Agro-food Exports Research Articles

АГРОПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННЫЙ ЭКСПОРТ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ: ВЫЯВЛЕНИЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ И РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ ПОТЕНЦИАЛА

Agriculture is one of the priority areas for the development of the Russian economy, which accounts for about 4% of Russian GDP. Today, in a difficult geopolitical situation, the countries of the world (the majority) consider export activities as a key basis for the stability of the economy, support its development with the developed sets of measures. The purpose of the study was to identify current trends in the development of agro-food exports of the Russian Federation. Methods. The methods of system analysis, synthesis, generalization, and interpretation of the results were used in the work. In the course of the research, the systematization of statistical data, scientific publications of scientists on the topic of the presented work was carried out. Results. The current trend in the development of agro-food exports of the Russian Federation has been determined. Discussion. The goal was achieved by performing the following tasks: analysis of the share of exports of food products and raw materials for their production in the commodity structure of exports; assessment of the trend in the share of imports of food products and raw materials for their production from non-CIS countries in 2020-2022; determination of the vector of orientation of the benchmark of financial support for the promotion of Russian agro-food products. Conclusion. The study revealed a positive trend in the development of agri-food exports in the Russian Federation, characterized by a tendency to decrease the share of imports of food products and raw materials for their production from non-CIS countries in 2020-2022. It is stated that the benchmark of financial support for the promotion of Russian agri-food products should have a vector for the environmental friendliness of food products according to criteria in the leading importing countries of Russian agricultural products (China, Turkey).

English

This paper examines the competitiveness of The Gambia agri-food exports from 2012 to 2021 utilizing the revealed comparative advantage index, the Kaplan-Meier survival function, and Cox regression model. The results indicate that thirteen of the twenty-four products have comparative advantages in the global market, while seven of the twenty-four products have comparative advantages in the regional market. In terms of product structure, raw materials are sources of comparative advantage in global trade. While processed products offer comparative advantages in regional trade. In general, global agri-food trade has comparative advantages over regional agri-food trade. However, the duration test indicates that competitive positions are generally declining. Survival chances fell from 96% at the start of the period to 13% at the end, indicating that The Gambia faces fierce competition in global and regional agri-food trade. The hazard regression analysis reveals that inflation and good governance significantly reduce the hazard rate and hence improve the duration of agro-food exports. Key words: The Gambia, cox regression, agro-food trade, comparative advantage, competitiveness.

Совершенствование стратегического планирования экспорта продукции АПК в России

Since 2018, Russia has been actively developing agro-food exports as one of the priority areas of foreign economic activity, thereby implementing an export-oriented model of economic development of the agro-industrial complex. At the same time, despite the positive dynamics of the indicators of the implementation of the projects «International cooperation and export», «Export of agricultural products» and the presence of numerous sectoral, sectoral strategies and programs for the development of the agro-industrial complex and its subcomplexes, certain problems of the development of export activities remain, which are intensified under the influence of sanctions pressure, restrictive measures and the transformation of global food markets. The main problem is that despite the presence of a large number of legal documents that reflect the issues of agricultural exports, there is a lack of a targeted vision for its development in the long term. The target indicators of program and strategic documents on the regulation and development of exports of agri-food products in the Russian Federation are not always related to the declared goals, they are predominantly quantitative in nature. In order to resolve the problem, it is proposed to change the types of strategic planning to pre-active with the prospect of developing interactive approaches, review the principles and methodological planning tools, as well as the inclusion of goal setting for various participants in agricultural export planning at different levels of management. To form the concept of pre-active strategic development of exports of agricultural products, methods of comparative analysis, situational and systemic approaches were used. High-quality strategic planning of export activities in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation will allow developing a comprehensive science-based strategy, as well as creating an impulse for the formation of strategies at other levels (regional, municipal), subject to their harmonization. The latter will increase the manageability and efficiency of programs and projects for the development of agricultural exports in the Russian Federation.

KAZAKHSTAN'S FOREIGN TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS: OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH AND DIFERENTIATION

Purpose of the study. Assessment of the dynamics and structure of agro-food exports of the Republic of Kazakhstan and justifi cation of the development prospects of exports of agricultural products as a factor of growth of competitiveness of the national agro-food complex. Methodology. The article used the classical methodology of scientifi c research in economics and calculated a number of specifi c indicators of country and product exports. The sources of data were the materials of statistical compilations of offi cial state agencies of the Republic of Kazakhstan, COMTRADE international trade database. Originality / value of the research. The article substantiates the prospects of development of exports of agricultural and food products as a factor of growth of competitiveness of the national agro-food complex. The system of universal indicators that characterize structural changes in the agro-food complex is calculated. Findings. The calculation of the degree of concentration of exports of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the studied sector characterizes the weak level of diversifi cation of agro-industrial exports. This trend persists for a long time. Research on the trend of parameters of structural shifts in the export of agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan showed the stabilization of the structure of agro-food export, strengthening the specialization and concentration of domestic agro-food export. However, the main share of exported products is agricultural raw materials, which negatively aff ects the development prospects of the national agro-food complex.

ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ: ПОВОЄННИЙ КОНТЕКСТ

Забезпечення продовольчої безпеки на національному і глобальному рівнях на засадах сталості є одним з пріоритетів аграрної політики України. У довоєнний період вітчизняний агарний сектор гарантував високий рівень продовольчої безпеки нашої держави і суттєво впливав на насиченість глобального продовольчого ринку. Однак триваюча в Україні війна спричинила руйнування у сфері виробництва і збуту агропродовольчої продукції, що негативно позначилося на стані продовольчого ринку. В період воєнних дій значущість проблеми забезпечення національної продовольчої безпеки зростає багаторазово, хоча Україна і має достатньо резервів продовольчої продукції. Війна в Україні суттєво скоротила масштаби сільгоспвиробництва і змінила його структуру, що в найближчому майбутньому позначиться на динаміці агровиробництва і стані національної продовольчої безпеки. Крім того, вона негативно впливає на доходи населення, тому частка витрат на продовольство в сукупних витратах, яка є одним з ключових індикаторів продовольчої безпеки, зростатиме. Це свідчить про необхідність вжиття заходів для підвищення цінової доступності продовольства і внутрішнього продовольчого попиту. Відновлення й подальше зростання в повоєнний період рівня продовольчого забезпечення населення України, як і розвиток агропродовольчого експорту, вимагатимуть переходу до реалізації довгострокових цілей забезпечення національної продовольчої безпеки шляхом нарощування обсягів і асортименту агропродовольчого виробництва як результату його інноваційної модернізації та структурної трансформації. В основу стратегічного напряму модернізації аграрного сектору необхідно покласти концепцію екологічного ресурсозберігаючого сільського господарства, що забезпечить: збереження і відтворення родючості сільськогосподарських угідь як вирішального чинника продовольчої безпеки в довгостроковій перспективі; покращення якості продуктів харчування для населення; розширення експортного потенціалу агропродовольчої продукції за рахунок високоякісних товарів з вищою доданою вартістю.

Foreign Economic Priorities for the Development of Agro-Food Enterprises in European Integration Business Partnership

Agro-food production is a source of the national food security, the basis for increasing its export potential, meeting domestic demand for agricultural products and food. The relevance of the subject under study is that Ukraine is currently developing the European vector of foreign economic activity. The purpose of this study is to substantiate a set of indicators used to assess the export potential of agro-food enterprises in the European integration business partnership both qualitatively and quantitatively. The authors used general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis), integrated approach, model of the hierarchy of factors influencing the integration business environment on the export potential of enterprises. Permissible tariff quotas for the volume of duty-free exports of crop products, livestock, and processed goods for Ukraine have been allocated. The volume of concentration of production of export-oriented agricultural crops in the enterprises of agrofood production of Ukraine was analysed. It was established that the bulk of agro-food exports are agricultural raw materials, including cereals and oilseeds, vegetable (sunflower) oil. The study estimated the efficiency of corn exports on average per agro-food enterprise in Ukraine under the conditions of currency risks. It was determined that in 2020 the total export costs for 1 tonne amounted to 186.18 USD. Furthermore, it was found that the profit received as a result of export activity for 1 tonne was 76.90 USD. The authors identified the parameters of the regression equation and their estimation in the dependence model of Ukrainian internal prices on export prices for agrofood products on the world market. The gravitational model of the integrated level of the export potential of Ukrainian agro-food enterprises was proposed to stimulate foreign trade on the world market and ensure a stable business partnership with European Union member states

Reproductive toxicity in male juvenile rats: Antagonistic effects between isolated agrochemicals and in binary or ternary combinations

The management of agrochemicals in Brazilian agriculture impacts global environmental sustainability and food security, since this country is one of the major agro-food exporters in the world. Acephate, carbendazim, and dithiocarbamates (DTCs) such as mancozeb, are among the most detected agrochemicals in Brazilian agro-food products, occurring in combination in several crops, especially in fruit cultures. The present study evaluated the impact of the exposure to isolated agrochemicals and all the combined possible mixtures (binary and ternary forms) on the reproductive parameters of male juvenile rats, known to be a vulnerable biological system and developmental window. Data were analyzed using Generalized Linear Models (GzLM), considering each agrochemical as an independent factor. The study revealed higher reproductive toxicity exerted by isolated agrochemicals when compared to the combined treatments, which exhibited mostly an antagonistic effect. Results suggest endocrine disruptive effects of each one separately on the weight of reproductive organs and testicular histomorphometry, besides changes in testicular SOD activity. The full factorial experimental design employed here allowed us to conclude that it is not possible to scale-up the effects of the isolated treatments to the mixtures, showing how difficult it is to know beforehand the response and cross-talk among the multiple physiological mechanisms disturbed by complex mixtures. Considering that food products are shared on a global scale and that some of these three agrochemicals have already been prohibited in EU countries, the consumption of some Brazilian products puts global human health at risk, that of children.

Trends in the Formation of the Commodity Composition of the Russia’s Agrofood Exports

Trends in the Formation of the Commodity Composition of the Russia’s Agrofood Exports

THE AGRO-FOOD EXPORT TRENDS IN UKRAINE: FOCUS ON GRAIN CROP MARKET

The analysis of agro-food export trends in Ukraine on the example of grain crop market during 2006-2019 was done. According to study data the share of grain exports as raw materials among all agro-food products increased from 28.73% in 2006 to 43.50% in 2019. The share of flour-grinding products and ready-made grain products in total agro-food export was almost unchangeable (increase from 0.77% to 0.91% and from 2.44% to 1.22% respectively). The amount of flour-grinding products and ready-made grain products export were in 100-200 times less than the amount of grain export as raw material. Our data has shown that export revenue from sale of grain crop and flour-grinding grain products were positively correlated with export amount (r=0,9228 and 0,8836 respectively, p˂0.001). By contrast, the relation between export price and export revenue was not significant (r=0,1498 and -0,0806 respectively). At the same time, export revenue from the sale of ready-made grain products had a significant impact both on export price and export amount, which confirms positive association between evaluated parameters (r=0,9733 and 0,9706 respectively, p˂0.001). This fact has confirmed the possibility of increasing the currency revenue from ready-made grain products export compared to the grain export as raw materials. In addition to direct positive impact on the economics, an increase of processing grain crop export should have a number of accompanying positive effects.

The Impact of Food Safety Standards on Agro-food Exports to Belt and Road Countries

This paper explores the effects of mandatory standards and voluntary standards on China exports of agriculture goods to the Belt and Road(B&R for short) countries from the perspective of the stocks of China’s food standards. The panel dataset covers four products from 2002 to 2015 based on the International Classification of Standards (ICS). The empirical results generally indicate that China’s mandatory national standards have negative effects on its exports to B&R countries. Given the lag effect of standards, one-year lagged standard variables are included in the model specification, and the estimates of these one-year lagged standards show that one-year lagged standards have positive and significant impacts on China’s export performance to the region, except for one-year lagged voluntary national standards, which are insignificant statistically. In addition, this paper investigates the effects of standards on the exports of specific product groups to the region, and finds out different effects of standards for different product groups.

MARKETS OF GEORGIAN AGRO-FOOD PRODUCTS AND EXPORT STIMULATING ECONOMIC POLICY

The article substantiates the importance of the development of food markets in the solution of food security problem. It is argued that the tendency of demand for food has an increasing trend and the development of food markets still remains one of the most important challenges of contemporary world. The study analyzes the markets of Georgian agro- food products and studies the modern challenges in these markets. Comparative analysis of Georgian and Spanish food markets is conducted. The article estimates the positive and negative trends of export of Georgian agro-food products as well as the possibilities of diversification of products in the food markets. According to “The Impact-Immediacy” matrix the hindering factors of Georgian agro products export are identified. Using the «Priority Scheme» the priorities of economic policy stimulating the export of agro-food products are revealed. In terms of geographical orientation of the export the possibilities of diversification of food markets are discussed, especially in European markets. The conclusion is made that, in general, European food market is characterized by the growing tendency. However, in these markets there is no similar tendency for Georgian agro-food products. According to the study of the share of Georgian products and export growth rates in different countries the positive correlation between these variables is determined. But this circumstance is not considered to be sufficient for the positive impact on the economic growth. The conclusion is made that using effective mechanisms of export stimulation allows the diversification of export of Georgian agro products on the traditional but growing food markets on the one hand and on the other hand the expansion of geographical area of export markets.

COMMODITY STRUCTURE OF EXPORT AND IMPORT OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PRODUCTS

In the article we analyze the state of development of the domestic agrarian sector of the economy and the tendency of the formation of export batches of products. The current pace of development of the agrarian sector shows that the production of agricultural products is growing faster than the growth of domestic demand, which necessitates the search for new trading partners. This provides an opportunity for expanding foreign markets, receiving currency revenues into the country's economy. We analyzed the commodity structure of the export and import of agricultural and food products. The top 10 agro-food export and import products for 2018 are identified. We have investigated the specifics of trade in agrarian products with the countries of the European Union. We found that the main products of Ukrainian agroexport, which were put on the EU market are cereals and oilseeds. Growth of exports to the EU countries also occurred due to an increase in the supply of niche, processed and prepared food products. As a result of our research, we analyzed the current state of agricultural markets and found that global trends in food consumption (population growth) and non-food use of oilseeds (feed and biodiesel), causes the problem of internal satisfaction of individual needs in many countries of the world, causes significant investments in this branch in Ukraine.

Возможности моделирования мирового рынка агропродовольственных товаров с использованием агент-ориентированного подхода

With the turbulence in global trade and the necessity to develop non-commodity exports in Russia, the choice of an effective strategy for exporters’ conduct in the food market is becoming vitally important these days. Agent-based models simulating the behavior of decentralized self-learning agents with their own goals and capabilities can be used as the tools for analyzing and predicting market movements. The paper presents the results of the agent-based approach to market modeling by the example of barley, which is one of the top commodity items of the Russian food exports on the basis of FAOSTAT and Rosstat data for the period 1997–2017. As a result of the study, an agent-based model of the world barley market was built, and a series of calculated experiments was carried out in the AnyLogic development environment with the changes in such factors as the level of global demand, the amount of customs duties, the exporting companies’ funds in order to determine the strategic conduct of the exporting agents taking into account the limited rationality of the participants in communicative interaction. The proposed approach develops modern theory of consumer behavior and simulation, and the results of the study can be used in the formation of development programs for the Russian agro-food exports.

Protectionism, how stupid is this? The causal effect of free trade for the world’s poorest countries: Evidence from a quasi-experiment in Switzerland

Against the background of a possible revival of protectionism, we study a quasi-experimental situation in Switzerland to estimate the causal effect of free market access on agro-food exports of least-developed countries. We show that due to this setup our study is not suffering from selection and attrition issues plaguing existing studies. To estimate the causal effect of a unilateral trade liberalization we implement a difference-in-differences model based on synthetic control methods. We find that on average agro-food exports of least-developed countries to Switzerland were about 80% higher due to the introduction of free market access. In other words, if Switzerland had followed the path of protectionism, least-developed countries’ agro-food exports would have been almost half of what they are under free trade.

COMPETITIVIDAD COMERCIAL EXTERIOR DE LAS ACTIVIDADES AGROALIMENTARIAS ANDALUZAS 2006-2014

En un mundo cada vez más globalizado, mirar al exterior se convierte en una salida para una economía que encuentra su mercado interior mermado por la crisis económica. Andalucía no ha sido una excepción y ha puesto su mirada en los mercados exteriores ante el colapso del interior durante el periodo de crisis.Dado que el sector agroalimentario andaluz es uno de los más destacados de su economía, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal conocer el comportamiento de las exportaciones agroalimentarias andaluzas en relación con la UE-28 para el periodo 2006-2014. Para ello hemos tratado de descubrir el comportamiento de los sectores exportadores agroalimentarios intra y extra-UE (capítulos arancelarios 1 al 24), en función de su especialización exportadora y de su carácter competitivo o dinámico según la técnica shift–share; comprobando su relación con la cuota de mercado.Para alcanzar dicho objetivo hemos aplicado la técnica del análisis de los desplazamientos o análisis shift–share, y hallado la especialización y las cuotas de mercado.Sabiendo que toda agregación disminuye el conocimiento y el detalle, hemos desagregado cuatro capítulos arancelarios hasta los cuatro dígitos, lo que nos ha permitido un conocimiento más detallado de cada uno de dichos sectores, comprobando, que, al desagregar, nos encontramos con subsectores cuyo comportamiento individual puede presentar diferencias más o menos importantes respecto al sector agregado.En definitiva, un análisis de las exportaciones agroalimentarias andaluzas como el realizado nos permite mejorar el conocimiento del sector y, en consecuencia, poder detectar las fortalezas y debilidades del mismo.AbstractIn an increasingly globalized world, looking out becomes a way out for an economy that its domestic market has been eroded by the economic crisis. Andalusia hasn’t been an exception and set its sights on foreign markets due to the collapse of its interior one during the crisis.Since the Andalusian agro-food sector is one of the highlights of its economy, this article's aim is "To know the behavior of Andalusian agro-food exports in relation to the EU-28 for 2006-2014 period". To do that we've tried to find out the behavior of EU and non-EU agri-food export sectors (tariff chapters 1 to 24), depending on their export specialization and its competitive and dynamic character using the “shift–share” technique; checking their relationship with the market share.To achieve that goal we applied the analysis of displacement technique or shift–share analysis, and found the expertise and market shares.Knowing that any aggregation reduces the knowledge and the detail, we have unbundled four tariff chapters to four digits, which has allowed us a detailed knowledge of each of those sectors, verifying that, by breaking down, there are subsectors whose Individual behavior may have differences, more or less significant, in the aggregate sector.In short, an analysis of the Andalusian agro-food exports like the one done allows us to improve the knowledge about the sector and thus to be able to detect that the strengths and weaknesses.

IMPACT OF AGRI-FOOD EXPORTS ON THE EU COUNTRIES’ AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

The aim of the study is to investigate the dynamic relationship between agro-food exports and production of agricultural sectors of EU countries in the period of 1994-2011. In the sake of accessing the degree of the interdependency between researched factors the time series techniques were employed. The first stage of the analysis was the assessment of the modeling process formal condition – the examination of variables stationarity. Because the stationarity hypothesis was rejected, the variables were differentiated to achieve stationarity. Subsequently, considered relationship was quantified by the mean of dynamic panel model. The model parameters suggest considerable impact of agro-food exports as immediate factor stimulating agricultural production among EU countries.

Quality of institutions and the BRIC countries agro-food exports

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impacts of institutional quality (IQ) in exporting and importing countries on agro-food exports from the world's leading emerging economies: Brazil, the Russian Federation, India and China (BRIC countries). Design/methodology/approach – Measuring is based on using the gravity trade model and econometric panel data analysis for the period 1998-2009. Findings – Agro-food exports from the BRIC countries, particularly Brazil and China, have increased. The Russian Federation has experienced stagnating and volatile patterns. Brazil and India have strengthened market shares in the existing importing markets, while the Russian Federation has experienced severe deterioration. The export of existing products is more important than of new products. Agro-food exports are positively associated with IQ and the size of the gross domestic product in exporting and importing countries, but negatively with distance. Research limitations/implications – Among IQ variables, the focus is on the indices of legal structure and security of property rights and freedom to trade internationally in agro-food importing countries and the BRIC exporting countries. Practical implications – Different institutions and their quality can affect agro-food exports differently. The impact of institutions is not uniform across product groups. Originality/value – This paper adds the impacts of IQ on agro-food exports. Except for processed products for final household consumption, agro-food exports from the BRIC countries are positively associated with the quality of the legal structure, the security of property rights and the freedom to trade internationally as IQ in exporting and importing countries.

Chinese Consumption Patterns and Marketing Strategy for Korea's Agro-Food Export

Chinese Consumption Patterns and Marketing Strategy for Korea's Agro-Food Export

농식품 수출조직화 방안에 대한 수출업체 의식 연구

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information on exporter's coordination methods from the attitude of agro-food exporters. The implications are; Firstly, most of exporters believe that the agro-food export raises farmer's competitiveness rather than it does the farmhouse's income increase. Secondly, The stabilization of the farm-gain income by exporting agricultural products are most important in order to reinforce the cohesion between farmers and exporters. Thirdly, the exporters intend to participate in establishing and operating a large-scale producers' organization and marketing company under export polices. So, it is necessary that the government drive to coordinate the exporters and producers.

Impacts of the global financial and economic crisis on the agro-food industry and rural livelihoods in Serbia

Sixty-five per cent of the Serbian land area is agricultural and 55% of the population is rural.Agriculture share of GDP is more than 10% and about 47% of the rural labour force deals with agriculture. The aim of this work is to analyse the impacts of the global financial and economic crisis on the Serbian agro-food sector and rural communities. Measures introduced, mainly by public institutions, for relieving the consequences of the crisis are presented and discussed. Easily accessible yet high quality data from the central Office of Statistics in Serbia and specialized literature have been used. Impacts have been assessed by analyzing and discussing the trends of many socio-economic indicators. The crisis has had general impacts on the Serbian economy (low GDP growth, unemployment increase, price volatility, purchasing power decrease, etc.). Due to the crisis growth in agricultural production has been very low (0.1% in 2009). Agro-food exports decreased dramatically in 2008. About 9000 agricultural jobs were lost in 2008 and 2009. Reduced exports and lower domestic demand impacted negatively on agricultural commodity prices and agricultural household incomes.Access to credit became more difficult especially for small producers. However, agriculture is still a very important safety net. Agricultural employment share has increased both for men and women. The importance of agriculture is even higher if we consider the “grey agricultural economy”. To mitigate the crisis effects, the Government provided subsidies to rural people and will adopt the National Strategic Plan and Programme for Rural Development. Nevertheless, public institutions - in partnership with private, civil society and international organisations - should improve rural producers’ access to market information and credits and foster investments in rural areas including non-agricultural ones and those aiming at improving physical capital.