AIDS Attitudes Research Articles

Ideology, financial circumstances, and attitudes toward public and private foreign aid

Does ideology influence voter preferences for foreign aid in the same way it does for domestic redistribution? Economically vulnerable left-leaning citizens, who are normatively strong proponents of government aid, may not be as committed to increasing actual spending. Such citizens may see themselves as competing with the foreign poor for domestic resources. Similarly, while affluent right-leaning citizens may oppose increasing foreign aid due to skepticism about government spending, this might not extend to private donations. Instead, they may view non-governmental organizations and charities as alternatives that leverage private expertise to assist poor countries. Using four years of public opinion data from 15 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development donor countries, I find support for the conditional effect of ideology and economic self-interest on both public and private aid attitudes. By focusing on three different measures—the morality of aid, public aid spending, and private donations—I further explore variations in aid attitudes.

Examining attitudes to uptake and sustainment of technology among care aides in the delivery of care: a scoping review protocol

IntroductionCare aides are health workers who deliver hands-on care to patients across the healthcare continuum. The use of technology in healthcare delivery is increasing, and evidence regarding how care aides’...

Migracja do Polski zza wschodniej granicy w latach 2015–2023 w opinii społeczeństwa, władz państwowych i przedstawicieli Kościoła katolickiego

Migration is currently one of the greatest global problems, which has to be dealt with not only by states or their communities, but also by non-state entities operating in the world, including churches and religious associations, which in countries such as Poland have a very strong social resonance. The Catholic Church, on the basis of centuries of heritage, benefits in this sphere from the teaching of successive popes, which, rooted in aid attitudes, is a response to the actions of the state, encouraging the faithful to attitudes in line with the Christian spirit. This article, through an analysis of sources - historical documents, discourse and statistical data - answers the question of how the Catholic Church, state authorities and society in Poland have responded to migration into the country from the East in 2015–2023 period, presenting similarities and differences existing in the statements and opinions of state authorities, Church representatives and society in Poland.

Ideology at the Water’s Edge: Explaining Variation in Public Support for Foreign Aid

To explain variation in foreign aid levels and attitudes in donor countries, past research emphasizes the importance of values related to the welfare state such as economic ideology. Scholars argue that liberals support redistribution at home in the form of a strong welfare state and redistribution abroad in the form of foreign aid. Yet, the conditions under which values related to domestic politics translate to issues of foreign policy remain undertheorized. I argue that economic ideology interacts with foreign policy orientation – individuals’ placement along the internationalist/isolationist spectrum – to shape foreign aid attitudes and outcomes. Using original data from surveys fielded in the U.S., UK, and Norway, as well as data on foreign aid spending levels, I show that the relationship between ideology and foreign aid is conditional on foreign policy orientation. The effect is driven by isolationist liberals whose support for redistribution stops at the water’s edge.

Determination of Women’s Level of Knowledge and Attitudes towards AIDS

Objective: This study aims to determine women’s level of knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. Method: Cross-sectional design was used for this study. It included women who were aged 18 to 65 years and registered in FHCs (Family Health Centers) a city in eastern Turkey between May and August 2021. Women registered in these centers meeting the research criteria consisted of the target population, and the sample was 384 women selected using the sampling method with an unknown target population. Data collection was performed using the Personal Information Form, the AIDS Knowledge Scale, and the AIDS Attitude Scale. Results: Participating women’s average age was 26.91±9.20, and 74.7% reportedly heard about HIV/AIDS before; 62.5% knew about HIV/AIDS; and 75.8% of these women obtained information from friends, social circle, or media. The HIV/AIDS Knowledge Scale mean score of the group was 7.81±4.92, and the HIV/AIDS Attitude Scale mean score was 53.38±10.23. The HIV/AIDS Knowledge Scale mean was significantly higher in university graduates, in those worked and reportedly knew about HIV/AIDS (p<0.05). University graduates’ HIV/AIDS Attitude Scale mean was significantly higher (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that higher education level had a positive effect on knowledge and attitude toward HIV/AIDS. Public health nurses could organize education programs about the issue by using appropriate materials and methods for women with low education levels.

Validation of the attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS scale in nursing students

BackgroundOne of the environments where people living with HIV/AIDS should feel safer is in the health care setting; however, scientific evidence has identified discriminatory behaviour on the part of health care professionals towards these people. The reduction or abolition of discriminatory practices requires, first of all, to know the attitudes of nursing students towards AIDS with tools appropriate to the socio-cultural context of the disease. The objectives of this study are to update the AIDS Attitudes Scale for Nursing Students (EASE) by adapting it to the sociocultural landscape and to analyse the reliability and structural validity of the new scale.MethodsThe results of the questionnaires answered by 213 undergraduate nursing students from the Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta (University of Granada) were analysed. Reliability (test-retest, n = 33) and validity (n = 180) tests were carried out.ResultsAn exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a four-factor model was the most parsimonious solution. Items were examined for their underlying relationships and labelled: professional practice, social integration, partner and family, and benevolent stigma. The new scale yielded a McDonald’s Omega coefficient (ω) of 0.893. Convergent validity was established for average variance extracted per factor greater than 0.5 and divergent validity when the variance retained by each factor is greater than the variance shared between them (average variance extracted per factor > ϕ2).ConclusionsThe new scale is a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS in nursing students.

Exploring nursing students' attitudes towards patients affected by HIV/AIDS. Does nursing curriculum need any improvement? The results of a European multicentre study

BackgroundCaring for people with HIV/AIDS is a challenging issue for nursing students, involving sometimes misconceptions due to different cultural, political, and religious views. Aim: the aim of this study was to investigate nursing students' attitudes on caring for people with HIV/AIDS.MethodsA convenient sample of undergraduate nursing students enrolled in four European universities was recruited. Data were collected by administering the AIDS Attitude Scale (AAS) and analysed through parametric and non-parametric statistics. The sample consisted of 594 students of which 162 (27.3%) were English, 246 (41.4%) Italian and 186 (31.3%) Greek.ResultsStudents' attitudes toward HIV/AIDS patients were relatively positive, although most of them indicated fear of contracting HIV through clinical practice. Students' positive feelings for HIV/AIDS patients were also correlated with the strong willingness to take care of them.ConclusionsA significant part of the participants believed that HIV/AIDS make nursing a high-risk profession. Furthermore, students' misconceptions were not limited to clinical practice. Students were in general well-disposed towards this patients' population but there was still stigma associated with this condition. A new educational approach may help redefining students' attitudes and improving quality of nursing care. Further investigation would help in shading light on why students are still biased in approaching those patients.

Aid attitudes in short- and long-term perspectives among Ukrainian migrants and Poles during the Russian war in 2022.

The aim of this article is to diagnose aid attitudes among those who potentially need help-help receivers, i. e., Ukrainian refugees-and help givers, i.e., Poles and Ukrainian labor migrants, during the initial stage of the escalation of the Russian war in 2022. By aid attitudes, we mean approaches to both the offering and the acceptance of help during the war in the short and long term. We conducted a small-scale exploratory web survey (Computer-Assisted Web Interview-computer-assisted interview using a website) from March to June 2022, in which the main aims were to explore the needs and offers for both, short- and long-term aid and the gaps between them. Respondents were asked about different types of aid without indicating from whom they wanted to receive this help: the state, NGOs or individuals offering their help. The survey results show discrepancies in what migrants need and what is offered to them in Poland, both from the short and long-term perspectives.

Knowledge of HIV/AIDS and the clinical and sexual practices of dental students

The aim of the study was to assess knowledge of HIV/AIDS and the clinical and sexual practices of dental students. This was a cross-sectional study in which a self-administered questionnaire about age, gender, and dental program term; knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention; use of personal protective equipment; prevention and occurrence of accidental exposure to biological material; post-exposure conduct; and sexual behavior was answered by dental students (n = 148, answer rate of 91.9%). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses (chi-square and Fisher's exact tests) were performed, at a significance level of 5%. Students correctly recognized the routes of HIV transmission, including “blood” (100%), “sexual.3%). Regarding frequency of condom use during sexual intercourse, 37% of dental students said “always,” 55.5% “sometimes” and 7.6% “never”. Regarding clinical practices, 99.3% of dental students said they used personal protective equipment, 28.4% had intercourse” (99.3%), “vertical transmission” (58.1%) and “sharing contaminated material” (94.6%), and ways of prevention, including “condom use” (100%) and “not sharing needles and syringes” (99suffered percutaneous injuries, the needle was the most cited exposure agent (32.5%) and in most cases (54.8%), no providences were taken after the accident. In conclusion, the students had good knowledge of HIV / AIDS and appropriate preventive attitudes in clinical care and handling of sharp instruments; however, they still need to be motivated with regard to condom use and oriented about care after accidental exposure to biological material.

Psychometric evaluation of the Health Care Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale (HPASS) using Rasch analysis

IntroductionThe role of pharmacists is crucial in the care of individuals with HIV/AIDS. However, stigma in health care settings can be a deterrent to providing appropriate care. This paper assessed psychometric properties and convergent validity of the Health Care Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale (HPASS) among pharmacy students in the United States (US) using Rasch analysis. MethodsStudents enrolled in four US universities were administered the survey (N = 203). Rasch analysis was conducted for each HPASS subscale (Stereotyping, Discrimination, and Prejudice) to assess dimensionality, model data fit, item difficulty, individual stigma, distribution of items and persons across item-person map, and rating scale function. Convergent validity evidence was established by comparing Pearson's correlation coefficients between HPASS subscales and the AIDS Attitude Scale (AAS) Avoidance subscale. ResultsTwo items in the Prejudice subscale were misfit and therefore removed. The 6-point rating scale did not perform satisfactorily for HPASS subscales. Item difficulty ranges were wide [Stereotyping (−5 to 0.8 logits), Discrimination (−6 to 1 logits), Prejudice (−5 to 0.4 logits)]. Items were biased towards measuring higher levels of stigma. Person separation index was satisfactory (Stereotyping = 2.2; Discrimination = 2.06; Prejudice = 2.17) as was person separation reliability (Stereotyping = 0.83; Discrimination = 0.81; Prejudice = 0.83). Convergent validity was established by showing significant correlations between HPASS subscales and AAS Avoidance (P < .001). ConclusionsModifying or removing misfit items of HPASS and exploring alternate rating scales for HPASS subscales will help better assess HIV/AIDS related stigma among pharmacy students.

Personal And Behavioural Characteristics And Risk Of HIV Transmission Among Men And Women In An Urban Fishing Setting In Ghana

Background: HIV surveillance surveys are designed to track trends in HIV and AIDS related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours in sub-populations at particular risk of infection and link the behaviour to biological surveillance. This survey determined personal characteristics, high risk sexual behaviours and HIV perception and testing experience among men and women in an urban fishing community in Ghana.Methods: A cross-sectional community survey was conducted in 2013 among men and women in two fishing communities (Chorkor and James Town) in Accra. In all, 554 subjects (≥18 years) were involved, 264 in Chorkor and 290 in James Town. Data on personal and behavioural characteristics, high risk sexual behaviours, HIV perception and testing experience among men and women were collected with a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Chi square test were used for the analysis at 95% significant level, using SPSS version 21.Results: Of 554 subjects, 329 (59.4%) were females, and median age was 32 years. A higher proportion of women had no formal education, relatively more men were employed and earned statistically significant higher monthly income than women (72.2% vs. 65.9%, p&lt; 0.001). More working men were involved in itinerant occupations compared to women (46.1% vs. 22%; p&lt; 0.001). Half of all respondents have had sexual intercourse less than a month prior to survey, however, only less than a third 153 (28.5%) usedcondom during the last intercourse. High risk HIV sexual behaviour was more common in younger age groups (&gt; 30 years), those living with partners, those with low education, those currently employed, and those without health insurance. It was also higher in those who did not perceive themselves as being at risk of HIV, have never tested for HIV and who were not members of any social groups or clubs.Conclusion: The survey indicated important personnel and behavioural characteristics that are very important for programme planning and control. Targeted health promotion messages, behaviour change communication, and increased engagement withcommunities and groups are necessary to capture vulnerable men and women in high risk settings. Behavioural surveillance surveys should be considered essential component of national control efforts.

First Aid Willingness Questionnaire for Schoolchildren: An Exploratory Factor Analysis and Correlation Study.

The goal of this study was to explore the factor structure of the First Aid Willingness Questionnaire and determine its correlations and associations between sociodemographic and sport-related variables. A total of 413 adolescents participated in this study (mean age = 14.2 years). They consisted of 221 boys and 193 girls. Besides sociodemographic and sport-related questions, the First Aid Willingness Questionnaire was used to understand the student’s first aid attitudes. The exploratory factor analysis revealed a four-factor model. The first factor was named first aid willingness for peers, which includes willingness to help friends and family members. The second factor contained factors to help strangers; thus, it was named first aid willingness for strangers. The analysis revealed a third factor that assessed the students’ knowledge of first aid. The last factor contained the students’ negative emotions. The correlation between the factors showed that knowledge had a positive association with all the other factors. Adolescents’ willingness to help their peers was highly associated with helping strangers, but negative emotions had a negative correlation with helping unknown people. Sport-related variables were investigated to determine the effects on first aid attitudes. Even though sport seemed to increase first aid willingness, future studies need to explore its associations. We believe that a deeper understanding of this topic could help prevent serious injuries or death in emergencies.

Can HIV/AIDS be fought by targeting youths in Zambia? Analysis of the Knowledge, Attitudes and Sexual Behaviour among youths aged 15 – 24 years.

Background: Although people of any age are susceptible to HIV, youths aged 15 – 24 face disproportionate risk of contracting it because of challenges that they face with regard to correct HIV and AIDS related knowledge, attitudes and practices. This study was aimed at determining whether HIV and AIDS can be fought by targeting interventions at youths aged 15 – 24 years by assessing their current knowledge, attitudes and sexual behaviours in Zambia. &#x0D; Methods: The study utilised secondary data from a self-weighting nationally representative sample of the 2009 Zambia Sexual Behaviour Survey.&#x0D; Results: Generally correct comprehensive knowledge is very low among youths (43 percent). This is in spite having good command of general and full general knowledge and the ABCs of HIV and AIDS prevention. Attitudes towards PLHIV, Condom use and HIV counselling and testing were negative. About one third (58 percent) of youths in Zambia have a history of early sexual debut (sex before age 15) with more females (64 percent) than males (51 percent) having hard sex. Male youths were more likely to have used a condom with most recent sexual partner as compared to females (AOR=0.265, 95%CI: 0.160, 0.438; p&lt;0.001). Youths in rural areas had reduced odds of using a condom during their first sexual intercourse compared with those in urban areas (AOR=0.530, 95%CI: 0.387, 0.726; p&lt;0.001).&#x0D; Conclusions: Therefore, it can be seen lack of comprehensive correct knowledge, gender disparities, poor educational levels, youth’s age and place of residence are some of the contributing factors that may hinder the fight against HIV/AIDS among youths in Zambia.

Stigmatization and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare workers in the primary healthcare centers in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, 2022.

There are very few studies in Saudi Arabia on stigmatization and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), a critical step for the prevention and control of HIV. The aim of this study was to assess the level of stigmatization and discrimination against PLWHA by healthcare workers (HCWs) as well as their knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP). This cross-sectional study included 182 HCWs at primary healthcare centers in Medina, Saudi Arabia. The validated short version of the Healthcare Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale and the AIDS Attitude Scale were used in this research. Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to assess the differences in the mean knowledge, attitudes, and practices KAP scores by various sociodemographic factors. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with KAP scores. Most participants were males (58.2%) and aged more than 30 years (60.4%). The tendency to stigmatizing behavior was present in 24.2%-68.17% of the participants, and discriminatory practice was present in 11.5%-50% of the participants. In multiple linear regression analysis, factors that independently predicted the knowledge score were being a doctor compared to nurses (P < 0.001), receiving in-service training for PLWHA (P < 0.001), and male gender (P = 0.002). Attitude was predicted by being female (P = 0.008) and a doctor (P = 0.005). Practice was predicted by the knowledge score (P < 0.001) and being married (P = 0.035). This study found that stigmatization and discrimination were less prevalent in HCWs who had good HIV-related knowledge and had received in-service training for PLWHA. The results highlight the significance of continuing education and training opportunities for HCWs to provide effective and appropriate treatment to PLWHA.

Nursing students' attitudes on caring for people living with HIV/AIDS. A European Multicentre Study.

Background and aim:Caring for people with HIV/AIDS is a challenging issue for nursing students, involving sometimes misconceptions due to different cultural, political and religious views. The aim of this project was to investigate nursing students’ attitudes on caring for people with HIV/AIDS.Methods:A convenient sample of undergraduate nursing students enrolled in four European universities was recruited. Data were collected by administering the AIDS Attitude Scale (AAS). Statistical analysis included the ANOVA test, the t–test for independent variables, and the Kruskal-Wallis test with a confidence level P <0.05.Results:The sample consisted of 594 students of which 162 (27.3%) were English, 246 (41.4%) Italian and 186 (31.3%) Greek. Study findings demonstrated that students’ attitudes toward HIV/AIDS patients were relatively positive, although the majority of them indicated fear of contracting HIV through clinical practice. Nursing students’ positive feelings for HIV/AIDS patients were also correlated with the strong willingness to take care of them.Conclusions:Despite being exposed to different teaching and learning experiences, a significant part of the participants believe that HIV/AIDS make nursing a high-risk profession. Furthermore, students’ misconceptions are not limited to clinical practice areas as they expressed concerns in sending their children in a class along with a child affected by AIDS and/or in dining in a restaurant where a chef affected by AIDS works. Students are in general well-disposed towards this patients’ population but there is still stigma associated with this condition. A new teaching and learning approach may help redefining students’ attitudes and in limiting the negative impact of misconceptions on the quality of nursing care. Further investigation in this area would help in shading light on the reasons why students are still biased in approaching AIDS/HIV patients. The use of a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews and/or focus group would be recommended. (www.actabiomedica.it)

The Attitudes of Nurses in the Hospital toward Vulnerable People

Background: Vulnerable people are at higher risk for ill health and often experience discrimination in health services. Persons with disabilities, People with Dementia (PWD), and People with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are some groups of people with vulnerabilities who often need hospital care. Nurses are the largest group of health personnel and frequently meet with these patients so that the attitude of nurses can have a consequence on the quality of health care. Research Objectives: To identify nurses' attitudes towards vulnerable people and factors related to their attitudes. Methods: This quantitative research used a cross-sectional design. The research subjects were 386 nurses in the main public Dr. Sardjito hospital selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected in January-February 2021 with a Google Form. Researchers used a demographic data questionnaire, an attitude questionnaire (Attitude Toward Disabled Person Scale Form O, Dementia Attitude Scale, and AIDS Attitude Scale), and a knowledge questionnaire (Self-Administered Questionnaire about Knowledge), Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale, and HIV-Knowledge Questionnaire-18). Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests, specifically the Spearman rank, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: The score of nurses' attitudes towards persons with disabilities was 54.00 out of 120; the score of nurses' attitudes to PWD was 102.00 out of 140; and the score of nurses' attitudes toward PLWHA was -0.65 out of +5. Knowledge, history of interaction, and experience in caring have a significant effect on nurses' attitudes towards vulnerable people (p value &lt;0.05). The education level only affects the attitudes of nurses towards persons with disabilities (p value = 0.042). Family history only affects nurses' attitudes to PWD (p value = 0.013). Age and special education/training only affect the attitudes of nurses on PWD and PLWHA (p value &lt;0.05). Conclusion: Nurses tend to present positive attitudes toward PWD, but nurses are inclined to show negative attitudes against people with disabilities and PLWHA. Knowledge, caring experience, and interaction are confirmed to have an effect on nurses' attitudes with the result that programs to increase knowledge and experience of nurses towards vulnerable groups are recommended for this group. Keywords: Attitude, Dementia, Disability, HIV/AIDS, Knowledge, Nurse.

Effect of peer education model on nursing students' knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS

ObjectivesThis research is an intervention study designed as a single group pre-test post-test model without control group in order to examine the effect of education provided to nursing students based on peer education model on HIV/AIDS knowledge level and attitude. Design, methods, settings and participantsThe research was carried out at Nursing Department of Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University. Sample of the study consisted of second year nursing students who agreed to participate in the study and enrolled Internal Medicine Nursing course for the first time (n = 88). In the first stage of the study, nine peer mentors were selected and a total of 12 h of training were given to them by the researchers. In the second stage, peer mentors provided a total of 12 h of training to nine peer students groups. All groups were created by simple randomization on the “research randomizer” website. Demographics questionnaire, AIDS knowledge scale and AIDS attitude scale were used to collect the data. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi-square test, paired sample t-Test, Wilcoxon test and Spearman correlation test. ResultsIt was determined that peer education provided a statistically significant increase in AIDS knowledge scale score in peer students (pretest x¯=10.32 ± 3.59, posttest x¯=19.69 ± 1.51) (p < 0.001). In addition, peer education was found to provide a statistically significant increase in AIDS attitude scale score in peer students (pretest x¯=56.64 ± 8.36, posttest x¯=72.95 ± 7.02) (p < 0.001). ConclusionIt has been determined that peer education method is an effective method in increasing HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS in nursing students. Therefore, it is recommended to include peer education model in nursing educations regarding HIV/AIDS.

Does the COVID-19 pandemic threaten global solidarity? Evidence from Germany.

The global COVID-19 pandemic poses challenges to the economy, politics and public health systems of developed and developing countries alike. However, the latter are less well placed to cope with adverse effects. In particular, important advances towards sustainable development might be reversed. Tackling the pandemic and its effects therefore requires global cooperation as well as solidarity in the form of development assistance. Yet, support for development assistance among donor publics might be dampened by individual health-related and economic worries as well as decreasing trust in government during the pandemic. Against this backdrop, we investigate the possible effect of pandemic-induced worries on public support for development assistance as well as the moderating role of moral considerations and trust in government. Drawing on literature on aid attitudes, and using survey data for Germany provided by the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) project from April 2020 (N = 1,006), our analyses show that neither health-related nor economic worries are associated with less support for providing development assistance during the first wave of the pandemic. However, we observe a marginal interaction between health-related worries and trust in government in predicting support for development assistance. For those with high levels of trust in government the effect of worry regarding the loss of friends or relatives on support for development assistance is positive, whereas it is close to zero for those with low levels of trust. We conclude that at the peak of the first wave of the pandemic there was little need for concern by policy-makers endorsing development assistance as neither form of worry correlated negatively with public support for development assistance and trust was high. However, when worries recur and trust in government simultaneously decreases, public support for global solidarity may wane.

The Effect of the Infectious Disease Nursing Course on Turkish Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes Towards AIDS: A Quasi-Experimental Study

There is no available treatment or vaccine for HIV/AIDS, and health education has, therefore, become a top priority in the prevention of disease. It is of great importance to have sufficient information about HIV/AIDS and how to control infection. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the Infectious Disease Nursing course on nursing students’ knowledge and attitudes towards AIDS.&#x0D; Materials and Methods. This quasi-experimental study was carried out between February 12 - May 28, 2019 and included 50 nursing students who were taking the Infectious Disease Nursing course for the first time and attended the pre-test and post-test. The data were collected using a Personal Information Form and the AIDS Knowledge and Attitude Scale. Descriptive statistics, the paired sample t-test and Pearson correlation analysis were used in the evaluation of the data.&#x0D; Results. Among the students who participated in the study, 94.0% of students were at the age of 18-21 years; 80.0% of students were females; 54.0% of students stated that they had adequate knowledge of AIDS; 78.0% of students stated that they did not want to provide care to individuals with HIV/AIDS. There was found a significant strong positive correlation between the mean pre- and post-education scores for the AIDS Knowledge and Attitude Scale (p&lt;0.05, r=0.34; p&lt;0.01, r=0.72). There was a significant, weak negative correlation between the mean post-education AIDS total Attitude mean score and the status of having contact with a patient with HIV/AIDS and wanting to provide care for a patient with HIV/AIDS (p&lt;0.05, r=-0.31), and a significant weak positive correlation between the status of wanting to provide care for a patient with HIV/AIDS and seeing people with HIV/AIDS as a threat (p&lt;0.01; r=-0.50).&#x0D; Conclusions. All the students benefited from the information on AIDS and became informed due to attending the Infectious Diseases Nursing course and their attitudes towards AIDS improved.

The relationship between knowledge and hypothermia first aid attitudes in mountain climbers

Mountain climbing is an interesting and challenging activity, but it has high risks. There is a risk of harm that threat the body and safety during mountain climbing. One of the risks that can occur in mountain climbing is hypothermia which should be treated quickly and appropriately otherwise it can be life-threatening. From the results of preliminary studies that have been conducted by researchers at the Mount Prau Basecamp. According to the Gunung Prau Basecamp guard in 2017 there were 4 cases of hypothermia per week, even in 2014 there was 1 case of a climber who died due to hypothermia. This case occurred because of the climber's lack of knowledge of doing first aid to victims who had hypothermia. In this case, the climber's knowledge and attitude about prevention and first aid when experiencing hypothermia are the most important factors.The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between climber's knowledge and hypothermia first aid attitudes on the mountain.The type of this research was quantitative research with the correlation study method and a cross-section approach. The population in this study were all climbers of Mount Prau Wonosobo with a sample of 333 respondents. The sampling technique used in this study was consecutive sampling. The data in this study were analyzed using the chi square statistical test.The results of this study were obtained from 333 respondents, 301 respondents (90.4%) had good knowledge and 297 respondents (89.2%) had good attitudes. Statistical analysis showed significant results with a p-value (0.0001) less than 0.05, thus H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted, which indicated that there was a relationship between the climber's knowledge and hypothermia first aid attitudes on the mountain. In conclusion Knowledge affects a person's attitude towards handling hypothermia. On condition that the knowledge is good, ensuingly the attitude in handling hypothermia will be good.