Origins Of Agriculture Research Articles

Non-targeted Screening and Ecological Risk Assessment of Emerging Contaminants in Beijiang Drinking Water Source of the Pearl River Delta

To investigate the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and assess the ecological risks associated with emerging contaminants （ECs） in the Beijiang drinking water source, non-targeted screening was conducted using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique （UPLC-MS） for one year （June 2022 to May 2023）. This study also involved the quantitative detection of eight typical ECs. The results showed that through the non-targeted screening, a total of 346 pollutants were identified, with industrial materials, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides being the predominant pollutants, collectively accounting for 88.2%. Concentrations of eight representative ECs ranged from n.d （undetected） to 180 ng·L-1, with detection rates exceeding 80% for six of them. Notably, higher concentrations were found in endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A （BPA） and 4-nonylphenol （4-NP）, along with the pesticides atrazine （ATZ） and propisochlor （PPS）, with median concentrations ranging from 8.12 to 35.58 ng·L-1. The concentrations of ATZ, PPS, roxithromycin （ROX）, and ibuprofen （IBU） were significantly higher in the spring season compared to those in other seasons （P<0.05）. Elevated ecological risk levels （RQ>1） were observed at sampling point 1 （S1） and sampling point 3 （S3） for ATZ and Lomefloxacin （LOM）, while for 4-NP, it was determined to be high only at sampling site 2 （S2）. Given their high detection rates and ecotoxicity, particular attention should be paid to ATZ and 4-NP. The concentration level of ATZ exhibited significant seasonal variation due to its agricultural origin, so it is recommended to strengthen control during spring. Overall, this research provides critical insights into a comprehensive understanding of the presence and impact of ECs in this specific region.

Spatial distribution, source apportionment, and health risks assessment of trace elements in pre- and post-monsoon soils in the coal-mining region of North Karanpura basin, India

Coal mining activities in the North Karanpura basin have significantly increased the trace element (TE) concentrations in the soil, resulting in soil pollution and potential health risks. To assess this, 113 soil samples, along with coal, shale, and overburden rocks, were collected from open-cast mining areas during pre-monsoon (Pre-M) and post-monsoon (Post-M) seasons. Seasonal analysis revealed higher TE concentrations in the Post-M period, especially in the SE direction, followed by NE and NW, likely due to surface runoff and deposition, demonstrating temporal variability in TE distribution which corroborated from the spatial distribution maps. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified four factors: mixed sources (F1Pre-M: 37.6 %; F4Post-M: 28.9 %), coal-fired emissions (F2Pre-M: 20.5 %; F3Post-M: 26.0 %), overburden rocks (F3Pre-M: 25.5 %; F2Post-M: 16.7 %), and agricultural and lithogenic origin (F4Pre-M: 16.4 %) during the Pre-M period, attributed to coal mining. Post-M sources were similar, but agricultural and lithogenic origins were replaced by atmospheric deposition (F1Post-M: 28.4 %), enhanced by monsoon effects. Carcinogenic risk assessment revealed that As, Cr, and Ni exceeded acceptable levels for children via ingestion, though adults remained within safe limits. Inhalation and dermal contact were also considered, but ingestion posed the highest risk. The hazard index (HI) via ingestion showed that children had an HI of 1.6 in Pre-M, increasing to 2.66 in Post-M, highlighting their potential vulnerability to non-carcinogenic risks, while adults stayed within safe limits. The expansion of mining areas in the study region led to decrease in vegetative areas which could affect agriculture and local communities, raising a comprehensive environmental and public health issues. These results underline the need for implementing effective biannual soil monitoring and mitigation strategies, such as phytoremediation, bioremediation, rock dust remediation, chemical amendments and improved waste management, to reduce TE contamination.

The role of nitrogen and iron biogeochemical cycles in the production and export of dissolved organic matter in agricultural headwater catchments

Abstract. To better understand the seasonal variations in environmental conditions regulating dissolved organic matter (DOM) export in agricultural headwater catchments, we combined the monitoring of nitrate, iron, soluble phosphorus, and DOM concentration (as dissolved organic carbon; DOC) and composition (3D fluorescence) in soil and stream waters at regular intervals during 1 hydrological year. We installed 17 zero-tension lysimeters in organic-rich top soil horizons (15 cm below the surface) in the riparian area of a well-monitored agricultural catchment in French Brittany and collected them at a fortnightly frequency from October 2022 to June 2023. We observed a large increase in DOC concentrations in soil waters during the high-flow period linked to the establishment of Fe-reducing conditions and the subsequent release of DOM. We also noted that the timing and the spatial variability in Fe(II) biodissolution in soils was regulated by nitrate from agricultural origin and the heterogeneity of water flow paths at the hillslope scale. Contrary to our current understanding of DOM export in headwater catchments, these results lead us to consider the winter high-flow period as an active phase of both DOM production and export.

Waste Bread as Raw Material for Ethanol Production: Effect of Mash Preparation Methods on Fermentation Efficiency

The issue of managing waste bread is a global concern, with significant environmental and the economic implications. The utilisation of waste bread for bioethanol production, employing energy-saving technology, could prevent these consequences and reduce the consumption of traditionally used fossil fuels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the type of waste bread (wheat and wheat–rye sourdough) and the mash preparation method on the results of alcoholic fermentation and the concentration of selected congeners in the distillates. The highest fermentation efficiency (96% of theoretical) was achieved for both types of bread through the utilisation of the pressureless starch liberation method combined with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The separate saccharification of starch resulted in lower process efficiencies (from 85.75 to 88.60% of theoretical). The application of the native starch hydrolysis method (without starch activation) for the fermentation of wheat bread-based mashes exhibited a higher efficiency (87.85% of the theoretical) than that observed for the wheat–rye bread-based mash sample (83.74% of theoretical). All of the obtained spirit distillates exhibited a low concentration of methanol (≤300 mg/L alcohol 100% v/v) and comply with the requirements of the EU regulation for ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin (rectified spirit).

Selection for domestication favored taxa characterized by fast growth and tolerance of high intraspecific density

Societal Impact StatementTo understand why certain plants have been domesticated into crops, we need to recognize that the environmental conditions plants experience in wild populations are totally different from those of agricultural fields. In this study, we investigated whether the characteristics that promote growth and survival in these different environments may have influenced domestication. Our results revealed that ancestral crops were selected because they developed better than other plants in dense single‐species stands, with selection for increased yield likely occurring after domestication. These insights shed light on the origins of agriculture and offer valuable guidance for future crop breeding efforts.Summary In spite of a large history of research, it is still unclear which functional traits may have mediated plant domestication. Solving this problem requires consideration of the ecological and demographic disparities between natural plant populations and cultivated fields. Since population density tends to be higher in the latter, we hypothesized that traits facilitating growth and survival in dense, monospecific populations might have been relevant for initial domestication. We investigated whether functional traits that respond to population density varied across three different domestication stages: undomesticated crop wild relatives, natural populations of crop progenitors, and landraces. To do this, we compared traits influencing competition (lodging; growth rate), resource acquisition (plant height; total aerial and root biomass) and yield (fruit number) in three annual legume crops—lentil, grasspea, and vetch—grown without resource limitation at three different densities. Our results showed clear differences among species, likely reflective of the distinct uses of the crops and their domestication pathways. Nevertheless, undomesticated relatives consistently differed from crop progenitors and landraces, producing smaller, slower‐growing plants that were more prostrate and allocated less biomass to roots. The effect of selection under domestication on these vegetative traits appeared to be largely negligible. Conversely, landraces produced more fruits. We conclude that early agriculturalists selected for domestication wild legumes that performed well in dense monocultures and were more effective in resource capture. Later domestication and breeding efforts likely had more significant effects on reproductive traits, such as fruit and seed production.

Physical properties of isolated cellulose fiber from jute and banana fiber through kraft pulping: Potential applications in packaging and regenerated fibers

AbstractCellulose, a naturally abundant biopolymer, holds great potential as a sustainable alternative to synthetic fibers. However, the limited understanding and awareness surrounding cellulose utilization, particularly from agricultural origins, have impeded the complete harnessing of this highly biodegradable resource. This study aimed to extract and characterize cellulose from jute and banana fibers. The extracted cellulose exhibits a light yellow to white color, and microscopic analysis of the fibers showed micro‐fibrils. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) characterization indicated that the extracted cellulose from biomass primarily consists of cellulose II structures, except for the treated banana fiber (M:L = 1:8), which contains both cellulose I and II. Moreover, increasing the M:L ratio of alkali treatment enhanced the percentage of cellulose‐II, as observed from the XRD data. The findings of this study carry significant implications for the efficient production of cellulose fibers, with diverse applications spanning from high‐volume products like regenerated fibers, automotive parts, packaging, absorbent products (diapers), textiles, and precast concrete, drug delivery mediums, electronics, additive manufacturing, bone and tissue scaffolding, and so on. This research opens the door to harnessing the potential of cellulose derived from jute and banana fibers in various industries.Highlights Extraction cellulose using the kraft process. Isolated cellulose shows a micron‐sized structure. Optimal extraction achieved with M:L ratio of 1:4. Applications of isolated cellulose: regenerated fibers, packaging, absorbent products (diapers), textiles, and so on.

Occurrence of 40 sanitary indicators in French digestates derived from different anaerobic digestion processes and raw organic wastes from agricultural and urban origin.

This study investigated the sanitary quality of digestates resulting from the mesophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) of urban and agricultural organic wastes (OWs). 40 sanitary indicators, including pathogenic bacteria, antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence factor genes, and mobile genetic elements were evaluated using real-time PCR and/or droplet digital PCR. 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 13 pharmaceutical products (PHPs) were also measured. We assessed agricultural OWs from three treatment plants to study the effect of different AD processes (feeding mode, number of stages, pH), and used three laboratory-scale reactors to study the effect of different feed-supplies (inputs). The lab-scale reactors included: Lab1 fed with 97% activated sludge (urban waste) and 3% cow manure; Lab2 fed with 85% sludge-manure mixture supplemented with 15% wheat straw (WS); and Lab3 fed with 81% sludge-manure mixture, 15% WS, and 4% zeolite powder. Activated sludge favored the survival of the food-borne pathogens Clostridium perfringens and Bacillus cereus, carrying the toxin-encoding genes cpe and ces, respectively. Globally, the reactors fed with fecal matter supplemented with straw (Lab2) or with straw and zeolite (Lab3) had a higher hygienization efficiency than the reactor fed uniquely with fecal matter (Lab1). Three pathogenic bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex), a beta-lactam resistance gene (bla TEM), and three mobile genetic elements (intI1, intI2, and IS26) were significantly decreased in Lab2 and Lab3. Moreover, the concentrations of 11 PAHs and 11 PHPs were significantly lower in Lab2 and Lab3 samples than in Lab1 samples. The high concentrations of micropollutants, such as triclosan, found in Lab1, could explain the lower hygienization efficiency of this reactor. Furthermore, the batch-fed reactor had a more efficient hygienization effect than the semi-continuous reactors, with complete removal of the ybtA gene, which is involved in the production of the siderophore yersiniabactin, and significant reduction of intI2 and tetO. These data suggest that it is essential to control the level of chemical pollutants in raw OWs to optimize the sanitary quality of digestates, and that adding co-substrate, such as WS, may overcome the harmful effect of pollutants.

Revisiting Neolithic Ali Kosh: New Insights into Settlement Sustainability, Human Mobility, and Subsistence Strategies

ABSTRACT In western Asia, the Zagros foothills played a fundamental role in the formulation of early explanatory hypotheses on the origins of agriculture. The excavations at the emblematic Neolithic site of Ali Kosh, Deh Luran, led to the development of the so-called “marginal zone hypothesis.” However, some chronological inconsistencies remained until a new stratigraphic excavation was carried out in 2017 to revise the findings. According to the new evaluation, Ali Kosh was occupied from ca. 7500–6500 cal b.c. During the Boz Mordeh phase (ca. 7500–7350 b.c.), the inhabitants occupied the site seasonally, but they became increasingly sedentary in the succeeding Ali Kosh phase (ca. 7350–7000 b.c.). In addition to obsidian, they also imported beads of stone and sea shell. Moreover, they increasingly relied on herding sheep and fully domesticated goats. The emergence of Neolithic life in the lowlands was a direct consequence of cultural changes in the central Zagros. It is not yet known whether this was a result of climatic deterioration or population pressure in the highlands.

Examining temporal trends in heavy metal levels to analyze sediment pollution dynamics in the Saida urban watershed (N-W Algeria).

The study focuses on current pollution in the Saïda basin, a semi-arid region in north-western Algeria. By analyzing sediments, the study provides interesting results on urban pollution and its environmental impact. The research consists of two main phases, each addressing different aspects of pollution. In the first phase, different pollution indicators are used to analyze heavy metals and organic pollutants in urban drainage sediments. The results are compared with sediment quality guidelines, regulatory thresholds, and local and international references. Most of the metallic contaminants exceed the toxicity levels established by the continental crust and sediment quality guidelines, suggesting an anthropogenic origin. In addition, contamination indices show significant accumulation. In this context, the results highlight the importance of accumulation and transport processes in urban sediments. Hydrological parameters significantly influence heavy metal distribution mechanisms. Remarkable variations between copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) suggest a combined or singular source during transport. Conversely, chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe) are mainly derived from natural lithological sources. Cadmium (Cd) is associated with anthropogenic sources related to the agricultural use of phosphate fertilizers, whereas zinc (Zn) is mainly derived from physical corrosion processes. In the second phase, a combined descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis examines the mobility and distribution of heavy metals and their relationships with organic matter (OM) over time. Pronounced temporal variations in Cd, Zn, and Cu concentrations are attributed to human activities. Strong correlations exist between OM and cobalt (Co), Cu and Pb, confirming the ability of OM to adsorb these metals under specific geochemical conditions associated with waste disposal. Conversely, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Ni show weak or negative correlations with OM, suggesting diverse sources, including potential agricultural, industrial, and natural origins. The dendrogram confirms the existence of previously identified contaminant groups, suggesting common sources and potential co-occurrence patterns. This analysis highlights the role of the drainage network as a physico-chemical reactor in the mobilization of contaminants. It underlines the importance of sediment interactions in urban pollution processes. Finally, recommendations are proposed to ensure effective pollution control and remediation. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Useful information on pollution and its environmental impact is provided by the analysis of sediments in the urban basin of Saida (NW-Algeria). The results of this study indicate high levels of heavy metals in the sediments, in excess of toxicity limits, and evidence of anthropogenic sources. Temporal variations in metal concentrations indicate the influence of human activities. The study has made it possible to identify the sources, to understand the mobility and distribution, and to control the contamination by heavy metals in the urban sediments. Drainage system serves as a pathway for dispersing contaminants.

Out of the Shadows: Reestablishing the Eastern Fertile Crescent as a Center of Agricultural Origins: Part 2

Out of the Shadows: Reestablishing the Eastern Fertile Crescent as a Center of Agricultural Origins: Part 2

Amelioration of habitat since the early Holocene contributed to the origin of agriculture in the farming-pastoral zone of northern China

Amelioration of habitat since the early Holocene contributed to the origin of agriculture in the farming-pastoral zone of northern China

Spatial Variation in Agricultural BMPs and Relationships with Nutrient Yields Across New York State Watersheds

Agricultural nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus can subsequently be transported to waterways and are often managed through the adoption of best management practices (BMPs). However, we have a poor understanding of how the use of BMPs varies spatially and how BMP adoption might be related to nutrient yields in surface waters. To address this, we performed a survey of agricultural landowners across New York State and compared this with estimates of annual incremental nitrogen and phosphorus yields of agricultural origin from the Spatially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) model. Using these socio-behavioral data and SPARROW predictions, we perform colocation analysis to identify areas where watersheds with high nutrient yield from agriculture are collocated with non-use of agricultural BMPs. This colocation analysis offers a novel methodology for identifying areas where monitoring of waterways and promotion of best management practices could be targeted to achieve the greatest benefits.

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Combined with Chemometrics for Protein Profiling and Classification of Boiled and Extruded Quinoa from Conventional and Organic Crops

Quinoa is an Andean crop that stands out as a high-quality protein-rich and gluten-free food. However, its increasing popularity exposes quinoa products to the potential risk of adulteration with cheaper cereals. Consequently, there is a need for novel methodologies to accurately characterize the composition of quinoa, which is influenced not only by the variety type but also by the farming and processing conditions. In this study, we present a rapid and straightforward method based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to generate global fingerprints of quinoa proteins from white quinoa varieties, which were cultivated under conventional and organic farming and processed through boiling and extrusion. The mass spectra of the different protein extracts were processed using the MALDIquant software (version 1.19.3), detecting 49 proteins (with 31 tentatively identified). Intensity values from these proteins were then considered protein fingerprints for multivariate data analysis. Our results revealed reliable partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification models for distinguishing between farming and processing conditions, and the detected proteins that were critical for differentiation. They confirm the effectiveness of tracing the agricultural origins and technological treatments of quinoa grains through protein fingerprinting by MALDI-TOF-MS and chemometrics. This untargeted approach offers promising applications in food control and the food-processing industry.

The evolution of cropping structure in prehistoric Xizang

The origin and spread of agriculture facilitated a decline in human mobility and eventually led to a predominantly sedentary lifestyle globally, including on the Tibetan Plateau. Previous studies have proposed an evolution of prehistoric agriculture, from millet-based to barley-based farming. However, details regarding the process are vague. Here, we present diachronic changes in cropping structure from Xizang on the basis of a quantitative analysis of archaeobotanical remains from 12 sites located in southeastern Xizang. The advent of agriculture in Xizang began in the southeastern region around 4800 cal a BP and resulted in a quick spread of millet agriculture from the Hengduan Mountains to the Yarlung Zangbo River region. Subsequently, the introduction of barley and wheat in Xizang led to the transformation of millet-based farming into mixed farming after 3600 cal a BP. Eventually, around 3000 cal a BP, barley and wheat dominated across the entire Xizang with declining occurrences of millet. It took more than 600 years for barley and wheat to dominate in the Tibetan cropping system, which may reflect the time required for these exotic species to adapt physiologically to their new niche. In addition to the diachronic changes in crop farming, the ratio of barley to wheat and foxtail millet to broomcorn millet also varied at different elevations possibly due to local environmental variations and the crops’ physiological requirements.

Corrigendum to “Origins and evolution of oasis agriculture in the Sahara: Evidence from morphometric analyses of archaeological date palm seeds”

Corrigendum to “Origins and evolution of oasis agriculture in the Sahara: Evidence from morphometric analyses of archaeological date palm seeds”

Advancement of membrane separation technology for organic pollutant removal.

In the face of growing global freshwater scarcity, the imperative to recycle and reuse water becomes increasingly apparent across industrial, agricultural, and domestic sectors. Eliminating a range of organic pollutants in wastewater, from pesticides to industrial byproducts, presents a formidable challenge. Among the potential solutions, membrane technologies emerge as promising contenders for treating diverse organic contaminants from industrial, agricultural, and household origins. This paper explores cutting-edge membrane-based approaches, including reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, gas separation membranes, and pervaporation. Each technology's efficacy in removing distinct organic pollutants while producing purified water is scrutinized. This review delves into membrane fouling, discussing its influencing factors and preventative strategies. It sheds light on the merits, limitations, and prospects of these various membrane techniques, contributing to the advancement of wastewater treatment. It advocates for future research in membrane technology with a focus on fouling control and the development of energy-efficient devices. Interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers, engineers, policymakers, and industry players is vital for shaping water purification innovation. Ongoing research and collaboration position us to fulfill the promise of accessible, clean water for all.

The development of crop production in the northern Horn of Africa: a review of the archaeobotanical evidence

ABSTRACT This article presents a synthesis of the hypotheses and evidence for plant domestication and the origins of agriculture in the northern Horn of Africa. To date, available archaeological data point to an introduction of agricultural practices to Ethiopia during the late Holocene, c. 1600 BC, influenced by adjacent areas including eastern Sudan, Egypt and southern Arabia. The archaeobotanical record shows that farming in the northern highlands was based on the cultivation of barley, linseed and lentils, combined with the exploitation of local wild grasses from the Panicoideae and Chloridoideae sub-families. This indicates that local populations also played a role in the development of productive activities in the region, a process that might have been in place before the arrival of the southwest Asian agricultural package. After the first millennium BC, amidst an increase in sedentary settlements in the region, new domesticated crops appeared in the archaeological record. These include exogenous crops such as emmer wheat, but also indigenous plants such as t’ef and noog, which were locally domesticated likely throughout the Pre-Aksumite period. With the rise of the Aksumite Kingdom, c. 50 BC – AD 700, the agricultural package again expanded to include of a wide range of pulses, geophytes and other economic crops. Macrobotanical remains of sorghum and finger millet also appear for the first time during this period, although this contrasts with the microbotanical record of the region, which points to an earlier presence. In the southern highlands and southwest Ethiopia, evidence of Plectranthus edulis (Vatke) Agnew (Ethiopian potato or Oromo potato) has been identified by the late first millennium BC, pointing towards an earlier domestication than previously considered. Similarly, enset and coffee remains have been documented during the early first millennium AD. Altogether, new studies are needed to confirm some of these hypotheses, as archaeobotanical studies in the northern Horn are still limited. The combination of macrobotanical and microbotanical data, along with ethnoarchaeological and experimental research programs and linguistic studies, will be of critical importance for refining our current understanding of the processes associated with plant domestication and the introduction of crop production in the region.

Bioactive Feed Ingredients used in Aquaculture: A Review

Food security is a critical concern for nations like India, where poverty affects access to nutritious food for a significant portion of the population. While India has made strides in addressing this issue through agricultural revolutions, evolving demands necessitate a reformation in aquaculture practices. With a global surge in demand for fish and fisheries products due to their nutritional benefits, aquaculture has become pivotal. However, the intensification of aquaculture brings risks such as disease outbreaks and rising costs of essential feed ingredients like fish meal, particularly impacting the shrimp industry. To mitigate these challenges, exploring alternatives like bioactive feed additives sourced from marine and agricultural origins emerges as a promising solution. Marine derivatives such as algae offer nutritional benefits and bioactive compounds, while agri-industrial wastes provide versatile applications, including medicinal plant extracts and plant-based ingredients. Additionally, complex bioactive feed ingredients like probiotics, prebiotics, metabiotics, and phytobiotics show promise for enhancing the health and productivity of cultivated aquatic organisms. Integration of these alternatives into aquaculture practices presents a sustainable approach to improving food security, feeding efficiency, animal health and economic sustainability in India and beyond.

Land Grant University Participants’ Eurocentric Attitudes about Agriculture: An Ideological Constraint to Achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Socio-cultural Eurocentric views about agriculture may diminish educational efforts to globalize the curricula at land grant institutions in the United States of America. While many U.S. inhabitants have historical and/or cultural ties to Europe, the modern U.S. agricultural industry is dependent upon contributions from diverse agricultural origins. Recognizing ideological origins in agriculture helps educators prepare curricula and teach others through inclusive and equitable education that is consistent with the goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The purpose of this study was to explore postsecondary students’ and employees’ Eurocentric attitudes about agriculture at a large southern U.S. land grant university. A cross-sectional design and random samples constituted the study population. Eurocentric attitudes existed primarily among undergraduate students and staff members. Respondents with family actively engaged in agriculture and those enrolled in the college of agriculture had stronger levels of Eurocentric beliefs, as did respondents with at least one previous international experience. Efforts to lessen Eurocentric attitudes about agriculture are needed in postsecondary education. Additional study of the origins of belief systems and factors affecting attitudinal formation may provide useful insights for replacing outdated ideals and achieving cognitive consistency in understanding the global agricultural industry.

Strategic approach to the application of economic levers in environmentally safe agriculture

This article examines the issue of application and implementation of economic levers for ecologically safe goods of agricultural origin as a part of a complex of measures of the general environmental policy of the state in the long term, which is regulated by the current norms of Ukrainian legislation. The toolkit for this category of goods is presented in the form of state and commercial means that regulate the sale and use of environmentally safe goods and services, not limiting their direction only to the greening of the production process of agriculture, but also to the comprehensive solution of modern problems of environmental awareness of society and solution of urgent problems of the economy of nature use. At the same time, both at the level of the average individual and at the level of the industrial consumer of agricultural resources, as well as the interests of the state in the context of ensuring environmental safety standards are taken into account. Consideration of this issue was carried out using the assessment of four categories of economic levers: taxes on ecological products of agriculture, tax differentiation of this category of goods, a system of incentives for the transformation of the agricultural production process to a resource-saving business model, the responsibility of producers for causing damage to the surrounding natural environment of the agricultural sphere as at the state level and at the level of individual producers. It was determined that each of these levers has certain advantages and disadvantages, as a result of which it is appropriate to use them in connection with certain measures within the framework of the general environmental policy for certain goods, while in other cases they are less effective. At the current stage of the development of the environmental policy of Ukraine, the main task is to determine the appropriate tools for solving a specific environmental problem, in particular — the post-war restoration of agricultural resources, the elimination of the consequences of the active phase of hostilities of the Russian-Ukrainian war in the medium and long term, as well as increasing the further level of environmental information support for the purpose of solving environmental problems of the post-war restoration of agricultural resources.