Agroecosystem Zones Research Articles

Agroecosystem-based analysis of household dietary diversity and its linkage with agricultural production diversification in the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia: Multilevel analysis approach

Even though the UN's Sustainable Development Goals emphasize improving dietary diversity and overall nutritional status globally by promoting sustainable agriculture, inadequately diversified dietary intake remains a public health problem in many low-income countries, including in Sub-Saharan Africa. The main objective of this study was to gather relevant information to gain an improved understanding of household dietary diversity and explore the role that production diversification could play within household diets and nutrition so that appropriate interventions could be implemented with the goal of enhancing nutrition-sensitive agriculture while also considering the varied features across the agroecosystems. Agroecosystem-based cross-sectional study design was employed. Data were collected predominantly through semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics, and a multilevel mixed-effect model. Results showed that the usual dietary intake of households has a monotonous pattern dominated by starchy staple foods, and consumption of fruits, vegetables, and animal-sourced foods was very limited. One out of five households had inadequate dietary diversity but varied significantly across agroecosystems. About 26% of the heterogeneity in dietary diversity was attributed due to agroecosystem level factors. In the fixed-effect part of the model, production diversification, wealth status, number of meals per day, market access, and annual mean rainfall were significantly associated with household dietary diversity status. The findings of our research contribute to give insights on the linkage between dietary diversity and production diversification among subsistence rural farmers across contrasting agroecosystem zones. Therefore, understanding agroecosystem variations and local context in the rural subsistence farming setup is a key point in designing nutrition-sensitive agriculture.

Media Design "Detector Marker" based on STEM with Dragon Fruit Peel Extract for Detectionof Formaldehyde Additives at School in Agroecosystem Zone

The use of prohibited food additives such as formalin is still often found, especially in the school environment. In fact, based on the 2012 Minister of Health Regulation No. 033, formalin is prohibited as a food additive. This phenomenon requires people to be quite observant in choosing food tools. In addition, many people think that the formalin content test can only be done through the laboratory, the formalin test can also be done by a simple reagent containing anthocyanin on dragon fruit skin. So, the researchers designed a simple STEAM-based media with a natural formaldehyde-detecting ingredient, namely red dragon fruit peel extract. This design is divided into two parts, namely the design of simple steam-based media and the manufacture of natural dragon fruit peel extract to detect the content of formaldehyde additives in food. The design was carried out by Grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 6 Jember. The final tool produced is a detector marker.

Characteristics of Paddy Gogo Stomata (Oryza sativa L.) Based on Different Altitude in Jayawijaya Regency

The leaves will absorb energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy which is stored in the form of sugar through photosynthesis. One of plants part mechanism that is controlled by sunlight is the stomata. The purpose of this study was to determine the stomata characteristics of paddy gogo leaves based on the altitude of the growing place in Jayawiaya Regency. There search was conducted in January – March 2019 in three agroecosystem zones in Jayawijaya Regency with five Paddy gogo varieties, namely the Inpago Unsoed 1 variety, Inpago Unsoed Parimas, Inpari 28, Inpago 9 and one local variety of Wamena (Moai) as comparison, which used a randomized block design method with varieties as a treatment and repeated 3 times for each agroecosystem zone. The results showed the varieties that resistant to environmental conditions in Jayawijaya Regency were Inpari 28 variety in Walelagama District (Zone1), Local of Wamena variety (Moai) in Kurulu District (Zone2) and Inpago Unsoed 1 variety in Sogokmo District (Zone3). This is because the high level of stomata density or the stomata index indicates that the plant cannot with stand water stress conditions or sub-optimall and conditions

Estimasi Produksi Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Menggunakan Pendekatan Ekologi Spasial Di Kabupaten Jeneponto

Jeneponto Regency is one of the biggest corn producers in South Sulawesi. Jeneponto Regency is the most suitable area for estimating corn crop production because it is the largest corn-producing region in South Sulawesi Province and has quite complex terrain variations. Agricultural management requires accurate and accurate information or data that can increase productivity and economic benefits. Get accurate and up-to-date data or information about parts of an accurate agricultural information system to support proper planning. The purpose of this study is to map climatic conditions (rainfall) and physical conditions (slope, height, soil type) and to estimate the amount of corn production and maize production maps through spatial assessment. This research was conducted in the Jeneponto Regency, which is located in the southern part of the South Sulawesi Province. The results of the study show that spatial ecology based on agro-ecosystem zones or agricultural unit units in the estimation of special maize production can increase estimation results with high accuracy. Based on the analysis of the four physical maps that have been mapped are rainfall, soil type, slope, and height which are regulated in the agro-ecosystem zone, the estimated amount with spatial ecological calculations is 159.584,05 tons. The accuracy of the estimation model results with field data reaches 95%. Based on the results of the study can conclude the results of spatial ecological research can be used as a method of estimating production on corn.

Analisis kelayakan ekonomi sistem pertanian terpadu pada zona agroekosistem lahan kering dataran rendah

This study aims to analyze the economic feasibility of integrated farming systems in lowland upland agroecosystem zones. The sampling method used in this study was simple random sampling with a sample of 32 farmers. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation techniques, interview techniques and literature search. Data analysis uses (1) revenue and revenue analysis and (2). Business feasibility analysis (R / C Ratio). The results showed that the results of the economic feasibility analysis of integrated farming systems in lowland dry land agroecosystems in Fatukanutu village, Kupang district, with an average land area of ​​1 ha. The total cost needed is IDR 28,015,000, with total receipts received IDR 76,902,000, and an income of IDR 48,887,000 per planting season. With an R / C Ratio of 2.73.

EVALUASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN PADI GOGO PADA TIGA KAWASAN AGROEKOSISTEM DI KABUPATEN JAYAWIJAYA

The people of Papua currently tend to consume rice continuously every year compared to local food. The purpose of this study was to determine the adaptive and high yielding upland rice varieties in three agroecosystem zones of Jayawijaya Regency. Testing of five varieties has been carried out in three agroecosystem zones in Jayawijaya Regency, namely zone 1 with an altitude of 1882 m above sea level (Walelagama District), zone 2 with an altitude of 2145 m above sea level (Kurulu District), and zone 3 with an altitude of 2653 m above sea level (Sogokmo District). The results showed adaptive Wamena Local (Moai) varieties growing in the three agroecosystem areas, which were seen in the parameters of plant height and number of leaves, followed by INPAGO INPARI 28 varieties. Meanwhile, in the production parameters achieved, INPAGO INPARI 28 varieties produced the highest panicles and grains in Walelagama District at 124.33 panicles and 10.62 t grains ha-1. Whereas in the Kurulu District (Zones 1 and 2) were 124.33 panicles and 3.53 t grains ha-1. The Sogokmo District was shown by INPAGO 9 variety (86.00 panicles and 2.97 t grains ha-1).

SALIBU technology in Indonesia: an alternative for efficient use of agricultural resources to achieve sustainable food security

SALIBU technology (rice ratooning modification) is an innovation in rice farming technology allowing ratoon crops to be harvested up to 3.5–4 times annually with a yield equivalent to that of the main crop. Although the practice of rice ratooning in Indonesia has a long history, SALIBU technology was invented as recently as 2010 by Mr. Erdiman, one of the co-authors of this paper. This technology is already well known by local farmers, who realize that with it, they need only sow and transplant once, and can then harvest repeatedly. Accordingly, it includes scope to reduce the time taken to cultivate paddies and the usage of water, seed and labor. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the SALIBU technology and to highlight its excellence in terms of its role in using agricultural resources efficiently. This paper also reviews several previous researches which become the basis of its innovations and development. One research was conducted by Erdiman et al. (2013) in several districts of West Sumatra Province related to treatments for: (1) stem-cutting height, (2) cutting timing and (3) dosage of NPK fertilizers. The research findings indicated that the optimum results in terms of productive tillers, number of grains per panicle and rice productivity came when the stem-cutting height was 3–5 cm above ground level and the stems were cut 7–8 days after harvesting and fertilizer dosage was 150 kg of urea and Ponska, respectively. Another experiment showed no significant difference in rice productivity among three agroecosystem zones namely highland, moderate and lowland for the application of SALIBU technology.

KAJIAN PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM PERTANIAN TERPADU PADA MODEL USAHATANI KONSERVASI BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI HEDGEROW DALAM PENGELOLAAN AGROEKOSISTEM LAHAN LERING DI DATARAN TINGGI NETPALA, TTS

This study aims to determine the feasibility of the Integrated Farming System (IFS) model on conservation farming with Hedgerow Technology which is applied in the Netpala village highland region to land productivity and interactions between components in the system. The study was carried out in the Agroecosystem Zone V, Netpala plateau, Mollo Utara District, TTS. The method used is the experimental method, through an on-farm research approach together with farmers. The results of the study showed that the conservation farming IFS model with Hedgerow technology could be developed in this region and positively correlated with agricultural productivity and income, ecologically, socio-culturally and economically. Positive interactions are indicated by an ecological and economic feasibility assessment. Economically indicated by the value of B / C ratio> 1 (2.07), which means that the IFS model has economic value and is worth developing. If you wish to write a persuasive, analytical, or comparative essay, contact professional write my essay service to assist you in the creation of your written assignment. Contact support to discuss the varieties of essays that can handle the type of assignments you have prepared. Professional writers are able to offer guidance as to which type of essay is best suited for your requirements and how to proceed from there.

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHATANI TERPADU PADA ZONA AGROEKOSISTEM LAHAN KERING DATARAN TINGGI BERBASIS KONSERVASI

This study aims to analyze the feasibility of the integrated farming system in a conservation-based highland and dryland agroecosystem zone between plants and livestock. The method of determining the sample used in the study was random with a sample size of 36 farmers. The data used in this study were collected through observation techniques, interview techniques, and desk study. The data then was examined through (1) analysis of revenues and revenues, and (2). Analysis of business feasibility. The result shows that from the results of economic analysis of integrated farming based on Conservation in Netpala village, North Molo sub-district, Timor Tengah Selatan district (TTS) with an average land area of 1 ha, the total cost needed was Rp. 27,550,000. IDR 84,600,000, and income of IDR 57,050,000 per planting season. With an R / C ratio of 2.07.

Relasi Variabel-Variabel Komunikasi dan Kapasitas Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim Petani Padi Sawah (Kasus Kabupaten Pasuruan Jawa Timur)

As a seasonal crop, rice production is highly depend on the carrying capacity of the climate, that the changing climate requires the adaptive capacity of the farmers. On the other hand, climate change is still a new and complex issue for most people which is followed by differences in response to its impact. This research tries to describe the relationship between communication variables and adaptive capacity to climate change of rice farmers. The survey method is applied in lowland, midland, and upland agroecosystem zones affected by climate change which are represented by 32 rice farmers each. The result shows that there is a very strong relation between climate change communication variables of the farmers and their capacity in adapting to the climate change. Therefore, the diversity of sources of climate change information of the farmers and the frequency of its use, and the exposure to climate change information and convergence of climate change communication of the farmers need to be improved.

Pyrethroids and DDT tolerance of Anopheles gambiae s.l. from Sengerema District, an area of intensive pesticide usage in north‐western Tanzania

To assess the susceptibility status of malaria vectors to pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), characterise the mechanisms underlying resistance and evaluate the role of agro-chemical use in resistance selection among malaria vectors in Sengerema agro-ecosystem zone, Tanzania. Mosquito larvae were collected from farms and reared to obtain adults. The susceptibility status of An. gambiae s.l. was assessed using WHO bioassay tests to permethrin, deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, etofenprox, cyfluthrin and DDT. Resistant specimens were screened for knock-down resistance gene (kdr), followed by sequencing both Western and Eastern African variants. A gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) was used to determine pesticide residues in soil and sediments from mosquitoes' breeding habitats. Anopheles gambiae s.l. was resistant to all the insecticides tested. The population of Anopheles gambiae s.l was composed of Anopheles arabiensis by 91%. The East African kdr (L1014S) allele was found in 13 of 305 specimens that survived insecticide exposure, with an allele frequency from 0.9% to 50%. DDTs residues were found in soils at a concentration up to 9.90 ng/g (dry weight). The observed high resistance levels of An. gambiae s.l., the detection of kdr mutations and pesticide residues in mosquito breeding habitats demonstrate vector resistance mediated by pesticide usage. An integrated intervention through collaboration of agricultural, livestock and vector control units is vital.

COMMUNICATION APPROACH FOR AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN VARIOUS AGRO-ECOSYSTEM ZONES: A Case Study in South Sumatra Province

An effective communication and dissemination of research results should be based on the natural resource endowment in each agro-ecosystem and the socio-economic background of the prospective clientele. The objective of this study was to examine several forms of communication approaches for disseminating agricultural technology and information. This study was based on a baseline survey conducted in four agroecosystems of South Sumatra Province, i.e. tidal swamp, swamp, dry lowland, and irrigated lowland. Results indicated that the social economic condition and natural resource endowment of farmers in the swamp agro-ecosystem zone (AEZ) of Ogan Komering Ilir is suitable for fishery development instead of food crop agribusiness. However, farmers in the swamp AEZ need technologies that reduce their workload in land cultivation and weeding activities. Further, as field extension workers (FEWs) were considered as the source of agricultural information by most farmers, the involvement of FEWs in agricultural research and technology assessment will increase the effectiveness of the innovation transfer, especially in the tidal swamp and irrigated lowland AEZs. In the four AEZs, the FEWs and farmer group leader can be used as an effective channel to convey agricultural technology and information in South Sumatra Province.

COMMUNICATION APPROACH FOR AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN VARIOUS AGRO-ECOSYSTEM ZONES: A Case Study in South Sumatra Province

An effective communication and dissemination of research results should be based on the natural resource endowment in each agro-ecosystem and the socio-economic background of the prospective clientele. The objective of this study was to examine several forms of communication approaches for disseminating agricultural technology and information. This study was based on a baseline survey conducted in four agroecosystems of South Sumatra Province, i.e. tidal swamp, swamp, dry lowland, and irrigated lowland. Results indicated that the social economic condition and natural resource endowment of farmers in the swamp agro-ecosystem zone (AEZ) of Ogan Komering Ilir is suitable for fishery development instead of food crop agribusiness. However, farmers in the swamp AEZ need technologies that reduce their workload in land cultivation and weeding activities. Further, as field extension workers (FEWs) were considered as the source of agricultural information by most farmers, the involvement of FEWs in agricultural research and technology assessment will increase the effectiveness of the innovation transfer, especially in the tidal swamp and irrigated lowland AEZs. In the four AEZs, the FEWs and farmer group leader can be used as an effective channel to convey agricultural technology and information in South Sumatra Province.

Riparian vegetation assessment of Cauvery River Basin of South India

The Cauvery river basin of South India has a large phyto-floristic wealth, rightfully enough to constitute a separate phyto-geographic unit. Increase in the anthropogenic pressures within the river basin and surrounding landscapes have persistently stressed the riparian ecosystem structure adversely, besides altering its composition. The objective of this study was to examine the present status of riparian vegetation along the Cauvery river basin, in response to anthropogenic pressures. For vegetation analysis, the riparian forest coming in the middle stretch of Cauvery river was categorized into two zones, viz., forest zone covering ~54km stretch and agroecosystem zone covering ~80km stretch. In each zone, tree species were quantified using transects at 8-km interval. Overall tree species accounting for both forest and agroecosystem were recorded and compared. The results indicate that the mean density and basal area of trees per plot were higher in the forest zone than agroecosystem zone. The Shannon-Weiner diversity of forest zone is 4.6, which is higher than agroecosystem. In addition, species composition indicated a relatively low or poor similarity between the two zones. The vegetation density and site disturbance scores for all the study sites reveals that sand mining and grazing areas have exerted negative impact on riparian forest. The results of the present study clearly brought out the need for preparing and implementing site-specific conservation plans for riparian ecosystem.