Purpose Of Sustainable Development Research Articles

Green chemistry: current status and challenges in Zimbabwe

Abstract Green chemistry involves designing environmentally benign processes that either reduce or eliminate the use and production of hazardous substances in the production of safe chemical products. It aims at minimising waste; eliminating costly treatments; minimising energy and resource consumption, and yielding safer products. On this background, it becomes imperative to promote and establish Green chemistry worldwide, especially in developing countries by incorporating it into school curricula, thus placing it at its core for sustainable development purposes. While Zimbabwe, a sub-Saharan country, has made positive strides in key research areas such as the design of new chemicals, catalysis, solvents, renewable materials, and feedstocks, it still faces some challenges that inhibit the successful inception of the concept of green chemistry. An overview that includes educational curriculum, grants and awards, research, infrastructure, and facilities established to promote green chemistry research and education; challenges currently being faced in implementing the approaches and principles in selected universities; the role played by government bodies, and the public in influencing the criteria to promote the green chemistry concept is given.

Engineering the Coordination Environment of Ir Single Atoms with Surface Titanium Oxide Amorphization for Superior Chlorine Evolution Reaction.

The chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is essential for industrial Cl2 production but strongly relies on the use of dimensionally stable anode (DSA) with high-amount precious Ru/Ir oxide on a Ti substrate. For the purpose of sustainable development, precious metal decrement and performance improvement are highly desirable for the development of CER anodes. Herein, we demonstrate that surface titanium oxide amorphization is crucial to regulate the coordination environment of stabilized Ir single atoms for efficient and durable chlorine evolution of Ti monolithic anodes. Experimental and theoretical results revealed the formation of four-coordinated Ir1O4 and six-coordinated Ir1O6 sites on amorphous and crystalline titanium oxides, respectively. Interestingly, the Ir1O4 sites exhibited a superior CER performance, with a mass activity about 10 and 500 times those of the Ir1O6 counterpart and DSA, respectively. Moreover, the Ir1O4 anode displayed excellent durability for 200 h, far longer than that of its Ir1O6 counterpart (2 h). Mechanism studies showed that the unsaturated Ir in Ir1O4 was the active center for chlorine evolution, which was changed to the top-coordinated O in Ir1O6. This change of active sites greatly affected the adsorption energy of Cl species, thus accounting for their different CER activity. More importantly, the amorphous structure and restrained water dissociation of Ir1O4 synergistically prevent oxygen permeation across the Ti substrate, contributing to its long-term CER stability. This study sheds light on the importance of single-atom coordination structures in the reactivity of catalysts and offers a facile strategy to prepare highly active single-atom CER anodes via surface titanium oxide amorphization.

English-for-Specific-Purposes Lecturer in English-Medium-Instruction Environment – Maritime English Case Study

In this paper, the Maritime English lecturer's role is considered from the point of view of their ecologically sustainable development. This will be done according to the survey carried out with experienced and novice Maritime English lecturers. The survey examines the current role of a Maritime English lecturer and seeks to envisage the best course of their future development in an English-medium-instruction (EMI) environment. Thus, a questionnaire with appropriate questions for a group of respondent Maritime English lecturers was created and then distributed; next, the responses were analysed and the results’ overview elaborated; last, an attempt was made to model the Maritime English lecturer's optimum development according to the guidelines of ecological sustainability. The essential prerequisite was to consider the idea of an ecologically sustainable development process, its establishment and purpose, and how it can be overlaid onto the professional and pedagogical role of Maritime English lecturers to support their current role, but also to assist in their future development. The latter seems unavoidable due to changes in the maritime industry and requirements from the maritime educational sector.

Engendering the Legal Framework for Environmentally Sustainable Development: Some Reflections

The idea of “sustainable development” was first recognized in 1972 at the U.N. Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm. The Conference did not make reference to the concept explicitly but recognized that the concepts of “sustainability” and “development” that were previously addressed separately could be addressed together to create more benefits. The Conference recognised the importance of environmental management for the purposes of sustainable development. In the years that followed the 1972 conference, terms such as “environment and development,” “development without destruction,” “eco-development,” and “environmentally sound development” became common in publications and the works of the United Nations. This article examines the international legal framework on sustainable development and evaluates the extent to which these laws ensure environmentally sustainable development. The article argues that although the legal framework on environmentally sustainable development is quite extensive and steps are being made to engender them, there is still need to move beyond formal equality and substantive equality to transformative equality. The paper draws on feminist perspectives and calls for engendering the legal framework so as to make environmental sustainability a reality.

Research on Urban Street Network Structure Based on Spatial Syntax and POI Data

The rapid development of cities has led to increasingly problems in the road network structure of urban streets. Combining emerging big data technology with traditional street network analysis methods has become a new way to tackle it. Guilin is a famous international tourist city, and the “Two Rivers and Four Lakes” scenic area is an iconic symbol of Guilin’s scenery. Its streets connect various tourist spots. This study focused on the street’s layout of the “Two Rivers and Four Lakes” scenic area, and used a combination of spatial syntax and POI big data to analyse their spatial structure. The research results indicated that: (1) there was a positive correlation between the global integration value of the street and the POI value; (2) by combining functional density indicators with global integration analysis, streets that significantly deviate from the overall trend can be identified, and classified according to their characteristics to reveal the reasons for their contradictions; (3) we needed to propose three plans for optimizing the proportion of high street, enhancing street functions, and “improving street space” for different types of streets to ultimately realize the purpose of sustainable development of streets and cities.

Формування комплексного підходу до досліджень впливу транспортно-промислових процесів на сіті-логістичні системи

Taking into account the need for post-war reconstruction, one of the important issues is the formation of city-logistics systems taking into account the prospects for the development of urban industry, advanced achievements of science and technology, and the introduction of ecological modes of transport. , ensuring the European level of social and cultural development of the population. Meanwhile, enterprises of the metallurgical industry, as a rule, are city-forming in the settlements of industrial districts, they employ tens of thousands of workers. Taking into account the continuity of the main production processes in metallurgy, employees of such enterprises have a need for round-the-clock daily movement from their place of residence to the enterprise and back. At the same time, the schedules of the beginning and end of work shifts may be different at the same enterprise. Under such conditions, it is important to provide employees with timely and reliable transportation to the workplace. Accordingly, the city's transport system as a whole and the city's public transport in particular must be ready to ensure the growth of demand for passenger transportation for the sustainable development of the city's economy and social sphere. The article emphasizes the relevance of the tasks of optimizing the duration of signals both for relatively simple configurations of street network nodes and for complex street intersections with several sections of the road separated by a boulevard. The approach proposed by the authors to the management of the city-logistics system in the conditions of the cities of industrial regions will ensure the growth of demand for passenger transportation for the purpose of sustainable development of the economy and social sphere of cities. The need has been proven and practical solutions have been proposed for increasing the level of road safety, reducing traffic jams, and improving traffic modes within the cities of industrial areas, which allows to reduce the number of traffic accidents, ensures the fulfillment of urban logistics tasks, and also reduces the level of energy consumption of vehicles. expedient connection of various types of street transport, including individual ones, which will ensure rational planning of street space and increase the efficiency of the transport system of cities.

Formation of the Environmental and Economic Orientation of the Individual for the Purpose of Sustainable Development of Territories

Public awareness of the global problems of our time that impede the harmonious development of society is reflected in the social, economic and environmental spheres. Identification of factors and assessment of their influence on the sustainable development of the region is the key to solving the problem of developing theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation of an individual’s environmental and economic orientation, which presupposes the presence of relevant needs and interests, along with motives, goals and beliefs that guide a person’s behavior and activities in within the framework of ecological-economic balance. The purpose of the study is to assess the influence of objective factors on the formation of environmental and economic needs and interests of a person as the basis for the environmental and economic orientation of an individual. When studying the problem of identifying and assessing the socio-ecological-economic factors of sustainable development of the region, the authors used strategic analysis, integrated methods of special theories — development modeling, and used methods of visual interpretation of research results. An assessment was made of the influence of socio-ecological-economic factors in the regions of the Ural macrozone on the formation of the environmental-economic orientation of behavior. The regions united in the macrozone demonstrate an asymmetry in the conditions of their development, in which points of regional competitiveness are formed, which have the greatest potential for the formation of an environmental-economic orientation, ensuring the adoption of management decisions within the framework of socio-ecological-economic balance. Options for the manifestation of contradictions that influence the degree of formation of an individual’s environmental-economic orientation are presented; connections between levels (strategic, operational, discretionary), objects and management tools are developed to minimize socio-ecological-economic contradictions.

SWOT Analysis of the Sustainable Development Concept

Sustainability, a nebulous but attractive concept, poses an essential question for every activity – if it can continue. The concept of sustainability is broad, and it is also often used interchangeably with the concept of sustainable development (SD). These two concepts are analyzed in their interrelations and in relation to the concepts of the green economy (GE) and green growth (GG). The aim of the work is to define and clarify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the concept of SD in its interrelation with sustainability. The focus is also on the possibilities of their practical application, with the aim of sustaining or increasing wellbeing and quality of life within ecological limits. The concepts of SD and sustainability are regarded as fundamental notions and as a basic philosophy in relation to which the remaining concepts are analysed. Efforts were also made to clarify the most crucial relations of the transformation discourses to SD. The use of the concepts as a basic philosophy, including the balance of the three pillars of sustainability/SD, are the main strengths identified. Important opportunities arise from exploiting these strengths and moving closer towards the aims of SD, which include quality of life and wellbeing. With the goal of sustaining sources of wellbeing for people, opportunities for crucial practical applications and methods of measurement of SD, including the development of sustainability science, are identified.

Cocoa, Palm Tree, and Cassava Plantations among Smallholder Farmers: Toward Policy and Technological Efficiencies for Sustainable Socio-Economic Development in Southern Nigeria

This study is basically and centrally focused on the review of the extant literature in exploring the challenge of the under-utilization of natural fertile land for the cultivation and farming of different crops such as cocoa, palm tree, and cassava, which remain an important sector of the economy for sustainable socio-economic development in the southern part of Nigeria. The review of the cursory literature is necessary to bridge the gap in the existing body of knowledge, especially by addressing the less attention paid to exploring the non-oil sector of the economy such as cocoa, palm tree, and cassava as well as connecting policy and agro-technology to maximize agricultural productivity for the purpose of sustainable socio-economic development. The primary objective of this study is to explore cocoa, palm tree, and cassava plantations among smallholder farmers in order to enhance sustainable socio-economic development in the country. The methodology used in this study is a systematic literature review (SLR) cum content analysis (CA) of secondary sources or relevant literature whereby six themes were generated and analyzed. A consistent approach was used in order to establish exhaustive searching strategies and single-line search strategies such as using field codes and parentheses as part of a systematic literature review. The results indicated that smallholder farmers have been actively partaking in cocoa plantation, and the government has been supportive of them in this regard in order to achieve sustainable socio-economic development. In addition, agricultural transformation contributes to economic diversification through innovative policy and capacity building among cocoa, palm tree, and cassava farmers in the country, which culminates in improving the overall welfare of the smallholder farmers in attaining sustainable socio-economic development. In conclusion, it is noteworthy to say that giving support, especially cocoa, palm tree, and cassava seedlings, to smallholder farmers can be instrumental in bridging the vacuum created by poverty and unemployment which could be regarded as mechanisms for attaining sustainable development. The importance of the study was manifested in the practical aspect of giving concrete support to the smallholder farmers, and the innovativeness of the study is reflected in the advocacy for the efficiencies and effectiveness of agricultural policy and technology integration into the sector. It is therefore suggested that interventions of individual philanthropists, government, and international communities will boost the morale and resilience of the farmers toward enhancing cocoa, palm tree, and cassava production in order to enhance sustainable socio-economic development among smallholder farmers in particular and to maximize national economy growth in general.

Smart specialization of regions as a basis for sustainable development of the Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the implementation of the concept of "smart specialization" of regions for the purposes of sustainable development of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to justify making adjustments to the issues of strategic planning and territorial management at the federal level for the effective implementation of the principles of smart specialization in the regions. The current macroeconomic conditions prevailing in Russia have led to the formation of a strategic course of socio-economic development of the state in the public administration system, which is based on diversified specialization and sustainable development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. This article offers recommendations on the formation of the concept of smart specialization of the subjects of the Russian Federation at the strategic level. The subject of the research is the concept of smart specialization for sustainable development and the possibility of its reflection in the strategic documents of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the research topic is beyond doubt, since the issues of sustainable development of the subjects of the Russian Federation are still topical. The present study is based on the dialectical method of cognition, which includes such methods as comparative, institutional analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction. This methodology provided an opportunity to study this problem through the prism of theoretical and practical aspects. It was concluded that "smart specialization" will make it possible to most effectively identify and implement the vector of regional development, select specific measures that are most effective for each of the subjects of the Russian Federation. One of the important tasks when using this approach is to minimize competition between regions, implement the transition from competition for investment and business to joint development of value chains by regions and strengthen interactions between enterprises. The necessity of developing and implementing institutional and methodological foundations for detailing and updating the most economically promising specializations of the regions was justified. The results of this study, the conclusions drawn and the formulated proposals can be used to improve the strategic foundations of territorial management with a view to their sustainable development. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the proposal to make changes to the fundamentals of strategic planning for the territorial development of the regions of the Russian Federation, which will contribute to the implementation of the principles of smart specialization in practice.

MANAGEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Unifying the concept of social, economic and ecological development, the new development paradigm was established under the name of sustainable development. Sustainable development should harmonize sensible consumption of natural resources with their protection and ensure a more equitable division of wealth and equal economic development at the global level. Within such a context, science and environmental education constitute the precondition for our joint future. As regards the contents, this paper provides a precise and comprehensive overview of theoretical features of environmental pollution and sustainable development, as well as the most important aspects of environmental and natural resource management. For effective control of environmental pollution to be possible, it is necessary to consider the ethical foundations of environmental economics in particular, and special attention is paid to in the paper. A significant part of this work is devoted to criticism of uncontrolled economic growth and the inefficiency of the state in controlling environmental pollution. Knowledge management for the purpose of sustainable development and development of international regulations on the environment are also included.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Growth and Development in Developing Regions: Evidence from a Comparative Analysis and a New Approach

AbstractThe majority of empirical literature acknowledges that information and communication technology (ICT) has a favourable effect on economic growth/development. Different studies, however, contend that this impact is modest or perhaps null, yielding inconsistent findings. In view of this complication, we therefore conducted a study with the aim to analyse the ICT diffusion-economic growth-development nexus for 73 countries over the period 2000–2018. The panel data was divided into three regions, namely sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAAC). For the analysis, the newly developed panel vector autoregression (PVAR) in the generalised method of moments (GMM) estimation approach was applied. Our findings suggest a long-run equilibrium relationship between the three variables. The findings differ from the causality results for the overall panel and each of the regions differs. The inconsistency in the causality results across the regions suggests that the level of ICT diffusion is still underdeveloped. The PVAR-GMM results reveal that (i) ICT diffusion is a significant and positive predictor of growth across the regions, with a greater effect reported in MENA; (ii) ICT diffusion is a significant and positive predictor of development across the regions with a lesser effect noticed in MENA. The study’s implication for academia and practice is that (i) it provides important information on the ICT diffusion-economic growth-development nexus within the context of the econometric approaches used, and (ii) policymakers and managers of telecom businesses should accommodate sufficient support to further establish the ICT infrastructures and expand its penetration for all round sustainable and inclusive growth and development purposes.

A Methodology of Comprehensive Quality Evaluation for the Underground Space

AbstractUnderground space resources are very important for the purposes of urban sustainable develop Underground space resources are very important for the purposes of urban sustainable development and are an important way in which to realize three‐dimensional urban development. A reasonable and scientific evaluation of underground space resources is the basis for the rational use of land resources and urban planning. On the basis of the geological conditions concerned by predecessors, this study adds the analysis of the two influencing factors of social and economic value, existing facilities and protection needs. The evaluation index is quantified, and the comprehensive quality evaluation system of underground space resources is constructed. Finally, taking Nanshan District of Shenzhen as an example, the evaluation of underground space resources is carried out. The results show that for shallow underground space, the comprehensive quality of underground space resources development in Nanshan District is generally high. Nantou, Nanshan, and Yuehai streets are recommended to actively develop underground space, and Qianhai and Houhai areas are recommended to be cautious in the development and construction of underground space. In addition, this study also provide reference for the purposes of underground space planning in Nanshan District of Shenzhen.

Application of adapted acoustic models for sustainable urban development purposes

Application of adapted acoustic models for sustainable urban development purposes

Sustainable Farmer Development for Agri-Food Supply Chains in Developing Countries

Improving the supplier’s capabilities and relationships with the buyer to improve triple-bottom-line outcomes for multiple actors in the supply chain (including the suppliers and buyers) is the very purpose of sustainable supplier development. We apply the concept of sustainable supplier development in an agri-food context in a developing economy. The study aims to create a theoretical framework that explains how initiatives by buyers (often processors in the agri-food industry) to develop farmers can result in sustainable farmer performance. Collectively, the propositions derived by us via a literature synthesis propose that farmer development leads to farmer capability development and improved relationships (with the buyer), enabling the farmer to achieve sustainable performance (i.e., performance in economic, social, and environmental domains). The importance of the study from a theory building perspective is that the study attempts to reconcile the supply chain management literature on supplier development in tangible goods manufacturing with the agribusiness literature in developing economies whether or not the farmer occupies the bottom of the income pyramid. The study is also important to academia and policymakers because it acts as a forerunner for the further development of the theoretical model and its testing with a large sample of data to interpret what the results imply from practical and theoretical standpoints.

The Motor Activity for the Child's Formation

The purpose of this research work is to highlight the importance that sport has assumed over time for the purpose of sustainable educational and training development for any person. There are, of course, still many basic social and cultural criticalities to be overcome in order to believe in an educational conception of sport that leads to the exaltation of the values inherent in physical activity. The paper aims to promote the educational importance of sport as a function of the social life of any individual.

Educate at School with Motor Activity

The purpose of this research work is to highlight the importance that sport has assumed over time for the purpose of sustainable educational and training development for any person. There are, of course, still many basic social and cultural criticalities to be overcome in order to believe in an educational conception of sport that leads to the exaltation of the values inherent in physical activity. The paper aims to promote the educational importance of sport as a function of the social life of any individual.

Study of the Ecological and Reclamation Condition of Abandoned Saline Lands and Their Development for Sustainable Development Goals

To provide the population with food, it is very important to re-cultivate “abandoned lands” that have been retired from agricultural use. The conversion of arable land into agricultural abandoned lands in the south of Kazakhstan is, first of all, primarily associated with salinity. For the purposes of sustainable development, there is a need to develop proposals for re-mastering by studying their current state and reviewing world studies on the reclamation of salt-affected soils. Therefore, this study is devoted to the study of the current environmental and reclamation conditions of the abandoned areas of the Otyrar region in southern Kazakhstan. The proposed directions of changes in their development were also presented. In the course of the research, the historical method is used in the study of the emergence and formation of abandoned lands; the method of geographical analysis during the territorial analysis of the research object; the statistical and comparison methods in showing the complexity and intensity of the problems; the cartographic, geo-informational and field research (reconnaissance) methods in the study of the condition of the abandoned lands in the research object and methods of grouping and analysis were used in the work with scientific data on the topic of research. Using Sentinel-2 images, the GIS program created phenological dynamics of crops based on NDVI vegetation indices during the vegetation period of the irrigated range. By classifying them, abandoned lands due to salinization were separated from fields. By deciphering space images with the help of geoinformation technologies, it was revealed that the area of abandoned lands in the research object is 13,688.9 ha, including the area of non-saline soils—83.9 ha, weakly saline soils—984.4 ha, medium saline soils—2398.3 ha, and highly saline soils—10,222.1 ha. A review of the methods and technologies proposed by scientists for the development and amelioration of salt-affected lands was made. Taking into account the ecological and reclamation state of the object of research along with the material and technical capabilities of farms, two methods of developing abandoned lands (organic and agro-innovative) in the research object are proposed and the need for their use in case of soil salinization has been scientifically justified.

Digitalization in the conservation of natural resources and sustainable development

Digitalization is the transformation of the processes of human activity into such a form that uses digital technologies. The aim of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of digital technologies used in the conservation of natural resources and sustainable development, and to present the situation in this area in the Republic of Srpska. In the observation processes digital technologies expand the boundaries of cognition by creating new information. By changing the way we look at things, digital technologies change our way of thinking, help us in understanding complex systems and in reasoning. They are an indispensable part of decision support systems, and by automating the process they facilitate the implementation of activities. The first part of this chapter describes the digital technologies used in the process of observation, from the simple to the cognitive sensors, wireless sensor networks, remote sensing, the Internet of things and services in the cloud, and reasoning and decision making supported through digital technologies such as big data technologies, Geographic information system, artificial intelligence and cloud computing. The role of automation and robotics, as well as embedded and cyber-physical systems in the field of conservation of natural resources and sustainable development is presented. The impact of digital technologies on education and access to information in the field of natural resources is also analyzed. Then, in the second part of the chapter, an overview of the state of digitalization in the Republic of Srpska in the segments related to water and mineral resources, land use and cover, forest resources and biodiversity is given. As everywhere in the world, the management of natural resources in Republika Srpska is becoming increasingly complex, because it is necessary to reconcile the need for accelerated economic growth with the preservation of natural resources, to meet the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. On the path to sustainable development, Republika Srpska is making great efforts by acting at the national level and engaging in global initiatives. The activities carried out for the purpose of sustainable development of agriculture, sustainable use of natural resources, in the field of green energy, Industry 4.0 and sustainable tourism, as well as in the field of education and access to informationare presented. For now, the activities are mainly related to the development of information systems, while the application of other digital technologies is at a very low level. It is evident that the exploitation of natural resources, agriculture and a large part of the industry of Republika Srpska continue to rely heavily on outdated methods. A discrepancy was noted between the well-developed information and communication technology sector and the application of digital technologies in the conservation of natural resources and sustainable development. Special attention is paid to the review of scientific research activities in which digital technologies are used for the preservation of natural resources and sustainable development of the Republic of Srpska. The analysis of scientific research activities in this area indicates the fragmentation of research and the small number of multidisciplinary teams, as well as the lack of significant institutional support. In order to make better use of the advantages that digitalization could bring in the preservation of natural resources and sustainable development of Republika Srpska, a multidisciplinary scientific approach and a management policy that is comprehensive, integrated, explicit, open and responsible are needed, as well greater involvement of society as a whole.

Risk Assessment of Industrial Waste: Case of an Algerian Company

More than 300,000 tons of industrial hazardous wastes are produced every year in Algeria. Industrial waste can cause harm to people or the environment. The study highlights the problem of a very important step of the industrial waste management which is the storage. The Algerian regulation does not specify the storage mode of the different industrial wastes. This can cause very dangerous accidents such as fires and explosions. The main research technique is modeling according to a risk analysis tool. Using our assessment method (Preliminary Hazard Analysis), various risk factors can be classified according to their contribution to environmental and human health risks. The goal of this study was to study the risks associated with storing industrial waste and to assist businesses in improving their waste management practices for the purpose of sustainable development. The initial analysis of dangers and the Risk Assessment Matrix show that hazardous wastes like used batteries, used oils, and Askarel transformers can cause serious harm to the environment and humans if not handled safely. They can make the air, water, and soil dirty, and they can also contaminate the fauna and flora.