Al-Ahsa Governorate Research Articles

Compliance with 24 h Movement Behavior Guidelines for Pregnant Women in Saudi Arabia: The Role of Trimester and Maternal Characteristics.

Complying with 24 h movement behavior guidelines for pregnant women may prevent pregnancy complications. This single time point, cross-sectional investigation assessed compliance with the 24 h movement behavior guidelines in pregnant women in Saudi Arabia and examined the role of trimester and maternal characteristics. Pregnant women (n = 935; age = 30 ± 5.6 years; first trimester = 24.1%, second trimester = 33.9%, third trimester = 42.0%) self-reported their characteristics (nationality, region, degree, occupation, smoking status, health status, having children, previous birth). The short-version International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire measured moderate physical activity (MPA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep duration, respectively. Compliance with the 24 h movement behavior guidelines was reported using frequencies and percentages. Prevalence ratios compared the prevalence of compliance by trimester and maternal characteristics. Approximately half of the participants did not comply with MPA or sleep duration guidelines (n = 524, [56.0%] and n = 424, [45.5%], respectively). In contrast, about two-thirds of participants (n = 648, [69.3%]) adhered to the SB guideline. Only 154 (16.5%) participants complied with all 3 24 h movement behavior guidelines. Pregnant women in their second trimester, living in Al-Ahsa Governorate, and currently smoking with a bachelor's degree were the most likely to comply with the guidelines. These findings underscore the need for tailored efforts to promote healthy 24 h movement behavior guidelines for pregnant women in Saudi Arabia, especially early in pregnancy, while accounting for important maternal characteristics.

Prevalence of Lifestyle Factors Among Primary Care Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction The importance of a healthy lifestyle has grown in significance on a global scale, as it offers a vital means of preventing and managing a range of related illnesses. Consequently, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is of paramount importance for the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases. The lifestyle behaviors of healthcare workers exert a significant influence on their attitudes and counseling methods, as they play a pivotal role in the promotion of health and the dissemination of lifestyle education to patients and the general population. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of lifestyle factors among primary care physicians in Al-Ahsa Governorate, including smoking, body mass index, nutrition, physical activity, and caffeine consumption. Methods The study was conducted between December 2023 and February 2024. A total of 233 primary care physicians in Al-Ahsa were selected through a probability multistage clustering sampling method. Data were collected via the distribution of a self-administered questionnaire to the primary care physicians and were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results A greater proportion of primary care physicians exhibited multiple unhealthy lifestyle factors (166/233, 71.2%). The most prevalent lifestyle factor was low physical activity (169/233, 73%), followed by poor nutrition (121/233, 52%), obesity (120/233, 51.51%), smoking (37/233, 15.88%), and caffeine consumption (22/233, 9%). The majority of primary care physicians with optimal health status are employed in primary healthcare (PHC) facilities situated in the eastern region followed by the southern region in Al-Ahsa Governorate. Conclusion The study findings revealed a prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle factors among the majority of primary care physicians in the Al-Ahsa Governorate. The most prevalent unhealthy lifestyle factor among the participants was low physical activity.

Assessing Public Awareness, Utilization and Satisfaction with Community Pharmacy Services.

The Saudi Community pharmacy sector has been changing towards patient-centred care rather than depending solely on dispensing medications. Accordingly, pharmacies can now provide many services that they previously could not offer. The aims of this study were to identify all pharmacy services provided in a community setting and to assess public awareness and utilization of and satisfaction with these services. This was a cross-sectional study in which the authors first purposively visited community pharmacies to identify the services offered. Pharmacists were asked about pharmacy services currently provided to community. Fieldnotes were used to document pharmacists' responses. After identifying pharmacy services, a questionnaire was desgined and reviewed by experts in the field, piloted and approved by the Ethics Committee at King Faisal University, then disseminated via Google Forms. The satisfaction level with pharmacy services was assessed using a five-point Likert scale. Data were collected from 24 January 2023 to 2 March 2023. Eighteen community pharmacies offering 17 different services were visited across Alahsa Governorate. The number of participants who completed the questionnaire was 350. Of those (232 [66.3%]) were female, and the majority of the sample (80.5%) were younger than 40 years old. The majority of the participants were unaware of pharmacy services. Out of 17 services, six received a score of 50% or higher regarding participant awareness. The most utilized services were the medication dispensing service "Wasfaty" (250 [71.4%]), medication counselling provided by pharmacists (232 [66.3%]) and minor ailment service (231 [66%]). The overall satisfaction score for pharmacy services was 87.2%. The majority of the participants were unaware of the full range of available pharmacy services. There is a potential for community pharmacists to fill the capacity gap in the healthcare system since, overall, the participants rated the pharmacies' clinical services as satisfactory. Commissioners of pharmacy services may consider extending the scope of community pharmacies to include services that best utilize the expertise of clinical pharmacists.

The degree of implementing STEM practices among mathematics teachers at the middle school level from the teachers’ and educational supervisors’ perspectives

The current quantitative study aims to examine the degree of implementation of STEM practices among middle school mathematics teachers from the teachers’ and educational supervisors’ perspectives. The study also seeks to identify the statistical significance between the responses of teachers and supervisors regarding the degree of implementing STEM practices. STEM is an acronym for the integrative approach among science, technology, engineering and mathematics. The study used a questionnaire that was built based on a four-level Likert scale as a tool for collecting data using the descriptive survey method. Sixty-four middle school mathematics teachers and seven educational supervisors of mathematics participated in the study that took place in Al-Ahsa Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Findings revealed that the participating teachers implemented STEM practices moderately in their classrooms in the main three domains which are lesson evaluation, lesson implementation and lesson planning, respectively. In addition, there are statistically significant differences between the participating teachers and supervisors regarding the degree of implementing the STEM practices in favor of the teachers. The study recommends dedicating sufficient funds for STEM education, creating creative STEM websites and labs and obtaining access to STEM resources and materials. It is concluded that there is a great need for preparing mathematics teachers to apply STEM practices in their classrooms.

Role of Primary School in Promoting Media Education and English Language Skills for Students

The study aimed to identify the reality of the primary school’s role in promoting media education and thus imparting English language skills to students in Al-Ahsa Governorate, and to reveal whether there are statistically significant differences between the responses of the study sample regarding the reality of the school’s role according to type of work and years of experience. A mixed approach (quantitative and qualitative) was used. A questionnaire was applied to a stratified random sample of female school leaders (102) and teachers (619). Personal interviews were also conducted with 21 primary school teachers in Al-Ahsa Governorate. The most important results revealed that the reality of the role of primary schools in enhancing media literacy skills among primary school students was to a high degree, and that the role of primary school in enhancing media literacy skills in the emotional aspect came in first place, followed by enhancing the cognitive aspect, while enhancing the behavioral aspect in Third place. There were also differences between the averages of the study sample’s responses at the level of (0.01) according to the type of work for female school leaders. The media education at primary school has a role in providing female students with listening and speaking skills in English, and that listening to short sentences was ranked first among English listening skills, while speaking single words was ranked first among English speaking skills for female primary school students.

Differences in the Creative Thinking of Primary School Female Teachers in Al-Ahsa Governorate in Light of the Variables of Experience and Specialization

This study aims to reveal the creative thinking of primary school teachers in Al-Ahsa Governorate, in addition to identifying differences in light of the variables of experience and major. The descriptive approach was followed in this study. The study was applied to a sample of (340) female teachers. The creative thinking scale adapted by researcher Hawzam Salman (2021) was used. The results of the study concluded that primary school teachers in Al-Ahsa Governorate have a high degree of creative thinking. In addition, the results showed that there were no differences in light of the variables of experience and major.

The Impact of Using the Noorani Qaida on Developing Young Children’s Language Skills at Kindergartens in Al-Ahsa Governorate from the Noorani Qaida Teachers’ Perspective

The study aims to investigate the impact of using the Noorani Qaida on developing language skills in young children attending kindergartens in Al-Ahsa Governorate from the perspective of Noorani Qaida teachers. To achieve the study's objective, a mixed-method approach was used to diversify data collection methods, including surveys and interviews. The sequential explanatory design was chosen as a type of mixed-methods research. In the first stage, quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire distributed to all the Noorani Qaida teachers in Al-Ahsa Governorate, totaling 30 teachers. In the second stage, qualitative data were collected through interviews with nine teachers to help interpret the quantitative results. The study results indicated that the impact of using the Noorani Qaida on developing language skills in young children attending kindergartens in Al-Ahsa Governorate from the perspective of Noorani Qaida teachers was significant with an average score of 4.07. The impact was highest on listening skills, with an average score of 4.41, followed by reading skills, with an average score of 4.01, both in the high range. Speaking skills ranked third with an average score of 3.99 in the high range. Writing skills ranked lowest with an average score of 3.86, still in the high range. The study recommended implementing the Noorani Qaida in kindergartens.

The Effectiveness of a Training Program Based on the Universal Design for Learning in Improving the Teaching Competencies of Teachers of Students with Learning Difficulties in Al-Ahsa Governorate

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على فاعلية برنامج تدريبي قائم على مبادئ التصميم الشامل للتعلم في تَحسِينُ الكِفَاياتِ التَّدريسيَّةِ لدَى معلماتِ الطالباتِ ذَوَاتِ صُعُوباتِ التَّعلُّمِ. ولقد تمثلت عينة الدراسة على (30) معلمة صعوبات التعلم في المدارس الحكومية في محافظة الأحساء. وتتبع هذه الدراسة المنهج شبه التجريبي ذو تصميم المجموعة الواحدة، وللإجابة عن أسئلة الدراسة، قام الباحثان ببناء مقياس الكفايات التدريسية لمبادئ التصميم الشامل للتعلم والذي تكون من (40) فقرة. كما تم تصميم البرنامج التدريبي القائم على مبادئ التصميم الشامل للتعلم، حيث طبقت أدوات الدراسة على العينة المشاركة. وأسفرت النتائج باستخدام اختبار (ت) لعينتين مترابطتين وجود فرق ذي دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.01) بين متوسط درجات معلمات الطالبات ذوات صعوبات التعلم في التطبيقين؛ القبلي بمتوسط (86.50) وبين متوسط درجاتهن في التطبيق البعدي بمتوسط (96.40) لصالح التطبيق البعدي. كما أظهرت النتائج باستخدام اختبار (ت) لعينتين مترابطتين عدم وجود فرق ذي دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.01) بين متوسط درجات معلمات الطالبات ذوات صعوبات التعلم في التطبيق البعدي وبين متوسط درجاتهن في التطبيق التتبعي بمتوسط (88.47)؛ مما يبين ثبات أثر البرنامج. بناء على النتائج أوصت الباحثة بتضمین مبادئ التصميم الشامل للتعلم من ضمن المناهج التدريسية وبرامج إعداد المعلم داخل كليات التربية بجميع الأقسام سواء للتربية الخاصة أو التعليم العام، وتهيئة البيئة التعليمية التي تدعم تطبيق معلمات الطالبات ذوات صعوبات التعلم لمبادئ التصميم الشامل للتعلم في التدريس، والعمل على توفير التقنيات الحديثة وتحسين جودة وسرعة الإنترنت في المدارس الحكومية.

Public Acceptance of Treated Wastewater Reuse in the Agricultural Sector in Saudi Arabia

This paper examines public acceptance of reusing tertiary treated wastewater for agricultural purposes in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through an online self-administered questionnaire from adults in the Al-Ahsa Governorate. A total of 344 eligible participants completed the survey. The results show that 77% of the participants supported the reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture. Most participants supported reusing treated wastewater because they trusted the authorities responsible for wastewater treatment and because it will augment water resources in Al-Ahsa. Participants who did not support reusing treated wastewater attributed their lack of support to health risks associated with reusing treated wastewater and for psychological reasons. Additional analysis for eight different agricultural applications showed that most participants supported the reuse of treated wastewater in applications with no direct connection to them (e.g., irrigation of public parks, green spaces, and woody trees and irrigation of animal feed crops). However, less than half of the participants supported the reuse of treated wastewater for other applications, especially for the irrigation of leafy green, raw, and cooked vegetables. Therefore, raising public awareness about the safety of reusing tertiary treated wastewater in agriculture should be a priority for authorities responsible for water management in Saudi Arabia.

Fostering volunteerism among students with learning disabilities: The role of primary schools and challenges

The significance of the study lies in its focus on promoting volunteerism among Students with Learning Disabilities (SLD). The study aimed to provide recommendations that help overcome the challenges faced by primary school role in promoting volunteering among SLD. The study used a mixed-method approach. Personal interviews were conducted with 20 parents of SLD, and a questionnaire was administered to 98 teachers of Learning Disabilities in primary schools in Al-Ahsa Governorate, Saudi Arabia. The study results are that the teacher's role held the highest importance in fostering volunteering among SLD in primary school, followed by the school administration role, and subsequently, the school curriculum, according to parents' Perceptions. There are significant challenges facing the role of elementary schools in promoting volunteer work among SLD, with the most important of these being personal, organizational, and then academic challenges, according to teachers' perspectives. The study does not identify significant differences in these challenges based on the teachers' perspectives, considering gender and years of experience.

Effectiveness of Virtual Tours to Archaeological Sites in Al-Ahsa in Developing Historical Concepts among Kindergarten Children

The study aimed to reveal the effectiveness of virtual tours to the archaeological sites in Al-Ahsa in developing historical concepts among kindergarten children and to identify the differences between boys and girls in acquiring historical concepts. To achieve these objectives, a quasi-experimental approach based on one group design was used. The sample of the study consisted of (30) boys and girls between the ages of (5-6) years in the third level in the kindergarten attached to the third elementary school for early childhood in Hofuf in Al-Ahsa Governorate. The pictured historical concepts test was applied after calculating the coefficients of validity and reliability. The virtual tours to the archaeological sites in Al-Ahsa included "Al-Qarah Mountain, Suq Al-Qaysariyya, Ibrahim Palace, Jawatha Mosque, Al-Amiriya School, Al-Bay’ah House, Al-Uqair Port, and Al-Asfaar Lake". The results showed statistically significant differences at (0.05) between the means of the scores of the experimental group in the pre-and post-applications in the pictured test of historical concepts in favor of the post-application. Also, there was an effect size of virtual tours to archaeological sites on the development of historical concepts among kindergarten children. In addition, the results showed no statistically significant differences at (0.05) between the means of the scores of boys and girls in the historical concepts test pictured in the post application. The study recommended the inclusion of virtual tours and historical concepts in the self-learning curriculum for kindergarten.

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Poor Sleep Quality Among Visitors of Primary Healthcare Centers in Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Poor sleep quality can predict poor health and is associated with mortality risk. Many factors are associated with sleep qualitysuch as gender, health, education, socioeconomic status, and stress. The objective of this study was toestimate the magnitude of poor sleep quality among visitors of Primary Healthcare Centers (PHCCs) in Al-Ahsa and toidentify factors associated with poor sleep quality. Methods This is an analytical cross-sectional study. A multistage cluster sampling technique was used to recruit 461 visitors to PHCCs in Al-Ahsa Governorate in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. A structured questionnaire was administered through face-to-face interviews. The questionnaire includes demographics, a validated Arabic version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Arabic version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), the Arabic version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2), the Arabic version of Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), and a translated Mobile Related Sleep Risk Factors (MRSRF). Univariate analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous data, the chi-square test (χ²) or Fishers's exact test (as appropriate) for categorical data, and logistic regression for multivariable analysis. A P-value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered significant. Results The study included 433 participants, with 72.5% of them being poor sleepers (PSQI global score of over 5). The highest percentage of poor sleepers was found among those aged 18 - 28 years (81.7%), with no significant difference between genders (p = 0.676). The study's multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that poor sleep is associated with smoking four hours before bedtime (OR = 2.9, CI = 1.2 - 6.7), consuming caffeine (drinks or pills) three hours before sleep (OR = 2.3, CI = 1.23 - 4.12) or immediately before bedtime (OR = 3.2, CI = 1.02 - 9.9), using mobile phones right before bedtime (OR = 2.6, CI = 1.5 - 4.5), having anxiety (OR = 5.8, CI = 1.3 - 26.2), and depression symptoms (OR = 6.5, CI = 2.9 - 14.5), among other risk factors. Conclusion The prevalence of poor sleep quality in our sample was notably high at 72.5%. Many factors are strongly associated with poor sleep qualityincluding experiencing symptoms of anxiety and depression. Longitudinal studies are needed to explore this crucial health issue further. Healthcare providers in Al-Ahsa should pay particular attention while assessing patients who suffer from sleep disturbance by screening them for depression and anxiety and raising public awareness of the importance of good quality sleep and the factors that affect it.

Recycled Waste Materials in Landscape Design for Sustainable Development (Al-Ahsa as a Model)

When we think about sustainability, the most common understanding relates to the environment, economy, and social issues. Environmental art is increasingly becoming a medium to address environmental challenges that offer many opportunities when included in the work of sustainable development. The research methodology explores the relevance of art and design projects using recycled or waste materials in landscape park architecture for sustainability, helping to preserve natural resources and protect the environment. Additionally, designing a landscape park in Al-Ahsa Governorate using recycled waste materials will educate society about sustainability via artistic creativity. The applied side, designing a group of artworks, was completed using computer graphic programs and AI systems to improve the visual landscape’s architectural aesthetics through sculpture parks, public sets, etc. The result provides evidence that parks in Al-Ahsa lack artwork, color, and the application of recycled materials in landscape facilities which make a negative contribution to the quality of life of society. Using recycled and waste materials in artwork will contribute to a healthy ecological system and preserve natural resources. Urban landscape designers should consider the addition of parks, land formation, growing plants, artwork, and cheerfully colored furniture with other landscape architecture facilities, which will improve people’s moods and the appearance of cities.

A strategic approach to sustainable agricultural tourism “case study of Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia”

PurposeThe percentage of tourism revenues from the national income decreased during the period (2000: 2020) which necessitates diversification in tourism activity and tourism revenues through agricultural tourism as one of the types of tourism activities. On other hand, Al-Ahsa governorate is the largest governorate in Saudi Arabia, covering an area of about 2,500 square kilometers. Moreover, it includes an oasis that is the largest irrigated agricultural oases in the world. It is distinguished by its strategic geographical location, in addition to being one of the most famous palm oasis in the world. Although Al-Ahsa governorate has many ingredients for agricultural tourism; the number of farms approved in the Aryaf program reached about 101 farms at the level of Al-Ahsa with a rate that not exceed about 0.5% of farms in 2018 of the total farms. That means it still Agricultural tourism has not received sufficient attention from investors and farm owners.Design/methodology/approachThe study targeted planning for agricultural tourism activities in Al-Ahsa Governorate using a long-term sustainable approach to achieve sustainable development and diversification of sources income in agriculture sector. The study depended on the sample size was determined from Al-Ahsa farms in light of the fact that the number of farm owners in Al-Ahsa. In addition the study relied on the use of descriptive and quantitative statistical analysis through the use of percentages, chi-square test and Likert's triple test.FindingsThe results of the study strategic plans of farms in Al-Ahsa points to the importance of enhancing agricultural tourism services in Al-Ahsa, including health, environmental, recreational and food services, which may have an impact on increasing the economic return of farms in a better way in order to gain competitive advantage by focusing on developing the farms themselves in line with the Aryaf program of the Ministry of Tourism in the Kingdom to ensure safe and sustainable growth of revenues Economic.Originality/valueThis study is concerned with Agricultural Tourism. The study is helpful in policy formation to target sustainable development and diversification of sources income in Saudi Arabia. The authors whose names are listed immediately below certify that they have NO affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers' bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

Attitudes of University youth Towards the Value of Dialogue and Acceptance of others who are Intellectually Tribally, and Sectarian Different. A study applied to a sample of students from the College of Humanities and Social Sciences at King Saud University and the College of Arts at King Faisal University in Al-Ahsa Governorate

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على اتجاهات الشباب الجامعي نحو قيم الحوار وقبول الفرد المختلف في الطائفة والقبيلة والاتجاه الفكري، من خلال التعرف على مواقفهم تجاه قيم الحوار وقبول الآخر المختلف. اتبعت هذه الدراسة أسلوب المسح الاجتماعي عن طريق العينة، كما تم استخدام أداة الاستبانة في جمع البيانات. طُبقت الدراسة على عينة بعدد 736 طالبًا وطالبة. أظهرت النتائج اتجاهات إيجابية في عينة الدراسة نحو قيم قبول والحوار مع الآخر الذي يختلف طائفيًا وقبليًا وفكريًا، حيث يتفق غالبية أفراد عينة الدراسة على قيمة قبول الآخر، ثم قيمة الحوار. كما توصلت الدراسة الى نتائج تفيد بأن التعصب والتمييز العنصري، والمشادات الكلامية عبر وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي، وضعف الالتزام بقيم الإسلام من أهم المعوقات التي يمكن أن تحد من تعزيز قيم الحوار وقبول الآخر المختلف.

The degree of application of the gamification strategy and the obstacles to its application from the point of view of early childhood teachers in the Al-Ahsa city

The study aimed to show the extent of application of the gamification strategy and the obstacles to it from the point of view of the early childhood stage teachers in Al-Ahsa Governorate according to the variables (years of experience, educational stage, training courses). The study uses the mixed approach to collect quantitative data by means of interview and a questionnaire consisting of (45) items distributed on the five principles of the gamification strategies to collect the qualitative data. The results of the study showed that the degree of application of the gamification strategy in the study sample was very high. Also, there were no differences due to the variable of the educational stage, and there were statistically significant differences attributed to the variable of the training courses and in favor of the female teachers who enrolled in the training courses. That the most prominent obstacles to the use of gamification strategy is the lack of an Internet network that enables female teachers to use technologies in the educational process.

The Role of Teachers and Coordinators of Gifted Students’ in Developing their Students’ Leadership Abilities in High Schools

This study seeks to explore the reality of the role of teachers and coordinators of gifted students in developing their leadership abilities in Al-Ahsa high schools from the perspective of teachers, coordinators, and students. The descriptive analytical method was used whereby two questionnaires were distributed to a random sample of 78 high school gifted students and 53 teachers and coordinators at Al-Ahsa governorate during the academic year 2020-2021. Statistical means, standard deviations, and an independent t-test were used for the analysis of the data. Findings show that the role of teachers and coordinators in developing gifted students’ leadership abilities was at a high level from the teachers' and coordinators’ perspectives. From students’ perspective, it was high as well, however, with a lower average compared to that of teachers. There were statistically significant differences due to the gender variable in favour of male participants in the dimensions of technical and competitive leadership abilities. However, there were no statistically significant differences attributed to gender variables in human leadership and conceptual leadership abilities dimensions, nor in terms of the job title variable. Considering these findings, it is recommended the role of teachers and coordinators of gifted students is strengthened through specialized leadership training, and by giving more attention to the development of leadership abilities among females.

اتجاهات جمهور محافظة الأحساء نحو محتوى الإعلام السياحي لمونديال قطر2022

This study aimed to know the attitudes of Al-Ahsa fans towards the tourism media campaigns for the World Cup Qatar 2022. It explores their attitudes towards the media content and explores the extent of their satisfaction with these campaigns. The study sample consisted of (385) people. The study followed the descriptive survey method, and an electronic questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting the data. The study found that the vast majority of the fans from Al-Ahsa Governorate believed that the media campaigns held during the Qatar World Cup 2022 highlighted the tourist attractions in Al-Ahsa Governorate in a professional manner, and the campaign organizers succeeded in choosing the appropriate time to broadcast these campaigns to the public and attract them to Al-Ahsa Governorate. The majority also reported that the Social Media Platforms and traditional media tools were rich with these campaigns that highlighted the Al-Ahsa and its cultural and historical landmarks, and contributed to the revitalization of the economy of Al-Ahsa Governorate.

اعتماد المرأة السعودية على منصة تويتر في تنمية الوعي الصحي لديها: دراسة مسحية عن محافظة الأحساء بالمملكة العربية السعودية

The study aimed to find out the extent to which Saudi women depend on the Twitter platform in developing their health awareness and to stand up to Saudi women's evaluation of the role of the Twitter platform in developing their health awareness. The population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is women in Al-Ahsa Governorate who are exposed to health contents via the Twitter platform, with a size of 200 items, relying on the questionnaire as a tool for this study. Cognitively as a result of her reliance on the Twitter platform in the field of health awareness, more than emotional and behavioral vulnerability, and there is a strong direct relationship between the rate of Saudi women’s reliance on the Twitter platform in health awareness and the level of benefit achieved from this reliance.

Perceived Stress and Internalized Stigma among Patients with Mental Disorders in Al Ahsa Governorate – Saudi Arabia

BackgroundWHO reported that mental disorders is rising all over the world and its burden is significantly impact the individuals’ health, even the social and economic status of countries. Mental illness continues to be stigmatized in Arab countries because people in these countries hold negative attitudes toward mental illnesses. Stigma stress is one of the most stressful factors facing patients with mental illness and their families. Perceived stigma by patients with mental illness is associated with different consequences such as feeling of shame, being non-compliant to medications, being socially withdrawn. This study aims to assess perceived stress and internalized stigma among patients with mental disorders in Al-Ahsa governorate – Saudi Arabia. The total number of the subject was 125 patients with mental disorders. The study revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between patients’ perceived stress and their feelings of internalized stigma. Understanding how stigma develops and how it interacts with other psychological processes is very important so, it is recommended to develop interventions to reduce internalized stigma to improve the well-being of patients with mental disorders.