Air Facilities Research Articles

Justification of the criterion for technical synthesis of radar complexes for covert airspace control

For covert control of airspace, it is required to use complexes that meet the requirements for the effectiveness of obtaining data on objects in the field of observations and protection against the detection of their own unmasking signs by means of radio technical monitoring with predetermined indicators of resource intensity and efficiency of performing target functions. Joint fulfillment of these requirements when the parameters of the equipment structures and information processes are found under the established conditions for monitoring the properties of resource intensity and efficiency is achieved. Due to the complexity and inconsistency of the dependent bridges of the performance indicators and the stealth of application from the technical characteristics of the radar systems, it is necessary to substantiate the synthesis criterion for finding compromise technical solutions for the design of the equipment and the choice of a strategy for obtaining data on air facilities. The goal of the article is determination of design characteristics, frequency-time and energy signals parameters of radar complexes for analysis of air situation at concealment of unmasking features from means of radio technical monitoring. The criterion of technical synthesis of radar complexes for covert control of air-space is justified, which allows obtaining information about air objects at pre-established risks of threats to identify their own unmasking signs by means of radio technical monitoring. Regularities have been investigated and the conditions for achieving the target functions of complexes with resonant, band and frequency-independent signal transmission-reception devices have been determined. The principles of construction have been substantiated and the rules for finding rational parameters of the design of radar complexes and information processes used in airspace control in order to achieve the required operational properties of obtaining information about air objects while maintaining secrecy from radio monitoring facilities have been determined.

Risk Management for Surface Plants in Mines Using Risk Matrix and BowTie Analysis

Surface plants in mines are important parts of a mine operation. There exist offices, common areas, repair and maintenance shops, compressed air facilities, hydraulic facilities, areas where mine machinery and parts are stacked, transportation cranes and mine stock areas in surface plants. Therefore, while the mining operations are continuing, it is necessary to control all the work in the surface plants in terms of work safety and health. In this study, the risk matrix method is used to identify and prioritize the risks of surface plants in a mine. Then, the highest priority risk, which is found to be "Stock area and work environment", is considered using bowtie analysis. Four threats are determined for "Stock area and work environment" risk. These are improper ore or coal stock area, insufficient lighting in night works, lack of maintenance of field crane and dusty work environment. These threats are also modelled using bowtie analysis. As a result of this study, these threats, corresponding barriers and consequences can be managed by safety and operational engineers.

The Maritime Logic of the Melian Dialogue: Deterrence in the Western Pacific

There is a maritime logic embedded in Thucydides’ ‘Melian Dialogue’ that until now has attracted little notice; observers have instead concentrated on the deeper philosophical and moral issues highlighted by Thucydides in his tale drawn from the Peloponnesian War. Nevertheless, the maritime logic that propelled a confrontation on the island nation of Melos nearly 2,500 years ago could re-emerge in the run-up to a conflict in the Western Pacific. Allies are the strategic enabler of the US naval presence in the region, and US forces are taking steps to develop concepts and doctrine to enable operations in and along the First Island Chain. Denying access to these logistical facilities might be a political priority for China in the run-up to potential military action, and it would not be surprising if Beijing delivered a simple message to the inhabitants of the First Island Chain: stay out of it, and we will leave you out of it. All of this suggests that the idea of ‘neutrality’, as encountered in the Melian Dialogue, might again emerge during a crisis. Because the incentives to restrict US access to forward-operating bases are so clear-cut, strategists need to anticipate the emergence of ideas related to limiting the ability of US naval units to use port and air facilities in the Western Pacific.

Methodology for the Development of Radar Control Systems for Flying Targets with an Artificially Reduced RCS

The article explores methods for detecting and tracking air targets in radar with an artificially reduced radar cross-section (RCS). A technique for control the radar antenna system using an adaptive method is presented, which is based on adapting the system to the conditions of information uncertainty due to fluctuations in the excitation signal of the radar target's radar-absorbing coating. Known methods of radar aircraft (active and passive, which do not take into account the structure of the coating of the aircraft) do not allow obtaining information about an air target with an artificially reduced RCS. The main contribution of this article is the development of radar and control methods based on the resonant frequency-phase interaction of the microwave electromagnetic field with the crystal structure of the radar absorbing coating of the aircraft. The stages of antenna system control based on the "frequency-phase detection method", "passive-active" tracking method, and "adaptive method" of antenna control have been studied. To test the proposed methods, an experiment was conducted to determine the transient process in the control system under conditions of information uncertainty. As a result of the experiment, the probability of tracking the target is increased by 14-19%. The findings will be useful for developers of radar and control systems for modern air facilities with an artificially reduced RCS.

Strategi Pengoptimalan Infrastruktur Pendukung Pariwisata Berkelanjutan

Banyuwangi Regency is located the easternmost of Java Island and is directly adjacent to Situbondo Regency in the north, the Bali Strait in the east, the Indian Ocean in the south and Jember Regency and Bondowoso Regency in the west. The development of the tourism sector is closely related and dependent on the available infrastructure development. However, the infrastructure related to tourism is inadequate. One of the infrastructures that is still not evenly developed is air transportation. Good transportation will increase visits to tourist areas, and attractive tourist objects will also increase the number of trips. Banyuwangi Regency is known for its domination of tourist destinations in each sub-district consisting of natural tourist destinations or mass tourism. Ijen Tourism Destinations which is one of the leading attractions in Banyuwangi included into (Triangle of Gold) and the Festival international scale contained in Ijen tourist destinations. The fact is that the availability of supporting infrastructure for tourism activities is still minimal in Ijen tourism in Licin District. The purpose of this study examines the strategies to optimize air transport infrastructure in sustainable tourism. The research method is quantitative analysis to calculate airport capacity requirements for the projection of the next 20 years, Qualitative analysis to identify the feasibility of both land and air facilities, as well as airport connectivity analysis which describes the spatial conditions of public transport serving Blimbingsari Airport. This study is expected to help the government or stakeholders in optimizing infrastructure, especially air transportation to support tourism mobility.
 Keyword: air transport infrastructure, sustainable tourism, tourism mobility

Working at home and outside: Working conditions and non-working hours

In the presence of anti-epidemic restrictions, telework has become widespread around the world. This trend has provoked numerous debates on how efficient and convenient work from home is compared to that performed on special premises. However, work from home is not the only non-standard form of work activity. This study explores different types of workplace — locations and premises where workers perform their duties. Empirical analysis exploits microdata from “The time use survey” conducted by the Russian Statistical Agency in 2019. The survey identifies six types of work: on standard premises (offices or shop-floors), telework, homebased work, work performed in special facility (like kiosks, pavilions, gas filling stations, garages, etc.), in open air facilities (like construction sites or agricultural fields), or transportation/delivery services. These types of workplace differ in terms of employment and working conditions, work safety and commuting time, potentially contributing to social stratification. Thus, heterogeneity in “workplaces” contributes to social stratification, affects distribution of economic benefits and health risks and can be an additional measure of labor market inequality.

Working at home and outside: Working conditions and non-working hours

In the presence of anti-epidemic restrictions, telework has become widespread around the world. This trend has provoked numerous debates on how efficient and convenient work from home is compared to that performed on special premises. However, work from home is not the only non-standard form of work activity. This study explores different types of workplace — locations and premises where workers perform their duties. Empirical analysis exploits microdata from “The time use survey” conducted by the Russian Statistical Agency in 2019. The survey identifies six types of work: on standard premises (offices or shop-floors), telework, homebased work, work performed in special facility (like kiosks, pavilions, gas filling stations, garages, etc.), in open air facilities (like construction sites or agricultural fields), or transportation/delivery services. These types of workplace differ in terms of employment and working conditions, work safety and commuting time, potentially contributing to social stratification. Thus, heterogeneity in “workplaces” contributes to social stratification, affects distribution of economic benefits and health risks and can be an additional measure of labor market inequality.

An exploratory study of the experiences and challenges faced by advanced life support paramedics in the milieu of neonatal transfers.

BackgroundThe safe transfer of critically ill neonates is important for their survival. This calls for greater preparedness on the part of paramedics to effect these transfers safely.AimTo understand the experiences and the challenges faced by advanced life support (ALS) paramedics during neonatal transfers.SettingThe study setting consisted of advanced life support paramedics from urban and rural areas in KwaZulu-Natal. It comprised of a network of district hospitals as well air and ground transfer facilities, both public and private.MethodUsing a qualitative research approach, the study sought the views of ALS paramedics who were involved in neonatal transfers in KwaZulu-Natal. A purposive sample of n = 8 ALS paramedics was selected. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed through the process of thematic analysis.ResultsThe study found that paramedics faced multiple complex challenges related to neonatal transfers. Poor pre-transfer preparation of the neonate, equipment related challenges, lack of clinical support available during transfers and pressure to effect inappropriate transfers were some of the challenges they faced. These challenges coupled with insufficient education and the lack of sub-speciality programmes to capacitate, rendered them unprepared to deal with neonatal transfers effectively.ConclusionEmergency medicine needs to provide greater attention towards preparing all stakeholders for successful neonatal transfers.ContributionThe findings provide recommendations for a programme that will limit risks involved with, and support the inter-healthcare facility transfer of critically ill neonates in South Africa.

PROBLEMATIKA PEMENUHAN HAK MENYAMPAIKAN PENDAPAT DAN PELANGGARAN TERHADAP HAK ATAS KESEHATAN DI INDONESIA

The purpose of this paper is to find out the problem of fulfilling the right to express opinions and violations of the right to health in Indonesia. This type of research is normative legal research specifically discussing human rights in the field of expressing opinions and rights to health. Data analysis in this study was carried out systematically based on the research problems described qualitatively. In relation to expressing opinions in public, such as demonstrations or demonstrations with many participants, restrictions on freedom are usually associated with "public order" or public orders. The most difficult is how to provide a balance between freedom and public order. Demonstrations by a number of doctors certainly have an impact on patient care, which in principle has harmed the public interest. In addition, the demonstration by blocking the road body certainly hurts the public interest, namely the interests of all road users. Based on the results of Komnas HAM's investigation, at least 15 types of human rights violations were affected by Lapindo mudflow victims. The problem when it is associated with the right to health is in the form of: not a few refugees whose health is disrupted resulting in people falling ill and some dying due to the absence of a proper environment for displaced people; and gas contaminated air and clean water facilities that are damaged are not handled properly by the government.
 Keywords: human rights, freedom of opinion, right to health

PROBLEMATIKA PEMENUHAN HAK MENYAMPAIKAN PENDAPAT DAN PELANGGARAN TERHADAP HAK ATAS KESEHATAN DI INDONESIA

The purpose of this paper is to find out the problem of fulfilling the right to express opinions and violations of the right to health in Indonesia. This type of research is normative legal research specifically discussing human rights in the field of expressing opinions and rights to health. Data analysis in this study was carried out systematically based on the research problems described qualitatively. In relation to expressing opinions in public, such as demonstrations or demonstrations with many participants, restrictions on freedom are usually associated with "public order" or public orders. The most difficult is how to provide a balance between freedom and public order. Demonstrations by a number of doctors certainly have an impact on patient care, which in principle has harmed the public interest. In addition, the demonstration by blocking the road body certainly hurts the public interest, namely the interests of all road users. Based on the results of Komnas HAM's investigation, at least 15 types of human rights violations were affected by Lapindo mudflow victims. The problem when it is associated with the right to health is in the form of: not a few refugees whose health is disrupted resulting in people falling ill and some dying due to the absence of a proper environment for displaced people; and gas contaminated air and clean water facilities that are damaged are not handled properly by the government.

Tabu search-based fleet scheduling of air ambulances for disaster response

Abstract Proper scheduling of air assets can be the difference between life and death for a patient. While poor scheduling can be incredibly problematic during hospital transfers, it can be potentially catastrophic in the case of a disaster. These issues are amplified in the case of an air emergency medical service (EMS) system where populations are dispersed, and resources are limited. There are exact methodologies existing for scheduling missions, although actual calculation times can be quite significant given a large enough problem space. For this research, known coordinates of air and health facilities were used in conjunction with a formulated integer linear programming model. This was the programmed through Gurobi so that performance could be compared against custom algorithmic solutions. Two methods were developed, one based on neighbourhood search and the other on Tabu search. While both were able to achieve results quite close to the Gurobi solution, the Tabu search outperformed the former algorithm. Additionally, it was able to do so in a greatly decreased time, with Gurobi being unable to resolve to optimal in larger examples. Parallel variations were also developed with the compute unified device architecture (CUDA), though did not improve the timing given the smaller sample size.

From Jennies to JATO

The First World War was seminal to the development of military aeronautics and aircraft/aerospace manufacturing in California. While flight innovators Glenn L. Martin and Glenn H. Curtiss made key prewar contributions to military aviation within the state, it was America's entry into the war that was the primary catalyst to the establishment of military air facilities as well as a constellation of small, federally contracted airplane factories within California. Using Sacramento's aviation training school at Mather Field and the airplane factory at North Sacramento's Liberty Iron Works as case studies, this article details the ways that World War I was an early catalyst to the statewide embrace of the seemingly limitless potential of aviation, what many then referred to as “air-mindedness.” An intimate look at both Liberty Iron Works and Mather Field reveals how World War I made Sacramento a martial city, strongly committed to a century of pursuing, and playing host to, military aeronautics and aircraft/aerospace production, as manifested by today's Mather Airport (until 1993, Mather Air Force Base) and aerospace giant Aerojet-General, an early innovator of jet-assisted take-off (JATO) and the indirect progeny of Liberty Iron Works. Several factors related to the advent of World War I—most notably, the promise of economic growth, the allure and mystery of flight, and the local prestige that comes with contributing to national defense—inculcated Sacramentans (and Californians) with an adoration for the military, a sense of regional independence, a reverence for the economic promise of the aircraft and aerospace industry, and an aviation-centered mentality that would endure into the twenty-first century.

Urban development planning is the foundation of sustainable development budget of the administrative-territorial formations

Both natural and artificially created spatial resources are used in the labor’s results of any subject of economical relations. There are subsoil and terrestrial resources, natural resource resources, water resources and air resources, engineering resources and facilities, as well as interiors of buildings and all exterior open spaces of urbanized and non-urbanized areas. The connection of spatial cells occupied by different types of economic and intellectual activity with their economic results, and accordingly with the amount of budget revenues in the simplest form can be established depending on the parameters of land allocated in urban planning documentation for these activities. On this basis, one can find a simple solution to the problem of ensuring the necessary and sufficient budgetary saturation of administrative-territorial formations. It can be based on cadastral value, mapping and accounting of land plots, land tax rates and lease payments. Urban planning mechanisms of spatial organization of society in the form of functional and urban zoning, types of permitted use of lands can play a key role in creating conditions of sustainable socio-economic development of the entire hierarchy of administrative-territorial formations.

Stagnation point transient heat flux measurement analysis from coaxial thermocouples

ABSTRACTThe transient heat flux measurement at stagnation point is a significant solicitation at highly compressed flow field environment. In aerodynamics surface heating point of view, the estimation of stagnation heat fluxes at the tip of a blunt body is very imperative. When the blunt body is exposed to high-speed flow field environments, at the stagnation point heat transfer would be maximum. The coaxial surface junction thermocouples (CSJTs) are convenient for short duration time scale due to the fast response in the range of millisecond or less (̴0.1 ms). These robust CSJTs have the tractability of intensifying them directly on any type of surface and can be used for routine measurement in ground-based impulse amenities as a temperature measuring devices where rapid heat loads are anticipated. In this work, three different types of coaxial thermocouples K-type, E-type, and J-type have been designed and contrived. The microstructural analysis of measuring surface property has been carried out to see the surface morphology using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESME) and chemical characterization of these CSJTs materials using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) technique is used to verify qualitatively appraise the CSJTs materials composition. The thermal coefficient of resistance (TCR) and sensitivity (S) of each coaxial thermocouple have been determined by using oil-bath calibration technique with the linear variation of resistance corresponding to the variation of temperature and found that these coaxial thermocouples are highly sensitive and suitable for highly transient heat transfer measurements. For this purpose, these three types of CSJTs have been tested under highly compressed heated air 310 K temperature for 100 ms at pressure 6.1 bar with Mach number unity (M = 1) using compressor test rig. Numerical simulation has also been carried out with these three RTDs to satisfy the experimental parameters using Ansys Fluent 15.0 and typical transient temperature recorded. Surface heat fluxes recovered from experimental and numerical transient temperatures histories using semi-infinite heat conduction modeling having good agreement with accuracy ±3% or less. This study divulges the expertise of these handmade coaxial thermocouples for transient surface heat flux measurement for short durations at highly compressed air facilities.

Nonequilibrium Supersonic Freestream Studied Using Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy

Measurements were conducted at the University of Virginia Supersonic Combustion Facility of the flow in a constant-area duct downstream of a Mach 2 nozzle. The airflow was heated to approximately 1200 K in the facility heater upstream of the nozzle. Dual-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy was used to measure the rotational and vibrational temperatures of and at two planes in the duct. The expectation was that the vibrational temperature would be in equilibrium, because most scramjet facilities are vitiated air facilities and are in vibrational equilibrium. However, with a flow of clean air, the vibrational temperature of along a streamline remains approximately constant between the measurement plane and the facility heater, the vibrational temperature of in the duct is about 1000 K, and the rotational temperature is consistent with the isentropic flow. The measurements of vibrational temperature enabled cross-stream nonuniformities in the temperature exiting the facility heater to be documented. The measurements are in agreement with computational fluid dynamics models employing separate lumped vibrational and translational/rotational temperatures. Measurements and computations are also reported for a few percent steam addition to the air. The effect of the steam is to bring the flow to thermal equilibrium, also in agreement with the computational fluid dynamics.

Poster 119 Four Extremity Gangrene Leading to Amputation Presents a Challenging Rehabilitation Course: A Case Report

She failed initial decatheterization and developed fever. Empiric Ciprofloxacin was started for suspected UTI. She continued to have low grade fever. Urine culture revealed Klebsiella pneumoniae sensitive only to Colistin (minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.5). Infectious disease consultation was requested. Blood cultures were negative and repeat urine studies were collected. She was started on Colistin and serial urine cultures reported decreasing organism burden with the last negative for infection. Center for Disease Control (CDC) analysis of urine culture confirmed NDM beta-lactamase-mediated resistance. Discussion: Multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms are an increasing concern in hospitals and post-acute care facilities due to high associated morbidity and mortality. New Delhi Metallo-Blactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (NDM-1) is a relatively new pathogen. The first incident in the United States occurred in Colorado in 2012. The first world report occurred in Sweden in 2009. This is first reported NDM-1 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae UTI in AIR setting. Conclusions: The CDC, acute care hospitals, and Long-Term Acute Care are developing isolation regulations to help prevent spread of these new MDR organisms. AIR facilities share the risk for encountering new MDR organisms and should have an active role in collaborating to identify and prevent spread of these organisms.

Результаты моделирования процесса обнаружения воздушных объектов наземной обзорной РЛС в условиях воздействия пассивных помех

The article considers the modeling methodology for detection process of air facilities by ground surveillance radar under the impact of dipole passive jamming and natural passive jamming (local objects and the angel echo type ja m-ming). The methodology is created to implement this process in a Cosmonauts Training computer system for training combat crews of radar troops subdivisions. There was an analysis of the status and prospects of air and space attack devices and their application tactics. It shows that one way of overcoming air defense system is using radio interference. Electronic warfare provides passive jamming with high intensity. Moreover, passive jamming as reflections from the ground surface (local sub-jects) and from hydrometeors is always in radar receiver. Modeling detection process of air facilities by ground surveillance radar includes considering the capability of radar in jamming environment. It also should take into account origin aspects and impact of jamming on the radar. There are works that present approaches to making jamming models, but these approaches can not be implemented in a ground radar model operating in real time in rapidly changing complex conditions. The purpose of the paper is to provide an adequate and easily implemented modeling process of passive jamming affecting ground radar for using in training systems for training combat crews of radar troops subdivisions. The paper resents relations in formulas for calculating target detection facts when radar is under the impact of natural and artificial passive jamming.

Use of Underground Air for a Heating and Cooling Energy Source on Jeju Volcanic Island of Korea

Underground air has been gaining popularity for space heating and cooling on Jeju volcanic island, Korea, because there are many geological and societal limitations in the application of conventional ground source heat pump systems. The underground air temperature on the Jeju Island is very stable, at 15°C–19°C (median 17°C), throughout the year, while the ambient air temperature varies widely. In addition, vesicular basalts widespread in the island facilitate the extraction of underground air. As of 2007, there were 63 underground air facilities used, which were mostly greenhouses for growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental shrubs. Practical operations and agricultural studies have revealed that the supply of underground air to greenhouses growing plants saved energy costs and enhanced crop production due to the high CO2 content in the underground air. Despite these advantageous features, there are still some problems that need to be resolved including public grievance relating to potential groundwater contamination due to the drilling of boreholes and lack of technical experiences in optimal system design. Regulations have not been tailored to the use of underground air systems, which is still not officially acknowledged as a renewable energy source and these factors will need to be resolved prior to the sustainable use of underground air.

Restoration of civil air facilities following war

This paper highlights the issues faced by military engineers when restoring civil air facilities following conflict. Based on experiences at Pristina in Kosovo and Kabul in Afghanistan, it covers the various stages of opening runways, from mine clearance and rapid repair for combat operations to more permanent solutions for eventual transfer to civil authorities. At both locations the infrastructure had been destroyed but the differing political environments impacted significantly upon the works undertaken.

Restoration of civil air facilities following war

This paper highlights the issues faced by military engineers when restoring civil air facilities following conflict. Based on experiences at Pristina in Kosovo and Kabul in Afghanistan, it covers the various stages of opening runways, from mine clearance and rapid repair for combat operations to more permanent solutions for eventual transfer to civil authorities. At both locations the infrastructure had been destroyed but the differing political environments impacted significantly upon the works undertaken.