AIDS Commission Research Articles

“Something must kill a man”: Beliefs about condom use in prevention of Human Papilloma Virus among men at Kpong community

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is highly prevalent among sexually active individuals. A report by the Ghana Aids Commission highlights low condom usage among Ghana's sexually active youth. Despite this, there has been no exploration of views regarding condom use for preventing HPV infection. The purpose of the study was to examine the beliefs about condom use in preventing the human papillomavirus among men at Kpong community. MethodsThe study utilized a qualitative approach with an exploratory design, employing purposive sampling to select 40 participants. Data collection involved face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed through content analysis. ResultsThe study produced three main themes and 8 subthemes. Despite most participants having used condoms before, primarily once (57.5 %) with a preference for “kiss condoms" (42.5 %). The primary reason for condom use was pregnancy prevention (45 %), instead of HPV infections (22.5 %). Most participants rarely used condoms, aiming to enhance sexual pleasure or assuming their partners were HPV-free. Some cited religious reasons, viewing condom use as sinful. ConclusionParticipants commonly do not use condoms to prevent HPV infections. Additionally, men have various religious and personal reasons for not using condoms to protect against HPV and other infections. This underscores the need for increased awareness of HPV transmission among men.

Implementation of HIV/AIDS prevention policies: The study in Bali Province, Indonesia

This paper presents an overview of the policies and efforts of the Provincial Government of Bali, Indonesia, to tackle the development of HIV/AIDS. This study considers the socio-cultural context and analyzes the factors that are most likely to influence its spread, the response of the community, and the local government’s efforts to form Provincial AIDS commission whose movement is supported by the village government and the community to suppress the spread of HIV/AIDS. The authors observe the micro factors that most determine this program, such as attitudes, behaviors, and desires of policy-making actors, stakeholders, implementing organizations, adequacy of human resources, financial funds, information, education, communication, advocacy, regional languages, the role of students, and field workers, and local culture in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS. Therefore, this research does not focus on just one dimension in efforts to deal with this outbreak. Following the application of the public policy theory, all potential contributing elements must be addressed simultaneously. This requires a truly interdisciplinary and multisectoral approach that requires to be comprehended by policymakers in other provinces where the prevalence of HIV/AIDS is quite high. This effort also requires commitment and strong political will from levels of government.

Rethinking the Role of Local AIDS Commission in HIV Prevention After the National AIDS Commission Dissolved

Background: The Indonesian government established a non-structural government agency, named the Indonesian National AIDS Commission (INAC) in 2006 to coordinate HIV prevention programs. However, in 2016, the INAC was dissolved by the Presidential Decree no 124-year 2016. Aims: This research aims to identify the effects and challenges faced by the AIDS commission at the provincial level after the INAC was dissolved. Methods: This research used a qualitative research approach with data collection methods through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews. The number of participants was 18 people, representing the AIDS Commission, governments as well and NGO-based HIV. The data were analyzed thematically and then presented by using a narrative approach. Results: The findings indicated that the duty and role of the Bali Provincial AIDS Commission (BPAC) to coordinate, integrate, and synergize HIV prevention in Bali remain unchanged. However, it is challenging to coordinate AIDS programs at the provincial level due to changes in parent organizations and reduced funding. Conclusion: The findings show that the duty and role of BPAC to coordinate, integrate, and synergize HIV prevention in Bali remain unchanged. However, change in the BPAC structure and funding reduction has an impact on its role as the HIV coordination agency in Bali. Therefore, to enhance its role and function as an HIV program coordinator, BPAC needs to be supported by regulation to support the bureaucratic independence of BPAC, to innovate, and to obtain other sources of financial/funding support apart from local government.

L’organisation de l’aide apportée aux Juifs du côté « aryen » de Varsovie

This article examines how networks on the “Aryan” side of Warsaw secretly helped Jews in hiding. It also discusses the number of Jews the Żegota Jewish Aid Commission was able to assist and did in fact help. The analysis includes examples of how the aid was organized, specifically with respect to the assignments carried out by liaison officers and the commission’s financial capacities.

They Call Me Magic

They Call Me Magic

Vatican Assistance to Soviet Prisoners of War During and After World War II

During the Second World War, the Vatican was active in humanitarian work, setting up its own charitable institutions, among them the Aid Commission. For the first time in Russian historiography, the article examines the principles and methods of its work with Soviet prisoners of war, examines the process of gathering information on their situation and numbers, describes the preparation and distribution of gifts to prisoners of war, states the financial costs of the Commission, examines the views of members of the State Secretariat of the Holy See on the issue of repatriation. The article draws on the materials of the Vatican Apostolic Archives that were opened to researchers in spring 2020: the records of the Aid Commission, the Nunciature and the Congregation for Extraordinary Church Affairs of the 2nd Section of the State Secretariat of the Holy See, which contain information on how the Commission obtained information on POWs and also make it possible to reconstruct the decision-making process on aid issues. The work of the Aid Commission followed the principles of helping those in need and advocating for the protection of human rights. The study identified the mechanism behind the work of the Aid Commission and the key role of the Nuncios in it. Through representatives of the Holy See, icons, religious literature, clothing and symbolic gifts were sent to the camps. The Vatican systematically replenished the Commission's funds towards these needs. In the post-war years, the problem of the forced repatriation of Soviet prisoners of war to the USSR came to the fore.

Mediating Educational Gaps For Refugee Children: The Case Of South Sudanese Children In A Primary School In Addis Ababa

The major purpose of the study was to understand how culturally mediated is the primary education provided for urban South-Sudanese refugee children that are found in Addis Ababa. Qualitative single case study approach was used. Interviews were used to collect data from six South Sudanese refugee students, three teachers, and two vice principals at Hibret Fire primary schools; officers drawn from Development Interchurch Aid Commission (DICAC), United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), and Addis Ababa City Education Bureau. Results of the study indicated almost absence of any attempt to make use of previous educational experiences of the children; low attention to bridging language gaps; and lack of preparation on the part of the schools to teach refugee children. The leadership of the school and the teachers lacked commitment to provide for the special needs of the refugee children. In general, it was learned that no attempt was made to mediate gaps the particular refugee children phase in their education. The study hinted that this undesirable state of primary education delivery might have resulted in the reported behavioral problems, high drop-out rate, low academic achievement, and decreased interest to learn which are rampant among the refugee children.

The Implementation of AIDS Care Community (ACC) Work Program as an Efforts for Handling HIV / AIDS Cases in Poncol Community Health Center Work Area

Introduction: Semarang City has the highest number of HIV / AIDS cases in Central Java. Several attempts to control HIV / AIDS cases, such as the organization for AIDS that is named after AIDS Care Community (ACC) in every village scope. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of the ACC program in Poncol Community Health Center.Methods: This is a descriptive research, uses qualitative methods using in-depth interview for data collection techniques. There are 9 informants who are selected by using purposive sampling method. Data is analyzed using descriptive method. The process of data analysis begins with collecting data, and then reducing the data that has been generated. After that, the data are presented and concluded.Results: The results show that the implementation of ACC program in the work area of Poncol Community Health Center is assisted by Poncol Puskesmas. There is 1 ACC out of 9 ACC that is actively implementing the ACC program while the others are not running well. It is found that low capacity of ACC members, lack of funds, low of support from the local government (village), low community support, inadequate facilities and infrastructure that affect the implementation of ACC programs. Therefore, the output is not achieved optimally.Conclusions: The implementation of the of the ACC program in Poncol Community Health Center work area has not been running optimally. Support from all parties is needed, including from the members of the ACC, local government, AIDS commission, and the community in order to achieve the ACC goals.

The Consistency of Stakeholder Involvement in Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS

Reducing HIV/AIDS case requires collaboration between institutions. However, many institutions that should be involved in handling it do not even notice they are involved. The impact has been an increased in cases and inconsistencies in prevention and control of HIV/AIDS. Accordingly, this study intends to explore why some agencies do not notice their involvement in HIV/AIDS prevention and control. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenology approach due to the reason that the researchers want to comprehend, study in-depth, and elaborate what caused the stakeholders’ loss of consistency in HIV/AIDS prevention and control. The results expose that numerous stakeholders do not notice their agencies are part of the AIDS Commission management because of the following factors: unclear Work System Organization (SOTK), lack of budget availability, and incompatibility of the HIV/AIDS program with the institutions’ strategic planning. Therefore, the consistency of collaboration between stakeholders involved is essential in suppressing HIV/AIDS cases.

Factors Influencing the Intention of Catholic Brides and Grooms to do the Premarital HIV Test as an Attempt to Prevent HIV/AIDS in Semarang City

Semarang Health Office in 2019 recorded the age group of 25-49 years old as the most group of people with HIV. Ironically, the productive age group is the asset of the nation, also considered as the ideal group for marriage so that premarital preparation is required to result in a healthy household. On the other hand, Catholic Church has a requirement for brides and grooms to participate in Wedding Preparation Course (KPP) and is expected to increase knowledge about the household readiness as well as encourage a willingness to do the premarital HIV test as a step of wedding preparation. This study aims to analyse factors influencing the intention of catholic brides and grooms to do the premarital HIV test. The results of the study showed that the variables that influenced the intention to do premarital HIV test were knowledge (α=0.005), behavioural beliefs (α=0.004), attitude (α=0.002), subjective norms (α=0.002), and behaviour control (α=0.007). The results of multivariate analysis showed that the most influential variables were knowledge (OR=5.222), continued by subjective norms (OR=4.631), and behavioural beliefs (OR=3.825). It is suggested that KPP can collaborate with Health Office, AIDS Commission (KPA), or Non-Governmental Organization (LSM) by conducting a sharing session.

GAMBARAN STIGMA PADA PROGRAM KERJA WARGA PEDULI AIDS/WPA TERHADAP PEKERJA SEKSUAL (STUDI PADA WPA X DI KOTA SEMARANG)

The group formed by the government as community participation in order to ward off the HIV/AIDS called Warga Peduli AIDS/WPA (literary means local residents concerned about AIDS). One of the objectives of this strategy is that no more stigma which hampers HIV/AIDS prevention, PLWHA status in X village is not open yet, but WPA as the main exertion of HIV/AIDS prevention is not expected to have a stigma on the high-risk group. This qualitative descriptive research used a purposive sampling method in determining research subject which are 7 WPA members. The data were taken from in-depth interviews. The validity test in this research were conducted on 3 triangulation subjects such as AIDS Commissions (KPA), the risk group which are sexual worker and public health center. The reliability test is done by auditing data to determine the suitability of research, with look at the focus of research, determining research subjects, collecting research data, analyzing data, testing validity with triangulation subjects, and making research conclusions, and make sure that question is asked several time get a same answer from subject. The results showed that in the planning and the implementation of WPA program, the stigma and discrimination in WPA members were still found, and must be reduced because WPA as community participation in order to ward off the HIV/AIDS. The forms of stigma is the presumption of sexual workers are not devout, even though religiosity is a side that shown to family and God only, intentionally transmitting diseases because of spite with not using condom and not want to be checked if they feel sick, differing in how they dress, ethics, words, and it making presumption that sexual worker hard to be approached.

Influence Of HIV/AIDS Policy Implementation Factors on The Performance Of Aids Commission (KPA) In Nabire Regency

Papua Province comes first nationally with the highest number of HIV/AIDS cases in Indonesia. Meanwhile at the provincial level, Nabire Regency has the highest number of HIV and AIDS cases. The HIV epidemic in Nabire Regency is classified as a generalized epidemic with the highest prevalence of cases among women, which is said to be the highest in Papua Province. The problem of HIV / AIDS is not only a health problem, but also a social problem that needs to be addressed. This has led to the formulation of public policies in the form of HIV / AIDS prevention policies. The establishment of AIDS Commission in Nabire Regency (KPAK Nabire) is one of the government's efforts to involve the general public in helping to tackle HIV / AIDS cases in Nabire Regency. In connection with the phenomenon of the problem at hand, this study aims to analyze the influence of policy implementation factors on organizational performance.
 This study applied primary data obtained through questionnaires with a final sample of 80 respondents. Data analysis was done to describe the variables using SPSS Statistics, to evaluate the research model using the SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) technique, and to test the mediation effect using the Sobel test.
 The results showed that only resource factors, bureaucratic structure, communication and disposition of the implementors that directly and indirectly influence the performance of KPAK Nabire. Meanwhile, environmental conditions did not affect the performance of KPAK Nabire. The implementor disposition mediates the influence of the factors of policy implementation on organizational performance. The analysis results also show that disposition of the implementor is the most dominant predictor of KPAK Nabire's performance.

The effect of health counselling about HIV/AIDS stigma among prisoners in the women's prison in class II A Tangerang

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of health counseling on HIV/AIDS stigma among prisoners at the Women's Prison. The research was conducted using a pre-experimental with one group pretest-posttest design. The sample using purposive sampling and consisted of 30 inmates. Health education was using lectures and media leaflets. Analyses were conducted using dependent t-tests. Prior to receiving health education, just over half of the sample reported high levels of stigma (n=17, 56.7%). After the health counseling, the majority of the sample reported low levels of stigma (n=25, 83.3%). The results indicate that health education about HIV/AIDS had a positive influence on the stigma levels of prison inmates at the Women's Prison (p<0.05). Women's prisons can collaborate with the health department or related agencies through the AIDS Commission to provide regular counseling about HIV/AIDS.

Motherhood, labor, and anti-fascism: the construction of refugee identity by Spanish women exiled in France, 1939–1976

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze how Spanish refugee identity emerged in France, the basis on which it was built, and the way the gender gap exerted an influence in its creation. For this purpose, we have examined the correspondence sent by women to three relief bodies offering assistance in exile (the Aid Commission for Spanish Refugee Children in France, the Evacuation Service of Spanish Refugees, and Spanish Democratic Solidarity) and attempted to demonstrate that, despite being an identity imposed in part by vicissitudes, institutions and organizations that assisted refugees, it was also an identity that was built, appropriated and reshaped by women for their own benefit. We argue that gender was a constitutive element of this new identity and that, in light of the analyzed material, it was developed on the basis of at least three factors: motherhood, labor and anti-fascism.

HIV/AIDS treatment funding system to support the people affected by HIV/AIDS in Surakarta, Indonesia

ABSTRACT People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA's) quality of life (QoL) is determined by the lifetime treatment sustainability. Republic of Indonesia Minister of Health's Decree Number 328 of 2003 stated that government subsidies the PLWHA's medication and treatment, despite not covering entire medication and treatment cost. The objective of research was to analyse the cost assumed by PLWHA in accessing HIV/AIDS treatment service in Surakarta, Indonesia. The target group in this case study was PLWHAs, and related stakeholders of medical treatment in one of Public Health Centers and a Public Hospital in Surakarta; AIDS Commission of Surakarta City; Solo Plus Peer Support Group and AIDS-Care NGO selected purposively. Data collection was carried out using observation, in-depth interview, and documentation. Method and data source triangulations were used to validate data that was then analysed using Grossman's Demand for Health Capital theory. The result of research showed that the sources of HIV/AIDS treatment cost were self-income, Social Insurance Administration Organization (BPJS) fund and Local Government subsidy. Admission and physican services are given for free to PLWHA because it has been paid by BPJS Fund or has been subsidied by Local Government. Otherwise, they should pay registration cost of IDR 50,000, in Public Hospital and IDR 75,000 in Private Hospital. Physician service costs IDR 50,000–IDR 200,000. VCT Counsellor costs IDR 35,000-IDR 150,000. Non-Subsidy ARV costs IDR 687,000. 1 bottle containing 60 TB meningitis drug capsules costs IDR 145,000 for 10–20 d use and maximally IDR 210,000, while herpes drug costs IDR 295,000. CD4 examination costs IDR 126,000-IDR 297,000, RNA Viral load IDR 1,275,000–IDR 1,471,000, Haematology IDR 60,000-IRD 90,000, Cholesterol and triglyceride IDR 100,000-IDR 250,000, and SGOT/SGPT IDR 100,000–IDR 200,000. There is monthly non-medical cost the patient should spend, including transportation cost to go to health centre, and food, beverage, and newspaper cost while waiting for the service. BPJS fund and local government subsidy relieved health economic burden of PLWHAs, so that the average HIV/AIDS treatment cost in PLWHAs was relatively low, less than 10% of expense. National Insurance System including BPJS fund and local government subsidy as the answer to the integration of HIV/AIDS treatment funding management into national insurance system had provided PLWHA a funding access involving prevention, care, support, and treatment, and mitigated the effect despite less optimum.

Desentralisasi Pelaksanaan Program Penaggulangan HIV/AIDS di Kota Makassar

The availability of qualified and professional health human resources (HRH) will greatly determine the success of implementing decentralization. This study aims to examine decentralization in the HIV / AIDS prevention program in Makassar City. This study uses a qualitative research method with a case study design. The informants in this study were the Chairperson of the Provincial AIDS Commission (KPAP) of South Sulawesi Province, the holder of the HIV-AIDS program at the Puskesmas, and the Head of the NGO organization concerned with HIV-AIDS in Makassar. The selection of informants in this study used the snowball technique. The data analysis technique in this study used qualitative data analysis. The results showed that human resources for the HIV / AIDS program in Makassar City had been fulfilled and were in accordance with the qualifications consisting of doctors, nurses, laboratories, pharmacists, and public health workers. Community empowerment in HIV / AIDS prevention has been running so that cadres are formed in the field but this empowerment has not been maximized in its implementation. In order for the decentralization of the HIV / AIDS prevention program to run optimally, stakeholder cooperation is needed in its implementation to run well to reduce cases of HIV / AIDS in Makassar City and it is necessary to strengthen the role of community empowerment in preventing the spread of HIV / AIDS cases. Keywords: Decentralization, Prevention Program, HIV / AIDS, Makassar City

Decentralization Implementation of HIV/Aids Programs in the Province of South Sulawesi

In Indonesia, South Sulawesi Province is among the top 10 highest cases nationally and is among the thirdhighest in Eastern Indonesia after Papua and Bali. This study aims to examine the decentralization of HIV/AIDS prevention programs in the Southern Province. This research uses qualitative research method witha case study design. Data collection was carried out in South Sulawesi Province, including: Makassar Cityand Sidrap Regency. The location selection was based on the focus of HIV/AIDS prevention and control inSouth Sulawesi Province, the category of the core area. The informants in this study were the Chairpersonof the Provincial AIDS Commission (KPAP) of South Sulawesi Province, the Chairperson of the RegionalAIDS Commission (KPAD), the holder of the Puskesmas HIV-AIDS program and the Chair of the NGOorganization concerned with HIV-AIDS in each region. The selection of informants in this study used thesnowball technique. The results showed that the financing of the HIV/AIDS program in South SulawesiProvince came from the local government, the central government and assistance from abroad. Humanresources for the HIV/AIDS program in South Sulawesi Province, the core focus of Makassar City andSidrap Regency have been fulfilled and are in accordance with the qualifications consisting of doctors,nurses, laboratories, pharmacists and community health workers. HIV/AIDS logistics are provided by thecentral government Provincial health offices, with a one-stop system. Community empowerment in HIV/AIDS prevention has been running so that cadres are formed; cadres in the field but this empowerment hasnot been maximally implemented. In order for the decentralization of the HIV/AIDS prevention programto run optimally, stakeholder cooperation is needed in its implementation so that the number of HIV/AIDScases in the province of South Sulawesi, especially in core areas such as Makassar City and Sidrap Regency,can decrease.

System Context and Drivers Contributing to Collaborative Governance in Coping with HIV/AIDS in Surakarta Indonesia

Collaborative governance in coping with HIV/AIDS has been ineffective, thus HIV/AIDS case increases in number continuously. This research aimed to analyze system context and drivers contributing to collaborative governance in coping with HIV/AIDS in Surakarta Indonesia. The target groups of this explorative research were government, non-government, and community contributing to HIV/AIDS management in Surakarta. Observation, in-depth interview and documentation techniques were used to collect primary and secondary data, and then data validity and reliability were tested using source and method triangulations. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive model of analysis with Parsons’ functional structural theory. The result of research showed ineffective collaborative governance between Surakarta AIDS Commission, Work Group, Health Office, NGO, and Citizens Caring about AIDS, because of stakeholders’ less optimal commitment and participation in coping with HIV/AIDS, poor coordination between stakeholders, communication, information, and education of HIV/AIDS still limited to and not reaching entire community, and inadequate non-transparent budget still dependent on donor institution in conducting activities. These both inhibit and encourage dynamic collaboration. Collaborative governance of HIV/AIDS management can develop in optimal resource context, clear legal framework and deal with political dynamic and inter-actor conflict issues, community-government relation, conducive social-economic network and condition.

Edukasi HIV/AIDS “Gerakan 1000 Remaja Millenial Peduli Odha” (Gerserha) di MA Al-Mukhtariyah Kabupaten Bandung Barat

Based on the analysis of the AIDS Commission (KPA) in West Bandung District until July 2019, there were 379 cases of HIV/AIDS with 56 new cases. As many as 53% are involved in free sexual relations, while 52% occur at the age of 21-29 years and 33% are found in the sexual or gay community which also triggers HIV/AIDS transmission and becomes the second largest after heterosexuality. To achieve success, a three zero program needs to be innovative and continuous to increase knowledge about HIV/AIDS in adolescents through counseling to prevent the spread of infection early on. The movement of 1000 Millennial Youth Caring PLWHA is expected to be able to introduce and publish Youth Reproductive Health to prevent sexual freedom that can prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS transmission because adolescent behavior is influenced by their knowledge and attitude regarding reproductive health and HIV / AIDS. The target of this movement is high school teenagers in West Bandung District. The first activity was carried out at MA Al-Mukhtariyah Mande KBB. The activity was carried out in the form of counseling using PowerPoint media, leaflets and videos. Pre-test and post-test carried out before and after the activity which is one form of evaluation of the direct output of this activity. Pre-test and post-test results showed a significant increase from the average pre-test results of 63.8 and post-test results of 89.4. This shows that counseling activities are effective in increasing students' knowledge about HIV and AIDS (p &lt;0.005).

Patient Rights Protection of tuberculosis (TB) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) on integrated Health Services National Health insurance in Semarang

Everyone has the right to JKN integrated health care including TB-HIV patients. This study aims to determine the regulation of the right to health care in TB-HIV patients, the implementation of protection of the rights to health care in TB-HIV patients and the factors that influence the implementation of protection of the rights to health care in TB-HIV patients. The research was conducted in Semarang City, throughout health care offices and health care institutions, as follows, the BPJS Office in Semarang City Branch, Semarang City Health Office, Kariadi Hospital, KMRT Wongsonegoro Hospital, Panti Wilasa Dr.Cipto Hospital, Lebdosari Health Center, Halmahera Health Center, Private Practice (DPM), NGO Peduli Kasih, NGO Aisyah and the AIDS Commission (KPA). This study used a sociological juridical approach with analytical descriptive specifications. The data used are primary data and secondary data through field studies and literature studies. The study used the purposive sampling /non-random sampling method. This study chose a population that includes TB-HIV patients in health care facilities in the city of Semarang. The method of presenting data is done in narrative form, tables, and charts. In this sociological approach study, whose data mainly is in narrative descriptions, the data analysis used is qualitative. The result of the study indicates that the regulation regarding health care services for TB-HIV patients has already existed for both in general and specifically. Protection of rights to JKN integrated health service for TB-HIV patients has been obtained. It can also be seen that the right to obtain the health services has been regulated and implemented however, the implementation of the right to health insurance for TB-HIV patients has not been regulated in legislation. Factors that influence are juridical, sociological and technical factors. The juridical factors that influence are the existence of regulations regarding TB and HIV however separately. Sociological factors that influence are the presence of stigma in the family, community and health workers. Furthermore, the technical factors are the absence of socialization to health workers regarding regulations and technical manuals related to TB-HIV.