Aid Arrangements Research Articles

PROBLEMATIKA PELAKSANAAN PEMBERIAN BANTUAN HUKUM PADA TINGKAT PENYIDIKAN

<p><em><span class="fontstyle2">This study aims to find out the the arrangement of the rights of suspects to receive legal aid in Indonesian positive law. In addition, it is also to find out the problems in the implementation of the provision of legal aid at the investigative level. The method used in this research is normative legal research which is prescriptive and applied. The approach that the author uses in this study is statute approach and conseptual approach. The types and sources of legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials by means of literature/document studies. The law material analysis technique uses the syllogism method using a deductive mindset. Based on the results of the study, it was found that in principle the arrangements regarding the rights of suspects to receive legal aid at the investigation level have been regulated in such a way in various laws and regulations of the Republic of Indonesia. However, legal aid arrangements that have been arranged in such a way do not mean there are no problems in their implementation. The provision of legal aid at the investigation level, where the main arrangement is based on the provisions of Article 56 of the Criminal Procedure Code, there are still various problems in its implementation. The problem can be seen from the legal system, legal structure, and legal culture of the implementation of the provision of legal aid at this level of investigation.</span></em></p><p><em><span class="fontstyle2">Keywords</span><span class="fontstyle0">: </span><a href="/verstek/article/view/73108"><span class="fontstyle2">Legal Aid; Investigation; Suspect</span></a></em></p>

Web-Based Village Fund Assistance Distribution Information System Using the Quota Based Method

The development of information technology has greatly influenced several aspects of human life in the implementation of daily activities. One of the benefits of the development of information technology is that it can help local governments provide information regarding the distribution of financial assistance through monitoring. Village fund assistance is one of the government programs aimed at economic recovery for people affected by the pandemic. Currently, assistance from village funds is often not supported by good governance in every village. Particularly in Tanah Merah Village, aid arrangements were still carried out by recording manually, so sometimes data input errors occurred which resulted in inaccurate data. Therefore, we need a computerized system that can overcome the limitations and problems that occur. In making this system using the Waterfall method, the stages are needs analysis, application design, system design, testing, and system maintenance. The tools used to design this system are UML (Unified Modeling Language), which consists of Use Case Diagrams, Activity Diagrams, and Class Diagrams. The results of this study are an information system for distributing village fund assistance at the Tanah Merah Village office. The application of this information system for distributing village fund assistance can help provide alternative solutions for the village government to problems in the data collection process so that the implementation process can achieve its objectives properly.

Imperialisms Past and Present in EU Economic Relations with North Africa

The EU is actively pursuing Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreements (DCFTAs) as part of its trade and aid relations with former colonies in North Africa. Utilizing the discourse of pro-poor business growth and win-win free trade, the EU insists that North African countries must acquiesce to DCFTA liberalization to achieve sustainable development. This article critiques the paternalism of EU actors amidst their focus on completing these controversial DCFTAs. Drawing upon Nkrumah's and Fanon's articulation of the concept of neocolonialism, it argues that the EU is cementing colonial-style patterns of production via iniquitous trade and aid arrangements. Moreover, the article illustrates that EU elites in their justification of the DCFTAs are replicating the colonial-era discourse surrounding Eurafrica and the alleged economic “complementarity” and inevitable “interdependence” of the European and African continents: an amnesiac Europe thus simultaneously draws upon European colonial imaginaries in the justification of neocolonial DCFTAs while downplaying, and forgetting, the regressive legacies of colonial trade relations. The article also demonstrates how certain North African campaigners are already drawing attention to the neocolonial contours of the DCFTAs in order to delegitimise these free trade vehicles vis-à-vis North African and European public opinion.

Gifts as governance: Church Welfare and the Samaritan's dilemma

AbstractHow do gifts relate to formal and informal institutions? Giving gifts, especially in the form of anti-poverty aid, opens the givers to a serious social dilemma: the Samaritan's dilemma. We explain how the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints uses a mixture of formal and informal governance to provide sustainable social welfare programs that avoid this dilemma. These institutions not only govern aid arrangements, but also provide governance across the entire Church community, encouraging religious adherence and broad-based participation.

BANTUAN HUKUM YANG IDEAL BAGI MASYARAKAT TIDAK MAMPU

This study analyzes the importance of the position of advocates in the legal system in Indonesia. Advocates have a very important role in law enforcement. The defense for all people, including the community, is a manifestation of an advocate’s respect for the principle of equality before the law as well as the realization of the rights of all people, namely the right to be accompanied by an advocate. The purpose of the research is to (1) find out the position and role of advocates in the implementation of human rights in Indonesia, (2) Analyze the barriers of advocates in realizing their position and role. The research method used is qualitative and normative juridical ap- proach, namely law is conceived as a norm, rule, principle or dogmas / juris- prudence. The normative juridical research phase uses literature studies. The results of the study indicate that Advocates have a very important position and role as one of the elements of the Preacher’s Legal Chess, because of the status of free and independent advocates guaranteed by law and regulation, For the sake of legal interests and demands for professions that have social aspects, every the person involved in the case has the right and guaranteed access to legal assistance. Other results indicate factors that prevent advocates from realizing their position and role related to the normative level, namely the absence of specific legal aid arrangements that regulate the entire scope of the provision of legal assistance.

Emergency planning and business continuity: why blood services must plan for both. How the EBA working group (WG) is assisting blood services

BackgroundIn 2016, the Executive of the European Blood Alliance (EBA) decided to explore whether there was sufficient interest amongst member countries on whether they saw value in the re‐establishment of a Working Group on contingency planning. A survey of members was carried out and as there was sufficient interest a Working Group (WG) was established. The question then was how could the work of the WG add value to member countries in their contingency planning process? We set out to establish this.MethodMembers of the WG decided that there were three areas where the WG should concentrate on and these were as follows: (1) share lessons learnt during past contingencies and response to major disasters, (2) exchange contingency plans and (3) test run of contingency plans. As a first step, it was decided that we would share our existing contingency plans and when these were shared the WG undertook to carry out a gap analysis. It became evident that the state of contingency planning varied across countries. It is vitally important that each BTS ensures that their critical functions of manufacturing, testing and supply management have contingency arrangements in place whether that is within the country or with an international partner. However, having them in place is not enough they must be tested on a regular basis to ensure that they work. It was important that the WG formulated formal terms of reference to inform its work and also to set out clear deliverables. Draft Terms of Reference (ToR) were drawn up and sent to the Board of the EBA for approval in line with the normal procedure for WGs. These have been approved by the Board and are as follows: To share and leverage the knowledge of EBA members so all can move towards best practice (e.g. ISO 22301) To share experience, documentation, risk and other relevant materials and identify common training needs and opportunities. To identify opportunities for mutual aid in business continuity and emergency planning processes, consumables and the provision of services and products and develop these into agreed heads of agreement in bilateral or multilateral mutual aid arrangements. To create routes and mechanisms of communication on business continuity and emergency planning issues between EBA members, and to maintain a forum for discussion on these matters (e.g. EBA newsletter, EBAse). To engage in and lead the conversation on business continuity and emergency planning with the Commission and Competent Authorities to ensure a workable and consistent approach across EBA member states. OutcomeThe work of the group will deliver a better understanding of contingency planning with tangible examples and case studies which demonstrate how these plans have been activated and the lessons learnt from the events that required their activation. Some of the lessons learnt to date are that (1) there can never be too much communication on the contingency arrangements and there must be deputies in place for the main functional leads in the plan because inevitably the event occurs at a weekend where the nominated people are not always available, (2) the carrying out of a desktop exercise can be very useful and can expose any shortcomings in the contingency plan in a safe environment and (3) communication between the BTS and their contingency partner must ensure that any changes by either party are communicated so that any impact is worked through. The work of the WG is continuing.

Interregional migration of value-added and its determinants in Korea

In Korea, it is expected that the interregional migration of regionally produced value-added may be considerable because of the typical characteristics of the Korean residential pattern: high population density in urban areas and discrepancy between work and residence places. Such migrations bring about interregional external effects and regressivity, where value-added flows from provincial to urban areas. To cope with these inefficiencies of resource distribution, from a short-term perspective fiscal aid from the central government for the regions suffering from out-migration is needed to internalize the externality and to compensate for the regressivity. From a long-term perspective, balanced regional development policies are necessary to prevent such migrations. The purpose of this study is to provide information for the fiscal aid arrangements of the central government by analyzing the realities of interregional migration and to outline policy implications for regional balanced policies by examining the influential determinants of value-added migration.

The impact of official development aid on maternal and reproductive health outcomes: a systematic review.

BackgroundProgress toward meeting Millennium Development Goal 5, which aims to improve maternal and reproductive health outcomes, is behind schedule. This is despite ever increasing volumes of official development aid targeting the goal, calling into question the distribution and efficacy of aid. The 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness represented a global commitment to reform aid practices in order to improve development outcomes, encouraging a shift toward collaborative aid arrangements which support the national plans of aid recipient countries (and discouraging unaligned donor projects).Methods and FindingsWe conducted a systematic review to summarise the evidence of the impact on MDG 5 outcomes of official development aid delivered in line with Paris aid effectiveness principles and to compare this with the impact of aid in general on MDG 5 outcomes. Searches of electronic databases identified 30 studies reporting aid-funded interventions designed to improve maternal and reproductive health outcomes. Aid interventions appear to be associated with small improvements in the MDG indicators, although it is not clear whether changes are happening because of the manner in which aid is delivered. The data do not allow for a meaningful comparison between Paris style and general aid. The review identified discernible gaps in the evidence base on aid interventions targeting MDG 5, notably on indicators MDG 5.4 (adolescent birth rate) and 5.6 (unmet need for family planning).DiscussionThis review presents the first systematic review of the impact of official development aid delivered according to the Paris principles and aid delivered outside this framework on MDG 5 outcomes. Its findings point to major gaps in the evidence base and should be used to inform new approaches and methodologies aimed at measuring the impact of official development aid.

Soviet Biscuit Factories and Chinese Financial Grants: North Vietnam's Economic Diplomacy in 1967 and 1968*

The author revises existing historical accounts of a critical period during the Vietnam War when the North Vietnamese urgently needed economic aid from their Communist allies in order to prepare for the ambitious Tet Offensive in January 1968, and to help the DRV economy survive President Lyndon B. Johnson's bombardment of North Vietnam under Operation Rolling Thunder. Using new evidence from the archives in Hanoi, this article shows that China—not the Soviet Union—was the biggest donor of economic aid to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV, or North Vietnam) in 1967 and 1968. The new evidence suggests that American intelligence estimates of Communist bloc economic aid to the DRV were incorrect. Misled by inaccurate data, U.S. officials failed to understand the remarkable resilience of the DRV economy to survive U.S. bombardment. An accurate understanding of Communist bloc aid arrangements might have strengthened the arguments of those American officials advocating early peace negotiations with the DRV.

Industry arrangements for oil spill preparedness

In the post-Montara/Macondo world, the Australian petroleum industry has been actively represented on various working groups focused on the prevention, preparedness and response to significant oil spill incidents. Through the Australian Marine Oil Spill Centre (AMOSC) based in Geelong, Victoria, cooperation and coordination with other international associations has been occurring to ensure ‘reasonable steps’ are taken to develop preparedness and response arrangements commensurate with the risks associated with industry activities.Concurrently and here in Australia, a thorough review of the National Plan has allowed industry to work with government to develop or amend a range of initiatives aimed at ensuring that industry and government strategies are integrated for maximum efficiency in all circumstances. The scene has been set by a reviewed national risk assessment focusing on all activities of hydrocarbon movement around the Australian coastline. So what has Australian industry actually achieved post-Montara in prevention, preparedness and response to oil spills? This extended abstract shares and explains the practical outcomes of the industry initiatives of oil spills in Australia. The outcomes are planning requirements, equipment location, mutual aid arrangements, training programs and the extended services of industry oil spill response organisations in Australia and overseas.

Medical aid arrangements for arterial hypertension patients in the areas of Irkutsk Region which were characterized by low accessibility of specialized medical aid

The complex of medical aid arrangements for arterial hypertension patients in the rural and farthest areas of Irkutsk Region which were characterized by low accessibility of specialized medical aid was developed. The complex make possible to improve awareness, treatment and control of arterial hypertension.

The EU–ACP development cooperation – governance challenges for non‐state actors: the case of Malawi

The European Development Consensus 2005 contains a broad policy re‐statement of the EU’s world view vis‐à‐vis its internal and external relations. It places poverty eradication and sustainable development at the heart of its policy. The context within which poverty eradication is pursued is an increasingly globalised and interdependent world that constantly creates new opportunities and challenges. Combating global poverty is seen by both parties not only as a moral obligation; rather as a building block for a more stable, peaceful, prosperous and equitable world, reflecting the interdependency of its richer and poorer countries. The EU has in its relations with the African, Pacific and Caribbean countries, past and present, pursued a development agenda via successive aid and development cooperation arrangements starting with the Yaoundé I convention, through Lomé to the Cotonou Partnership Agreement (CPA). In this article I reflect on the CPA, based on a corpus of shared objectives, principles and the Lomé ‘acquis’ in relation to Malawi non‐state actors (NSAs). I reflect on the opportunities and challenges it presents and how contemplated social dialogue between government and NSAs on the one hand and the EU can translate into poverty reduction, sustainable development and integration of the local economy to the global economy. I conclude that unlike its predecessors, Yaoundé and Lomé conventions, the CPA acknowledges the complementary role of NSAs in the development process, however NSAs in Malawi face constraints in terms of organisation and capacity building that affects their participation. What I do not do is to offer a discussion of the CPA as a whole, for that is outside the scope of this article, but rather have focused on the governance aspect vis‐à‐vis NSAs.

The Performance of Formal Collaborations: Uncertainty and Coordination Tradeoffs

It is often empirically difficult to distinguish motivation from coordination problems when trying to understand why collaborations succeed or fail. As a result, problems that appear to derive from poorly structured incentives may actually derive from difficulties coordinating actions across partners. This paper asks: How do organizations optimally structure resource in conjunction with partners that have strong incentives to cooperate? This article exploits a novel empirical setting in which incentive problems are muted and coordination problems have serious consequences: mutual aid among fire departments. It argues that formal and informal structures involve trade-offs between having common expectations among partners (which improve coordination) on the one hand, and the ability to incorporate more detailed and new information into decisions involving interdependent actions (which improve adaptability) on the other. The preliminary empirical results affirm this idea. Fire departments with more formal aid arrangements (i.e. automatic aid) realize comparatively better outcomes; however, the beneficial effects are diminished when uncertainty rises over time suggesting that formal arrangements reduce joint adaptability to change.

Regional Cooperation, Coordination, and Communication between Airports during Disasters

Regional cooperation, coordination, and communication between airports can promote preparedness and continuity of operations during disasters. Interviews at 20 U.S. airports led to workshops in South Florida, New England, and Minnesota, in which representatives of airports, airlines, local responders, state agencies, and federal agencies discussed needs, opportunities, and barriers to increased regional cooperation, coordination, and communication. Qualitative analysis of the discussions led to a number of recommendations. Increased regional cooperation, coordination, and communication between airports and between regional groups of airports and other responding or regulatory agencies are highly desirable goals. Different regions of the country have different methods in place, but none is fully optimized. Interstate mutual aid between airports has different issues from intrastate aid arrangements. Intrastate arrangements may need new state legislation to provide liability coverage and reimbursement. Airports in New England and the Midwest seem interested in the airport Disaster Operations Group (DOG) approach. In Florida, the Florida Emergency Management Agency already provides strong intrastate coordination between counties and local agencies; in New England, the primary interest is interstate. A yet-unformed national umbrella organization could coordinate the regional DOGs and serve as the Emergency Management Assistance Compact's aviation coordination function. The Transportation Security Administration, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and FAA have current initiatives that will assist airports during disasters. FAA's Advisory Circular 150/5200-31C opens an opportunity to expand regional airport cooperation and airport–community preparedness. This study makes 11 specific recommendations to improve regional cooperation among airports during disasters.

Are current aid strategies marginalising the already marginalised? Cases from Tanzania

Engaging with and assisting marginalised communities remains a major challenge for governments of developing countries, as many national development strategies tend in practice to further marginalise chronically poor communities. Development aid strategies, including poverty-reduction initiatives, have focused primarily on economic development. As a result they have contributed to the erosion of the asset base of these communities, and in particular their access to natural resources. While questioning the impact of aid arrangements on the poorest and most vulnerable communities in society, this article recognises that current aid arrangements, such as national poverty-reduction strategies, have created an environment in which chronic poverty can be addressed by national governments and other stakeholders. The authors emphasise the need for greater sensitivity in the processes of planning and managing national development strategies that seek to reduce poverty, as well as a commitment to institutional arrangements that include marginalised groups in the country's political economy.

Is the Rapid Pace of Development Of E and P Operations Overtaking the Ability to Provide Adequate Spill Response Measures?1

ABSTRACT The past decade has seen a move into new development areas by the international oil industry. Many of the new operating locations are lacking in infrastructure, are politically unstable and have varying degrees of environmental legislation in place to regulate the developments. The industry has responded to the changing world in a number of ways. To minimise individual risk, organisations have entered the new regions working in consortia. Also, in order to accelerate and maximise profitability, the industry has developed fast-track projects to minimise the time to first oil’ and hence gain a quicker return from the significant development costs. Consequently the time between completing the exploration phase and the onset of production is aimed at being as short as possible. This creates interesting challenges for project teams as the risk profile changes from that experienced during exploration activities to those present in production operations. The risks during exploration activities can lead to either a very small or very large spill, the latter thankfully being infrequent. To meet these risks the operators equip themselves with sufficient resources to deal with a Tier 1 spill and utilise the Tier 3 centres to satisfy the blow out scenario. However, when the operation changes to a production facility, usually by the rapid introduction of an FSO or FPSO, the risk profile changes significantly and many operators experience difficulties in modifying the response capability to meet the changing profile. The conventional approach has been to use the tiered response concept to address the increased Tier 2 requirements by developing mutual aid arrangements but in many cases there are no other operators available with whom to share resources. This paper will investigate the changes in the nature of oil industry operations and pose the question as to whether the tiered response concept is still valid in today's environment and what should steps be taken to ensure that the response preparedness and capability is developed in pace with the risk profile.

Voluntary health insurance in Bwamanda, Democratic Republic of Congo. An exploration of its meanings to the community.

An insurance scheme covering hospital care in the rural district of Bwamanda in the North-west of the Democratic Republic of Congo, which locally is called the mutuelle, was conceived and developed in 1986 on the initiative of Belgian doctors working in the district under the arrangements for bilateral Belgian aid. After more than 10 years of operation the Bwamanda scheme has achieved a high rate of coverage, contributed to a significant improvement in access to hospital-based in-patient care, and constitutes a stable source of revenue for the operation of the hospital. We present an investigation conducted through focus groups in 1996 of the population's social perceptions of this risk-sharing scheme to identify ways to improve it. The findings pertain to the reasons for people to subscribe to the scheme; to the perception of its redistribution effects; to people's frustrations and questions; and finally to the relationships between the insurance scheme and traditional mutual aid arrangements. The difference between a hospital insurance scheme (a logic of contract) and the traditional systems of mutual aid (a logic of alliance) is highlighted, and the impact of the hospital insurance scheme on social inequalities is discussed. The implications of this study on the management of the Bwamanda health insurance scheme are reviewed, and this study may be useful to health managers working in similar contexts.

FOREIGN AID TO AFRICA: A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS

Africa has become an aid addict. After a brief discussion of the relative importance of aid in present-day Africa, the geography of aid is described. Political independence meant a proliferation of aid donors and aid arrangements for the African continent. In most new states aid was dominated by the former colonial masters first, but became much more diversified later. However, there is a clear difference between the former British (and Portuguese) and the former French (and Belgian) colonies. Among the new bilateral aid ‘donors’, first the USA became important, followed by East Bloc, German, Scandinavian, and Arab inroads during the 1970s and increased participation by Japan and Italy during the 1980s, while the East Bloc involvement virtually disappeared. During the late 1970s, it also seemed that multilateral aid would become more important, and some thought that within Europe the EC would take over from the various bilateral partners. However, during the 1980s the percentage of multilateral aid in total aid flows and central EC aid in total aid from EC-Europe stagnated at a rather low level. An interesting phenomenon was the increasing importance of non-governmental organizations as a channel for aid money from northern governments and multilateral agencies. The changes in the relative importance of official development assistance (ODA) versus ‘other official flows’ and ‘private flows’ during the 1980s are described, and the patterns of aid are compared with the patterns of trade. Finally, aid is compared with development performance and the consequences of large aid dependency are seen to support a ‘rent mentality’ that is detrimental to development.

Transit funding: Implications of federal aid strategies

Federal funding strategies greatly affect investment in urban transportation facilities in the United States. This analysis concentrates on the implications of varying federal aid matching requirements, structuring aid programs as categorical or block grants, and allo cating funds on a discretionary basis or according to formula. Toward this end the effects of recent federal transit aid arrangements are assessed.

KOREA AND TAIWAN: Review of Progress in 1968

A review of the achievements in family planning in Korea and Taiwan in 1968 is presented. Korea launched a Mothers Club system reaching into every third village and a national pill program but it fell short of targets and suffered administrative difficulties especially with the budget. Over a 6 month period the number of new pill acceptors was 76078. This falls short of the target of 30000 new acceptors per month but still compares well with pill programs elsewhere in Asia. In Taiwan the government announced a family planning policy. Targets were met for both loops and pills. There has been very little improvement in continuation rates however. There is more local money but costs are going up. After long negotiations with AID arrangements for improved international training are getting underway. A computer has been ordered by which it should be possible to get the findings on action much more quickly. In both Korea and Taiwan more emphasis must be placed on reaching women in their 20s. Some family planning education is needed in the schools. More new mothers must be reached face-to-face. Private doctors who do the IUD insertions need much more education about successful experience elsewhere.