Agrophysical Properties Of Soil Research Articles

Study on the influence of sideration on soil density and porosity

It was achieved to improve agro physical properties of soil by forming of 22.41-52.92 t/ha green biomass of pea, chickpea, rape and barley when sown as green manure as well as tilling it into soil in summer July 10 wheat freed areas, and autumn October 10 cotton freed areas. It was determined that the mass of soil before the first irrigation of cotton in 0-20 cm tilling layer of soil with green manure applied variant was 0.06-0.08 g/cm3; 0.03-0.08 g/cm3 and it was less 0.05-0.07 g/cm3; 0.03-0.08 g/cm3 in 20-40 cm of soil layer relatively to control-without green manure variants. In its turn, it creates best and favorable condition of branching root system of cotton-plant and will be achieved to get high and quality yield.

Influence of planting and maintenance practices on the soil’s agrophysical properties, yield and quality of potato varieties of kamchatka breeding

The influence of different technological methods of planting and care, different in the number of treatments and timing of formation of a full ridge profile on the agrophysical properties of soil, the formation of yields in the cultivation of new varieties of potatoes of Kamchatka breeding, to improve the existing technology was studied. Rolling the soil when planting potatoes, contributed to the conservation of moisture in the soil at an average of 1.6%. During the vegetation period soil moisture was the highest at potato planting with soil consolidation and ridging in the period of mass sprouts and made up 36,65 % at 34,04 % in the control. On the average during the vegetation period, the soil volume weight in the layer 0-15 cm varied within the range 0,64-0,66 g/cm3 and was optimal for potatoes. Application of new technological methods in growing potatoes had a positive effect on the structural and aggregate state of the soil. At different system of care during vegetation the maximum size of a ridge was formed at early ridge formation with filling of shoots, the ridge height before harvesting averaged 24.5 cm, and the area of cross-section 930.4 cm2, increase to the control - 16.0 cm and 572.6 cm2 respectively. This method created favorable conditions for the development and accumulation of potato yield, the yield of the variety Geyser was 37.6 t/ha, Vulkan - 33.3 t/ha. Covering of soil at planting and ridge forming during the period of mass potato shoots promoted the increase of the crop capacity of the variety Geyser by 4,7 t/ha (14,3 %), Vulkan - 3,7 t/ha (12,5 %), due to soil rolling the increase of the crop capacity on the variety Geyser was on the average 4,0 %, Vulkan - 2,6 %, due to ridge forming - 10,0 %, 9,6 % respectively.

Agrophysical properties of soil depending on crops of grass field crop root summary

Relevance. The agrophysical state of the soil is essential for the successful development of agricultural production. The purpose of the study is to study the influence of grass-field crop rotation on the agrophysical, biological properties of soil fertility and crop productivity in the forest-steppe zone of North Ossetia — Alania.Methodology. The studies were carried out in 2020–2022 in the field stationary crop rotation of the in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the North Ossetia — Alania . The soil of the experimental plot is represented by leached chernozems on pebbles. Bookmarking experiments, phenological observations, statistical processing of the data obtained was carried out according to generally accepted methods.Results. It was found that at the beginning of the growing season, the lumpy fraction under crop rotation varied from 13.34 to 49.45%, in the macrostructure — from 48.42 to 81.77%, for an aggregate 0.25 mm thick — from 1.77 up to 7.99%. By the end of the growing season, the proportion of dusty fraction under winter wheat decreased from 8.01 to 1.09%. The structural coefficient varied from 2.22% (corn) to 2.49% (oats + clover). Studies have shown that the studied soil has a good structure, since it contains from 46.0 to 66.2% of water-stable aggregates. On crops of oats + clover (average (0–30 cm) soil layer), the soil density was 0.95 g/cm3 at the beginning of the growing season, 1.19 g/cm3 — during the period of intensive growth, 1.22 g/cm3 — in the end of the growing season. This trend is manifested in all crop rotation crops. It should be noted that grass links are more productive, where the collection of fodder units (16.37 t/ha) exceeds the indicators of the tilled link by 1.98 t/ha. In general, the exchange energy of the grass-field link of the crop rotation turned out to be 2.17 GJ/ha more than the tilled one and amounted to 13.43 GJ/ha.

The Impact of Tillage and Crop Residue Incorporation Systems on Agrophysical Soil Properties.

A long-term field experiment has been ongoing since 1999 at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University's Agriculture Academy. According to the latest edition of the International Soil Classification System, the soil in the experimental field can be classified as Planosol, with a silty medium-loam texture at a depth of 0-20 cm and a silty light-loam texture at a depth of 20-40 cm. Studies were carried out on winter wheat crops in 2014, 2017, and 2023. This research aimed to assess how different long-term tillage systems impact soil shear strength and aggregate stability, their interconnection, and the effect of crop residues on soil stability. The treatments were arranged using a split-plot design. In a two-factor field experiment, straw was removed from one part of the experimental field, while the entire straw yield was chopped and spread at harvest in the other part (Factor A). The subplot factor (Factor B) included three different tillage systems: conventional deep ploughing, cover cropping for green manure with no tillage, and no tillage. The soil samples were analyzed at the Laboratory of Agrobiology at Vytautas Magnus University's Agriculture Academy. The findings indicated that the long-term application of reduced tillage significantly increased the soil shear strength. Shallower tillage depths led to a higher soil shear strength, while the effect of spreading plant residues was relatively lower. The long-term tillage of different intensities, spreading plant residues, and catch crop cultivation for green manure did not significantly affect the soil structure. However, the soil structural stability was found to be highly dependent on soil tillage. Cover cropping for green manure with no tillage and no tillage alone positively affected the soil aggregate stability in the upper 0-10 cm and 10-25 cm layers. The correlation-regression analysis showed that, in the top 0-10 cm and 10-25 soil layers, there were moderate to strong correlations between the soil structural stability, soil shear strength, and the effect of crop residues on soil stability.

Агрофізичні властивості та продуктивність сорго зернового за різних способів обробітку ґрунту та доз азотних добрив

The article presents the results of experimental research on the influence of different methods and depth of main tillage and doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the agrophysical properties of the soil and the productivity of grain sorghum. The purpose of the research is to investigate the peculiarities of the formation of the productivity of grain sorghum under different methods of main processing and doses of nitrogen fertilizers during cultivation. Research methods: field quantitative-weight, visual, and laboratory methods. Mathematical and statistical methods are used to systematize and generalize the obtained results. To determine the effectiveness of the application of the main tillage and doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the productivity of grain sorghum, three variants of the methods and depth of the main tillage and three variants of the doses of nitrogen fertilizers were laid. The results. The best agrophysical properties of the dark-chestnut soil under grain sorghum crops both at the beginning of the growing season and at harvest were observed under shelf tillage. Under the influence of the methods, depth, and systems of the main cultivation and fertilization in the crop rotation, changes in agrophysical properties occurred, which led to the creation of various conditions for the growth and development of the culture and the formation of the crop. The yield of grain sorghum for plowing to a depth of 28-30 cm with the application of nitrogen fertilizers with a dose of N60 amounted to 5.44 t/ha on average over the years of research. 3.89 and 2.54 t/ha of harvest were obtained for chisel tillage at the same depth, and for disc tillage – 2.54 t/ha. Conclusion. In the conditions of the southern Steppe of Ukraine, in order to fully realize the adaptive and genetically determined productivity potential of grain sorghum, the most favorable conditions for the growth, development, and formation of the crop are created with the main shelf cultivation of the soil to a depth of 28-30 cm and the application of nitrogen fertilizers with a dose of N60. Keywords: grain sorghum, method and depth of tillage, nitrogen fertilizers, agrophysical properties, productivity.

Unrenowned facts of scientifc heritage of O.O. Izmailsky (devoted to the 170th birth anniversary)

O.O. Izmailsky was the frst to cover the issue of the origin of the Ukrainian steppes, their development stage, causes of droughts. The scientist developed scientifcally substantiated complex of organizational, agrotechnical and reclamation measures to fght droughts and further implemented them in agricultural practice. The experimentalist has shown that droughts are not caused by climate, in particular, annual amount of precipitation, but rather by the nature (cultural condition) of the feld surface and the soil structure. He pointed out the need for snow retention, developed and implemented effective measures for its implementation which are relevant today: fallows, mulching, cutting shafts with snow plows, etc. He recommended using artesian wells, artifcial relief creation, slopes terracing, dams and afforestation to resist drought. The scientist led the supporters of deep plowing promoted and implemented in the farms of Poltava and Kherson oblasts. The scientists warned that the human careless attitude to the progressing drying of Ukrainian steppes might result in turning it into a barren desert in the near future. O.O. Izmailsky proposed to organize a wide network of research felds and stations throughout Ukraine in order to address pressing issues of agriculture. He established the link between droughts and deflationary processes. One of the scientist’s immortal merits is his correct concluding that it is the inability of the sprayer, unstructured and dusty soil to absorb, accumulate and give back water and its nitrogen and ash nutrition elements to plants that cause of draughts and hence crop failures in the southern oblasts rather than the sum of the precipitation that falls during a year. The scientists proved the need for support soil surface in a loose state and deepening of the arable layer to resist drought. He developed a set of measures to fght soil erosion. The scientist considered it is not the climate but the soil surface change that is the main reason for the depletion of the Ukrainian steppes to water. He pointed out that water retention plays an important role in the water regime improving ability, moisture capacity, structural condition, water permeability and other agrophysical soil properties, along with mulching the feld with plant residues. The scientists has also explained the reasons for more humid climate of domestic steppes in the past. He pointed out the ways to create a sustainable, environmentally friendly, economically viable agriculture that are adapted to the steppe landscapes to the largest extent. Key words: steppe, droughts, soil, humidity, steppe agriculture, snow retention, cultural condition, cultivation.

Workingtool for application of granulated ameliorators

This article discusses the application and distribution of granulated ameliorants in the subshovel space during tillage with subsurface cultivator. Researches show that subsoil application of nutrient granules improves the agrophysical properties of soil, which in turn increases its fertility. The article presents obtained parameters of agrophysical properties before and after the passage of tillage unit; in particular hardness, volume crumbling coefficient and bulk weight of soil changed after granulated ameliorators were introduced into soil. The obtained results are close to reference values, which make it possible to judge the practical and effective use of this working tool for application of granulated ameliorators.

ВИТРАЧАННЯ ВОДИ РІЗНОВІКОВИМИ РОСЛИНАМИ ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ В ПОСУШЛИВИХ УМОВАХ СТЕПУ

It was established that there are significant changes in hydrothermal indicators over the past thirty years in the south of the Steppe. During the growing seasons of 1963/64–1989/90, the average annual air temperature was 9.6 °С, in 1990/91–2019/20 – 11.3 °C. Average annual precipitation in 1957/58–1989/90 was 456.1 mm, 1990/91–2019/20 – 400.5 mm. Thus, the increase in climate aridity over the last thirty years is obvious: the average annual precipitation has decreased by 55.6 mm, and the average annual air temperature has increased by 1.7 °C. During the growing seasons of 1990/91–2019/20, scientific research found that water consumption by wheat plants after black fallow during the growing season decreased to 2536–2811 m3/ha in the Steppe zone. Moisture was most efficiently consumed by crops at sowing on September 25 (background N40P40K40, seed rate – 4.5 million germinable seeds/ha): total water consumption was 2605 m3/ha, water consumption coefficient – 428 m3/t, grain yield – 6,08 t/ha. According to 28-year-old data, it was found that the available moisture reserves in the 0-10 cm soil layer on black fallow, as the most stable predecessor on water availability of soil, equaled 10.2 mm and ensured almost annual obtainment of full winter wheat seedlings. It was found that the winter wheat plants did not evenly consume moisture during the growing season: in the autumn period – 8.0–19.2 % of the total water consumption, resumption of spring growing season – beginning of stem elongation – 28.3–30.9 %, stem elongation – beginning of heading – 22.1–24.2 %, heading – full ripeness – 30.0–36.9 %. According to the research results, it was proposed the measures to minimize the negative impact of further climate aridity increase by an increase in the autumn-winter precipitation absorption by soil, an improvement of the agrophysical soil properties and its water permeability, the introduction of varieties with a more pronounced xeromorphic structure and an increased level of adaptation to arid conditions of the Steppe zone and resistance to abiotic stress factors. Key words: predecessors, sowing dates, productive moisture reserves in the soil, water consumption, yield, winter wheat, water consumption coefficient.

Agrophysical properties of soil and yield of spring barley for various predecessors and mineral fertilizers in the Central Black Earth Region

The research is devoted to the study of the influence of precursors and mineral fertilizers, applied in various doses, on the agrophysical properties of the soil, the value of the grain yield of spring barley in the soil and climatic conditions of the Central Black Earth region. The field experiment was based on the long-term hospital of Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V. Ya. Gorin. As an object, the variety of spring barley Knyazhich, recommended for the region, was chosen. The soil of the experimental plot is typical chernozem, medium loamy granulometric composition on loess-like loam. The experiment scheme (4×4) provided for the study of four gradations of factor A (predecessors: corn for grain - control, sunflower, sugar beet, soybeans) and factor B (doses of mineral fertilizers: N10P10K10 - control, N30P30K30, N50P50K50, N70P70K70). Growth and development of spring barley plants in 2018-2020 took place in meteorological conditions characterized as arid with a predominance of elevated temperatures and insufficient precipitation during the critical phases of plant vegetation. The results of field experiments established that the water and agrophysical properties (density and structural-aggregate composition) of the soil under the influence of previous crops approached the optimal values and changed insignificantly. Increased doses of mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the value of the yield of barley grain according to the studied predecessors. The highest grain yield over the years of research was obtained at high N50P50K50 and intensive N70P70K70 backgrounds for the predecessors of soybeans and sugar beets and amounted to 5.48 and 5.03 t/ha and 5.33 and 5.32 t/ha, respectively. This was higher than the control of corn for grain 0.82 and 0.37 t/ha and 0.62 and 0.61 t/ha, while for sunflower it decreased to 4.06 and 4.71 t/ha and was at the level with the control.

EFFICIENCY OF USING RARE OIL FOR BIOLOGIZATION OF FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS OF CERTAIN AGRICULTURAL CULTURES OF ESPC UKRAINIAN SCIENTIFIC-EDUCATIONAL CONSORTIUM

The article presents the results of studying the effectiveness of options for biologizing the fertilization system and related factors of the impact of options for using post-harvest green manure in the technology of growing grain corn on gray forest and chernozem soils. The effectiveness of the use of cruciferous green manure crops, such as white mustard, oil radish and spring rape, has been investigated. Evaluation of the effectiveness of green manure was carried out both by the species factor and by the method of sowing green manure plants, in particular, the usual row and wide-row methods. The features of the influence of late autumn post-harvest green manure on the formation of agrophysical soil properties, such as the duty cycle in its categories and soil density, taking into account the optimization of the air properties of the soil and the restoration of its structure in the technologies of adaptive cultivation of agricultural crops, have been studied. The role of green manure crops in providing herbicide-free control of the level of weed infestation was assessed both from the standpoint of controlling the number of various types of weeds and from the standpoint of regulating their development and prevalence. The formation of segetal vegetation in crops of corn for grain was investigated in the format of determining the effectiveness of the aftereffect of green manure on the formation of the level of weediness in the late phenological phases of growth and development of corn. The features of the formation of leafy mass of green manure were investigated, taking into account the temperature and moisture regime.Based on this, an assessment was made of the adaptability of various types of green manure crops depending on the limiting factors of moisture and low temperatures in the variant of summer-autumn use. Conclusions are made about the expediency of using this criterion of the studied cruciferous crops. The influence of green manure crops on the formation of corn yield for grain is shown, taking into account different types of soils and their fertility potential, as well as taking into account the method of sowing green manure. Increases in corn yield were determined in comparison with unfertilized control and their level was assessed in relation to a possible effective alternative replacement of existing options for fertilizing corn with grain. Conclusions are made about the most productive green manure option based on cruciferous species, and prospects for further research and problematic aspects of the use of cruciferous green manure plants are outlined.

Effect of different basic tillage and fertilizer systems on corn grain yield, when irrigating in the south of Ukraine

The article presents the results of the research on soil bulk density and permeability as well as weediness of maize crops at the beginning and end of growing season on average for 2016-2019, applying different basic tillage and fertilizer systems. The goal of the research was to determine the effect of different methods and depth of basic tillage and fertilizers on agrophysical properties of soil and crop productivity in grain-row crop rotation when irrigating in the south of Ukraine. The objective of the research was to determine the effects of different methods and depths of basic tillage as well as fertilization on the agrophysical properties of dark chestnut soil and the productivity of corn in short crop rotation. During the experiment, field, quantitative-weight, visual, laboratory, calculation-comparative, mathematical-statistical methods and generally accepted in Ukraine methods and methodical recommendations were used. The research was conducted in the research fields of the Askanian SARS IIA NAAS of Ukraine. 
 Based on the research results it was established that, both at the beginning and at the end of grooving season when applying the tillage up to 28-30 cm within the system of differentiated tillage bulk density was the smallest as 1,14 g/cm3 when using green manure and 1,19 g/cm3 without its use. When applying subsurface different depth tillage, bulk density increased up to 1,18 g/cm3 when using green manure and up to 1,26 g/cm3 without its use. Maximum bulk density of 1,28 g/cm3 was observed when no tillage applied without using green manure and 1,31 g/cm3 when using it that is by 12,3 and 10.1% higher compared to the reference area, respectively. The highest corn productivity was observed when applying subsurface different depth tillage, where the average values by the factor A were about 10,93 t/ha that is higher than those obtained in the reference area by 0,52 t/ha, or 5,0%. The use of zero tillage caused the obtaining of the lowest yield in the experiment as 8,71 t/ha that is less compared to the reference area by 1,7 t/ha, or 19,5%.

Agrophysical Properties of Ordinary Chernozem as the Basis of Stability of Modern Agriculture

The optimal parameters of agrophysical soil properties are important for ensuring favorable conditions for plant development. This study found a significant impact of various tillage technologies on the agrophysical state of ordinary chernozem. The long-term use of the no-till technology decreased soil density in the arable and root-inhabited (0-60 cm) layers. Before sowing winter crops using the no-till method, the soil had the best porosity level - more than 57%. Due to the reduction of agricultural machinery passes through the field, the structural aggregates increased to 52.6%, which was 12.7% more than during the dump treatment. Improving the agrophysical state of the soil with the no-till technology had a significant impact on the water permeability of the soil and its water regime. When using the no-till technology, the best agrophysical soil properties in the arable layer had a decisive influence on the yield of the field crops. In 2006-2018, the no-till technology provided a steady yield gain of 3.1-5.2 kg / ha or 6.5-38.2%. The long-term use of the no-till technology ensured the conservation of the soil, demonstrating the environmental benefits of this technology. The optimal agrophysical properties of ordinary chernozem when using the no-till technology ensured the effective use of moisture, improved the field crop productivity, and enabled more effective conservation of arable land in the arid conditions of the Rostov region.
 Keywords: agrophysical soil properties, porosity, water permeability, productivity, no-till technology

The influence of treatment methods on agrophysical soil properties and old Eastern galega stand root development

All mechanical effects are primarily aimed at improving soil conditions and the root system. Different treatment methods with different types of working organs affect the fractional composition of particles, agrophysical soil properties, and the ability to restore the root system of old-age, degraded stands of perennial grasses with a root-shoot root system. The article presents data on the results of three field experiments (2017–2019). An analysis of the fractional composition of soil with various cultivation methods was carried out, and the relationship between the number of first-order roots of the eastern goat grass stand and agrophysical soil properties was identified. The maximum soil fraction was 7 and 10 mm when treating with a BDT aggregate in one track, the minimum percentage was observed when treating with a Leader aggregate in two tracks to a depth of 10–12 and 16–18 cm. The greatest “clumpiness” of fractions was revealed with a smaller number of treatments. The optimal soil conditions for the growth and development of the root system of old-age goat grass stands in the 0–20 cm layer were established during flat cutting. By the end of the growing season, the number of first-order roots increased from 15,000 to 22,000 thousand units/ha.

The influence of soil treatment and irrigation methods on tomato yield and quality in the lowlands of Dagestan

A positive effect of irrigation of meadow-chestnut soil on soil fertility was described for the dry-steppe zone of Dagestan. The object of research was tomatoes (Gift variety) planted on irrigated lands of Dagestan. The subject of research is tillage and irrigation methods. The influence of agrotechnical methods on agrophysical soil properties, level and quality of tomatoes was determined. Maintaining the moisture of the active soil layer within 80…100 % NV can optimize agrophysical fertility indicators of the meadow-chestnut soil. In combination with tillage at a depth of 0.23…0.25 m, it ensures the tomato yield of 80…86 t/ha.

The influence of the tillage method on watermelon yield under wind erosion

The article presents the results of comparison of the methods of spring tillage for melons in the steppe ilmeni on the Baer hillocks. Agrophysical soil properties, wind resistance, weediness and yield were determined. During the growing of watermelon sprouts, the microaggregate soil structure was wind–unstable. In crops of watermelon cultivated after plowing and deep flat–cutting cultivation, a 2.6–2.8–fold decrease in the number of weeds was observed. The highest yield of Astrakhan was obtained as a result of spring tillage – 42.1 t/ha and deep plane–cutting – 41.3 t/ha. Flat–cutting treatment and the use of the fallow preserved the stubble and contributed to a 5–11–fold reduction in sand transfer under the influence of wind.

Influence of biologized crop rotations on agrophysical soil properties, crop weediness, and arable land productivity in the arid steppe of the Southern Urals

Influence of biologized crop rotations on agrophysical soil properties, crop weediness, and arable land productivity in the arid steppe of the Southern Urals

Effects of hydrothermal conditions on agrophysical properties of typical chernozem and crop rotation productivity in the system of organic farming

Relevance of research. Having the variability of hydrothermal conditions, the rate of plant life, the intensity of photosynthesis and evaporation and the activity of plant nutrient consumption change. As a rule, the optimization of the water-air regime of the soil by conducting various types of amelioration makes it possible to significantly reduce the negative effects of adverse weather conditions and ensure high sustainability of agroecosystems. However, with regard to the requirements for organic agriculture in the regions with a shortage of water supply without sufficient water resources and without the use of fertilizers to effectively conduct agricultural production is problematic. Thus, the establishment of the patterns of the dynamics of agrophysical soil properties, taking into account their impact on the bioproductivity of agrophytocenoses under variable weather conditions is the theoretical basis for solving the problem of increasing agricultural sustainability, in particular using only natural fertility and obtaining organic crop products.
 Purpose and objectives of research: To establish the mechanisms of changes in the nutrient regime of typical chernozem, its agrophysical properties and crop yields in different crop rotations in relation to the dynamics of agrometeorological factors under the conditions of insufficient water supply in the eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine; to evaluate the productivity potential of cereals and grain crops in the system of organic farming without the use of mineral fertilizers.
 Research methods and techniques. Evaluation of the changes in agrometeorological resources of the territory was carried out using the method of mathematical and statistical analysis of the indicators of heat and moisture supply conditions: climatic water balance and precipitation. The data obtained from the stationary experiment were processed by the methods of system generalization, correlation, economic, calculation and comparative analyzes.
 Research results and main conclusions. Based on the information obtained in the course the stationary agrotechnical experiment it was established that the soil density changes over the years and depends on the hydrothermal conditions with the approximation certainity of (R2) 0.75. The inverse relationship between the specific weight of the soil and its water conductivity in terms of crop rotations with R2=0.8-0.9, by years with R2=0.6 was revealed. The variation coefficient of legumes yield was 30-33%, winter wheat – 33-37%, spring barley – 36-37%, which are the indicators of its low stability over the years. Crop yields, depending on the weather conditions of the year, also fluctuated significantly: peas between 0.8-3.2, lathyrus – 0.8-2.6, winter wheat – 0.6-6.8, buckwheat – 0.6-1.9, spring barley – 0.6-3.5 t/ha. Crop rotation with peas in terms of productivity of 2.4 t/ha of grain on average outperformed the others (2.2 and 2.0 t/ha) while maintaining the patterns of fluctuations of this indicator in relation to hydrothermal conditions.
 Having the average statistical selling price, the yield per 1 ha of crop rotation area of all studied crop rotations was almost the same with the fluctuations in the unfavorable years of 27-35 c. u./ha, in favorable ones – 97-104 c. u./ha, with the average value of 66-73 c. u./ha. If we assume that the selling price of organic products will be 25% higher than usual, the average annual yield will triple.
 Prospects for further research should correspond to the global trend of scientific research aimed at developing conceptual bases for the effects of hydrothermal conditions on agrophysical soil properties, taking into account their impact on bioproductivity of agrophytocenoses as a theoretical basis for solving the problem of increasing agricultural sustainability, in particular, using only the natural fertility of the organic-oriented model of developing the agricultural sector of the economy.

Intensive Technology Before Seeding Treatment And Agrophysical Soil Properties

In the complex of agro-technical measures for the cultivation of cotton and obtaining high yields based on technical progress, the main and pre-sowing soil cultivation, biological characteristics of the variety, the timing and methods of sowing, rational water, nutritional, agrophysical soil regimes, optimal plant density and other agro-technical methods are important. Depending on the climatic, soil and hydrogeological conditions of the region. Before seeding, tillage is one of the most energy-intensive operations in agriculture. It requires a large amount of equipment, oil products, labour resources and time. Also, under conditions of intensification of agriculture, cultivation, along with a positive effect, can have a negative effect on the agrophysical properties of the soil if it is carried out incorrectly.

MECHANISM OF SOIL REPRODUCTION AND PRESERVATION IN THE SYSTEM OF ORGANIC FARMING

The problem of monitoring the condition of soils in Ukraine is not given due attention. This applies to the scientific field, where due to insufficient funding, full-fledged research is not conducted on the distribution, causes and ways to eliminate degradation. The same applies to the legislature and the executive, where no effective control measures have been developed. In general, the society does not create an atmosphere of maximum assistance for the preservation of soil cover as an indispensable national heritage. The media and educational institutions are indifferent to this problem. That is why these issues need immediate solution, namely, the development of an effective mechanism for reproduction and conservation of soils, taking into account the organic system of agriculture, which in recent years has attracted considerable interest not only scientists but also practitioners. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the system of organic farming in terms of ensuring balanced land use. The materials of the article are based on the study of the positive impact of organic agriculture on the reproduction and preservation of soils. The research methodology was based on a systematic approach and a dialectical method of understanding the organic principles of land use in agricultural production, taking into account retrospective analysis, monographic method, methods of synthesis and analysis. The essence of the system of organic farming from the point of view of ensuring balanced land use is revealed. The dynamics of land distribution in Ukraine by land for 2010-2017, which is characterized by an extremely high rate of agricultural development, which is significantly exceeds the ecologically reasonable limits are shown as well as the distribution of soil areas of Ukraine by humus content. The most important resource for soil humus reproduction remains organic fertilizers, plant residues, by-products, green manures, etc., the application of which has a positive effect on the agrochemical, physical and water-air properties of soils. The structure of mineral and organic fertilizers application in 1990-2018 is given. The main problems of agricultural land use are highlighted. Under modern conditions of agricultural production and existing land use systems, it is impossible to achieve even a simple reproduction of soil fertility without significant improvement of mechanisms for controlling their use by the state, and also the introduction of more effective, mostly economic, mechanisms to support soil protection measures. International experience shows that new information technologies, in addition to traditional research methods, will provide effective control of land use and soil protection at different spatial levels, from the state to a specific field. The mechanism of preservation and reproduction of soil fertility in the system of organic agriculture is proposed for use by agricultural commodity producers, which includes a set of measures aimed at restoring stocks of organic substances and improving agrophysical properties of soil. No less important is the state support in solving problematic issues, it is recommended to supplement the developed mechanism with such components as: legal, scientific and technical, economic, financial, scientific and educational supports. Organic agriculture through balanced land use increases the reliability and sustainability of modern agricultural systems. All the proposed methods and techniques of organic farming improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, namely: - increase nutrient reserves; - improve absorption capacity, moisture capacity and moisture permeability; - enriched with microflora; - improve the biological activity and physical state of the soil. Key words: organic cropping, soil, plowlands, structure of sown areas, reproduction and preservation of soils, organic agriculture.

CƏNUBİ MUĞANDA KƏNDƏTRAFI ÖRÜŞLƏRDƏ TORPAQLARIN AQROFİZİKİ XASSALƏRİNİN OPTİMALLAŞDIRILMASI

The article analyzes the agro-physical properties of soil in south Mughan’s rural pastures. According to the results of the research, it is recommended to regulate grazing in pastures and graze by kuz method, apply irrigation during the dry season, and take measures to restore vegetation. Key words: soil, agrophysical properties, soil moisture, water-physical regime, heat-air regime, porosity, pasture.