury, 27.16% had a moderate injury, and 17.01% had a severe injury. Conclusion Eye injury associated with motorcycle accidents mainly affect males in their youth age and has serious outcomes, sometimes ending with blindness.

Injuries of the upper extremities for individual and team games according to (types, areas of occurrence, causes, severity)For the players of Al-Qadisiyah Governorate


 Sports medicine is one of the sciences that serve sports in general by preserving the health and safety of the player and preventing and limiting the occurrence of injury to ensure that the player continues to practice sports activity, in addition to the necessity to rehabilitate the athlete and his return to the stadiums at the same level. The competition between the players and the teams leads to the occurrence of injuries and their increase day after day, and the importance of dealing with the upper limb in its parts for research comes to the fore. And the most frequent injuries, the causes and areas of their occurrence, and their severity as a phenomenon that deserves study, the preventive foundations, how injuries occur, and the method of immediate treatment, in a way that can represent a simple contribution to the process of advancing sports levels and achieving the sports goals envisaged by preparing and training athletes.The aim of the research is to identify the most common injuries that affect the upper extremity in individual and team sports, and to identify the rates and types of injuries in different sports, according to the specificity of each game. The researchers used the descriptive survey method for its suitability to the nature of the research. And the difference in the clubs of Al-Qadisiyah Governorate for the sports season (2021-2022) and those who visited the (Physiotherapy Center in Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital), with a total number of 212 injured, while the research sample was only 180 injured.The researchers concluded that the muscle rupture injury is one of the most common injuries in the upper extremity among the players of Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, while the blister injury was one of the least visible injuries when compared with other sports injuries. its regions.The researchers recommended not to overexertion in training and give complete rest to the athletes during and after training and try to reduce friction with the opponent by avoiding harassment that occurs with the other competing team and focus on a good warm-up before starting exercises and competitions to avoid the occurrence of sports injury and focus on warming up the homers, shoulder and hand. And his joint, which was the most exposed injury.
 

Association between plasma angiotensinogen level and response to valsartan among sample of Iraqi hypertensive patients.

Aim: The main aim of the present paper is to investigate allele frequencies of rs1799983 polymorphism eNOS genes and to determine association between rs1799983 polymorphism of eNOS gene and essential hypertension in Iraqi hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: Data obtained at the Al-Diwaniyah teaching hospital in Iraq by researchers from the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in the College of Medicine at University of Al-Qadisiyah from July 2022 to July 2023. All participants (aged 20 to 70) had been taking valsartan 160 mg once day for essential hypertension for at least two weeks before to the study. There were a total of 90 participants, 37 males and 53 women. Initial investigations of hypertension have indicated that the angiotensinogen gene has a substantial impact in susceptibility to essential hypertension through observational cross sectional descriptive single center study. Results: Indicate, in patients with essential hypertension, that the "AGT gene A>G (rs699) and C>T(rs5051)" have high angiotensinogen level, and there is no signif i cant association between these two (rs699, rs5051) and responsiveness to valsartan (P >0.05). Conclusions: Result showed the most common allele for rs699 was G allele (67%) while the most frequent genotype was AG (49%) and regarding rs5051 the most frequent allele was C (54%) while the most frequent genotype was CT (46%). In this study we demonstrate the lack of signif i cant association between two these polymorphisms and clinical response to valsartan (P >0.05).

Determination of Coronary Care Unit Nurses' Knowledge Regarding Patient Rehabilitation After Myocardial Infarction

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death worldwide. Objective: To determine of coronary care unit nurses' knowledge regarding patient rehabilitation after myocardial infarction. Methodology: A cross- sectional study was designed in the Cardiac Care Unit of Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital and the Specialized Center for Cardiac Surgery and Catheterization for the period from (November 7, 2022) to (May 12, 2023). A non-probability (purposive) sample consisting of (75 nurses) working in the above-mentioned study site. To determination of coronary care unit Nurses' knowledge regarding patient rehabilitation after myocardial infarction, the researcher used a tool that consists of two parts: The first part: is the demographic data of the study sample, and the second part: nurses' knowledge about patient rehabilitation after myocardial infarction includes 28 items. Results: The study showed that (48%) of the nurses in the study sample had fair levels of knowledge regarding patient rehabilitation after myocardial infarction. It also showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between the nurses' knowledge and their age. Conclusion: The current study concluded that the largest percentage of the participants in the study have fair knowledge about patient rehabilitation after myocardial infarction, while a small number of them have satisfactory knowledge.

Patients with COVID-19 and intestinal parasites in the Al-Diwaniyah Governorate

The study included a survey of intestinal parasites of patients infected with the emerging Coronavirus, COVID-19, in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate from October 2021 to June 2022, aimed to study the effect of Parasitic infection associated with COVID-19 patients in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, by examining 211 patients with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-COVID-19), their infection was confirmed by Real-time PCR method in the laboratories of Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. The results show that single parasitic infections were more common in COVID-19 patients, the rate of parasitic infection associated with coronadisease was more in cities than in the countryside, males were affected more than females, the age group (31-50) was more susceptible to infection, the rates of infection with parasitic species associated with Covid-19 patients varied, as a higher level of infection was recorded with Entamoeba spp with 66.66%, dwarf tapeworm H. nana by 16.66%, Giardia lamblia parasite G. lamblia by 10%, and finally Ascaris lumbricoides by 8.33% and 10.33%. Keywords: protozoa, helminths, covid-19, SARS-COVID-19.

The Distinction Between Male and Female Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccination

To effectively contain the COVID-19 pandemic, herd immunity must be attained, which necessitates a high vaccination rate. Despite the value of immunization, some people are still reluctant or unwilling to get the COVID-19 vaccine. In order to create community immunity and a successful future pandemic response, it is necessary to understand adults' intentions towards the COVID-19 immunization.. The aim of this study to examine the distinction between men and women attitudes towards coronavirus vaccine . Methods cross-sectional survey is conducted in this study and (nonprobability convenience sampling technique) is used for collecting data. Total samples of (400) adult person has been taken in (200) participants were taken from Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, (155) participants were taken from Public Health Center, (45) participants were taken from Orouba Preparatory School the current study. The samples are assessed attitudes adult community towards the COVID-19 Vaccination through a questionnaire. : The results of the current study have their no different between male and female in their attitudes toward Corona Virus vaccine.

Knee lesions with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear in Iraqi adult males: arthroscopic findings.

This cross-sectional study aimed at exploring the frequency and extent of knee joint lesions associated with delayed treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. It enrolled 300 patients from 2020 to 2022 who were subjected to arthroscopy for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The sample was comprised of Iraqi adult male patients from different regions of Iraq, and the surgical procedure was carried out in Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. The findings were recorded by Karl Storz's camera system. Dissection and arthroscopy were done under general anesthesia using an anterolateral portal technique. The study employed a visualization of the anterior cruciate ligament probing the meniscus and reaching the posteromedial space for the ramp lesion. The mean age of patients was 28.05±6.92 years, ranging from 19 to 35 years and the mean duration from onset of injury to the time of operation was 3.69±1.07 years, ranging from 6 months to 10 years. The arthroscopic examination revealed medial meniscus tear in 80% of the cases, lateral meniscus tear in 40% of the cases, cartilage lesion in 40% of the cases, and meniscus ramp lesions in 10% of the cases. Most cases of ACL tear are associated with a meniscus injury, cartilage defect, and collateral ligament tear. These serious lesions, such as complex meniscus tears or full articular cartilage defects, are a direct consequence of delayed treatment. Consequently, it is crucial to inform the patients about the significant issues that can arise due to treatment delays.

Traffic Safety Risk Assessment for Selected Roads in Al-Qadisiyah Province

Road risk assessments use the same methodology as regular risk assessments and describe all of the dangers that are connected to drivers who use their vehicles for daily-related objectives. These risks include the distance traveled, the duration of the trip, the planned breaks, the driver’s posture, the sorts of routes, and the available driving options. The manuscript explored traffic crashes, the geographical distribution of crashes, and the road characteristics to identify the riskiest roads in Al-Qadisiyah Province. Data was collected from Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, and the data was divided into internal regions with 5996 crashes and external regions with about 6867 crashes. After compiling, indexing, and dividing the data, it was found that the critical crash times are at the beginning and end of the official working hours and at the time of rest after working hours. Likewise, the highest number of injuries are related to motorcyclists with 2447 crashes. It was also found that people (22-35) years old have the largest number of crashes followed by people 18 years old. After calculating the total number of accidents and the rate of accidents for all the roads selected for the study, the results indicated that the Diwaniyah-Daghara road had the highest number of accidents than the rest of the selected roads, as the number of accidents was 921 accidents, followed by the second place in terms of the number of accidents, the Diwaniyah-Sunya road, and after calculating the amount of danger for all roads ( There are 7 external roads and 3 internal roads). It is followed in second place by the Diwaniyah-Shafi’iyyah road with a crash severity of 15.05, and in third place by the Diwaniya-Daghara road with a severity of 13.65, whereas, Al-Askari road was ranked third with the number of crashes of 671, and now it ranks fifth with a severity of 8.31.

Nurse's knowledge and awareness regarding insulin therapy for diabetic patients in the emergency department at al diwaniyah teaching hospital

Background: Diabetes Mellitus has affected humans for many decades, and the descriptions of it are amazing important, which it's incidence is rising abruptly worldwide, Nowadays, the introduction of new insulin formulations and a new emphasis on tight blood glucose control make inpatient diabetes treatment has become more complicated, and it requires very careful monitoring by the nursing staff, while expanding their knowledge and practical skills to prevent dangerous side effects when giving insulin to patients. Objectives: The study aims to assess the nurse's knowledge and awareness regarding Insulin Therapy for Diabetic Patients in the emergency department at Al Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, and finding the association between demographic data which as the gender, educational level, years of experiences in the emergency department, and training course and their level of nurse's knowledge. Materials and Methods: Descriptive study has been carried out to assess the nurse's knowledge and awareness regarding insulin therapy for diabetic patients in the emergency department at Al Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital for the period from 16 of January 2022 to 10 July of 2022. A purposive sample of (50) nurses who work in the emergency department at Al Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. A questionnaire format was constructed to assess the knowledge of nurses about insulin therapy for diabetic Patients in the emergency department at Al Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital.The questionnaire was divide to two main parts: First Part: Demographic data of the sample include (Age, Gender, Educational level, Duration of work as a nurse, Years of experiences and training courses regarding management of diabetic patients and insulin therapy. Second Part: This part include 18 multiple questions to assess the knowledge of nurses and awareness about insulin therapy for diabetic Patients in the emergency department at Al Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. Results: Results of the study shows the highest of nurses’ knowledge items are (Moderate). While (Bad) was the main nurses’ knowledge regarding to store insulin and perform a physical assessment to establish a baseline before beginning therapy. The majority of nurses 77.8% of nurses' knowledge have Moderate, while 11.1% of them have Bad and 11.1% of them have (Good) regarding to overall Assessment of nurses’ knowledge, there are a highly association between education level, and years of experience about management of diabetic Patients undergoing insulin therapy in the emergency department. Conclusion: The study concluded that the highest of nurses’ knowledge items are (Moderate). While (Bad) was the main nurses’ knowledge regarding to store insulin and perform a physical assessment to establish a baseline before beginning therapy. Also there are a highly association between level of education, and years of experience about insulin therapy for diabetic patients in the emergency department and their efficacy of nurses’ knowledge. Recommendations: Increasing the knowledge and awareness of nursing staff concerning insulin therapy for diabetic patients by improving training courses. Also establishing education programs to improve nurses' knowledge and awareness toward the newest issues related to insulin therapy in the emergency department.

Investigation of the prevalence of intestinal protozoa among health workers

This study was aimed to detection the prevalence of diseases were caused by intestinal protozoa in staff of Al-diwaniyah teaching hospital and maternity and child hospital, and to identify the relationship between the staffs personal hygiene and these diseases. A research was designed from October 2015- March 2016. one hundred twenty stool samples collected from the of health workers in Al- Diwaniyah teaching hospital, and maternity and child hospital under the rate of (20 samples) for each months of study months.The results were showed that infection with the Entamoeba histolytica was (36 cases) which represent (43.2%), the highest rate of infection was during October which has reached (10 cases) which represent (50%), while the number of infection with the Giardia lamblia was (16 cases) which represent (13.3 %), the highest rate of infection was during November which has reached (5 cases) which represented (25%). The detection has declared that not wearing gloves, washing hands and pasteurizing them after diagnosis of patient . The study concluded that the prevalence of intestinal protozoa infection that cause diarrhea that include Entamoeba histolutica and Giardia lamblia, and the infection association with the poor hygiene and also the high rate of infection was during the warm seasons.The study recommended that educating health workers commitment to the rules of public health and attention to personal hygiene, and wash hands and wear gloves when handling patients. Do periodically screened for transitional diseases, including inflammation of intestinal protozoa. And through a questionnaire to determine the medical history of diarrhea For Forty people working in the hospital, The questionnaire showed there were ifection Intestinal parasites in the six months prior to the study. The proportion of amoeba cases was 12 cases and repeated five times. The number of cases withe Giardia was 4 cases and the infection was repeated to one person only. Some of them had bacterial infections that were diagnosed in hospital laboratories But they

Fungal Infections (FI) Associated with Covid-19

The aim of this study was to conduct a survey of the fungal species associated with COVID-19 viral infection in 150 patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq, for a five-month period from October 2021 to February 2022. The results indicated the dominance of Candida spp. over the rest of the isolated fungal species, with 97 isolates (64.66%). Aspergillus spp., with 15 isolates (10%), came in second. Rhizopus sp. with 2 isolates (1.33%). Then with 1 isolate (0.66%) for each of Penicillium sp., Coccidiodes sp., and Rhodotorula sp., Also, results show that the male has a higher percentage than the female (54.9%) and co-infections with fungi were more common in the 60–69 age group then in the 70–79 age group (34% versus 24%, respectively). Taking a deeper look at the patients' medical histories, it was shown that fungal co-infection was more prevalent in those with chronic sickness than in those without chronic disease (55.66% versus 43.14%, respectively).

Histopathological Study on Patients with Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder in Al-Diwaniyah City/ Iraq

This study conducted on inpatients admitted to Al-Diwaniyah teaching hospital at period from January to June 2010 to recognize the histopathological changes of tumor cells of urinary bladder in comparison with normal cells. The histopathological examination of urinary tract infections (UTIs) showed normal thickness of urothelium, in addition, the submucosa and the muscular tissue were congested and oedematous. The present study showed that the transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder divided into three major grades: Grade І , Grade ІІ, Grade ІІІ. In this study, the immunehistochemical expression of cytokeratin 7 used to confirm the diagnosis of urinary bladder cancer. The results revealed a positive and negative reaction between tumor cells and cytokeratin7 antibody.

Serological and molecular identification of Toxoplasma gondii in breast cancer women in Al-Diwaniyah and Al-Najaf provinces, Iraq

The current study is conducted in Al-Diwaniyah and Al-Najaf provinces from the period of January - October 2020. The aim of study is determining the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in the sera of women with breast cancer by detecting specific antibodies of T. gondii using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and DNA of parasite using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The study included 110 blood samples divided into two groups; 60 samples from women with breast cancer who checked in Al-Diwaniyah teaching hospital (center of cancer disease and oncology), and from Middle Euphrates cancer center in Al Najaf province and control group (50 samples) were taken from women without breast cancer. The total number of positive samples to ELISA test were 38 samples (63.33%), 22 samples of them were positive forT. gondii IgG (36.6%) with a significant difference (P< 0.05) and 16 samples (26.6%) were positive forT. gondii IgM. In control group (Noncancerous women) the total number of positive samples to ALISA test were 19 samples (38%), 9 samples were positive for T. gondii IgG (18%) and 10 samples were positive forT.gondii IgM (20%). The study also included detection of T. gondii DNA in the positive samples for ELISA, The results of PCR Tanique was detection of T. gondii DNA in 20 samples out of 22 samples that were IgG positive (90.9%) and in 15samples out of 16 samples that were positive of T. gondii IgM by ELISA (93.7%).