Aidi Research Articles

AVICS-Eco Framework: An Approach to Attack Prediction and Vulnerability Assessment in a Cyber Ecosystem

In the light of recent cyber-attacks, it has become imperative for organizations to predict breaches in an accurate and comprehensive manner. In this study, we assess the impact of the external environment as well as factors internal to the organization. We propose the AVICS-Eco Framework to (i) predict cyber-attacks in organizations, (ii) assess critical vulnerabilities, (iii) aid IS managers to plan security investments, and, (iv) decide what to patch and when to patch. We validated our model using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling. We have used CSI-FBI, Ponemon and Checkpoint Survey data from 1997 to 2015. As a recommendation, CTOs should be cautious with the vulnerable software of specific categories. We derived that software vendors need to prioritize patches on Networks before Operating Systems. Firewalls were found to be superior in comparison to anti-viruses. Finally, we found limited support for cybersecurity legal provisions as attack inhibitors in the United States.

Radiotherapy combined with AiDi for asopharynx cancer and the prognostic factor

Objective To investigate the efficacy of AiDi for nasopharynx cancer.Methods Patients with nasopharynx cancer were randomly assigned to experiment group and control group.And the experiment group were treated with AiDi and rediochemotherapy while the control group took only radiochemotheapy.After the whole therapy,the MRI of nasopharynx,EBV-DNA,blood test,weight were tested.And the data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 software.Results The EBV-DNA in the experiment group were obviously reduced,but there was no statistical difference in CR.Conclusions AiDi could reduce the EBV-DNA and EBV Virus titer,but it can' t improve the remission rate. Key words: AiDi; Nasopharynx cancer

Randomly comparative study on the therapeutic effects of Fufangkushen injection and Aidi injection on improving quality of life for patients with advanced lung cancer

Objective To explore and compare the therapeutic effects of Fufangkushen injection and Aidi injection on improving quality of life for patients with advanced lung cancer. Methods 60 patients in late stage of lung cancer with pathological diagnosis were split into two groups randomly. 30 patients in Kushen group received Fufangkushen injection plus base therapy, 30 patients in Aidi group received Aidi injection plus base therapy.The data was analyzed on term of tumour size,clinical symptoms,Karnofsky score,cancer marker CA125,CEA,before and after treatment in two groups.The therapeutic effects were evaluated after two circles of treatment. Results Compared the short term therapeutic effect, Kushen group had the stability rate for 83.3 ％(25/30),and 80.0 ％(24/30) for Aidi group.There was no significant difference.(P＞0.05).Compare the clinical therapeutic effect,Kushen group had the improving rate for 83.3 ％(25/30),and 80.0 ％(24/30) for Aidi group.There was no significant difference(P＞0.05).Compare the Karnofsky score,two groups had equal increasing stability rate (P＞0.05). Compare decreasing ratio of CEA and CA125 after treatment in two groups,there was no significant difference (P＞0.05). Conclusion Fufangkushen injection and Aidi injection both have acceptable therapeutic effects in the treatment of patients with later stage lung cancer.The result is equal. As well as they have some other characters themselves to improve lung cancer related symptoms. Fufangkushen injection is better to improve symptoms of heat toxin, and Aidi injection is better to improve symtoms of deficiency Qi. For Fufangkushen injection, it can also adjust disorder of liver function and relieve pain. Key words: Lung neoplasms; TCM therapy; Aidi injection; Fufangkushen injection

Effect of Aidi injection combined with chemotherapy on CD+4CDhi25CDlow127 regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer

Objective To investigate the effect of Aidi injection combined with chemotherapy on CD+4CDhi25CDlow127regulatory T (Treg) cells in peripheral blood of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods Sixty patients with advanced NSCLC were randomly divided into the study group (treated with Aidi injection combined with chemotherapy) and the control group (treated with chemotherapy).The levels of CD+4CDhi25CDlow127Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM), and TGF-β1 and IL-10 levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and after chemotherapy. A group consisted of 20 healthy persons was set up meanwhile.Results There was a significantly higher percentage of CD+4CDhi25CDlow127Treg cells in patients with NSCLC (5.77±1.50) % than that(3.84±0.96) % of healthy volunteers (P=0.000).The IL-10 and TGF-β1 levels[(24.09±6.74), (197.76±43.76) ng/ml]in the serum of patients with NSCLC were also significantly higher than that[(19.39±5.73), (141.13±32.17) ng/ml]of healthy volunteers (P =0.006,P =0.002). In control group, levels of CD+4CDhi25CDlow127 Treg cells were obviously lower than that before chemotherapy (P =0.048).Levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10[(22.25±6.79), (184.85±49.11) ng/ml]were slightly decreased, which showed no significant difference contrast to pretherapy[(24.37±8.10), (197.16±44.57) ng/ml](P =0.276, P =0.314).In study group, levels of CD+4CDhi25CDlow127Treg cells and TGF-β1, IL-10[(4.36±1.19) %,(20.16±4.73), (165.42±39.57) ng/ml]were obviously lower than that before chemotherapy[(5.78±1.50) %,(23.81±5.15), (198.35±43.68) ng/ml](P=0.000, P=0.003, P =0.006).Conclusion The CD+4CDhi25CDlow127 Treg cells in the peripheral blood of advanced NSCLC patients is significantly increased. Aidi injection combined with chemotherapy can obviously reduce the level of CD+4CDhi25CDlow127 Treg cells in patients with advanced NSCLC, and the combined therapy could improve the immune function of patients. Key words: Carcinoma, non-small-cell lung; Drug therapy; T-lymphocytes, regulatory

Clinical study of Aidi injection combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer

Objective To determine the clinical efficacy of the combination of Aidi injection and chemotherapy in patients of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods One hundred and twenty three patients with stage ⅢB/Ⅳ NSCLC complying with diagnosis standard were eligible.Those patients were randomly divided into treatment group (63 patients) and control group (60 patients). Both of groups received NP regimens( NVB 25 mg/m2, ivgtt, d1,d8; DDP 25 mg/m2, ivgtt, d1-3, watering). In treatment group,patients received Aidi injection (50 ml, ivgtt, d1-10) combined with NP regimens. Then some indexes were observed, including outcomes in the overall response rates, adverse drug reaction, quality of life. Results In treatment group, outcomes in the overall response rates were 50.8 %, 5 patients were completely remitted(CR),27 patients were partly remitted(PR). In control group, outcomes in the overall response rates were 35.0 %(3 CR, 18 PR). Gastrointestinal reaction and bone marrow depression of treatment group was lower than control group. Quality of life of treatment group was higher than control group. The difference was significant between two groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion This Aidi injection plus chemotherapy combination is effective against NSCLC with mild toxicities and quality of life can be improved. Key words: Carcinoma, non-small-cell lung; Antineoplastic combined chemotherapy protocols

Astragalus-Based Chinese Herbs and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials

Systemic treatments for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer have low efficacy and high toxicity. Some Chinese herbal medicines have been reported to increase chemotherapy efficacy and reduce toxicity. In particular, Astragalus has been shown to have immunologic benefits by stimulating macrophage and natural killer cell activity and inhibiting T-helper cell type 2 cytokines. Many published studies have assessed the use of Astragalus and other Chinese herbal medicines in combination with chemotherapy. We sought to evaluate evidence from randomized trials that Astragalus-based Chinese herbal medicine combined with platinum-based chemotherapy (versus platinum-based chemotherapy alone) improves survival, increases tumor response, improves performance status, or reduces chemotherapy toxicity. We searched CBM, MEDLINE, TCMLARS, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CCRCT databases for studies in any language. We grouped studies using the same herbal combinations for random-effects meta-analysis. Of 1,305 potentially relevant publications, 34 randomized studies representing 2,815 patients met inclusion criteria. Twelve studies (n = 940 patients) reported reduced risk of death at 12 months (risk ratio [RR] = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.87). Thirty studies (n = 2,472) reported improved tumor response data (RR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.46). In subgroup analyses, Jin Fu Kang in two studies (n = 221 patients) reduced risk of death at 24 months (RR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.68) and in three studies (n = 411) increased tumor response (RR = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.53). Ai Di injection (four studies; n = 257) stabilized or improved Karnofsky performance status (RR = 1.28; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.46). Astragalus-based Chinese herbal medicine may increase effectiveness of platinum-based chemotherapy when combined with chemotherapy. These results require confirmation with rigorously controlled trials.

Glutathione mixed disulfides and heterogeneity of chicken hemoglobins

1. 1. Adult chicken hemoglobins Hb A and Hb D interact with glutathione disulfide, GSSG. The major hemoglobin, Hb A, forms at least two new components, termed GHb AI and GHb AII, and Hb D forms at least one, GHb DI. 2. 2. At pH 8.0 and 5°C, glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in a molar excess of 50 x took 6 days to complete the reaction, although at pH 8.6 and 41°C only 1 hr was needed, where the hemoglobins Hb A and Hb D were converted to their most mobile forms GHb AII and GHb DI. 3. 3. Slight molar excess (2.7 GSSG/Hb, pH 7.4, 41°C), reacting for 1 hr, showed extensive formation of GHb AI and GHb AII. 4. 4. Electrophoretic patterns, from the reaction products of 54 GSSG/Hb excess at different times, showed a marked pH dependence. 5. 5. Titration with pCMB ( p-chloromercuribezoic acid) of DTE (dithioerythrytol)-reduced samples showed 8.0 ± 0.4 ( N = 5) -SH (sulfhydryl) per tetramer. In hemolysates not reacted with DTE, 6.0 ± 0.4 ( N = 3) -SH were detected. 6. 6. DTE-reduced and GSSG-reacted hemoglobins showed 4.6 ± 0.5 ( N = 7) -SH and 1.5 ± 0.4 ( N = 6) -SH, respectively, as titrated by DTNB, pH 8.0. DTE-reduced hemoglobins showed four fast-reacting -SH groups, no longer present in GSSG-reacted hemoglobins. 7. 7. Our data indicate that chicken GHb AI and GHb DI probably have two glutathionyl residues per tetramer whereas GHb AII has four. 8. 8. The exceptionally high glutathione content in chicken erythrocytes (Smith J. E. 1974 J. Lab. clin. Med. 83, 444–450.), combined with the easy formation of glutathionyl hemoglobin, certainly seem to be the most common cause of the so-called “additional heterogeneity” of chicken hemoglobins (Lee K. S. Chuang P. C. and Cohen B. H. 1975. Biochim. biophys. Acta 427, 178–196).

Une propriete arithmetique de certains operateurs differentiels

Define\(D = \frac{d}{{dx}}\) and let L(D)=∑ai(x)Di∈φ[x][D] be a linear differential operator with polynomial coefficients. G. POLYA for L(D)=D and D. CANTOR for L(D)=P(xD), P∈φ[x] proved that if u∈ℤ[[x]] is such that L(D)(u) is a rational function, then u is also a rational function.