Condenser Of Air Conditioner Research Articles

ANALISIS KECEPATAN KELUARAN ANGIN KONDENSOR AC TERHADAP JENIS–JENIS BLADE GENERATOR LISTRIK DENGAN KOMPUTASI FLUIDA DINAMIK

Electrical energy is widely used for household and industrial purposes, so the need for electrical energy will continue to increase every year. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an electrical energy generation system that comes from renewable energy such as wind. Currently, not much is known about the use of wasted wind from air conditioner (AC) condensers. The blow of wind can be used to produce electrical energy, so it is necessary to make wind-powered electric generator blades from the condenser output. The blade that will be designed is a three-blade model, so it is hoped that it can rotate the generator optimally. The purpose of this research is to design a three-blade type that can optimize the rotation of the electric motor/generator and get the maximum number of revolutions with a three-blade design because this design provides better stability and more efficiency. One way of making the design is to make simulation variations with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in order to find out the right blade design to rotate the generator and find out the wind blowing from the air conditioner (AC) condenser that crosses the blade. In this study, three simulations were carried out to get maximum results, namely 390 rpm at 42 °C with a velocity of 10.7 m/s and a pressure of 34.4 Pa. To be able to determine the effectiveness of the AC condenser wind output speed with a three-blade design.

Performance Evaluation of Water Cooled Condenser of Air Conditioner Working on VCRS

VCRS commonly known as (Vapour Compression Refrigeration System) is widely adopted method for air conditioning of buildings, in pharmaceutical industry for storage of medicine, in hospitals, automobiles etc. There are several methods for increasing the efficiency% (COP) of an VCRS cycle. Some of the modification can be done in Compressor, Condenser, Evaporator, and in Refrigerant . In this experiment, we adopted method of Subcooling to reduce Compressor work. This study investigates the implementation of subcooling in the condenser of a Vapour Compression Refrigeration System (VCRS) to enhance its efficiency and reduce power consumption. The traditional condenser design is modified by submerging it in a water tank, allowing for subcooling of the refrigerant. The subcooling process involves lowering the temperature of the refrigerant below its saturation temperature, which improves the system’s Coefficient of Performance (COP) by increasing the density of the refrigerant entering the expansion valve. This modification aims to optimize the heat rejection process and enhance the overall performance of the refrigeration system .Experimental result demonstrate a significant reduction in power consumption and an improvement in COP, highlighting the effectiveness of the condenser subcooling method in enhancing the efficiency of VCRS. Keywords : Compressor, Condenser, Expansion Valve, Evaporator.

Theoretical Assessment of a Hybrid Solar-Still System Via Waste Heat from Air Conditioning System Condenser

In this paper, a theoretical study of the conventional solar-still system integrated via the design of heat recovery of air exhausted from the air conditioner condenser employing heat exchangers (WHRUs) was conducted. This study aims to improve desalination performance by compensating for the non-existence of sunlight during the night. A comparison was made between the desalination performance in the event of exposure to solar radiation and its performance in the case of exposure to the system (WHRUs). It was found that the (WHRUs) system has a minimal impact on the production of the conventional desalination rig during the night period, as the highest cumulative productivity in the presence of the (WHRUS) reached (2.15 kg) in August. In contrast, the productivity dependent on solar radiation was (4.58 kg) for the same month, with the most significant percentage of improvement reaching (31.91 %).

A Novel Photovoltaic Panel Cleaning and Cooling Approach through Air Conditioner Condensate Water

The elevated temperature and dust accumulation over the photovoltaic (PV) surface are the main causes of power loss in hot and desert climates. Traditionally, PV cleaning and cooling are addressed separately, and accordingly, solutions have been developed that require extensive energy and/or manpower to cool and clean the PV panels. However, these solutions are less effective due to a lack of synergy in the devised solution, affecting both energy use and the economics of the system. A highly synergic method to cool and clean PV panels in a singular embodiment is developed, involving flowing air conditioning condensate water over the PV front surface. The current article assesses the performance of the proposed system to cool and clean the panels efficiently. The experimental results showed an up to 14% increase in the power output of the PV panels through the proposed condensate water-based cooling and cleaning method.

Comparative corrosion analysis of acrylic precoated aluminum foil under natural exposure and neutral salt-spray (NSS) testing

Conducting research on the corrosion behavior of condenser fins is of great significance for evaluating the performance of the air conditioner during service. The corrosion behavior of precoated aluminum foil for air conditioner condenser fins after natural exposure test and neuter salt-spray (NSS) test were investigated through surface morphology, chemical composition, contact angle and electrochemical analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences between the microenvironment surrounding air conditioner condenser fins and the natural atmospheric environment. The operating status, the air conditioner model, and the ambient atmospheric conditions will influence the microenvironment of the fins. The precoated aluminum foils exhibit the identical same corrosion characteristics in both natural exposure test and NSS test with corrosion mainly observed in the edge region. Compared with the sample after NSS test for 60 days, the sample after natural exposure test for 2 year had lager corrosion extension distance of edge area, smaller low-frequency impedance modulus and larger contact angle, which indicated more severe corrosion. The comparative analysis of results indicates that the NSS test recommended by standards for a duration of 500–1500 h cannot accurately evaluate the service performance of precoated aluminum foil used in air conditioner in marine atmospheric environment.

Chitinophaga pendula, sp. nov., from an air conditioner condensate drain line.

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped and filamentous bacterium designated MD30BT was isolated from a biofilm hanging in water flowing from an air conditioner condensate drain line in Honolulu, Hawai'i. Based on 1517 nucleotides of the strain's 16S rRNA gene, its nearest neighbours are Chitinophaga rhizosphaerae T16R-86T (96.7 %), Chitinophaga caseinilytica S-52T (96.6 %), Chitinophaga lutea ZY74T (96.6 %), Chitinophaga niabensis JS13-10T (96.6 %) and Chitinophaga ginsengisoli Gsoil 052T (96.5 %). MD30BT cells are non-motile, strictly aerobic, and catalase and oxidase positive. Growth occurs between 10 and 45 °C. Major fatty acids in whole cells of MD30BT are 13-methyl tetradecanoic acid (34.1 %), cis-11-hexadecenoic acid (30.3 %), and 3-hydroxy, 15-methyl hexadecanoic acid (13.3 %). The quinone system contains predominantly menaquinone MK-7. The polar lipid profile contains the major lipids phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified lipid lacking a functional group, and two unidentified aminolipids. sym-Homospermidine is the major polyamine. The G+C content of the genome is 47.58 mol%. Based on phenotypic and genotypic differences between MD30BT and extant species in the Chitinophaga, we propose that MD30BT represents a new Chitinophaga species, for which the name Chitinophaga pendula sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate strain MD30BT as the type strain (DSM 112477T=NCTC 14606T).

Performance of vapour compression based atmospheric water generation systems in arid conditions – Experimentations and perspectives in the Gulf region

The scarcity of fresh surface water resources combined with the over-exploitation of groundwater reserves across the Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC) has increased the dependence on seawater desalination to satisfy drinking water requirements. However, the predominance of high relative humidity and temperatures within this region, offers an unrivalled potential for atmospheric water generation (AWG). Most AWG techniques are currently limited to emergency response or remote locations where conventional water production/distribution strategies are ineffective or prohibitive. This study presents an analysis of various scalable AWG techniques including direct cooling of air using Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems (VCRS) and Air Conditioner Condensate Recovery (ACCR). Three commercial VCRS-type AWG units were evaluated at the same time during a 4-month field test in summer 2022 in Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE and their performances were correlated to the relative humidity and temperature of the inlet air in both indoor and outdoor conditions. In addition, up to 30.8 L·day−1·TR−1 of AC condensates were collected from a 7.87 m3·s−1 Fresh Air Handling Unit that was installed on the roof of a University building. This study demonstrates the potential of AWG as a promising solution to increase water security across arid countries by offering a complementary option to desalination without brine generation.

Biosynthesis and photocatalytic evaluation of ZnO nanoparticles using banana flower perianth

Owing to the recalcitrant and toxic nature of textile effluents, the development of environmentally sustainable technology for dye degradation is in high demand. Another area that requires attention is the treatment and reuse of alternate waters wherein a high load of microbial pollution is an impeding factor. In this regard, the present study reports the one-pot green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using non-edible banana flower perianth as the template with water, ethanol, and methanol as green solvents. The study involves using ZnONPs for the photocatalytic degradation of industrial model dye, methylene blue, and microbial load reduction (MLR) in Air conditioner Condensate water (ACW), an example of potential alternate water that is garnering more attention among the scientific community. Systematic characterization of ZnONPs with Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopic techniques substantiated the material properties. The synthesized ZnONPs were spherical with a crystallite size of 14 nm possessing wurtzite crystal structure and a band gap of 3.52 eV. Optimization experiments validated that the maximum photocatalytic efficiency of 97% does not decrease even for 100 ppm dye concentration and 800 ppm catalyst at pH-7 under sunlight and visible light irradiation. Enhanced photocatalytic efficiency is due to the defect bands of K. The highest MLR efficacy in ACW within 30 min was 82% for Aquincola tertiaricarbonis (Gram-negative) and 50% for Bacillus sp. (Gram-positive), the predominant species in ACW. No colonies grew after 60 min of light irradiation in the plating assay. Thus, the template-synthesized ZnONPs could be employed for textile wastewater treatment and water purification applications, owing to their superior photocatalytic proficiency.

Public perceptions and perspectives on alternative sources of water for reuse generated at the household level

AbstractStudying perceptions about reuse of alternative water sources informs about conditions necessary for transition to large-scale decentralized water reuse. We administered a perceptions survey to the public based on results of initial open interviews of water management experts in Israel. Experts indicated their views on impediments to widespread household water reuse which became the basis for developing the questionnaire. The latter aimed to understand views among the general public of: (a) willingness to adopt reuse practices from three sources: greywater, air conditioner condensate and roof-harvested rainwater; and (b) preferences for targeted use of these three types of reused water. The survey elicited 372 responses. A maximum-likelihood regression analysis was conducted using independent variables (i.e., demographic characteristics, individual positions regarding the state of the country's water resources and plans for the provision of domestic water (i.e., desalination), knowledge of the reuse practices and views about risks from various uses of the reused water, including off-premise uses). Willingness to implement reuse practices served as the dependent variable. We found that respondents indicating that they heard of the reuse of the particular types of reuse practices (variable: ‘Knowledge’) was the most significant of the independent variables for all three alternative water sources. Also, using an analytic hierarchy process, we determined that health risks were much more important when compared to convenience of use and costs under hypothetical scenarios of both moderate and significant savings in monthly water expenditures.

Experimental Reduction of Condenser Exit Temperature in VCR System with Condenser Jacket

The Air Conditioner’s condenser chamber releases hot air into the environment which leads to increase in temperature which has a great impact on the environment. The exhaust air produced in the air conditioner was hot air, which led to an increase in global warming and a decrease in the ozone layer. The role of the Condenser jacket is to cool down the hot air that released from the condensers outlet unit. The mud glass and dry grass inserted in the aluminium mesh which absorbs the hot air with the help of water. So the hot air turns to cold and leads to a reduction in global warming due to waste heat. We aim to develop a condenser jacket that will be fitted to the air conditioner condenser resulting in a reduction in the air temperature generated from the condenser after the refrigeration process. The water coming from the air conditioner is made to flow through mud glass and dry grasses which are inserted in aluminium casing. So that the mud glass and dry grass became wet. Hot air passing through wet mud glass and grass gets cold in turn lowers the temperature of the exhaust air. The temperature of air released from condenser should be lowered by this component which would be installed infront of the condenser. The Change in temperature of the air is observed to be around 4°- 5° C which is dependent on the atmospheric weather conditions. So the temperature of the air from the condenser jacket outlet decreases which in turn contributes to lowering global warming to some extent.

RECESSED BALCONY HEAT RE-ENTRY EFFECT ON FAÇADE WITH CONDENSER UNITS

The use of split-type air conditioner in Surabaya results in the almost universal typical apartment layouts which feature a recessed balcony upon the building’s exterior façade which then utilized as air-conditioner condenser unit storage. Façade geometry with recessed balcony itself carries its own characteristic of surface air movement which affects the general Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and heat dissipation of a building. Nevertheless, façade as architectural elements greatly influence building’s energy performance. Inefficiencies in heat dissipation from a condenser unit is detrimental on its performance and precipitate energy wastage. Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis incorporated with energy performance evaluation, the effectiveness of façade geometry with recessed balcony is explored in this paper. It was found that recessed balconies are not an ideal place for condenser unit placement on a façade where many factors contributed to promoting heat re-entry from condenser units into the building’s interior.

Design of condenser air filter integrated device for self-cleaning agricultural air conditioning

The goal of this project is focus on developing suitable for air cooling of farm machinery air conditioning condenser, concrete is a kind of self-cleaning air filter of air conditioner condenser of agricultural machinery integration device, can effectively solve the due to poor working conditions of agricultural machinery, air conditioning condenser vulnerable to dust, insects, weeds, such as congestion, caused by poor heat dissipation, leading to frequent failure of a series of problems[1].It is of great significance to save resources, improve economic benefits, adapt to the adjustment of agricultural structure and improve the technical level of agricultural environmental protection equipment[2].

Failure analysis of a commercially pure titanium tube in an air conditioner condenser

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the failure reasons and failure mechanism of the commercially pure titanium air conditioning condenser. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, chemical analysis, metallographic observation, visual examination and scanning electron microscope examination, corrosion products analysis and working conditions analysis were adopted for determining the reasons for the failure of the condenser. Findings The results indicated that TA2 titanium pipe perforation failure is caused by the synergistic effect of crevice corrosion and deposit corrosion. The corrosion processes can be divided into three steps. Originality/value This research is an originality study on the failure case of a commercially pure titanium air conditioning condenser. This study makes up for the shortage of titanium alloy failure cases and also gives the result of the failure reason and failure mechanism for titanium, which has an engineering significance.

Experimentally evaluation of split air conditioner integrated with humidification-dehumidification desalination unit for better thermal comfort, produce freshwater, and energy saving

The present experimental study aims to achieve the better indoor thermal comfort, produce freshwater, and energy saving. To investigate this idea, split air conditioner was integrated with solar assisted humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination unit, the HDH desalination unit was designed to produce the freshwater and also used as a pre-cooling unit to cool the condenser of split air conditioner in order to reduce a power consumption, increases the cooling capacity, and COP. To obtain the effect of utilizing the HDH desalination unit as pre-cooling unit on a performance of the split air conditioner, two operating cases were suggested to run the HDH unit and the split air conditioner. In the first operating case, the HDH unit was operated separately from the air conditioner. In the second operating case, the HDH unit was connected to the condenser of air conditioner to cool the condenser. Is this case the cold air leaving from the dehumidifier of the HDH desalination unit was used to cool the condenser of the split air conditioner. The results show that when the HDH desalination unit combined with the split air conditioner, (i) the saving in power consumption of air conditioner reached 18.4%, (ii) COP for the air conditioner improved by 48.5%, (iii) accumulative freshwater production reached 36.49 L day−1, and (iv) the improvement in GOR for utilizing the proposed hybrid system reached 60.9%.

Numerical analysis on the condenser inlet air temperature of train-mounted air conditioner when a train stops in subway station tunnel

Thermal environment in the subway tunnels is of great importance to guarantee the operation safety of train-mounted Air Conditioner (AC). Most of the previous researches focused on the interval tunnel temperature, but in fact the air temperature in the station tunnel is higher than that of the interval tunnel since the piston wind is weaker and the heat release rate from the train is more intense. In this circumstance, studying the dynamic thermal process when a train stops in a subway station tunnel is both innovative and necessary. In this research, numerical simulation was adopted and then verified by field measurements. The model was built based on a typical island subway station and also the most widely-used form of train in China. We firstly analyzed the airflow and temperature distribution in the simulation domain. Then the dynamic process for AC condenser inlet air temperature were compared between the station with mechanical ventilation system and without mechanical ventilation system. The result indicates that the mechanical ventilation system helps to prevent the quick temperature increase when train stops in the station tunnel. Moreover, main factors including the form of airflow organization, Over Tract Exhaust (OTE) ventilation volume, and heat release rate of the AC condensers were analyzed. Further, the minimum required OTE capacity for different situations can be determined based on the correlations found in this research. For station tunnels with different dimension or train type, the methodology proposed in this research can be employed to improve the safety of subway trains.

Experimental study on the effect of condensate water on the performance of split air conditioning system

A method of using condensate water to reduce the airflow temperature around the air conditioner condenser and improve the performance of air conditioner is presented in this study. The structure of traditional split air conditioner is adjusted by changing the installation direction of fan and adding disk-type atomization cooling element (ACE) in the outdoor unit. The performance of the air conditioner under four modes is tested in different environment temperatures. Four modes were named, i.e. the original unit without ACE, original unit with ACE, blowing mode without condensate water and blowing mode with condensate water. The blowing mode with condensate water is used to pre-cool the incoming airflow, and the maximum temperature reduction at the air outlet surface of the condenser is up to 2.2 °C in 35 °C. With the environment temperature increasing, the refrigerating capacity of four modes decreased, and the power consumption increased, leading to the decrease of EER. However, owing to the cooling effect of condensate water, the performance of blowing mode with condensate water was greatly improved compared with the original unit without ACE. The variation rates of refrigerating capacity, power consumption and EER at environment temperature of 43 °C were 8.1%, -9.5% and 20%, respectively. The unit with condensate water could greatly improve the performance of air conditioning in high environment temperatures.

Investigation on the effect of thermal properties by change in materials of the air conditioner condenser tube using simulation

Abstract Extended Surfaces widely known as “Fins” are the surfaces that are extended from the actual body or system to enhance the heat transfer rate. Generally, the heat transfer from the body dissipates either to the environment or from the environment by increasing the surface area for the convection heat transfer to take place. In this present research work, CAD model of a segment of condenser tube of air conditioner is taken to perform thermal analysis and simulation on the application of constant internal applied temperature. Alongside the change in the materials of the extended surface as well as the tubing of the condenser is also analyzed. The experiment results shows five different iterations based on the change in material of the corresponding thermal body of extended surface and the condenser tube of the air conditioner. The paper majorly focuses on the temperature, heat flux and thermal gradient of the condenser tube segment. From the results of simulation software it is observed that the change in material has made significant effects on the thermal gradient of the condenser tube and concluded that the high strength aluminum fin and copper tube combination is more distinct compared to other material combinations.

Onsite Non-potable Reuse for Large Buildings: Environmental and Economic Suitability as a Function of Building Characteristics and Location

Onsite non-potable reuse (NPR) is a way for buildings to conserve water using onsite sources for uses like toilet flushing, laundry and irrigation. Although early case study results are promising, aspects like system suitability, cost and environmental performance remain difficult to quantify and compare across broad geographic contexts and variable system configurations. In this study, we evaluate four NPR system types – rainwater harvesting (RWH), air-conditioning condensate harvesting (ACH), and source-separated graywater and mixed wastewater membrane bioreactors (GWMBR, WWMBR) – in terms of their ability to satisfy onsite non-potable demand, their environmental impacts and their economic cost. As part of the analysis, we developed the Non-potable Environmental and Economic Water Reuse Calculator (NEWR), a publicly available U.S. EPA web application that allows users to generate planning-level estimates of system cost and environmental performance using location and basic building characteristics as inputs. By running NEWR for a range of scenarios, we find that, across the U.S., rainfall and air-conditioner condensate are only able to satisfy a fraction of the non-potable demand typical of large buildings even under favorable climate conditions. Environmental impacts of RWH and ACH systems depend on local climate and were comparable to the ones of MBR systems where annual rainfall exceeds approximately 10 in/yr or annual condensate potential exceeds approximately 3 gal/cfm. MBR systems can meet all non-potable demands but their environmental impacts depend more on the composition of the local energy grid, owing to their greater reliance on electricity inputs. Incorporation of thermal recovery to offset building hot water heating requirements amplifies the influence of the local grid mix on environmental impacts, with mixed results depending on grid composition and whether thermal recovery offsets natural gas or electricity consumption. Additional environmental benefits are realized when NPR systems are implemented in water scarce regions with diverse topography and regions relying on groundwater sources, which increases the benefits of reducing reliance on centralized drinking water services. In terms of cost, WWMBRs were found to have the lowest cost under the largest range of building characteristics and locations, achieving cost parity with local drinking water rates when those rates were more than $7 per 1000 gallons, which occurred in 19% of surveyed cities.

Randomly captured thermal imaging pictures in a routine life

Objective of this paper is to have a repository of thermal images for a randomly captured thermal imaging pictures. Camera used in this study is Fluke Ti32 High definition Hand held thermal imager. Images are classified into the following categories of automobile, Air Conditioners, machining process, workshop and parking shed, 3D printer, kitchen stoves, animals, lighting and fans. In the automobile car tyres and engine images were taken, in the air conditioner condenser, evaporator and compressor were taken, in the machining process a drilling, milling, grinding and welding process were taken, in animal’s category a dog, cow and horse images were taken, in the kitchen category stoves of dosa and tandoori were taken, also a regular tube light, LED light and fan images were taken.

Quality Testing of Air Conditioner Condensate and Its Potential in Water Conservation

A major part of world is facing water shortages today. While the world’s population has grown to more than 7.75 billion, the quantity of sweet water has remained the same. The ever increasing use of water by such a large population has resulted in pollution of many water sources. The developing world where a large fraction of total world population is located faces water scarcity in a more severe manner than the developed world. The developed world has managed to control human population and preserve natural water resources more effectively. As a result of this and also due to stabilized population, they face lesser problems for water availability. Indian population stands at 1.386 billion as nowadays. The erratic monsoon rains over last few years have resulted in floods and subsequent water shortages in summer months in major part of the country. A similar situation is faced by many Asian and African countries. The means of recycling and using every possible source of water are always welcome in these countries. Since many of these countries lie in tropical or semitropical zone, the average relative humidity is more than 50% for most of the year. Changing life styles in these countries and spread of information technology based sectors have resulted in a growth spurt in air conditioning facilities. An air conditioner draws heat from surrounding air and cools the premises to desired temperature. During this process, a large amount of moisture in the atmosphere gets condensed and is drained out. There are no efforts made to recover this water in India and neighbouring countries. We have undertaken studies to check the quality of this water and see the feasibility of its use in a decentralized but effective manner. The results show that this water condensate from air conditioners is highly pure, substantial and available almost round the year. This can help in recovering millions of litres of good quality water daily. This water would find uses in industries, laboratories, households and farming. It would also create good business opportunities.