Air Crash Research Articles

Enhancing Aviation Safety through AI-Driven Mental Health Management for Pilots and Air Traffic Controllers.

This article provides an overview of the mental health challenges faced by pilots and air traffic controllers (ATCs), whose stressful professional lives may negatively impact global flight safety and security. The adverse effects of mental health disorders on their flight performance pose a particular safety risk, especially in sudden unexpected startle situations. Therefore, the early detection, prediction and prevention of mental health deterioration in pilots and ATCs, particularly among those at high risk, are crucial to minimize potential air crash incidents caused by human factors. Recent research in artificial intelligence (AI) demonstrates the potential of machine and deep learning, edge and cloud computing, virtual reality and wearable multimodal physiological sensors for monitoring and predicting mental health disorders. Longitudinal monitoring and analysis of pilots' and ATCs physiological, cognitive and behavioral states could help predict individuals at risk of undisclosed or emerging mental health disorders. Utilizing AI tools and methodologies to identify and select these individuals for preventive mental health training and interventions could be a promising and effective approach to preventing potential air crash accidents attributed to human factors and related mental health problems. Based on these insights, the article advocates for the design of a multidisciplinary mental healthcare ecosystem in modern aviation using AI tools and technologies, to foster more efficient and effective mental health management, thereby enhancing flight safety and security standards. This proposed ecosystem requires the collaboration of multidisciplinary experts, including psychologists, neuroscientists, physiologists, psychiatrists, etc. to address these challenges in modern aviation.

What it Can Learn from Aviation Safety

Abstract Blay Whitby FBCS explores how air crashes are investigated and discusses how lessons from that industry might be applicable when IT and AI projects experience disastrous outcomes.

Sentiment-topic dynamic collaborative analysis-based public opinion mapping in aviation disaster management: A case study of the MU5735 air crash

In the new media era, public opinion guidance for major emergencies is significant for enhancing social governance capabilities and ensuring social stability. Constructing a public opinion map based on sentiment-topic dynamic collaborative analysis can serve as a valuable reference for government-led public opinion guidance. This paper firstly develops a sentiment dictionary for major disaster events to aid in recognizing netizen emotions and uses a relevance formula-based Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model to conduct topic text mining. Then, through the division of public opinion cycles and different methods-based topic classification, sentiment-topic dynamic collaborative analysis is performed to create a visual public opinion map. By examining the case of the China Eastern Airlines MU5735 crash, the results indicate a close relationship between netizens’ sentiments and the topic content, primarily influenced by mainstream media news reports during different stages of public opinion. Furthermore, it is find that certain key node events can trigger emotional resonance among the masses during different stages of the public opinion cycle, resulting in completely different sentiments such as “sorrow”, “good” and “anger” for different topics. The visual public opinion map generated in this study offers valuable insights for the public opinion guidance and supervision of related disaster events. Simultaneously, it can also help identify and understand potential public opinion risks of disaster events, such as the spread of rumors and the amplification of panic. This provides both researchers and government administrators with a comprehensive and intuitive tool to better understand public opinion and effectively mitigate the public opinion risks associated with disaster events, thus safeguarding public safety and interests.

Signaling Air Disasters: Media performance in major Accidents

This article collects reports from different media after the two air crashes through the words of these news media; this article analyzes the tendency of the media in the two countries to report by comparing the reports of the Chinese and American media on the plane crash. It is found that the media reports of the two countries are quite different. This paper analyzes these differences and puts forward the possible reasons.

Installation of the flight data recorder S2-3a on Su-22 and MiG-29 aircraft

The S2-3a flight data recording system developed at the Air Force Institute of Technology is intended for recording the flight parameters and the operating parameters of aircraft assemblies, as well as to store the recorded data in its memory to evaluate flight safety, piloting technique, technical condition of on-board system and air accident (air crash) causes. S2-3a flight data recording systems are operated on-board the: TS-11 ISKRA, PZL-130 TC-II ORLIK, M-28 BRYZA, MiG-29, and Su-22 aircraft, as well as the Mi-8, Mi-14, Mi-17, Mi-24, W-3 SOKÓŁ and SW-4 helicopters. The paper contains selected information on the instllation of the S2-3a recorder on Su-22 and MiG-29 aircraft AT the Military Aviation Works no. 2 S.A. In Bydgoszcz.

Nursing on Air Crash of Japan Air Lines Flight 123: Focusing on Autopsy, Treatment and Identification of the Dead Bodies

Nursing on Air Crash of Japan Air Lines Flight 123: Focusing on Autopsy, Treatment and Identification of the Dead Bodies

Health and economic impact assessment of active travel modes in Tehran megacity

Health and economic benefits of active travel modes were investigated compared to air pollution and crash risk in Tehran, the capital of Iran using Health Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT) developed by World Health Organization (WHO). By increasing walking time duration to the range of 10–30 min from 5 and population proportion to 16.2% from 8.5%, the mortality rate would decrease to ∼112–108 from 113 and ∼735–654 from 764 in the age groups of 20–44 and 45–74 respectively. Similarly, in the cycling mode, increasing the time duration to 15–40 min from 10 and population proportion to 1.2% from 0.9%, would lead to increasing prevented premature deaths. Moreover, results of increasing PM2.5 concentration within the time range of present study showed that the benefits of physical activity outweighed the risks caused by air pollution and crash fatality. So promoting active transportation modes has significant health and economic benefits, especially for older adults.

Evaluating Airline Liability and Compensation in Indonesian Aviation

This study investigates the regulatory framework and legal implications of airline liability in the context of air crash victims' rights in Indonesia, focusing on the enforceability of release and discharge agreements imposed by airlines. The research adopts a normative legal method, employing legislative and conceptual approaches to scrutinize primary and secondary legal materials related to aviation accident compensation. The primary sources include the Indonesian Aviation Act No. 1 of 2009, Article 141, and the Minister of Transportation Regulation PM 41 of 2011, alongside the Warsaw Convention of 1929. Secondary sources comprise academic literature, including books, journals, and research reports. The data were analyzed qualitatively, evaluating the extent to which the concepts of release and discharge align with the prevailing legal principles of transportation liability. The findings reveal that the Indonesian aviation regulations mandate airlines to compensate for deaths, permanent disabilities, or injuries resulting from air accidents, including to the heirs, with a cap set at Rp1.25 billion per passenger. However, the legal strength of release and discharge statements is considered weak, as they are not explicitly regulated, potentially disadvantageous to victims forced to sign as a precondition for compensation, and contrary to consumer protection laws prohibiting the shift of airline responsibilities to consumers. The study recommends a thorough government review of these release and discharge provisions to ensure alignment with national aviation laws, consumer protection statutes, and civil codes, emphasizing fairness and the protection of victims' and heirs' rights. This research contributes to the discourse on aviation liability in Indonesia, highlighting the need for legal reforms to uphold justice and certainty in airline compensation practices.Highlights:
 
 Weak Legal Foundation: Release and discharge agreements in Indonesia's aviation sector lack explicit legal backing, undermining their enforceability.
 Conflict with Consumer Laws: These agreements often contradict consumer protection laws by shifting airline responsibilities to consumers.
 Need for Legal Reform: There is a pressing need for regulatory review and reform to align compensation practices with fairness and legal standards.
 
 Keywords: Aviation Liability, Compensation, Release and Discharge, Consumer Protection, Legal Reform

Research on the Economic Impact of Air Disasters on Airlines

This research project investigates the impact of uncontrollable factors on companies, which can include natural disasters, political instability, and global pandemics. This paper focuses on the impact of an air crash on airline companies, this uncontrollable factor has significant consequences for the financial, operational, and reputational aspects of airlines, and understanding the impact is crucial for developing effective strategies to mitigate them. The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of airline data with a special case study of the air crash that happened on the Eastern Airline, to provide a comprehensive analysis of the topic. The research findings reveal that uncontrollable factors can lead to the loss of reputation, reduced customer demand, and facing operational disruptions. The public's perception of the airline's safety record will be negatively impacted, which can result in a loss of customer trust and loyalty. Following an air crash, people may be hesitant to fly with the airline, resulting in a reduction in demand for their services. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to the understanding of the impact of uncontrollable factors on airlines, especially the impact of an air crash on an airline company. Even in an air crash due to factors beyond human control, people still try to avoid flying or flying with the same company for a period of time after the accident.

The effect of geomagnetic storms on aircraft accidents between the years 1919–2023 in civil aviation

Detailed research on the effect of geomagnetic storms (GSs) on air crash investigations, which is a very important space weather event and could be the main reason for most aircraft accidents, especially unexplained accidents, has not been done by this time. In this study, we investigated the effect of GSs depending on seasonal changes, solar activity, and geomagnetic activity (GA) over 115 years of aircraft accidents from the decreasing phase of the Solar Cycle (SC) 15 to the increasing phase of SC 25. In our analysis, the accident rates of 1959 air crash events correspond to 68 %, 22 %, 8 %, and 2 % due to mechanical and pilotage reasons, unknown reasons, bad weather conditions, and turbulence that might be related to GSs are obtained for latitudes between ± 10⁰ ≤ φ ≤ ±90⁰ in the northern and southern hemispheres. The MATLAB R2018a Programming Language is used to determine and draw all data in our statistical analyses. Nevertheless, we reconstructed the GA indices such as Dst, Kp, Ap, aa, and am for 1919–2023 by using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Forecasting Model for years without observations and therefore missing data. The first important result is that the number of aircraft accidents increased in the decreasing phases of solar activity cycles (SACs) depending on the effective structure of the coronal holes rather than increasing phases. The second important result is that the highest number of accidents occurred in the equinoxes in March and September (and mostly at the beginning of October) while the lower number of accidents was seen in the solstices such as June and December. The third important result is that the rate of accidents depends on how many storms were seen in the decreasing phase of SACs. The SC maximum intensity value that reaches the higher number, or even the duration of the SC will not affect aircraft accidents directly. The GA indices do not follow a regular pattern according to the SC shows that we should look at the geomagnetic structure of the intensity of three elements of a magnetic field of Earth as D (Declination), H (Horizontal), and z (Vertical), and therefore their intensities.

Virtual Reality's Effects on Air Crash Accident Investigation Learning Interaction

The objective of this study is to gain a deeper comprehension of the factors that play a role in the evolution of virtual reality (VR) for application in the investigation of aviation disasters. This study was motivated by the concept of utilising VR to create an illusion of the procedures involved in an anviation accident. A conceptual model has been presented, to create the scene that will be simple to understand the procedure of accident following an air crash. The idea is to compile a series of steps that an investigation team will go through and then present them in VR. This stage entails obtaining complete views of the object before it crashes and at ground level. This study contributes to the process of creating the groundwork for adopting VR in air crash investigations to provide instructional experiences. The idea that was presented in this research focuses on feature of the surrounding area of the crash or accident, wreckage distribution, wreckage above the ground, wreckage in motion, wreckage at the ground, spatial view effect, and full view projection as the primary VR features that are required for teaching and learning about air crash accident investigations using VR.

Virtual reality's effects on air crash accident investigation learning interaction

The objective of this study is to gain a deeper comprehension of the factors that play a role in the evolution of virtual reality (VR) for application in the investigation of aviation disasters. This study was motivated by the concept of utilising VR to create an illusion of the procedures involved in an anviation accident. A conceptual model has been presented, to create the scene that will be simple to understand the procedure of accident following an air crash. The idea is to compile a series of steps that an investigation team will go through and then present them in VR. This stage entails obtaining complete views of the object before it crashes and at ground level. This study contributes to the process of creating the groundwork for adopting VR in air crash investigations to provide instructional experiences. The idea that was presented in this research focuses on feature of the surrounding area of the crash or accident, wreckage distribution, wreckage above the ground, wreckage in motion, wreckage at the ground, spatial view effect, and full view projection as the primary VR features that are required for teaching and learning about air crash accident investigations using VR.

Fire modelling framework for investigating tall building fire: A case study of the Plasco Building

Fire can damage structures severely and even cause the building collapse. Structural and fire engineers must carry out a comprehensive forensic investigation of major structural failures in the same rigorous and meticulous manner the airline industry investigates air crashes. The forensic assessment should identify the cause, fire spread scenario, fire behaviour patterns from its growth to decay, de-compartmentation, the performance of fire protection systems, and firefighting management. Using the available tools and data, the current paper proposes a methodology to reconstruct the fire for the forensic assessment of tall buildings. This is done by first organising observed data into a coherent timeline and presenting the actual fire spread obtained from the visual evidence. The total fire spread within the building is estimated based on fire dynamics principles and observed fire scenes that can be verified with a calibrated CFD model. The collapse of the Plasco Building is assessed by employing the proposed framework. The rise in construction of the tall buildings increases the risk of the occupants’ safety from the fire induced structural failure or collapse. The framework presented in this paper can guide engineers to improve the building resilience designs and reduce the fire accidents related risks.

Analysis of smiling photograph; Operation US-Bangla Air Crash.

Human identification may be difficult when there is no antemortem data available. A photograph of the deceased may be valuable in such cases. Digital advancement and inclusion in the lives of ordinary people makes it easier to retrieve clear, high-resolution photos from social media accounts and other places. This paper describes three cases of forensic dental identification from a US-Bangla plane crash in Nepal in which a charred body was positively identified from a smiling photograph provided by the deceased's family. Each case is unique and their identification rests on the availability of pre- and post-mortem information. Thus, the number of concordant points may vary from single to multiple; there is no defined criteria for minimum number of concordance for a positive dental identification.

Analysis of Human Factors in Typical Accident Tests of Certain Type Flight Simulator

With the improvement of modern aviation equipment manufacturing technology, there are relatively few failures due to the unreliability of the aircraft. However, human factors which resulted in air crashes and unsafe events are raised. In this paper, for many typical accident scenarios of a particular plane, the flight simulation verifications of the pilot’s workload and behavior are carried out on the certain transport category airplane, namely the six-degrees-of-freedom full-motion flight simulator. The subjective and physiological evaluation methods combine to analyze the human factors of pilots in the sudden typical accident scene during a flight mission. The study uses eye trackers, professional heart rate monitors, cameras, and other equipment to collect the pilot’s physiological information during the flight mission, and allows the pilots to fill in the subjective evaluation scale, establishing a subjective and objective evaluation index system. Thus, the human factors of pilots in typical fault situations are analyzed. The analysis shows the combined personal and accurate evaluation method, with the test equipment and environment proposed by this paper being feasible for the human factor evaluation in the accident or incident of transport category airplanes. It will benefit aviation stakeholders in determining the proper action to decrease the workload to an acceptable level.

Flying high: pilot peer coaching to champion well-being and mitigate hazardous attitudes

PurposeThe “Germanwings” air crash in 2015 in which 150 people were killed highlighted the challenges pilots working in the aviation industry face. Pilots regularly work for extensive periods in inhospitable and high-pressure operational conditions, exposing them to considerable work-related stress. This has raised calls for a more systemic cultural change across the aviation industry, championing a more holistic perspective of pilot health and well-being. The study aims to explore how peer coaching (PC) can promote an inclusive psychosocial safety climate enhancing pilot well-being and can mitigate hazardous attitudes and dysfunctional behaviours.Design/methodology/approachAdopting an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were conducted with military and civilian peer coach/coachee pilots and key industry stakeholders, totalling 39 participants. The research provided significant insights into the perceived value of PC in promoting both pilot health and mental well-being (MW) and flight safety across the aviation industry.FindingsThe study highlights four key PC superordinate themes, namely, coaching skills, significance of well-being, building of peer relationships and importance of confidentiality and autonomy. Such combined themes build reciprocal trust within peer conversations that can inspire engagement and effectively promote personal well-being. The contagious effect of such local interventions can help stimulate systemic cultural change and promote a positive psychosocial safety climate throughout an organisation and, in this case, across the aviation industry. This study provides a PC conceptual framework “Mutuality Equality Goals Autonomy Non-evaluative feedback, Skill Confidentiality Voluntary Supervisory (MEGANS CVS),” highlighting the salient features of PC in promoting MW.Research limitations/implicationsThe study highlights the salient features of PC and its role in promoting peer conversations that enable personal transition, openness and acceptance. This study also highlights how PC and well-being can be used to encourage inclusivity and engagement, thereby strengthening institutional resilience.Practical implicationsThis study highlights how PC that can assist HRM/HRD professionals to embed a more inclusive and salutogenic approach to MW that can reshape organisational cultures. This study highlights the significance and link of workplace stress to hazardous attitudes and dysfunctional behaviours. It further notes that whilst the MEGANS CVS peer coaching framework has been applied to pilots, it can also be applied across all sectors and levels.Social implicationsThis study highlights the value of PC as an inexpensive means to engage at the grassroots level, which not only improves personal performance, safety and well-being but by building peer relationships can also act as a catalyst for positive and deep organisational cultural change.Originality/valueThis study offers the MEGANS CVS framework that exposes insights into PC practice that can assist HRM/HRD professionals embed a more inclusive and salutogenic approach to health and well-being that can reshape organisational cultures. This study highlights the significance and link of workplace stress to hazardous attitudes and dysfunctional behaviours, and whilst this framework has been applied to pilots, it can also have relevance across all sectors and levels. This study calls for a “salutogenic turn,” employing MW and PC to transform organisational capabilities to be more forward-thinking and solution-focused, promoting an inclusive “just culture” where leaders positively lead their people.

Structural Dynamics and Vibration

Structure design is a mixture of art and science, combining the experienced engineer’s intuitive feeling of statics and material. In the engineering practice, it is not exact enough to design a structure only by considering the constant loading. Time-varying loading such as earth-quake, wind loading, bomb blast loading, vortex should be taken into consideration in the practical engineer problems. If structure is subjected with a time-varying loading, the response is vibration. This article is going to show how to deal with some typical types of vibration such as free vibration analysis of SDOF equation of motion, the undamped free vibration, the damped free vibration and vibration control Further, it will explain structural dynamic responses under the periodic loading, impulsive loading. Air crash, building collapse will be predictable and this will save people’s lives and decreasing economic loss. The methodology of dynamic analysis will be applicated in the real world of structure design.

Safety of civil air transportation in figures and diagrams

Ensuring the safety of civil aviation is the most important transport and economic task. Its solution makes it possible to develop civil air transportation. The purpose of this work is to analyze the indicators of individual and social risk in the civil aviation of the Russian Federation and to identify the generalized causes of aviation accidents. The methods of statistical analysis and modeling were used. The dynamics of the individual risk of deaths shows a negative trend in 1992-2021, while a comparison of the calculated average values of the individual risk of deaths for air passengers over the past 22 years and the previous period available for calculation (1992-1999) shows equal values. The calculations of the social risk of deaths in air accidents for different periods show that the social risk for air passengers has little changed. The model “bow tie” based on the published materials of investigations of air crashes showed the causes of accidents of aircrafts, demonstrated obvious consequences and allowed us to formulate safety barriers.

Fear and Anxiety in the Novel: A Case of Exploding Mangoes

This research investigates the atmosphere of anxiety and fear as prevalent in the novel A Case of Exploding Mangoes by Muhammad Hanif. To execute the current study the researcher applied Freud's theory of personality development and psychoanalysis. The major character of the novel General Zia ul Haq exercised his strong power and controlled the Government of Pakistan by the takeover of the military forces till his death in an air crash near Bahawalpur. The various conditions expose the level of anxiety he was suffering from. General Zia ul Haq's rising tone and anger well portray his psychological condition while giving orders to his Generals on different occasions. The study also exposes and makes it clear that ordinary people living in society are dragged by the drastic, unfavorable and most stressful conditions to face fear, stress, depression, and anxiety.

Air Crash Investigation: Pattern of Spinal Injuries, Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic, and Outcomes.

Spinal injuries following an air crash can be fatal, and recognizing the patients who need immediate attention and early management could save those patients from ending up with lifelong disabilities and other consequences. However, taking appropriate actions in a pandemic situation presents additional challenges. We present our report of air crash victims with spinal injuries, along with their patterns, morphology, management, and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. An analysis was performed on the spinal injuries of victims of the Boeing 737 crash landing at the Karipur Airport (Calicut International Airport, Kerala, India) who were treated at a tertiary care referral hospital in August 2020. Details of the initial triage, patterns of injury, morphologies, mechanisms, management principles, and outcomes at 9 months postinjury were recorded and analyzed. Of the 47 patients received at our center, 44 survivors were triaged and 13 patients (29.5%) were identified to have spinal injuries of varying severities. The majority of the injuries were chance fractures at the lumbar level, followed by burst and compression fractures. A total of 6 patients underwent surgery, following all COVID-19 guidelines based on priority. All survivors had positive outcomes with our management. No complications such as secondary infections, worsening of neurological deficits, or implant failures were recorded. A high incidence of spinal injuries is seen in air crash victims. Early prioritized surgical management in selected patients provides excellent outcomes. Disaster management during a pandemic situation is a difficult task, where proper planning and execution is necessary to provide optimal results.