Airlangga University Surabaya Research Articles

The Analysis of Writing Format and Abstract Structure of Dissertation Written by Ph.D Students of State Universities, Surabaya

As one of the most important part in one research, an abstract should be written as well as possible to make the readers be capable of comprehending and assessing whether its quality is good or not. Based on Koopman (1997: 1) and Owen D Williamson (2007: 3) that one of the criteria of good abstract is that it should have the complete abstract structure, that is Introduction, Objective or Aim, Methodology, Findings/Results and Conclusion written within 5 (five) paragraphs. In fact, not all abstract written by Ph.D students have those 5 (five) aspects and format. Referring to the problem stated above, this research is aimed at finding and describing some variations of writing format and abstract structure written by Ph.D students of State Universities in Surabaya. Meanwhile, the methodology employed in this research was descriptive qualitative. The data were taken from 15 dissertation abstracts written by Ph.D Students: 8 abstracts taken from the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning/FTSP-ITS and the 7 others were from Medical Science of Airlangga University Surabaya. The data collected were the writing format dealing with the number of paragraphs of each abstract and its abstract structure. Furthermore, having been analyzed and discussed, among those 15 abstract texts, it was found that the writing format and its variations of abstract structure of dissertation was: [a] in accordance with the number of paragraphs: 6 texts (40%) written in 3 paragraphs, 4 texts (26,66%) written in 5 paragraphs, 3 abstracts (20%) written in 4 paragraphs, 2 texts (13,33%) written in 1 paragraph; [b] Meanwhile in accordance with the number of abstract structures: most of the abstracts: 9 abstract texts (60%) were not completed with ‘conclusion‘, 5 texts (33,33%) with no ‘objective‘, only 4 texts (26,66%) were completed with 5 abstract structure, 4 texts (26,66%) were not supported with the 2 abstract structure: ‘objective and conclusion‘ and 1 text (6,66%) did not have an ‘introduction‘. Finally, it was found that there were several variations dealing with the writing format of dissertation abstracts both in line with the number of paragraphs and and its abstract stucture. You should leave 8 mm of space above the abstract and 10 mm after the abstract. The heading Abstract should be typed in bold 9-point Arial. The body of the abstract should be typed in normal 9-point Times in a single paragraph, immediately following the heading. The text should be set to 1 line spacing. The abstract should be centred across the page, indented 17 mm from the left and right page margins and justified. It should not normally exceed 200 words.

Exploring Variations in Abstract Writing Formats and Structures Among Ph.D. Students

Background: 
 The introduction, a crucial component of any research paper, must be well-written so that readers can evaluate its quality. A typical five-paragraph abstract includes an introduction, objective or purpose, methodology, findings/results, and conclusion. However, not all Ph.D. candidates follow this structure and format when writing their abstracts.
 Methodology: 
 The purpose of this study was to identify and describe variations in abstract writing formats and structures among Surabaya state university Ph.D. candidates. Using a qualitative descriptive methodology, the researchers analyzed 15 dissertation abstracts: eight from the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning at FTSP-ITS and seven from the Medical Science department at Airlangga University Surabaya. They examined the number of paragraphs and the structure of the abstract in each.
 Findings: 
 The study indicated various abstract structures and writing formats: 40% of the abstracts had three paragraphs, 26.66% had five paragraphs, 20% had four paragraphs, and 13.33% had one paragraph. In terms of abstract structure, 60% lacked a conclusion, 33.33% lacked an objective, 26.66% lacked all five abstract structures, 26.66% lacked both the objective and the conclusion, and 6.66% lacked an introduction.
 Conclusion: 
 In conclusion, the study found several variations in dissertation abstract writing formats regarding both paragraph count and abstract structure.
 Originality: 
 The novelty of this study rests in its focus on analyzing variations in abstract writing formats and structures among Surabaya state university Ph.D. candidates. By examining 15 dissertation abstracts from various faculties, this study sheds light on the inconsistencies and deviations from the standard format and structure of abstracts, which may impact readers' ability to comprehend and evaluate research papers. This study contributes to a better understanding of how Ph.D. students' abstract writing practices vary and identifies potential enhancement areas.

Islamic Corporate Governance in Social Fund Management Center (PUSPAS): Modernization of Waqf Social Fund Management

Nowadays, problems of social organization include; weaknesses of management and professionalism, operational cost is low, some people consider it is not a good job, and many more. The gap between expectations and the reality of fund management in social organization requires innovative breakthroughs in the governance system with the implementation of Sharia values in it. In this case, the existence of the Social Fund Management Center (PUSPAS) Airlangga University is needed to maintain the pillars of the economy. This research make an analysis of the practice of Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) at the Social Fund Management Center (PUSPAS) Airlangga University Surabaya. This research used quasi-qualitative methods. This method became part of post-positivism. Result of this research practice of Islamic Corporate Governance in Ailangga University Surabaya had been used tawhid, syura’, ‘adalah, ihtisab, and universality. For futher research, research can investigate in other public or private facility such as ministry office or corporate.

Distribution of dense bone island in the jaw based on the classification of radiopaque areas and their location on panoramic radiographs

Objectives: This study is aimed to find out the distribution of DBI in the jaw based on the classification of radiopaque areas and their location using panoramic radiographs at RSKGMP Universitas Airlangga Surabaya.
 Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive observational study with total sampling method. The study used secondary data from panoramic radiographs at the RSKGMP Airlangga University Surabaya during 2018–2021, which had a DBI appearance, and analyzed them based on the classification of radiopaque areas and locations. The results of the analysis are then presented in the form of tables and pie charts.
 Results: Classification of DBI based on radiopaque areas was found in type 5 separate (47.81%), type 4 apical (29.82%), type 3 apical and interradicular (17.54%), type 1 interradicular (3.07%), and the least in type 2 interradicular and separate (1.75%). The most common locations of the lesions were in the premolar region (42.54%), the molar region (27.63%), the canine region (12.28%), the canine-premolar region (8.33%), the premolar-molar region (6.58%), and the least common location in the incisor and incisor-canine regions (1,32%).
 Conclusion: Classification of DBI based on the most common radiopaque area was found to be type 5 separate, with the most lesion locations in the premolar region. While the least classification was found in type 2 interradicular and separate, the incisive and incisive-canine regions had the fewest lesion locations.

Pengaruh Motivasi, Pemahaman, Sikap, Norma Subjektif, Kontrol Perilaku Persepsian Terhadap Niat Mahasiswa Akuntansi Untuk Mengikuti Sertifikasi Akuntan Profesional Chartered Accountant (CA)

The Influence of Motivation, Understanding, Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Behavioral Control on the Intention of Accounting Students to Take Chartered Accountant (CA) Professional Accountant Certification. A person is considered a professional as evidenced by a professional certification. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of motivation, understanding, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control on the intention of accounting students to take the Chartered Accountant (CA) professional accountant certification. This study uses quantitative methods with an explanatory research approach. The population used were undergraduate accounting students at University of Muhammadiyah Surabaya, STIESIA Surabaya, Airlangga University Surabaya, and the National Development University "Veteran" East Java Surabaya. The sampling technique used is the Purposive Sampling technique with a total of 98 students. Data was collected using a questionnaire which was measured using a Likert scale. Test The research instrument used is validity test and reliability test, classical assumption test used is normality test, multi collinearity test, and heteroscedasticity test. The hypothesis test used is multiple linear analysis test and t test. The results in this study indicate that motivation and subjective norms have a positive and significant effect on the intentions of accounting students, while attitudes and perceived behavioral control have a positive and insignificant effect on the intentions of accounting students, and understanding has a negative and insignificant effect on the intentions of accounting students to take accountant certification. professional Chartered Accountant (CA).

STUDI ALTERNATIF PERENCANAAN PONDASI TIANG BOR FAKULTAS FARMASI UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SURABAYA

The faculty of pharmacy project of Airlangga University Surabaya is a lecture building project. The pharmacy faculty building was built with under construction planning using a pile foundation. Due to its proximity to other faculties, plannin g of the bored pile foundation can be an alternative because it does not cause noise and vibration. The calculation of loading the upper structure refers to PPIUG 1983 and is calculated using the 2016 RSAP software. Loads that work at the foot of the column are used as the basis for planning the carrying capacity of a single pole and carrying capacity of a group of poles for one portal being reviewed. The method of implementing the work is based on location of the building and using heavy equipment. Meanwhile the foundation cost budget uses the HSPK 2018 Surabaya. Calculation of bored pile foundation with a pole length of 18 m and a cross section of 50 cm obtained a carrying capacity of a single pole of 589,457,684 kg, carrying capacity of the group in the middle column of 1,886,264,589 kg, a decrease in the total foundation of 0,445 mm with a total number of poles of 4 poles. In the edge column, the carrying capacity of the pile group is 1,356,342,131 kg, decreasing the total foundation of 0,228 mm with a total of 3 poles. The method of implementing the bored pile foundation uses the casing method with a bore pile machine. The total budget for the cost of the bored pile foundation is Rp. 8.800.100.653

Study of Pb Heavy Metal Pollution Level on Tannin Content of Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) in Bluto and Talango Sea Waters, Sumenep, East Java

Euchema cottoni or Kappaphycus alvarezii is one type of seaweeds that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. Water pollution caused by the accumulation of Pb heavy metals will affect the seaweed to grow and develop. This study is aimed to determine the tannin levels in K. alvarezii and the relationship of Pb heavy metal pollution level with tannin levels in K. alvarezii in different waters. This study used an observational experiment, and samples were taken from two different locations with 4 stations in each. From each sample in both locations, K. alvarezii was taken and was then measured for the tannin levels, water quality, and heavy metals (Pb) in water and in K. alvarezii. The results were analyzed at the Laboratory of PT. Sucofindo and the Laboratory of Testing Service Unit, Airlangga University Surabaya. The data were analyzed using a statistical test in the form of a t-test to determine the differences in samples in both waters, and a C-square test was used to determine the relationship between PB and tannin levels in K. alvarezii. The results showed that the level of Pb heavy metal pollution in the two waters did not show a significant difference due to water quality which was quite similar in both locations. Moreover, the tannin content in K. alvarezii in Bluto waters (0.053±0.004%) was higher than that in Talango waters (0.020±0.009%). Meanwhile, a t-test showed a significant difference in seaweed tannins in both waters. The relationship between Pb heavy metal pollution and tannins of seaweed in Bluto and Talango waters was that they did not affect each other, and tannin concentration was more influenced by chemical oxygen demand (COD), salinity of both waters, and the cultivation methods used.

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) rind extract against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

Introduction: The main contents of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) is xanthone with antibacterial activity. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) was a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacillus that causes periodontal diseases such as localised aggressive periodontitis (LAP). Mangosteen rind extract could inhibit the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. This study was aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of mangosteen rind extract against A. actinomycetemcomitans. Methods: This study was an experimental and in-vitro study of antimicrobial properties of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.).The extract of mangosteen was made by the maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. A. actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 43718) obtained from Laboratorium of Microbiology Airlangga University Surabaya. This study used a microdilution method and analysed using the Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA). The determination of the MIC was measured using the formula for cell inhibition percentage. Three concentrations higher than the MIC standard were cultured on the Mueller Hinton agar. The lowest concentration on agar which was not found any growth of the bacterial colonies was determined as the MBC. Results: The results of this study indicated that the MIC and MBC of mangosteen rind extract against A. actinomycetemcomitans were 195.3 ppm and 1562.5 ppm, respectively. Conclusion: Mangosteen rind extract can inhibit and bactericide the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans.

Influence of Leadership Style, Career Development, and Work Satisfaction on Employee Performance In Tropical Disease Institutions of Airlangga University Surabaya

This study aims to determine and analyze the Leadership Style, Career Development, and Job Satisfaction simultaneously and significantly to Employee Performance. This research is qualitative research. The population and sample based on the distribution of questionnaires to employees of the Surabaya Tropical Disease Institute were taken as many as 59 respondents. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and questionnaires. Analysis of the data used is the reliability test, validity test, classic assumption test, and multiple linear analysis test. The results of the study simultaneously and partially Leadership Style, Career Development, and Job Satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The F test result is 16.703 greater than the 2.00 table simultaneously. Partially the Leadership Style obtained a significant value of 0,000 (less than 0.05) significant effect on employee performance, Career Development obtained a significant value of 0.025 (less than 0.05) significant effect on employee performance, and Job Satisfaction obtained significant value of 0.049 (less than 0.05) has a significant effect on employee performance.

Influence of Leadership Style, Career Development, and Work Satisfaction on Employee Performance In Tropical Disease Institutions of Airlangga University Surabaya

This study aims to determine and analyze the Leadership Style, Career Development, and Job Satisfaction simultaneously and significantly to Employee Performance. This research is qualitative research. The population and sample based on the distribution of questionnaires to employees of the Surabaya Tropical Disease Institute were taken as many as 59 respondents. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and questionnaires. Analysis of the data used is the reliability test, validity test, classic assumption test, and multiple linear analysis test. The results of the study simultaneously and partially Leadership Style, Career Development, and Job Satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The F test result is 16.703 greater than the 2.00 table simultaneously. Partially the Leadership Style obtained a significant value of 0,000 (less than 0.05) significant effect on employee performance, Career Development obtained a significant value of 0.025 (less than 0.05) significant effect on employee performance, and Job Satisfaction obtained significant value of 0.049 (less than 0.05) has a significant effect on employee performance.

Kepribadian Big Five terhadap Impulsive Buying Behavior pada Mahasiswi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis

College students are individuals who enter the transition from adolescence to adulthood. In this period, they have more opportunities to explore various values and lifestyles. Individuals are looking for experiences that will eventually form personalities. Personality can influence individuals who make risky decisions. Decision-making immediately without prior consideration can make them behave impulsively without thinking about the effect. This study aims to determine the effect of big five personalities on impulsive buying behavior on students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, Surabaya. This study uses a quantitative approach, the collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Based on the analysis results obtained three conclusions, 1) Most of the students of economics and business at Airlangga University Surabaya have big five personalities that tend to be dominant; 2) Most of the economics and business students of Airlangga University Surabaya have low impulsive buying behavior; 3) Big five personality influences impulsive buying behavior in economics and business students of Airlangga University Surabaya, conscientiousness has a greater influence than extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness to experience.

Activity test of anti-stress from extract of Datura metel seeds with ethanol solvent towards blood glucose levels and survival rate of Osphronemus gouramy seed in closed system transportation

The purpose of this research was to know the appropriation of extract from Datura metel L. seeds as anti-stress with ethanol solvent can give effect towards blood glucose levels and survival rate of Osphronemus Gouramy seed in closed system transportation, to know optimal doses of extract from Datura metel L. seeds as antistress with ethanol solvent can maintain normal blood glucose levels and yield the best survival rate of Osphronemus gouramy seed. This research was carried in September 2016 in Education Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Airlangga University Surabaya. This research used Completely Randomized Design with five treatments (negative control without extract, positive control with chloralhydrate, Datura metel L. seeds extract 0.5 g/L, 1,5 g/L dan 4.5 g/L) and four replications. Statistical analysis used the Analysis of Variant (ANOVA) to determine the effect of treatment and continued with Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that the appropriation of extract from Datura metel L. seeds give effect towards blood glucose levels and survival rate on Osphronemus Gouramy seed. Doses 0.5 g/L was the optimal dose as antistress of Osphronemus Gouramy seed during closed system transportation.

KESEJAHTERAAN DAN EMOSI KARYAWAN DI TEMPAT KERJA

Levels of wellbeing, financial factors, emotional and psychological factors need to be addressed to individuals in the workplace. Individual well-being is met is expected to occur individual satisfaction in the workplace. Individual satisfaction, groups in the workplace have an impact on emotions. This study aims to examine the role of welfare in individual emotions. The method used in this research is observation, interview and secondary data. The sample in this research is cleaning service of Faculty of Psychology Airlangga University Surabaya, random sampling method. The result of this study is that employees have good emotions and well-being when they are at work. The most important factor why they can enjoy the job is the existence of a conducive, comfortable, and familial work environment. In this research, the conducive working environment factor is quite dominant. In addition, the relatively small working pressures and awareness of the difficulty of finding employment are also factors why these employees decide to survive.

THE EFFECT OF PERCEIVED VALUE ON SERVICE SATISFACTION IN BRAND IMAGE MEDIATION (Case Study toward Accounting Student, Faculty of Economics, State University in East Java)

<p>This study aims to examine, test, and examine the effect of Perceived Value on Service Satisfaction. Testing the role of Brand Image as a variable mediation influence Perceived Value on Service Satisfaction. The research was conducted in Accounting Department of Faculty of Economics, Surabaya State University, Airlangga University Surabaya, State Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Brawijaya University, and State University of Malang. The population of this study are all students of Accounting Department of Economics Faculty of State University in East Java as many as 5,366 students. The sample of this research is 98 students. Data collected directly from resonden by using research instrument in the form of questionnaire and technical data using Path Analysis. The results show that Perceived Value has a significant effect on brand image. Brand image mediates the influence of Perceived Value on Service Satisfaction, where the image of the brand image as a full mediation. Based on these results, it can be interpreted that every member of the organization should be able to create and maintain excellent service provided to students, so that students feel safe and comfortable to perform activities that are closely related to organizational goals, and not reluctant to perform activities that can increase the value that customers perceive to the organization. With a good understanding of the basic concepts of service satisfaction that are firmly rooted in the mind of a student, the student will show the satisfaction of the various forms of service as well. Students will tend to think that the satisfaction of the service is received in accordance with the perceived value of the sacrifice of the cost given to it in obtaining the service. The better the services provided by the department to the students the better the assessment given by the student. So that good service brings out the brand image itself against a student in the State College.</p><strong>Keyword:</strong> Perceived Value, Service Satisfaction, Brand Image

ANALYSIS ON THE PATTERN OF USING THE SERVICE OF REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE MAKING IN A DENTAL LABORATORY IN SURABAYA

The making of removable denture is performed by a dental laboratory. To facilitate the identification, according to Kennedy classification, classes are divided onto groups, the Kennedy class I, II, III and IV. To suit with the needs of the dental laboratory tasks commonly done, priority are necessary for common cases and should to be taught to students of Dental Health Technology Diploma. In Surabaya, research of various cases of removable partial denture with the various Kennedy classifications has never been done before. This study was to analyze the pattern of service for the removable partial denture manufacture in dental laboratory at Surabaya (2011 – 2013). The research is an observatory analytic. The population is all dental laboratories located around the campus of the Faculty of Dentistry Airlangga University Surabaya. The sample was the whole population is willing to become respondents. Sampling by total sampling. The method of collecting data using secondary data from a dental laboratory in Surabaya from 2011 until 2013. The note is cases removable denture according to the classification of Kennedy that Kennedy Class I, II, III and IV. Also of note kinds of materials used to make the denture base that is heat cured acrylic resins, thermoplastic resins and metals coherent. The data is a compilation table charting the frequency until needed, then analyzed using cross tabulation. Mostly denture type is flexible type and the least is metal framework. Most cases by classification Kennedy is followed by class II class III and class II and more recently is the fourth. In conclusion, in 2011 and 2013 the manufacture of removable partial dentures according to the classification of Kennedy Class III is the most common in both the upper arch and lower jaw, followed by Class II, Class I and Class IV. In 2012 which is the highest grade III followed by class II, class IV and class I. The denture type most used is a flexible denture, followed acrylic denture and the last is the metal framework.

BIOFILM BACTERIA PLAYS A ROLE IN CSOM PATHOGENESIS AND HAS SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION WITH UNSAFE TYPE CSOM

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) may cause severe morbidity and mortality and remains a major health problem worldwide. The incidence of CSOM in Indonesia (1994-1996) is estimated at about 8.36 million people and CSOM general prevalence is 3.8% (Helmi 2005). This study aims to prove the existence of bacterial biofilm in patients with safe type and hazard type CSOM from mastoidectomy. The design was observational analytic with cross sectional approach. This study was conducted at the Teratai Wards, IBP Dr. Soetomo Hospital, and Electron Microscopy Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University Surabaya, from November 2013 to June 2014. Samples of pathological tissues were taken by consecutive sampling and bacterial biofilms examination was done by SEM. SEM results categorized the biofilm bacteria as positive or negative. Biofilm bacteria tested positive when it shows three-dimensional representation of bacteria with clear shapes and sizes and clusters, the formation of amorphous material consisting of glycocalyx material surrounding the bacteria, and surface attachment. Biofilm bacteria was regarded as negative when there is no bacterial cluster, glycocalyx and surface attachment. This study was performed on 33 CSOM patients. Samples were divided into unsafe type CSOM (17 patients) and safe type CSOM (16 patients). Positive biofilm bacteria was found in 12 patients with unsafe type (75%) and 6 patients with safe type (35.35%). Negative biofilm bacteria was found in 4 patients with the unsafe type (25%) and 11 patients with safe type (67.9%). Logistic regression analysis revealed p value = 0.027, indicating the biofilm bacteria have a significant correlation with unsafe type CSOM (p <0.05). In conclusion, biofilm bacteria plays a role in CSOM pathogenesis of biofilm bacteria has significant correlation with unsafe type CSOM.

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE INTENSITY OF Mycobacterium leprae EXPOSURE BETWEEN HOUSEHOLD AND NONHOUSEHOLD CONTACT OF LEPROSY

Leprosy stills a public health problem in West Sulawesi which has a Case Detection Rate (CDR) around 43.69/100.000 population. Household contacts of leprosy are a high risk group to be infected, due to droplet infection mode of transmission of the disease. A nose swab examination and serological study was conducted to detect exposure of M. leprae of people who live in leprosy endemic area. Detection of M. leprae in the nasal cavity will represent the exposure rate from outside and the measurement of specific antibody is represented the result of exposure to the immune system. Two group of inhabitants (30 household contacts of leprosy and 30 nonhousehold contacts) were involved in the study. They live in Banggae district, a leprosy endemic area of Majene Regency, West Sulawesi. Sixty nose swab samples and sixty capillary blood samples from the same invidividuals of the two groups were collected and sent to Leprosy laboratory of the Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University Surabaya. A Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to the nose swab samples for detection of M. leprae. The blood samples were examined serologically to measure the level of anti PGL-1 antibody. PCR examination of nose swab samples showed 1/30 positive result in the household contact group and also 1/30 positive result in non-household contact of leprosy (statistically no significant difference, p > 0.05). Serological study showed higher sero-positive result in the household contact group (15/30 or 50%) compared to non-household contact (11/30 or 36%), but statistical calculation revealed no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05) on sero-positive results of leprosy. It is concluded that household and non-household contact in leprosy have the same risk to be affected by the disease. The term of household and non-household contact need to be redefined. The possible role of exposure from the environment was also discussed, especially from non-human resource of M. leprae.

Jumlah Total Bakteri dalam Saluran Pencernaan Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus Gouramy) Dengan Pemberian Beberapa Pakan Komersial Yang Berbeda <Br><I>[Total Of Bacteria In Digestive Organ Of Gurami Fish (Osphronemus Gouramy) By Administering A Different Commercial Feed]<I>

Abstract Gurami is a fish with a slow growth because of the efficiency of utilization of nutrients and energy contained in the feed is too slow, so it is not enough energy available for growth. Feed components that contribute to the provision of materials and energy for growth are proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. The ability of fish to use depends on the nutrient feed enzymes in the digestive organ. Enzyme producing bacteria to help digest fish feed with the help of enzymes produced by the bacteria are protease, lipase and amylase. Determination of Total Plate Count (TPC) has a population of principles that determine the amount of bacteria found in the digestive organ of fish, because the bacteria are the main factors that cause decomposition. The purpose of this study is to obtain total bacterial or Total Plate Count (TPC) in the digestive organ of Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy) given different feed. This study was conducted in July-August, 2013, in the Bacteriology Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University Surabaya. This research is a descriptive research method of solving the problem by describing the subject matter into a form that is easy to understand and based on facts. The results showed that the highest number of total bacteria in the stomach of each type of feed. However, if the average value is taken and compared between the feed is P1, P2 and P3 obtained an average highest number of total bacteria on P2 feed, the average number of bacteria in a row in P1, P2, and P3 are 71.8 x 107 ; 64.5 x 107; 2.9 x 107 which also has the highest crude fiber content of nutrients in the form of a percentage on the proximate test is 8.03%. Expected that the results of this study further research on the addition of probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal organ which will help of growth of carp.

Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri yang Terdapat pada Saluran Pencernaan Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy) dengan Pemberian Pakan Komersil yang Berbeda <Br><I>[Isolation And Identification Of Bacterial In The Digestive Organ Of Gurami Fish (Osphronemus gouramy) With Different Commercial Feed]<I>

Abstract Based on the food habits, gurami is omnivorous fish that feed herbivorous carp tend consists of natural food and artificial feed (pellets). The feed is needed to support the growth and survival of Gurami. If feed is given in accordance with the eating habits of Gurami and contain high nutritional Gurami can then growth accelerated faster. Some types of bacteria found in the digestive tract of animals has an important role in order to improve feed utilization, fish health, and environmental quality improvement and microorganisms. In addition, some bacterial flora in the gastrointestinal tract plays an important role and produce several types of enzymes in the digestive tract may contribute to the metabolism of the host. The purpose of this study was to determine the bacteria in the digestive tract of Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy) were given three different types of commercial feed. This study begins with a sampling of Gurami (Oshpronemus gouramy) of maintenance in the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine at Airlangga University in Surabaya and then do stage isolation and identification of bacteria in laboratory bacteria and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University Surabaya. This study was conducted in July 2013. This research is a descriptive study, the method of solving the problem by describing the subject matter into a form that is easy to understand and based on facts. Results of research on gurami fish that given by three different types of commercial feed, there are two types of bacteria that dominate in the digestive tract of carp, the Pseudomonas sp. and Serratia sp. Both types of bacteria has the potential to help the digestive system of gurami fish. The result of this research are need for further research using the bacterium Pseudomonas sp. and Serratia sp. as probiotics.

Bioaktivitas Minyak Atsiri Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) Terhadap Respon Fisiologis (Glukosa Darah Dan Tachiventilasi) Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio) <Br><I>[Bioactivity Essential Oil Of Bandotan Leaf (Ageratum conyzoides) On Koi (Cyprinus carpio) Physiological Responses (Blood Glucose And Tachiventilation) ]<I>

Abstract Koi (C. carpio) is one of famous ornamental fish in Indonesia. Fish often be subject of change or stessor like physical, chemical and biology on culture. Stress in fish caused released cortisol hormone and cathecolamine hormone. Cathecolamine increase glicogenolisis, cardiovascular regulation and respiration fungtion. Blood glucose and tachiventilation (opercular movement) can indicate stress respon in fish. Essential oil of A. conyzoides have central analgesic activity. Analgesic drugs in vertebrae can reduce stress in fish. Essential oil shown inhibitory effect of GABA transminase, an enzime GABA (gammaaminobutryic acid) degradation which can provoking sedation. Sedation effect in fish reduce blood glucose and tachiventilation. Potency bioactive essential oil of bandotan leaf compound haven’t been know in aquaculture. The potency based of LC50 (Lethal Consentration 50 %) value Purpose of this research determined effect of essential oil Ageratum conyzoides leaf on Koi (Cyprinus carpio) Phsycology Response (Blood Glucose and Tachiventilation) every 4 hours durung 24 hours and LC50-24 hours. Research was conducted at Laboratory of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Airlangga University Surabaya. Research design used Completely Randomized Design and followed by Duncan's Multiple range test. Results of analysis of variance (ANAVA) from early observation and every 4 hours during 24 hours day showed that each treatment of essential oil Ageratum conyzoides leaf gave a significantly different effect on the blood glucose and tachiventilation (P <0.05). The highest average of blood glucose was found in D treatment at second observation (443,67 mg/dl) and the lowest was found in C treatment (60,67 mg/dl). The highest average of tachiventilation was found in D treatment at first observation (1730 bit/9 minute) and the lowest was found in A treatment (437,67 bit/9 minute) at early observation. LC50-24 hours essenial oil Ageratum conyzoides leaf is 34,047 ppm. Based on measurements of water quality, treatments was still viable and good to supported viability of Cyprinus carpio during research, water temperature range between 29-31oC, range of dissolved oxigen 4-6 mg/l, pH ranges 7,5-8,3 and 0,0060,27 mg/l on ammonia.