Agricultural Land Fragmentation Research Articles

The effects of agricultural machinery services and land fragmentation on farmers' straw returning behavior

AbstractStraw returning is important for rural ecological management and sustainable agricultural development. Using farm survey data for Anhui Province, China, in 2020, we applied the double‐hurdle model to investigate the impact of agricultural machinery services and land fragmentation on farmers' straw‐returning behavior, and to explore the relationship between agricultural machinery self‐service and outsourced service. Self‐service had a significant positive effect on farmers' straw‐returning behavior, while outsourced service had a significant positive effect only on degree of adoption. Land fragmentation had a significant negative effect on farmers' straw‐returning behavior, and significantly inhibited the effect of self‐service on adoption decision. Complementarity existed between self‐service and outsourced service in farmers' straw‐returning adoption decision, and the effect was more pronounced among smaller‐scale farmers. There was significant substitutability between self‐service and outsourced service in degree of adoption among larger‐scale farmers. Transfer and integration of rural land, increasing agricultural machinery purchase subsidy, upgrading farmers' self‐service capability, and promoting development of socialized agricultural machinery services should be implemented to promote crop straw returning. EconLit Citations: Q01, Q16.

STUDY ON THE USE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE NORTH-WEST DEVELOPMENT REGION OF ROMANIA BASED ON THE SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY

The paper aims to present the situation of agricultural lands and the effects of their management on the sustainable development of agriculture in the North-West Development Region of Romania, at the level of 2023. The study is based on data taken through the sociological survey method based on a questionnaire, of a number of 276 respondents. The collected data were interpreted for the following indicators: the type of agriculture practiced, agricultural techniques applied, the involvement of agricultural farms in associative forms, the surface of agricultural land, irrigation of agricultural land, fragmentation of agricultural land, types of crops and the use of modern technologies for a digital agriculture. After analysing the data, it is observed that a predominantly conventional and mixed agriculture is practiced, using an average of 150 hectares per farm. Due to the large presence of arable land, the main crops are field crops, represented by cereals and fodder plants. Permanent crops represented in particular by permanent meadows are owned by the majority of farmers (87.3%), and horticultural crops are present in only 27.17% of farms. Modern technologies have a high potential in the development of the region and must be exploited more in the future.

Does Land Fragmentation Affect the Effectiveness of Fiscal Subsidies for Agriculture: Evidence from China

Fiscal and land policies are important tools in developing agriculture in China. Understanding how agricultural subsidies and land fragmentation jointly affect agricultural Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is crucial for building a strong agricultural nation. This paper utilizes microdata from fixed observation points in rural China from 2003 to 2017 and employs panel bidirectional fixed-effect models and moderation-effect models to empirically analyze the impact of agricultural subsidies and land fragmentation on agricultural TFP. The research finds: (1) Agricultural subsidies positively affect agricultural TFP, while land fragmentation leads to decreased agricultural TFP. (2) Land fragmentation hinders the positive effects of agricultural subsidies on agricultural TFP. A 1% increase in land fragmentation could lead to approximately a 3% decrease in the enhancement effect of agricultural subsidies, with significant impacts on households in major grain-producing areas and those primarily engaged in agriculture. (3) There is no evidence that reforms in the “three agricultural subsidies” would alter the combined effect of agricultural subsidies and land fragmentation on agricultural TFP. The obstructive role of land fragmentation cannot be mitigated through the “three agricultural subsidies” reform. The study indicates that the incentivizing role of agricultural subsidies has not been fully realized, and land fragmentation remains a key bottleneck in agricultural development. Fiscal support for agriculture should be coupled with effective land reform policies for synergistic efforts.

Aging, land fragmentation, and banana farmers' adoption of biopesticides in China.

Encouraging farmers to adopt biopesticides is a crucial strategy for protecting the ecological environment and achieving sustainable agricultural development. This study utilizes data from a micro-survey of 454 banana farmers from Hainan Province of China and employs a logit model to analyze the effects of aging, land fragmentation, and their interactions on farmers' adoption of biopesticides, as well as the heterogeneity of farmers in different household life cycles. The findings reveal that aging and land fragmentation both hinder biopesticide adoption, with farmers experiencing higher levels of aging and more fragmented land holdings being less likely to utilize biopesticides in banana production. Mechanism analysis uncovers an interaction effect between aging and land fragmentation that hampers biopesticide adoption. Furthermore, the effects of aging, land fragmentation, and their interaction on biopesticide adoption behavior vary across farmers in different family life cycles. Specifically, aging negatively affects biopesticide adoption behavior for farmers in support households, while land fragmentation negatively influences farmers in dependency and burden households. The interaction between aging and land fragmentation adversely affects farmers in burden households. Our findings highlight the importance of aging agricultural labor and land fragmentation to promote green agriculture in China and call for more relevant policies to encourage farmers with different household life cycles to adopt biopesticides in farming practices.

Is the second generation of transmigrants more prosperous? A study of intergenerational welfare in ex-transmigration settlements

Purpose. This study aims to analyze: (1) the characteristics of the second generation of transmigrants; (2) the welfare of the second generation compared to the first generation.
 Methodology / approach. The research setting is two villages in Rimbo Bujang District, Tebo Regency, Jambi Province, Indonesia. The population of this study consists of second-generation transmigrant families over the age of 20 or married. A simple random sampling method determined the sample. The number of samples is 40 respondents for each selected village; the total sample is 80 respondents for the second generation and 80 for the first generation. A descriptive analysis was conducted with the help of single and cross-frequency tables.
 Results. The welfare of the second generation is improved compared to the first generation. The study found that land fragmentation occurred in transmigrant families, but this did not cause a decrease in welfare, as there are job opportunities outside the agricultural sector and land fragmentation already within the family. The second generation of transmigrants can take advantage of these job opportunities outside the agricultural sector because their education is better than the first generation.
 Originality / scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of this research is related to the object of research, namely the welfare of transmigrant descendants. So far, research on transmigration has focused more on the first generation of transmigration and the macro aspects of the transmigration program.
 Practical value / implications. The government is recommended to facilitate and create a favorable investment climate so that non-agricultural business activities in transmigration villages can develop better. The development of these non-agricultural activities will open up new job opportunities and be able to eliminate the decline in welfare due to the fragmentation of land within the family.

Impact of agricultural production outsourcing service and land fragmentation on agricultural non-point source pollution in China: Evidence from Jiangxi Province

Agricultural production outsourcing service (APOS) are developing rapidly in China. In-depth research on whether the development of agricultural production outsourcing service can reduce agricultural non-point source pollution (ANSP) and the influencing mechanisms is still lacking. This study analyze the underlying mechanisms and empirically estimate the impact of agricultural production outsourcing service on agricultural non-point source pollution, explore the effect of land fragmentation on the relationship between them, and further empirically test these relationships with microsurvey data on farmers in China. The results reveal that agricultural production outsourcing service are negatively correlated with excess nitrogen and chemical fertilizer input. Agricultural production outsourcing service use can reduce excess nitrogen and an increase in the number of plots of land leads to an increase in excess nitrogen, and lower the negative effect of agricultural production outsourcing service on excess nitrogen. Agricultural production outsourcing service affect excess nitrogen by reducing farmers’ input of chemical fertilizers and increasing their adoption of green agricultural production technology. In the future, China should vigorously promote the development of agricultural production outsourcing service organizations, improve the standardization of outsourcing services to expand the scale of agricultural production outsourcing service. The government should also strengthen policy support for the construction of field roads, water conservation and irrigation, and should strive to centrally manage scattered land. It is necessary to encourage small-scale farmers to outsource agricultural production activities to the service organizations, thus reducing the negative effect of land fragmentation and increasing the positive effect of agricultural production outsourcing service in reducing agricultural non-point source pollution.

Utvrđivanje sadržaja hroma, arsena i nikla u poljoprivrednom zemljištu opštine Topola

The content of potentially toxic elements chromium (Cr), arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni), in the agricultural land of the municipality of Topola was examined in this paper, with a presentation of geographic and natural characteristics of the municipality and the land use of agricultural land. The municipality has a central position in Serbia and it is characterized by favourable conditions for growing agricultural cultures. The content of Cr in the land in most cases is between the minimum limit value (MLV) and remediation value (RV), while the content of As on 87% of the examined areas is lower than the MLV, and the content of Ni on 94% of the areas is between the values of the MLV and the RV. It is necessary to take measures of prevention of the use of agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes and fragmentation of arable agricultural land as well as implementing the control of soil fertility.

Towards a typology of agri-urban patterns to support spatial planning: evidence from Lisbon, Portugal

Urbanisation in Europe has been the main cause of agricultural land fragmentation and agricultural land use loss and has given rise to significant socio-economic and environmental costs, particularly in urban regions. Accordingly, there is a consensus in the literature that sustaining urban and peri-urban agriculture are significant towards urban sustainable development. This paper aims to characterise agri-urban spatial patterns and changes occurring in the Lisbon metropolitan region (LMR) by using indicators from both urban and agricultural dimensions. A self-organising map (SOM) clustering method was used to build an agri-urban classification. Nine clusters were proposed. We found that in the LMR, urban and agriculture patterns are diverse: agriculture can range from gardening to intensive and extensive forms; and from decline to stability. We discuss that the use of multidimensional indicators enables comprehensive typologies and allows for a better territorial diagnosis that can contribute to informing decision-makers towards more effective protection of agriculture in spatial planning.

The Fragmenting Countryside and the Challenge of Retaining Agricultural Land: The Vermont Case

Many rural areas in the United States and Europe have been changing from agricultural landscapes to a mix of farm and nonagricultural uses. The fragmentation of agricultural land reflects the higher value of nonagricultural uses but may pose a threat to agricultural operations. Vermont, a rural state, has tried to slow the loss and fragmentation of farmland. Agricultural census and land parcel data are analyzed to identify what are the supply and demand factors of fragmentation, what are the pros and cons of fragmentation, and have Vermont’s efforts to regulate development and sustain farming slowed the conversion and fragmentation of farmland? The amount of Vermont farmland has declined sharply since 1959 and a considerable amount of rural land has been fragmented into lots that have limited value for dairy production, the state’s primary agricultural industry. Vermont’s farmland preservation programs appear to have had some success in slowing farmland loss after 2002. However, the economics of farming will continue to challenge the viability of agricultural operations.

Remote sensing-based techniques for water management in small-scale farms in arid climate

Abstract Accurate estimation of actual evapotranspiration () is a critical component in improving agricultural water management and water use efficiency. Remote sensing (RS) techniques provide a promising inexpensive tool for reliable crop water consumption estimations compared to conventional field measurements. Having agricultural land fragmentation and mixed cropping systems in the Nile River Delta, traditional methods of estimating are seemingly challenging. The present study aims to improve agricultural water management at the meso scale using RS-based techniques. Four RS-based methods were employed to estimate in mixed cropping farms at the Nile River Delta. The adopted methods include: (i) the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), (ii) the Simplified Surface Energy Balance algorithm (SSEB), (iii) Earth Engine Evapotranspiration Flux (EEFLUX) product, and (iv) the crop coefficient () method. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed a significant difference between the employed RS-based techniques. During the winter season 2018–2019, the estimated varied from 331.33 mm/season to 389.34 mm/season, with an average of 358.76 mm/season. The irrigation efficiency was estimated to be about 55–63%, with an average of 59.55%. The study developed an algorithm to schedule the operation hours of irrigation pumps in the study area based on actual water requirements and pump capacity. The study highlights the relevance of RS methods and the importance of the equitable distribution of water in small farms to enhance water management.

Agricultural land consolidation vs. land fragmentation in Russia

The development of Agricultural Land Consolidation in Russia has always been unique, compared to other countries due to the state land policy, the vastness of the territory, and the variety of natural and soil conditions. Because of it, the internationally recognized and generally accepted approaches and models of it cannot always be accepted and applied. The consolidation of agricultural land in the country is developing sometimes spontaneously and is chaotic. At the federal level, there is an extended trend of the absorption of private land by parastatals. There is also an extended trend of decreasing the land use of coops and increasing the land use of joint-stock companies and partnerships. The development of Agricultural Land Consolidation in Russia is primarily dependent on regional land policies. In Kalmykia, the unique trend continues to increase the number of private farms with an increase in their average size. In this regard, the super goal of the paper is to research how to apply Project Analysis Principles Approach to strengthen the development of Agricultural Land Consolidation in Russia. The specific objective of the paper is to research the role and importance of Agricultural Land Market tools to support the consolidation of agricultural lands.

Land use mosaics in Mediterranean rainfed agricultural areas as an indicator of collective crop successions: Insights from a land use time series study conducted in Cap Bon, Tunisia

CONTEXTIn cultivated landscapes, land use patterns related to the diversity of crops, their spatial arrangement into patches and their succession over several years influence many biophysical processes and the production of ecosystem services and disservices. Understanding the determinants of these patterns is a prerequisite for the development of acceptable alternative land use patterns. Most studies deem crop distribution patterns at the landscape level to be the result of individual allocations of crop successions to fields designed at the farm level. However, in some parts of the world, there are collective crop successions that apply to groups of adjacent fields on different farms. OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to examine the extent to which the spatiotemporal distribution of crops at the landscape scale relates to collective crop successions. METHODSThe study was based on a Mediterranean rainfed agricultural landscape (67.7 km2) located in northeastern Tunisia, in which collective successions respond to constraints related to agricultural land fragmentation. Combined with field mapping, remotely sensed land use time series were used to identify three-year crop sequences, classify them into crop succession types and identify clusters of adjacent fields with the same type of crop succession. We assumed that such a cluster was the result of a collective succession if the determinants of the individual crop succession locations did not explain its size (expressed in the number of fields). We related such determinants to the characteristics of the fields and their land-use environment and defined them statistically. Then, we developed a spatial permutation test to distinguish clusters resulting only from the determinants of the individual crop succession locations from those resulting from collective succession. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSThe results show that the collective successions mainly comprised biennial successions (wheat sown alternately with legumes, spices or forage crops). These successions were synchronized between adjacent fields based on wheat cultivation; all fields in the same cluster had wheat in the same year. Collective successions were secondarily comprised of fodder-dominant successions. These collective successions involved approximately 40% of the fields and their total area in the study area. These fields belonged to different clusters ranging in size from two to 96 adjacent fields. SIGNIFICANCEThe developed approach is a tool for mapping the likely presence of collective successions and considering this factor in the definition of sustainable land use scenarios at the landscape level for better soil and water management.

Implementation of meta-heuristic optimization algorithms for interview problem in land consolidation: A case study in Konya/Turkey

The cultivation of soil for supply of nutritional products necessary for human life is called agriculture. Although agriculture is very important for human beings, it is getting more difficult day by day to cultivate soil efficiently for various reasons. One of the main causes, which significantly prevents sustainable agriculture, is land fragmentation. Land consolidation is one of the important measures taken in order to prevent further fragmentation of agricultural land and the decrease in yield obtained from agriculture. The land consolidation process consists of several time consuming steps. Interview, today conducted manually in Turkey, is the stage where preferences of landowners are taken. These preferences correspond to the blocks that enterprises want their parcels to be placed at the end of consolidation. The interview phase takes a long time as it is carried out manually by a technician. Various studies have been done to improve the land consolidation, but most of these studies focus on other stages of process. In this study, genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II and multi objective particle swarm optimization are applied on the interview problem. The interview problem is a discrete structure optimization problem, thus its solution with traditional methods is difficult and time consuming. Preference lists are generated automatically using optimization algorithms. These lists are compared with the actual interview lists created by the technician. The experimental results confirm the success of algorithms in solving the real world problem.

Land Use Changes in Turkish Territories: Patterns, Directions and Socio-Economic Impacts on Territorial Management

Human activities have been changing the Earth's cover at an unparalleled scale. In this regard, and cover mapping is a decisive advantage for several kinds of research. Also, the outcomes from these investigations could be applied to plan a sustainable regional governance policy. This article studied land-use changes in the Turkish Territories in 1990, 2000, 2012, and 2018 using the Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) data. The results showed a significant and gradual land-use change from agricultural to mostly artificial surfaces. The majority of land-use changes are related to industrial and commercial units and construction sites. The most degraded agricultural land uses are non-irrigated arable land and pastures, while there is an increasing trend in permanently irrigated land. This study's outcome can be considered a surveying baseline for the comparative analysis of similar works for different land-use change trends in Europe or worldwide. Landuse change studies are reliable tools to evaluate the human activities and footprint of proposed strategies and policies in a territory. This article also enables us to understand that Turkey's decisive actors should design development policies to encourage industrial investments and agricultural ventures in Turkey and adapt the land-use/land cover strategies to mitigate agricultural land fragmentation.

Are There Any Undesired Effects of Anti-Land Fragmentation Programs on Farm Production Practices and Farm Input Use?

Most policies designed to reduce land fragmentation involve land consolidation. However, research examining the relationship between agricultural zoning and land fragmentation has not yet been explored. This paper considers the causal impact of an anti-land fragmentation policy on farmland use and farm production inputs relevant to environmental quality using a population-based census survey of farm households in Taiwan. Using the regression discontinuity method, we found that the anti-land fragmentation policy reduced the proportion of farmland used in farm production and environmental conservation by 2.4% and 2.6%, respectively. The policy also impacted the proportion of farmland using fertilizers, irrigation systems, and underground water. Our results show that anti-land fragmentation policies must be carefully designed to avoid negatively impacting farmland use and the environment.

Arazi Toplulaştırma Projelerinin Arazi Parçalanma Değişimine Etkisi: Türkiye ve Polonya Örneği

Tarım arazilerinin parçalanması tüm dünyada yaygın bir problemdir ve bu problem tarım işletmeleri için arazi kullanımının, sürdürülebilir tarım ve rasyonel tarımsal kalkınmanın önündeki en büyük engellerden biridir. Arazi Toplulaştırması, arazi parçalanma etkilerini ortadan kaldırmak için parsellerin yeniden tahsisini içerir. Arazi Toplulaştırma projelerinden beklenen toplulaştırma sonrasında işletmelerin parsel sayılarını mümkün olduğunca en aza indirmektir. Böylece, Arazi Toplulaştırma projeleri ile arazi parçalılığı ve bununla birlikte işçilik, yol, sulama, bakım gibi girdiler azalmakta ve bu projelerden sağlanan verimi oldukça artırmaktadır. Bu nedenle arazi parçalılığının ölçülmesi, Arazi Toplulaştırma projelerinin planlanmasında ve sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesinde önemlidir. Arazi parçalılığı değerlendirilirken belirli bir işletmenin sahip olduğu parseller arasındaki mesafe faktörü dikkate alınmalıdır. Çünkü arazi parçalanması birçok parametreye dayanan mekânsal bir olgudur. Bundan dolayı, arazi parçalılığını belirlemede daha doğru bir yaklaşım için mekânsal yapının dikkate alınması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Arazi Toplulaştırma öncesi ve sonrası parsellerin mekânsal dağılımını göz önünde bulundurarak Arazi Toplulaştırma projelerinin arazi parçalılığı üzerindeki etkisinin değerlendirilmesidir. Bunun içinde Türkiye ve Polonya’dan birer uygulama alanı üzerinde Arazi Toplulaştırmanın arazi parçalılığına etkisi incelenmiştir. Arazi parçalılığını ölçmek için; Average distance of a hectare indeksi, Grouping indeks, Structural indeks, Scattering indeks, Januszewski indeks ve Simmons’s indeks’leri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre arazi toplulaştırma projeleri sonucunda arazi parçalanmasının azaldığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca Arazi Toplulaştırma projelerinde arazi parçalılığın ölçülmesinde parseller arasındaki mesafeyi dikkate alan arazi parçalılık indesklerinin (Average distance of a hectare indeksi, Grouping indeks, Structural indeks, Scattering indeks) kullanımı önerilmektedir.

MULTIPURPOSE RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN SELECTED EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES (EXAMPLES OF IMPLEMENTED PROJECTS)

The purpose of this paper is to present, by means of case studies, examples of activities in the field of multipurpose development businesses which, due to services offered, their location and recognition, can serve as good practices and provide inspiration for the development of such activities in rural areas of selected EU countries. A key aspect of multipurpose rural development is to shift from single-function development towards farm diversification in order to engage in and develop non-agricultural activities. The concept of multipurpose rural development, where agriculture is no longer the sole function of rural areas, has often become a panacea for maintaining the basic form of agriculture, especially in areas affected by severe fragmentation of agricultural land. The examples found in three countries (Poland, Spain and Romania) showed that agriculture can be combined with non-agricultural activities with environmentally-friendly, innovative and educational concepts. The analyzed cases also showed that entrepreneurship in rural areas is often carried out in accordance with the principles of sustainable development, and the multifunctional nature of these activities indicates that even small farms are able to survive. However, it is important that it is not only agricultural activity, but other activities connected with it, using natural and cultural resources of farms and villages, such as processing or education.

Agricultural land fragmentation in Iran: Application of game theory

Agricultural land fragmentation (ALF) is one of the main challenges of developing countries including Iran. ALF could affect agricultural production, rural development, labor supply, food security, and land use change. Therefore, ALF management should be one of the main components of the land policy and decision-making systems regarding agricultural lands. In Iran (similar to many other countries), ALF has two main players: farmers and government. The main aim of this study is to explain and evaluate the strategic space of decision-making between farmer and government regarding the issue of ALF in Iran using game theory. It presents an ALF strategic game model based on the ordinal and cardinal preferences of the players. The results of this study show that, in the ordinal form of the game, the farmer tends to fragment his or her agricultural land, although the strictly dominant strategy of the farmer is “do not fragment”. The main causes of conflict include: a) The players of this game act with respect to their best individual response and without considering the whole system payoffs; b) The players cannot create the necessary structures for collaboration; and c) There is not an external authority to enforce rules and regulations of the game. This study analyzes the ALF game under cardinal preferences that is closer to the real world of ALF. Concerning cardinal preferences, the best response of each player is related to at least four variables: the value of fragmented land (VF) and non-fragmented land (VN), the punishment value (PV), and the encouragement value (EV). This study concludes that if a government or land policy-makers want to manage ALF, they should not apply the same strategies for all the agricultural lands. The proper strategy for any kind of land is not only dependent on their policies (PV and EV) but also on VF and VN.

Remote sensing-based detection of agricultural land losses around Greater Cairo since the Egyptian revolution of 2011

Over the last four decades, the loss of agricultural land has been observed in Egypt at high rates. However, the highest rates of losses have occurred since the January 25th revolution in 2011. Greater Cairo (GC), which is the largest metropolitan in Egypt, has witnessed a massive loss of agricultural land since the 2011 revolution. However, until now, no study or official report has revealed the volume of agricultural land losses in this region. This study quantifies agricultural land losses around the GC using Landsat satellite images from 2010 and 2018. Supervised classification was performed using the maximum likelihood algorithm in QGIS software. A post-classification comparison method was applied to detect the land use/land cover changes between the classified images; then, the loss of agricultural land was quantified using Arc GIS software. Visualizations of the gains and losses in agricultural land and the spatial trends of agricultural land losses were created using TerrSet software. The results show that 9600 ha of agricultural land were converted to urban use during 2010–2018, which means that the annual rate of agricultural land loss has tripled and now reaches approximately 1200 ha per year. Decay of executive authority, rapid population growth, real estate market speculation and fragmentation of agricultural land were the main driving factors of agricultural land losses during this period. The results of this research may help decision makers understand the current high rate of agricultural land loss. Hence, appropriate strategies may be adopted to prevent future losses of this valuable land.

Analysis of the effect of land consolidation projects in terms of land fragmentation and parcel shapes: the case of Konya, Turkey

Agricultural land fragmentation and irregularity of parcel shapes are a structural land management problem that prevents the development of modern agriculture. Januszewski (JI) and Simmons (SI) indices are widely used to determine agricultural land parcel fragmentation. Shape index (SHI) and fractal dimension (FD) are also commonly used to evaluate parcel shapes. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the land consolidation project in terms of fragmentation and change of parcel shapes. The purpose of land consolidation projects is to ensure the optimum use of the land and to obtain maximum benefit. The success level of land consolidation projects should be evaluated. Therefore, changes of land parcel fragmentation and parcel shape changes before and after the LC were analyzed using Candir District project data. In addition, the effects of LC project on parcel shape and size, the effect on parcel boundaries, and the effect of change of the distance between parcels on fuel saving and changes due to irrigation were investigated. As a result, according to Januszewski and Simmons indices, the ratio of farm enterprise whose index values were less than 0.40 was 1.17% and 3.7% before the LC, respectively, and decreased to 0.6% and 2.3% after the LC. The obtained values showed that the land parcel fragmentation decreased in Candir District. In addition, the ratio of farm enterprises whose SHI were greater than 1.60, which implies non-uniform geometric parcel shapes, was 6.5% before the LC, but this ratio decreased to 5.8% after the LC. While the ratio of farm enterprises having parcels, which were non-uniform according to FD values, was 1.6% before the LC, this rate decreased to 0.9% after the LC. These results show that JI and SI indexes can be used in land consolidation projects. In addition, SHI and FD indices are generally parameters that can measure how close the parcel shapes are to the smooth geometric shapes, but they do not give successful results in each parcel. Finally, according to the results of the survey conducted with the farmers, the LC provided a significant economic gain to farm enterprise owners in this region.