Growth Of Agricultural Sector Research Articles

The Spatial Effect of Agricultural Sector Growth in West Java: A Spatial Approach to Panel Data


 The agricultural sector is strategic and the third-largest contributor to the GRDP of West Java Province, but its growth has slowed during the 2016–2019 period. The slow growth rate can be caused by the determinants of the growth of the agricultural sector itself and is very likely to be affected by the spatial interaction between regions in the province. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the spatial effect between regions on the growth of the agricultural sector in West Java and identify the factors that influence the growth of the agricultural sector within the province by using spatial analysis of panel data. The results reveal that the appropriate model is a fixed effect spatial error model, which shows an effect of spatial interaction between regions on the growth of the agricultural sector in West Java Province. The factors that affect the growth of the agricultural sector are agricultural credit, agricultural road infrastructure, and diversification of economic activities.
 
 Keywords: agricultural sector growth, spatial autoregressive, spatial error model, spatial panel data

Computing Cost and Time Contingency for Box Culverts Construction Projects using Integrated Risk Management Technique

Construction and rehabilitation of water control structures in Egypt considered as an important project, as it influences the usage of water resources in Egypt which become limited resources due to water scarcity existed in the last decades. Also these projects helps in the optimization of water resources, Moreover it helps in the growth of agricultural and industrial sector. Project Risk Management (RMP) is considered as a vital and important tool in decision making, thus RMP used as a planning management system to detect risks affecting project deliverables; such as cost and time target. This research shows how to optimize the deliverables for construction of box culverts in Egypt, through a well-defined risk management framework and real case study for a certain project executed in the last decade. Finally, this study shows how to calculate cost and time contingency for these projects through an integrated risk management technique. Finally this study shows hazard risk identification and assessment for these type of projects. The conclusion of this study show that the cost contingency needed to resolve different risk factors arise in the shown case study is to increase the estimated budget with average value 11.50 percent on the total estimated budget, as well as the time contingency is found with average value 16.00 percent to be added over the total original baseline schedule of the construction project.

Sectoral Growth, Exports, and Energy Consumption: A Case of Pakistan

Economic Growth is a prominent factor to affect the energy consumption of Pakistan. This study tends to explore the influence of GDP growth of sectoral growth, agricultural, industrial and service sector on the level of energy consumption fossil fuel in Pakistan from 1990 to 2019 long period of time. The data was obtained from WDI (World Development Indicators). ARDL (Auto Regressive Distributive Lag Model) econometric model was designed to look into the impacts of fossil fuel or energy consumption on Pakistan’s economic growth in both the short-run and long-run. Results revealed negative impacts of energy consumption or the use of fossil fuel on industry, personal expenditures, and exports of goods and positively affect agriculture and services and model is significant. These results showed that that economic expansion plays important role to increase energy consumption of Pakistan.

Disaggregated Analysis of Economic Growth of Pakistan

Achieving higher levels of economic growth is the key aim of every economy. This study is designed to explore the disaggregated analysis of the economic growth of Pakistan from 1970 to 2020. Different econometric techniques are applied to estimate the results such as the ADF test, Wald test, and ARDL model. ADF test points out the mixed order of integration of variables. ARDL estimates found that labor force participation rate, services sector growth rate, agriculture sector growth rate, and industrial sector growth rate are positively and significantly related to the economic growth in Pakistan. The outcomes of the study demonstrate that agriculture, services, and industrial sectors are important boosting factors of economic growth. By keeping in view the findings it is suggested that special attention needs to be taken to boost the production of industrial, services, and agriculture sectors in Pakistan.

The role of radio and television in the dissemination of agricultural technologies among farmers of Bangladesh

Radio and television are the most influential mass media to stimulate farming community to proper direction of their farming works. These two powerful media have proved to be most useful ICT tools in the field of agricultural information source. Different studies reveal that farmers obtained right and time bound information from radio and television channels. This study was carried out to assess the role of radio and television in the dissemination of agricultural technologies among farmers in some regions of Bangladesh. It was conducted to assess how radio and television are contributing to the growth of agriculture sector. The study also reveals some problems faced by the farmers in using radio and television. A random sampling technique was used on 1170 respondents to collect the data through a well structure questionnaire. The study results point out that the radio and television had an effective role in improving awareness and increasing the modern technological knowledge of farmers. The television and radio programs also helped farmers’ access marketing information. The study showed that the respondents have different degree of accessibility to different radio and television channels on agricultural programs. Bangladesh J. Agri. 2019-2021, 44-46: 55-64

Sustainable Economic Development of Ukraine through the Agro-Sector Growth

The urgency of the research forms the complex of agricultural sector productivity problems, employment level reduction problems, low wages level, and land productivity reduction. The article is devoted to searching for agrarian sector development directions, which promotes steady economic development based on identified problems. The research aims to develop proposals for solving the main agro-sector problems, which contribute to sustainable economic growth. The article develops the methodology of analysis and uses statistical analysis, probability theory, and generally scientific methods of knowledge. The study brings evidence of the leading hypotheses proposed and the table in the “problem-solution” format. It is proved that the agriculture of Ukraine has a heavy influence on the economy and employment. Agriculture is characterised by instability, low wages, and increased land for growing plant products, while livestock farming is in decline. The following methods are used to solve the problems: market transformation on finished food-product, diversification of production, de-shadowing of the sector, agriculture automation increase, land reform controlling, stimulating farming state programmes. The originality of this study lies in the authors’ sustainable development analysis methodology through the agricultural sector growth. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of implementing recommendations at the macro- and microeconomic levels. A further research field forms the automation processes in agriculture available to small and medium-sized farmers

Transportation moderation in agricultural sector sustainability - a robust global perspective.

The agriculture sector creates nearly a quarter of the total GHG emissions globally as production and transportation activities in the agriculture sector mostly use fossil fuels, creating carbon emissions. In this regard, it is highly important to study the environmental sustainability of agriculture sector growth by using the theory of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Furthermore, this research study is aimed to assess the moderation role of transportation competitiveness in determining the carbon emissions of transportation sector by using agriculture sector value addition. The study uses panel quantile regression technique for data analysis of 121 countries by covering time period from 2008 to 2018. The study results validated the agricultural EKC across four different quantile groups based on carbon emissions of transport sector. The moderation of transportation competitiveness is observed in changing the turning point and flattening of agricultural EKC indicating the early achievement of maturity. The quality of institutions and planned increase of population can help reduce carbon emissions of transportation sector. The moderation of transportation competitiveness implicates the importance of planning and efficiently operating the transportation sector to mitigate carbon emissions.

Regional Convergence in Agricultural Sector Growth in North-eastern Rajasthan

The present study is an attempt to analyse the district-level disparity in agriculture sector development in north-eastern Rajasthan across 11 districts. To measure the regional disparities and identify the factors underlying the convergence or divergence in agriculture sector development the coefficient of variation (CV) and agriculture development index have been computed. District-wise agricultural development index (ADI) has been constructed for two cross-section years 2005–2006 and 2017–2018, and districts have been classified into three development categories on the basis of values of indices. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been used. To identify the factors and their impact underlying the convergence or divergence in agriculture sector development, the multiple regression technique has been applied. The study finds wide disparities in level of development in agriculture sector across the districts. However, disparities have reduced during the period 2005–2006 to 2017–2018. The study suggests that policymakers should stress on irrigation facilities, farm inputs supply, road connectivity and R&D in agricultural inputs for raising the agriculture sector productivity and income in less-developed districts. Committed and well-planned measures on the part of the policymakers are needed if the development policy is to be made truly inclusive in the state.

IMPACT OF THE MINING AND AGRICULTURE SECTOR ON THE MONGOLIAN ECONOMY

Increasing the use of natural resources can improve the country’s wealth, but it has adverse effects caused by improper usage, and it is non-renewable. The depletion of natural resources is a global environmental issue that threatens the livelihoods of billions of people. Moreover, not all resource-rich countries are highly developed. Mongolia is one of the natural resources-rich countries in the world. The agricultural sector is Mongolia’s traditional economic sector, and it still plays an essential role in the country’s economy. This paper investigated the interrelation between the agriculture and the mining sectors and their impact on Mongolia’s economic growth. A multiple-stage regression model was used to analyse the selected variables’ time series data over 20 years of Mongolia. In addition to the model’s sectoral data per capita wealth, other control variables are added to explain economic convergences, human capital impact, and government size. Result proves that the mining sector has a substantial impact on the economic growth of Mongolia. However, agricultural sector growth does not depend on the mining sector. The high dependency from one sector, particularly the extractive sector, warns against the sustainable development of the country’s economy. Therefore, it is essential to support agriculture and other secondary sectors based on renewable natural resources and agriculture.

Empirical Analysis of Total Factor Productivity of the Agriculture Sector and Economic Growth of Pakistan

Empirical Analysis of Total Factor Productivity of the Agriculture Sector and Economic Growth of Pakistan

PUBLIC EXPENDITURE FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT & THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF BIHAR (1981- 2019)

This study explores the relationship between public expenditure on the agricultural sector and economic growth in the agriculturally underdeveloped states of Bihar over the period 1981-2019. In estimating the longrun model, first, the time series characteristic of the data is tested using ADF and the PhillipsPerron tests. Then, the Johansen cointegration test was conducted. Both The longrun and shortrun estimate result shows that public spending on the agricultural sector has a significant effect on the per capita real GDP. This study revealed that government spending on the agricultural sector has an insignificant effect both in the longrun and shortrun periods. While agriculture is the dominant sector and the majority of rural society is engaged in this sector, hence it needs to reduce unproductive government consumption expenditure and give attention to redirecting to productive activities. This will stimulate activities in the economic sectors and, perhaps, converse the insignificant effect on economic growth. The gross fixed capital formation has a positive and significant impact on per capita real GDP in Bihar during the period under review. This result seems to imply that the government should have to build up capital stock by the accumulation of capital formation regularly to improve the per capita real GDP. The labor force has an insignificant effect on the growth of per capita real GDP. Hence, improving the productivity of the labor force through technical and vocational training should have to be a prominent task.

Impact of Agricultural Input Supply on Agricultural Growth in Nigeria

Improving the production capacity of agriculture in Nigeria through agricultural input supply is an important policy goal in a country where agriculture represents an important sector in the economy. The agricultural sector provides livelihood to a significant portion of Nigerian population, especially in rural areas, where poverty is more pronounced. Thus, a growing agricultural sector contributes to both overall growth and poverty alleviation. The study specifically examined the effects of agricultural input supply on agricultural growth in Nigeria from 1990 to 2017. The objective of this study is to examine agricultural input supply in Nigeria and its implications on the growth of agricultural growth in Nigeria. The study used time series data covering 1986-2016 obtained from FAOSTAT, World Development Indicator and Central Bank of Nigeria data base. This study utilized Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to investigate the variables. The finding of the study shows that there is co-integration between the variables. The result of the study shows that gross capital formation and Fertilizer supply to agriculture were significant in influencing agricultural growth in Nigeria with coefficient values of (-0.002468), and (0.001506), with P- values of (0.0222) and (0.0171) respectively. Given the robust nature of the result, it is evident that agricultural input supply contributes in great measure to agricultural growth in Nigeria. The study then conclude that agricultural input is essential for the growth of agricultural sector in Nigeria and recommend that given the lean resources available to government, attention should be given to the inputs that contributes significantly to the growth of the sector.

Impact of Agricultural Input Supply on Agricultural Growth in Nigeria


 
 
 Improving the production capacity of agriculture in Nigeria through agricultural input supply is an important policy goal in a country where agriculture represents an important sector in the economy. The agricultural sector provides livelihood to a significant portion of Nigerian population, especially in rural areas, where poverty is more pronounced. Thus, a growing agricultural sector contributes to both overall growth and poverty alleviation. The study specifically examined the effects of agricultural input supply on agricultural growth in Nigeria from 1990 to 2017. The objective of this study is to examine agricultural input supply in Nigeria and its implications on the growth of agricultural growth in Nigeria. The study used time series data covering 1986-2016 obtained from FAOSTAT, World Development Indicator and Central Bank of Nigeria data base. This study utilized Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to investigate the variables. The finding of the study shows that there is co-integration between the variables. The result of the study shows that gross capital formation and Fertilizer supply to agriculture were significant in influencing agricultural growth in Nigeria with coefficient values of (-0.002468), and (0.001506), with P-values of (0.0222) and (0.0171) respectively. Given the robust nature of the result, it is evident that agricultural input supply contributes in great measure to agricultural growth in Nigeria. The study then conclude that agricultural input is essential for the growth of agricultural sector in Nigeria and recommend that given the lean resources available to government, attention should be given to the inputs that contributes significantly to the growth of the sector.
 
 

Policies supporting for agricultural cooperatives in Vietnam: An experience from agricultural cooperatives in the Red River Delta

Agricultural cooperatives have been established in Vietnam since the 1950s. During its development, agricultural cooperatives have made significant contributions to the growth of agricultural sector and to the improvement of farmers' income who are members of the cooperatives. Since Vietnam implemented the "Innovation-Doi moi" in 1986, the Government has continued to issue many policies to support for agricultural cooperatives. However, the impact of these policies on the development of almost all agricultural cooperatives has not been as expected. This paper aims to analyze the implementation of several policies supporting for agricultural cooperatives; to identify advantages and disadvantages of these policies; and to propose solutions for improving policies in the furture. In addition to secondary data from the Vietnam Cooperative Alliance, this paper uses primary data collected from 60 agricultural cooperatives in the Red River Delta to analyze the implementation of policies on cooperative staffs training, cooperative finance supporting, and cooperative land supporting. Bascially, the results show that the policy on training cooperative staff is quite well implemented, it helps to improve the capacity of cooperative managers in all surveyed cooperatives. In contrast, the finance supporting policy has many regulations that make it difficult for agricultural cooperatives to access capital, only nearly 30% of surveyed cooperatives get loans for production. Similarly, the land supporting policy also has unreasonable regulations which prevent agricultural cooperatives from scaling-up production because of the lack of farm-land. Consequently, about 60% of surveyed cooperatives are supported to rent farm-land for expanding agricultural production.

Kajian Ekonomi Subsektor Peternakan di Kawasan Sulampua (Tahun 2014-2019)

Animal Husbandry has an important role in accelerating the growth of agriculture sector as a part of food security. However, this subsector is considered gaining not much priority as other subsectors in agriculture sector, particularly in ten provinces in Sulampua (Sulawesi, Maluku and Papua) region. Generally, the economic growth of this subsector in those provinces have fluctuated from 2014 to 2019 and its contributions to Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) for both farming sector and the total GRDP by province are significantly small. Two purposes of this study are to describe the challenges of animal husbandry in Sulampua (the population of livestock, the economy’s growth of animal husbandry and based-area groups) and to gain analysis as early information for comparative advantages and the prospect of livestock market for subsector. Data used in this study is from BPS-Statistic Indonesia consisting of GRDP by province, the farms’ farmer trade, and the total population of livestock. This study uses descriptive analysis namely Klassen Typology, Location Quotient (LQ) and Shift Share Analysis (SSA). According to Klassen Typology, the animal husbandry in Maluku Utara, Papua and Papua Barat have been relatively less developed. The result of LQ is livestock in five provinces excluding South Sulawesi is a leading sector while the result of SSA reveals that the animal husbandry in three provinces (Sulawesi Tenggara, Maluku and Papua Barat) have been relatively no comparative advantages in national level. In conclusion, the animal husbandry in provinces in Maluku and Papua have been growing slower than in Sulawesi.

Economic Growth and Poverty in West Kalimantan

Ideally, the economic development that has been carried out will produce high economic growth as well as improve the welfare of the community. However, based on existing realities, the benefits of economic growth cannot be felt directly, resulting in poverty. In an effort to analyze economic growth and poverty, this study was performed by collecting samples of all districts/cities in West Kalimantan Province from 2010 to 2020, which were then analyzed using two-stages simultaneous equations. The endogenous variables in this study were economic growth and poverty, while the exogenous variables were household consumption, investments, per capita income, and agriculture sector growth. The results showed that poverty had a negative impact on economic growth, but household consumption and investment had no effect. At the same time, per capita income economic growth has a negative effect on poverty, while economic growth and agriculture sector growth has no effects on poverty. Therefore, the quality of economic growth in West Kalimantan must be further improved by focusing on the poor (pro poor).

Analyzing the Growth and Performance of Agriculture Sector in Nepal


 Agriculture is the backbone of Nepalese economy but higher poverty, constant trade deficit and erratic inflation rate has led to the shrinkage of agriculture share in the national GDP from 27.59% in last fiscal year to 26.98% in this fiscal year. Agriculture production rate is increasing at an average rate of 2.7% but is expected to grow at 5.1% this year due to the better monsoon. Nepal shares 0.66%, 0.27%,0.22% and 0.4% in global production of rice, wheat, maize and pulses respectively in the year 2018-19. The production of oilseeds has increased to 9.89% in 2018-19 from 4.68% in 2014-15. The minimal increment to 0.36% in 2018-19 from 0.3% in 2008-09 is noticed in case of production of vegetables. The share of Nepal in global production of fruit is only 0.16% in 2018-19 after increment from 0.1% in 2008-09. The share of Nepal in global milk production is very low i.e.0.247% though dairy sector is in prosperous state in Nepal. After adopting different suggestive measures better growth can be attained in the agriculture sector. The agriculture sector is in booming stage with the help of different government policies. An integrated sustainable approach is necessary to increase the income of people involved in agriculture sector.

Crop Production, Livestock Production and Economic Growth in Botswana (1990-2017): An Application of ARDL Model

There are few studies in Botswana which have examined the relationship between agriculture and economic growth. The uniqueness of this study is grounded in investigating disintegrated agriculture components into crop production and livestock production and investigating their nexus with economic growth. This study estimated the short and long term effects between crop production, livestock production and economic growth in Botswana for the period 1990 to 2017. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) bounds testing approach was employed to investigate the stated relationship. Study findings from the ARDL bound testing approach confirm evidence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between crop production, livestock production and economic growth. Results indicated that livestock production has a positive and significant impact on economic growth both in the short run and long run. On the other hand crop production has a positive and significant impact on economic growth only in the long run. Efforts towards supporting agricultural sector growth should be emphasized to promote agricultural sector productivity in a bid to forge a move away from dependence on imports of food in Botswana. To enhance economic growth, in both the short run and long run, the government of Botswana and all relevant stakeholders should invest in and promote livestock production. In the long term, policies that foster crop production are essential for economic growth.

English

Agriculture plays a great role in the economy of many countries including Tanzania where the majority depends on agriculture-based activities for their livelihoods. Access to agricultural credit is vital for growth and development of agricultural sector in Tanzania, hence financing agriculture is a key issue in rural development. Despite effort of the Government to make agricultural credit services available and affordable to its majority, access to credit among smallholder farmers is still very low. The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of credit demand by smallholder farmers. A multistage sampling technique was employed in this study. Ten (10) wards were selected with 30 respondents   from each ward making a sample of 300 smallholder farmers. A binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence of smallholder farmer’s socio-economic characteristics on credit demand. The maximum likelihood estimates of the logistic regression revealed that access to agricultural credit among smallholder farmers was determined by age of the respondents, gender, number of years of schooling, household size, distance, awareness, collateral, type of crops, farm size, contact with extension services, membership to economic farm groups, location of the farm and interest rate. However, gender of the respondent, distance, collateral and interest rate though statistically significant, had negative influences on smallholder farmer’s decision to demand and access agricultural credit. The study recommends that Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) should be strengthened and smallholder farmers be ensured to access agricultural credit with minimum and bearable formalities for agricultural development in Tanzania. Key words: Credit, demand, smallholder farmers, agriculture, microfinance institutions.

Impact of credit on sustainable agricultural development in India

ABSTRACT Agricultural credit works as a most important factor in a developing country like India, where 70% of the population resides in the rural area that is still dependant on agriculture. Sustainable development of agriculture depends upon the available natural resources, and in India, the natural resources and climate are favourable for production. This study examines the short-term and long-term effect of bank's credit on the agricultural sector growth. Using the secondary data from 1990 to 2019 the ARDL Bound test has been conducted to check the relationship between the variables. In the study we found that in the long run credit, interest rate and inflation rate have positive impact on the agricultural development, whereas in the short run credit and inflation rate have a significant impact, but the interest rate has no significant impact on the agricultural development.