Agricultural Land Ownership Research Articles

“Purely cultural and economic in nature...”: Russian agricultural colonisation and land ownership of the Caspian provinces of Iran and the category of “cultural conquest”

In this article, the author examines the concept of “cultural conquest” in the context of the Russian Empire’s policy towards the Caspian provinces of Iran, both prior to and during the Great War. In the period preceding the outbreak of hostilities, Russian peasant colonists began to settle in the Astarabad province, while concurrently, significant Russian land ownership emerged in the southern Caspian region. These developments were subjected to rigorous scrutiny by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Resettlement Department, and other pertinent authorities. The phenomenon is not adequately represented in historiography, despite its significance in the context of New Imperial History. One of the pivotal concepts employed in analysing and comprehending the processes of Russian expansion into the region was the notion of “cultural conquest”. This category was actively employed by both state and non-state actors to conceptualise the ongoing economic, political, and cultural interactions in a crucial frontier region. The analysis of a wide range of materials, including archival and published sources such as diplomatic correspondence, concession projects, and publications by officials from the Resettlement Department, has been conducted with the aim of investigating the contexts of the use of the category “cultural conquest” (and related terms) as well as proposed options for optimal policy in the region. The author indicates that this concept was of a framework nature and comprised three principal components: political, economic, and civilisational. He demonstrates that despite significant similarities in the interpretations of the concept by different actors, there were differences in understanding the methods and optimal ways of “cultural conquest” of the Caspian provinces.

A global dataset of 7 billion individuals with socio-economic characteristics

In global impact modeling, there is a need to address the heterogeneous characteristics of households and individuals that drive different behavioral responses to, for example, environmental risk, socio-economic policy changes and spread of diseases. In this research, we present GLOPOP-S, the first global synthetic population dataset with 1,999,227,130 households and 7,335,881,094 individuals for the year 2015, consistent with population statistics at an administrative unit 1 level. GLOPOS-S contains the following attributes: age, education, gender, income/wealth, settlement type (urban/rural), household size, household type, and for selected countries in the Global South, ownership of agricultural land and dwelling characteristics. To generate GLOPOP-S, we use microdata from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) and Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and apply synthetic reconstruction techniques to fit national survey data to regional statistics, thereby accounting for spatial differences within and across countries. Additionally, we have developed methods to generate data for countries without available microdata. The dataset can be downloaded per region or country. GLOPOP-S is open source and can be extended with other attributes.

Harmonization potential of the fragmented farmlands in Finland: The pros and cons for critical parcel characteristics

Agricultural landscapes have been shaped by gradual, partially optimized changes in farms and surrounding areas which have resulted in fragmented agricultural landownership and increased distances on farms. Since Finland joined the EU in 1995, the average farm size has more than doubled which has increased the distances on farms. This may have caused trade-offs with resource use efficiency, productivity, and sustainability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential and impacts of land reallocation by integrating regional variability, logistical factors, and emerging satellite imagery, with an emphasis on enhancing resilience in future climates. This study estimated the theoretical potential for land reallocation between farms to reduce farmland fragmentation but also applied fixed land exchange rates (5 % to 40 %) with the primary aim to reduce distances within each farm depending on the farm size and region. The aim was also to identify co-benefits and trade-offs on the number of parcels in a farm, the production capacity of exchanged parcels, diversification potential, and the proximity of parcels to waterways. While keeping the farm size constant, large potential was found to optimize fragmented landscapes and reduce distances within farms especially on large farms. However, only a moderate exchange rate of 5 % almost halved the distances in the best cases of the farms, while exchange rates >20 % provided less additional logistic benefits. Thereby, modest, well targeted measures are not only more acceptable to landowners but may provide the most benefits with fewer trade-offs. In unsatisfactory cases, large parcels were replaced by higher numbers of smaller ones, productivity differences occurred, and closer parcels became more uniform, which may reduce diversification options, which are important for resilience and sustainability. Hence, merging and reshaping nearby parcels after reallocation might be needed to complete rationalization. Estimated changes in the proximity of the parcels to waterways tended to improve the farmers’ readiness to implement irrigation as an adaptation measure to climate change. The variable outcome of parcel reallocation emphasizes the central role of the current customer-driven consolidation system chaired by independent land surveyors to boost the land reallocation also in the future to improve logistics, resource efficiency, and sustainability on farms that today struggle with cost-crises.

Impact of agricultural land ownership on child nutrition in rural Sudan: an investigation across gender

Purpose In light of the inequality in access to farming land and the high prevalence of child malnutrition in Sudan, there is a lack of empirical research on the relationship between land ownership and child nutritional status. This study aims to examine the influence of agricultural landholding on the nutritional status of children under the age of five in rural Sudan.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilizes data from Sudan’s 2014 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), covering a sample of 10,753 rural children. The empirical analysis uses the two-stage least squares (2SLS) approach, adopting various estimation methods and model specifications for robustness check and comparison.Findings The results demonstrate that agricultural land has a positive and significant effect on reducing child malnutrition, signifying that children from families with agricultural land are less susceptible to malnutrition in Sudan. When examining the male and female sub-samples separately, the findings indicate a positive influence of land ownership on child malnutrition in the female sub-sample, while no significant impact is observed in the male sub-sample. This indicates a gender disparity in the effects of land ownership on child nutrition, with girls benefiting more from access to agricultural land compared to boys.Originality/value The study has several significant contributions. First, this is the sole study that examines the impact of agricultural land ownership on child malnutrition in Sudan. Second, considering the gender variations in nutritional status, investigating the influence of land ownership on child nutrition across genders addresses a significant gap in the current literature. Finally, the findings resulting from this study can contribute to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030, precisely focusing on SDG2 Goal 2: Zero hunger and SDG 10: Goal 10: Reduced inequalities.

Sustainability of the Different Rice Cultivation Practices in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The current food crisis has become a serious threat to humanity. Other issues such as climate change, farmer regeneration, and excessive use of chemical inputs at the producer level threaten sustainability in agriculture. The sustainability of agricultural practices among farmers remains questionable due to the small number of organic farmers in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of sustainability of rice cultivation and the factors that influence the sustainability of rice cultivation in various types of cultivation in Yogyakarta. Research on farm sustainability that is analyzed in a multidimensional (5 dimensions) and compares 3 types of cultivation has not been widely carried out in Indonesia. This research was conducted in Bantul and Sleman with 90 respondents. The analysis method used Multidimensional Scaling-RAPFISH and Tobit regression. The results showed interesting findings where the 3 types of rice cultivation are in the sufficient (moderately sustainable) category even though the 3 have differences in the use of inputs, especially in the ecological dimension. The factors of education, frequency of attending extension and activity in farmer groups, the use of good agricultural practices, land ownership, and type of cultivation had a positive effect on increasing the sustainability of rice cultivation in various types of cultivation in Yogyakarta. The results of this research have an impact on agricultural extension field education provided by the government to increase the sustainability of rice cultivation in Yogyakarta. It is recommended that the 3 types of rice farmers to pay more attention to the use of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) to increase sustainability.

Multidimensional Poverty and its Determinants in Somalia: A Household Level Analysis

Purpose: Poverty is widespread and problematic in least developed countries such as Somalia. The main objective of this study is to analyze the extent and determinants of multidimensional poverty in Somalia. Methodology: To achieve this objective, this study used the Somali Health and Demographic Survey carried out by the Somali National Statistics Bureau in 2020. Alkire and Foster’s methodology was used to measure the extent of multidimensional poverty, and an ordered logistic regression model was employed to identify its determinants at the household level. Findings: The results of the descriptive analysis show that 84.2 percent of the sampled households are multidimensionally poor, while the intensity of poverty and adjusted headcount ratio were 56.8 percent, and 0.479 respectively. Meanwhile, the study found that the living standard dimension was the major contributor (45 percent) to the overall multidimensional poverty index, followed by education and health dimensions, contributing 28.2 percent, and 26.8 percent, respectively. The ordered logit results indicate that household size significantly increases the likelihood of a household’s status being multidimensionally poor. In contrast, household education, employment of at least one household member, livestock ownership, ownership of agricultural land, and having a bank account significantly reduce the probability of being multidimensionally poor. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Based on these findings, the study recommends that the government and international partners target the living standards dimension to reduce multidimensional poverty, improve quality and quantity of education, expand employment opportunities, promote financial inclusion, and foster the livelihoods of households involved in agriculture and livestock.

The effect of political factors on agricultural land ownership and grain crops in Erbil Governorate 1975-1991

This research is entitled the impact of political factors on the ownership of agricultural land and cereal crops in Erbil province in 1975-1991. During the research, the agricultural situation in Erbil province was of special importance for economic development. These include the industrial and commercial sectors, as agricultural products have become an important resource used as raw materials in the industrial sector, in addition to agricultural activities and products have affected the movement and trade processes and exchange. Whether in domestic or foreign trade. Ownership of agricultural land in Erbil province has been under the influence of the Agricultural Reform Law to regulate and improve agricultural land. Based on several official government data and statistics obtained, the impact of political events in Iraq and Kurdistan on the ownership of agricultural land and grain crops in Erbil province between 1975-1991 is presented.

Addressing the Twin Threats: Combating Child Stunting and Poverty Among Indonesian Farmworker Families

This study identifies the underlying factors contributing to child stunting and poverty among Indonesian farmworker households. We use logistic regression and the Indonesian Family Life Survey to measure this study. The findings indicate that social and demographic factors significantly influence poverty among farming families. Families with more farming businesses and land ownership are less likely to be poor. However, there is no significant link between agricultural productivity and child stunting. Positive factors for child nutrition include exclusive breastfeeding for at least two years and a father's higher education level. In contrast, older maternal age and larger household size increase the likelihood of child stunting. The study highlights the importance of social and demographic factors in addressing poverty and child health in agricultural settings. Parental education and breastfeeding practices play crucial roles in preventing stunting. To address these issues, policies should focus on educating parents about the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and early childhood nutrition. Supporting farming families by increasing agricultural productivity and land ownership is essential. Developing targeted nutritional programs for children in larger households and those with older mothers can help prevent stunting.

DAM DEVELOPMENT AND FOOD SECURITY OF DIRECTLY AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS: A CASE STUDY IN JATIGEDE DAM, SUMEDANG, WEST JAVA

The Jatigede Dam construction project has caused many residents in the inundation area of the Jatigede reservoir to move to new areas. The affected households by the Jatigede Dam in new places must adapt to obtain sources of income for food and other necessities. This research aims to elucidate the agroecosystem production, off-farm jobs, and food adequacy and food security of the affected people of Jatigede Dam in Jatimekar Hamlet, Jemah Village. The research method used was a combination of qualitative and quantitative. The results revealed that the affected households of the Jatigede Dam Development Project who live in Jatimekar Hamlet, Jemaah Village, have less agricultural land ownership such as rice fields, mixed gardens and home gardens than before the Jatigede Dam existed. Consequently, some of the affected households of Jatigede Dam, they are also involved in various off-farm jobs. Based on food security, it shows that the affected people of Jatigede Dam in Jatimekar Hamlet, Jemah Village are in a vulnerable condition, due to low family income, and farming also faces various problems, such as water scarcity in the dry season and agricultural inputs, such as inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, and plant seeds have high price.

Planowanie terenów rolniczych w Bułgarii - obecna funkcjonalność prawodawstwa i perspektywy

Development Planning for the Agricultural Territory is a problematic activity in Bulgaria in terms of the existing legal requirements. Bulgarian legislation contains certain gaps in regulating and technically ensuring the agricultural land planning. This is well settled in relation to the other types of territories like the Urban, Forest, and Protected ones, which planning rules and activities are regulated in details. The purpose of the paper is firstly to justify the necessity of improving and detailing the legal regulations for the agricultural land development planning, and secondly to suggest some expert approaches for improving and harmonization of legislation in connection with registration of the agricultural property by Agricultural Territory Development Plan (ATDP), Restored Property Map (RPM) and Cadastral Map (CM). The current legal grounds for planning development of the agricultural land in Bulgaria are presented and analysed. Lack of detailed regulations on their scope, content and operation have been found. It is also a matter of applicability of the newly created municipal CMs in settling land relations such as purchases and sales of land, inheritances, divisions, and changing the primary purpose of use of Agricultural Territory for construction. The completeness of CM with information about the quality of agricultural lands is still not regulated by Cadaster and Property Register Act. The paper contains specific proposals for amendments in Spatial Planning Act, Cadastral and Property Registry Act and Agricultural Land Ownership and Use Act.

Revealing agricultural land ownership concentration with cadastral and company network data

AbstractIn many high-income countries, agricultural land is highly concentrated in a few hands, but detailed knowledge of ownership structures is limited. We examined land ownership structures and agricultural land concentration for the entire state of Brandenburg, Germany (1.3 million ha), using cadastral and company network data. Our aim was to characterise all landowners, analyse the degree of ownership concentration, and examine the role of the largest landowners in more detail. We found a high fragmentation of ownership among 185,000 different owners. Most of the land was owned by individuals not active in agriculture and only a third of the land was owned by farmers and other agricultural actors. Absentee ownership covered a quarter of the land. Ownership concentration was low to moderate in most regions and reached high levels in only a few areas. The largest owners were public institutions, private investors and nature protection institutions. Areas where public institutions owned a lot of land showed high concentrations, but also some areas where private landowners owned a lot of land. In summary, our analysis provides rare information on the concentration of agricultural land ownership in a large region. Such analysis facilitates better justification and design of policies that regulate agricultural land markets.

Acquisition of land ownership rights by foreign persons according to the laws of Ukraine and Canada

The article conducts a comparative legal study of the specifics of acquisition and exercise of land ownership by foreigners, stateless persons and foreign legal entities under the legislation of Ukraine and Canada, as a result of which the Canadian experience of legal regulation in the specified area, which is most acceptable for Ukraine, is substantiated. It has been established that in the science of land law of Ukraine, one of the most controversial issues is the possibility, scope, conditions and grounds of granting land ownership rights to foreigners, stateless persons, and foreign legal entities, especially considering the provisions of Art. 13 of the Constitution of Ukraine, which declares all land to be the property of the Ukrainian people. This issue has not been resolved definitively in the land legislation, as access of foreign persons to ownership of agricultural land can be granted only after a positive decision of the All-Ukrainian referendum. The conducted research showed that Canadian legislation provides for the possibility of establishing restrictions on the acquisition of land ownership by foreign entities both at the federal level (a two-year restriction on the purchase of residential real estate, including vacant land plots intended for residential development), and at the level of individual provinces and territories. At the level of the provinces and territories, there are different legal models for restricting the access of foreign persons to the right to ownership of land, primarily for agricultural purposes. There are no legal restrictions on the acquisition of the right to ownership of land by foreign persons in British Columbia, Ontario, Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. At the same time, in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Quebec, the access of foreigners to land ownership is significantly limited, in particular, by establishing the maximum size of land plots that they can acquire on ownership. The article claims that the establishment of restrictions in Canadian legislation on the acquisition of ownership rights to land, primarily for agricultural purposes, is conditioned by the need to ensure priority access to the lands of Canadian citizens and Canadian corporations, which can be a reference point for the settlement of these issues in Ukrainian land law. Canadian legislation, both at the federal level and at the level of individual provinces and territories, provides effective mechanisms of legal responsibility in the event of violation of legal restrictions on foreign persons' access to land ownership, which should be provided for in Ukrainian legislation.

THE PROHIBITION OF ABSENTEE OWNERSHIP OF AGRICULTURAL LAND AND THE LEGAL LIABILITY OF THE NATIONAL LAND AGENCY

Absentee ownership of agricultural land is a situation where agricultural landowners are not directly involved in the agricultural activities carried out on their land. This often occurs when the landowner lives outside the farming area. The provision of absentee ownership of agricultural land can affect farmland management, and agricultural productivity. This abstract aims to evaluate the legal aspects of absentee ownership of agricultural land by considering several factors. First, we analyze the application of Government Regulation Number 41 of 1964 in Plaosan Village regarding absentee land. Several studies have shown that the absence of a landowner can hinder growth and innovation in the agricultural sector. However, the factor depends on the skill level of the farmer. Furthermore, we analyze the legal liability of the National Land Agency (BPN) in resolving absentee land ownership issues. The existence of landowners who are not involved in agricultural activities can lead to legal uncertainty, low agricultural productivity, and difficulties for interested parties in obtaining benefits from the land. In this context, the role of the National Land Agency (BPN) as a government agency responsible for land management and registration becomes very important. This research uses a normative legal research method by conducting a literature study of laws and regulations related to absentee ownership of agricultural land. The results of this research are expected to provide a basis for better policies in managing agricultural land ownership involving absentee owners, so as to increase productivity, efficiency, and welfare for all parties involved in the agricultural sector.

Who seeks care after intimate partner violence in Cameroon? sociodemographic differences between a hospital and population sample of women.

Little is known regarding health care seeking behaviors of women in sub-Saharan Africa, specifically Cameroon, who experience violence. The proportion of women who experienced violence enrolled in the Cameroon Trauma Registry (CTR) is lower than expected. We concatenated the databases from the October 2017-December 2020 CTR and 2018 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) into a singular database for cross-sectional study. Continuous and categorical variables were compared with Wilcoxon rank-sum and Fisher's exact test. Multivariable logistic regression examined associations between demographic factors and women belonging to the DHS or CTR cohort. We performed additional classification tree and random forest variable importance analyses. 276 women (13%) in the CTR and 197 (13.1%) of women in the DHS endorsed violence from any perpetrator. A larger percentage of women in the DHS reported violence from an intimate partner (71.6% vs. 42.7%, p<0.001). CTR women who experienced IPV demonstrated greater university-level education (13.6% vs. 5.0%, p<0.001) and use of liquid petroleum gas (LPG) cooking fuel (64.4% vs. 41.1%, p<0.001). DHS women who experienced IPV reported greater ownership of agricultural land (29.8% vs. 9.3%, p<0.001). On regression, women who experienced IPV using LPG cooking fuel (aOR 2.55, p = 0.002) had greater odds of belonging to the CTR cohort while women who owned agricultural land (aOR 0.34, p = 0.007) had lower odds of presenting to hospital care. Classification tree variable observation demonstrated that LPG cooking fuel predicted a CTR woman who experienced IPV while ownership of agricultural land predicted a DHS woman who experienced IPV. Women who experienced violence presenting for hospital care have characteristics associated with higher SES and are less likely to demonstrate factors associated with residence in a rural setting compared to the general population of women experiencing violence.

The analysis of dietary diversity and food insecurity experience of urban farmers’ households in Bandung City

More than 96% of Bandung City's food sources came from outside Bandung City and put Bandung as a food insecure city. One of the Bandung City Government's strategies was to increase the availability and access of food through urban farming. This research aimed to examine the household food security of urban farmers’ families through the dietary diversity and food insecurity experiences. In this paper, the samples were all 12 P2L (Pekarangan Pangan Lestari/Sustainable Food Garden) groups in Bandung City as well as 13 groups of Buruan SAE located in the same sub-district as the P2L groups. The comparison method was carried out based on HDDS (Household Dietary Diversity Scale) questionnaire and FIES (Food Insecurity Experience Scale) prevalence between the P2L group and the Buruan SAE group. The result showed that both urban farming groups had high HDDS scores (&gt;6 types of food consumed). Based on the prevalence of FIES, there are 38.45% of the Buruan SAE group with mildly food insecure status, higher than the P2L group which is 16.67%. This can be caused by the biodiversity of agricultural land, household income and land ownership status.

Influence of Land Ownership Security on Land Use Changes in Mwatate Sub-County, Taita Taveta County, Kenya

Background and Aims: The rising global population has increased land demand due to the increased need for agricultural and settlement spaces. Land ownership security tremendously impacts environmental sustainability because it influences ecological decisions. Kenya's land ownership and land use changes nexus has not received sufficient attention. Consequently, we explored this research gap in Mwatate Sub County, Taita County, Kenya. Methods: A sample size of 301 households was selected using stratified proportionate and simple random sampling techniques. A cross-sectional survey research design was used, while data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. The Neo-Malthusian theory was adopted as a theoretical framework. Results: Results revealed that most (85.6%) households had insecure land ownership rights. Most (64.1%) households inherited land and had no Title deeds. Accordingly, findings reveal unsustainable land use practices, including deforestation, tree logging, high fuelwood use, bush clearance for human settlement and cultivation, poor farming methods, and overreliance on agriculture for livelihood. Using a 95% confidence level, Chi-square tests revealed a significant relationship between agricultural land use changes and land ownership security. Our findings concluded that insecure land ownership influenced agricultural expansion, deforestation, clearing of land for human settlement, and the type of farming techniques adopted by farmers. Implications for Conservation: Taita Taveta is a vital biodiversity hotspot that continues to be degraded by human activities. The correlation between land ownership and land use changes established by our study confirms the impending land degradation and threat to biodiversity loss. This is coupled with the concern that approximately 62% and 11% of the county are under a National Park and sisal estates, respectively, implying a growing threat to biodiversity loss and the need for enhanced conservation efforts in the area. This calls for the need to address the constant land issues in the area to incentivize sustainable land use practices.

Agricultural reform in Ukraine: the history and present

The purpose of the research is to reveal the process of implementing the agrarian reform in Ukraine as a natural stage of the development of the country's agriculture during the last 100 years. The existing problems in Ukrainian agriculture were considered and it was established that these problems have their roots in the past, in the 20s of the 20th century, when the natural development of agriculture was interrupted, Ukraine became part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), private ownership of agricultural land and private farms were liquidated, collective and state agricultural enterprises were created instead. The paper analyzes the initial stage of agrarian reform in Ukraine at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries after gaining state independence, and it is concluded that agrarian transformations in the country took place quite completely, in comparison with the countries of Eastern Europe. One of the reasons for this state of affairs was the low efficiency of the management of this process on the part of the state authorities responsible for the reform, particularly land reform as a key factor in all agrarian transformations. Only after the beginning of the wide implementation of land reform and reforming of collective agricultural enterprises in the early 2000s, a rapid increase in the volume and efficiency of agricultural production began. The long-term moratorium on the sale and purchase of agricultural land (more than 30 years) was based on political, not economic, reasons. In the analysis of the prospects for the development of domestic agriculture in the period after the agrarian reform, modern comprehensive programs of strategic directions for increasing the efficiency of the industry and rural areas were used, in the development of which the author was involved. These state programs, namely the "Unified comprehensive strategy and action plan for the development of agriculture and rural areas in Ukraine for 2015-2020" and the "National Economic Strategy 2030" conclude with the main task of creating a competitive, export-oriented agriculture and the production of competitive food products in accordance with international safety and quality standards in the context of the European integration of Ukraine. The research methodology is based on the use of publications by Ukrainian and foreign researchers devoted to the analysis of economic transformation in Ukraine and other countries of the former socialist camp, as well as scientific developments by authors, in particular, as a member of teams of international experts and consultants on the development and implementation of agrarian reform in Ukraine. Further directions of research, which were covered in the article, should be aimed at the development of integration processes in the market structure of the European Union, adaptation of the national agrarian policy to the Common EU policy. This is to provide an opportunity to increase the welfare of agricultural workers, the efficiency and productivity of the domestic agrarian industry.

Agricultural land succession rules in the Visegrád countries and the relevant case-law of national constitutional courts

This study aims to review and compare the agricultural land succession rules in four countries of the Central European region, namely Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary (the Visegrád countries), using a comparative method. The results show that, in the case of Slovakia and the Czech Republic, there are no specific rules on the inheritance of agricultural land; the general succession rules of civil law shall be applied. The same is true in Poland, where there are no specific regulations that differentiate the inheritance of agricultural property or farms from other types of property. However, some specific rules can be found in the Act of April 11, 2003, on the Shaping of the Agricultural System. On the contrary, in the case of acquiring ownership of agricultural land by inheritance, in addition to acquiring it by testamentary disposition, the Hungarian legislator introduced several special rules for acquiring it by intestate succession. Furthermore, in connection with the research topic, the inheritance tax issues, and the relevant case-law of the national constitutional courts are examined in detail.

Legal restrictions on the turnover of agricultural land

It is indicated that the proper functioning of the agricultural land market, introduced from 01.07.2021, is possible if there is a clear, detailed and complete mechanism of legal regulation of the relevant social relations. This mechanism should be clear to both the owners of agricultural land plots and the purchasers. However, certain legislative provisions are ambiguously perceived and understood in society, and in the absence of accumulated practice of applying legislation on the land market, a number of questions remain open. This applies, in particular, to the limitations established by the legislator regarding the circle of participants in the market circulation of agricultural land, the legal form of the alienation of land plots, the area of land plots acquired by subjects of preferential right and other market participants, etc.&#x0D; The article provides a systematic analysis of the legislative provisions relating to legal restrictions in the sphere of agricultural land turnover, and identifies legal issues related to limitation of the circle of potential acquirers of land plots (individuals and legal entities), restrictions on the total area of land plots which may be acquired by individuals and legal entities, and restrictions on the legal form of alienation of agricultural land plots in the context of the land market. The author also analyzes the situation related to the exercise by lessees of the preemptive right to purchase leased land plots by legal entities established by foreigners. The authors substantiate the ways of solving these problems. They argue that the legislatively enshrined restrictions on the right of ownership of agricultural land are due to the need to ensure the public interest, since land, being the main national wealth, is under special protection of the state. At the same time, the authors believe that the legislator should not only create conditions for preventing and preventing legislation regulating relations on the agricultural land market, but also ensure transparent and fair competition of all participants in the agricultural land market.

Предпринимательство в российском аграрном секторе

The article is devoted to the formation of entrepreneurial layers on the example of heads of farms and entrepreneurs of informal sector structures in the agricultural labor market, based on Rosstat panel studies on employment of rural residents and their households for 2011-2022 and data from agricultural censuses of 2006-2021. The factors of their formation and stability (crystallization) are considered in the conditions of severe institutional pressure of 30-year agrarian reforms, the criteria of which are an increase in ownership of agricultural land, the growth of agricultural production and its export to world markets. These indicators demonstrated the entrepreneurial potential based on authority as a characteristic of subjects with a high level of social capital, possessing, in addition to skills and competencies, the social connections necessary to transform into material and financial income within the existing economic conditions and institutional requirements. The analysis showed that farmers and entrepreneurs as entrepreneurial strata differ in resource potential, values, implemented social, labor practices and integration into a new innovative economy. Results of the analysis of socio-structural processes in the Russian countryside showed a socio-economic and institutional environment that affects the development of farms, business structures and the state of the agricultural labor market, where the movement of labor and the level of employment in the formal and informal sectors by agriculture, income, the socio-economic situation of households was revealed. The indicators of sectoral employment in the labor market demonstrate the historical moment of the rural world, when traditional forms of management are leaving, the familiar contours of the social structure of the village disappear and new social strata arise that construct the modern reality of rural areas.