Agricultural Holdings Research Articles

Forecast, analytical and trend analysis of the development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia in the main agri-food markets as an area of state strategic guidelines

Abstract The modern structure of the Russian agro-industrial complex has the properties of consolidation, expansion and prevalence of agricultural organizations and agricultural holdings, as evidenced by the factor of their provision for about two-thirds of the total agricultural production. This circumstance states the growing dominance of large agricultural business and the progressive evolution of the agricultural sector, as well as the reduction in the importance of individual farms of the population. In the course of the study, the current state of development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia is considered, a forecast, analytical and trend analysis of the development of the domestic agro-industrial complex is carried out through the prism of the fundamental agri-food markets and the contours of the subsequent progress in the development of the agricultural sector in the context of the evolving restructuring of the social, economic and political situation are determined. The novelty of the research lies in the presentation of forecast estimates and trends in the development of the main agri-food markets of the Russian agro-industrial complex, which determine the presumptive transformation of the agrarian mechanism of Russia in the medium and long term: destabilization of international political and trade-economic cooperation, intensification of economic restrictive measures, as well as fundamentally new state priorities. The agricultural sector of the economy tends to react extremely sharply to the current situation in recent years, manifested in unstable international economic relations and foreign policy crises, which directly negatively affects the conditions for the functioning of the agricultural business. The presented forecast scenario for the development of agri-food markets will contribute to the formation of directions for state strategic management, planning and regulation of the agro-industrial complex for the medium and long term.

Application of Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis to Maize Cultivated in Tropical Soils in Brazilian Semi-Arid

ABSTRACT Nutritional diagnosis, a technique used to maximize the economic yield of agricultural holdings and to protect the environment, is the focus of this study. Nutrient availability is one of the critical limiting factors in maize grain yield. The study, which aimed to establish and compare the nutritional standards obtained by the Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) method in maize grown in tropical soils in a semi-arid region, is based on a thorough examination of a database containing information from 198 experimental plots collected between 2011 and 2019 in the semi-arid region of Ceará, Brazil. The evaluation methodology was the multivariate CND calculation method. The mathematical models used to analyze the relationship between the nutrient’s CND-r2 index and leaf concentrations revealed coefficients of determination (R2) for nitrogen (N) and magnesium (Mg) of 0.36 and 0.66, respectively. The other values exceeded 70% (R2 ≥ 0.70), while phosphurus (P), calcium (Ca), cupper (Cu), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) showed values above 90% (R2 ≥ 0.90). These results not only highlight the high accuracy of these models in studying the interactions between nutrient coefficients and their leaf concentrations but also reassure the reader about the reliability of the research. The study’s thoroughness instills confidence in the research’s validity.

Trends and drivers of land abandonment in Poland under Common Agricultural Policy

The results of existing research predict that the area of abandoned land will increase in many European regions. One of the countries that are the most prone to this process is Poland where agriculture, after many transformations, is still an important sector of the economy. It is essential to determine drivers of the abandonment of agricultural land use in order to effectively counteract this process. Through the Common Agricultural Policy, the European Union financially supports farmers who use agricultural land in accordance with the environmental protection requirements. This study investigated to what extent the land use, the characteristics of agricultural holdings, the demographics as well as economic factors impacted the process of land abandonment in Poland during the period 2002–2020. The analysis was carried out using statistical and spatial data pertaining to the period before and after Poland’s accession to the European Union. Our results demonstrate that the share of abandoned land within the country's agricultural area has decreased from 9.7 % to 1.2 %. Direct payments to farmers and the agrarian structure of farms were the most significant factors affecting this process. Spearman’s rank order correlations between the share of abandoned arable land and the two mentioned variables are close to or higher than 0.5 in each analysed year. The obtained results did not confirm the common conviction that environmental factors play a decisive role in the process of cultivation abandonment.

Особливості управлінського обліку витрат на маркетинг та збут в сільськогосподарських підприємствах

The study is particularly relevant as it aims to highlight the crucial role of management accounting in agricultural enterprises. The study involved the use of a set of the following methods: bibliographic (collection and analysis of existing literature in the direction of the study); analysis and synthesis (analysis of existing approaches to the methodology and classification of marketing costs and sales costs); logical generalization (regarding proposals for improvement of account 93 “Sales expenses” and item 50 of the current year). Management accounting, a key component of the accounting system, plays a vital role, with the share of accounting information in the management accounting system being about a third. The costing process involves using a set of tools for collecting, analyzing and making recommendations on marketing and sales costs, so the following methodological approaches for the management process should be applied: marketing management and sales management. These methodical approaches enable us to determine the disadvantages and advantages faced by management. Moreover, marketing management can be detailed according to various aspects, and more in-depth work can be carried out in their section. However, this is likely only for large agricultural enterprises (primarily agricultural holdings) with numerous staff and departments. It is suggested to use a system of indicators to determine the effectiveness of marketing and sales of products: the cost of attracting a customer, the lifetime value of a customer, the average revenue from one user, the value of a customer for the entire period, the return on investment in marketing and the return on product sales. Accounting for management needs according to the indicator “Costs for sales” is kept on the account of the same name 93. This account is intended only partially to disclose marketing costs regarding customer product delivery, promotions, fairs, exhibitions, etc. Therefore, based on today’s needs, many scientists recommend making corrections to account 93 not only in terms of its name, but also in its contents. For improvement, the following name of account 93, “Marketing and sales expenses,” is proposed with the following analytical accounts: 931, “Marketing expenses,” 932, “Sales expenses,” and 933, “Other expenses.” It is recommended, if necessary, that the proposed sub-accounts be detailed by spending areas for the needs of the accounting staff. It is also suggested to add to f. 50 s.g. new indicators, in addition to sales costs (column 14), included in the cost of goods sold: marketing costs (column 13) and other costs (column 15). Keywords: management accounting, management, marketing costs, sales costs, agricultural enterprise.

Consequential life cycle assessment of bamboo leaf ash generation: A Brazilian context

The potential of biomass growth, such as from bamboo leaves, as a source of electricity provides an optimistic scenario for the sustainable development of new green building materials. To validate robust life cycle inventory (LCI) data for incoming high-quality silica sources for cementitious materials, a consequential life cycle assessment (CLCA) on the bamboo leaves ash (BLA) with a prospective approach was conducted. The LCI data was collected in Southeastern Brazil with a prospective maturity in biomass electricity system. The data was gathered by analyzing the various stages involved in the production of BLA, including bamboo cultivation, leaf collection, cogeneration, raw BLA beneficiation, and its impact on cement and electricity marginal production systems. According to the multifunctionality solution, the environmental impacts results of CLCA were discussed using a sensibility analysis with two attributional life cycle assessment (ALCA) scenarios as allocation and “zero environmental load” (considering BLA as residue). The scenarios demonstrate the potential for sustainable use of BLA, especially for its impact on climate change, including the biogenic carbon category. Also, consequences such as avoiding BLA landfilling and increasing the potential for bamboo agricultural holdings to become energy independent was included in the study conclusion. While these results are positive, the prospect of maturing electricity production requires the development of other high-quality materials, such as sugarcane bagasse ash, sugarcane leaf ash and rice husk ash. However, the positives consequences did not overcome the negative impacts from the transportation of BLA into its system boundaries, once the highway transport model is the manly in the Brazilian context. Hence, this study provides important and reproducible pathways for developing LCI data on other biomass ashes, assisting future studies on green building materials.

Environmental Impact of Agricultural Land Transfer in China: A Systematic Review on Sustainability

Farmland holding fragmentation facilitates more extensive use of agricultural chemicals, which harm the natural environment. Agricultural land transfer in China aims to consolidate agricultural holdings, promoting economies of scale and addressing socio-economic and environmental concerns. This systematic review aims to examine the impact of agricultural land transfer on the environment. The review evaluates 60 empirical research articles retrieved through the Web of Science and SCOPUS databases, which discuss the relationship between agricultural land transfer and the environment. The findings indicate that agricultural land transfer has both positive and negative impacts on the environment. Farmers who engage in land rental and adopt sustainable agricultural practices, including the utilization of organic fertilizers, implementation of conservation measures, and application of efficient carbon reduction techniques, have demonstrated a notable positive influence on the environment. The lack of regulatory mechanisms concerning agricultural land transfer, including non-adjacent agricultural land transfer and large-scale farmers’ improper chemical utilization, causes significant negative environmental consequences such as biodiversity loss and ecosystem destruction. As such, we recommend innovative institutional developments addressing spatial and temporal considerations, land use, market systems, and household conditions to reconcile the links between agricultural land transfer policy and environmental outcomes. We urge continued research into the multidimensional and potential effects of agricultural land transfer to facilitate better-informed policy-making.

An Analytical Study of the Distribution of Agricultural Holdings in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate

An Analytical Study of the Distribution of Agricultural Holdings in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate

Análisis de la sostenibilidad en los sistemas de producción ovina en el Altiplano de Michoacán

The sustainability of sheep production systems may be at risk and must be evaluated in order to identify actions to improve their performance. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the sustainability of sheep production units in the highlands area of the state of Michoacán, Mexico. The method of sustainability indicators of agricultural holdings was used, through the scales: agroecological, socio-territorial and economic. 40 indicators were evaluated through a semi-structured survey in 108 production units. The indicators of each sheep production unit were concentrated in a database and scores were obtained according to the method guide. In order to group sheep production units with similar characteristics, a multivariate cluster analysis was carried out using the hierarchical method. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found in the three scales evaluated with: 42.3; 47.7 and 50.0% sustainability units respectively. The main limitation of sustainability was the agroecological scale, in the space organization component. Four clusters of sheep production units with different characteristics were obtained. The sheep production units in the area have not reached a state of acceptable sustainability. The limited land area puts its permanence at risk. These production units manage to generate economic resources and support family self-sufficiency, which has allowed them to remain over time, due to the diversity of the agricultural species they manage.

GUIDELINES FOR IMPROVING STRATEGIC MARKETING ACTIVITIES IN AGRIBUSINESS

The agrarian business in Bulgaria has potential for development by applying a marketing approach in its management. Agricultural production can be developed by satisfying the needs of the market. The supply of Bulgarian agricultural products faces many market challenges, which forces farmers to look for means to improve the market image of their products. The purpose of the article is to determine guidelines for improving the management of Bulgarian agricultural holdings. Implementation of strategic marketing activities by farmers can improve their economic performance based on better market performance. The correct implementation of these activities requires that they be considered as part of a systemic process that affects all elements of the production and marketing system. This requires that the management functions related to planning, execution and control of marketing activities are performed in the context of the market environment for each particular business.

Prerequisites for the formation of business alliances among agricultural exporters in Ukraine under martial law

This article explores the state and structural trends of the grain and oilseed market under martial law in Ukraine, focusing on the prerequisites for the formation of business alliances. In scientific literature, business alliances are often seen as strategies for achieving competitive advantages in globalized markets by pooling the resources and competencies of independent companies. However, the formation and functioning of business alliances in countering extreme business conditions remain underexplored. This study aims to summarize the prerequisites, factors, and potential benefits of forming business alliances among agricultural exporters. Despite the negative impact of war, Ukrainian agribusiness has demonstrated resilience and adaptability by maintaining a leading position in exports. The analysis of exporter ratings has shown significant changes in the distribution of market shares during the first two years of the war, indicating shifts in the market roles traditionally played by participants. Interviews with the CEOs of leading agricultural holdings in Ukraine outlined the main tactical and strategic decisions taken to mitigate the challenges of the war. Partnerships among independent agricultural producers have been widely used to respond to challenges such as closed export markets, finding new export routes, and achieving the necessary scale for export operations. Systematizing this experience could be of scientific and practical interest, particularly in the context of ongoing events in Ukraine. Effective communication and alliances among participants in the grain market may help address critical tasks such as creating competitive advantages in global grain trade, reducing costs for external and internal logistics, jointly using logistics infrastructure, and investing in capital-intensive projects to develop export infrastructure, especially under increased risk conditions.

NEPOREZNA DAVANJA U POLJOPRIVREDNOM SEKTORU REPUBLIKE HRVATSKE

Among the numerous financial burdens of natural and legal entities, non-tax and parafiscal levies certainly occupy a significant place, and these levies represent an issue faced by the professional and scientific community. The main aim of this paper is to determine the conceptual differentiation between non-tax levies and parafiscal levies, and to investigate the attitudes of agricultural holdings regarding these levies and their impact on the agricultural sector. In order to go deeper into the research issues, specific goals are also defined in the paper. One of the specific goals is to determine whether non-tax levies have a negative impact on agricultural activity, while the other specific goal is to establish whether frequent changes in the legal and institutional framework of non-tax levies negatively affect the competitiveness of Croatian agriculture, and whether the structural reforms to date have affected the competitiveness of the agricultural sector. Empirical research was conducted on a sample of 197 agricultural holdings, and the obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, multiple regression analysis and correlation analysis. The research results showed that non-tax levies have a negative impact on the development and representation of the agricultural sector in the economy) and that frequent changes in the legal and institutional framework of non-tax levies have a negative impact on the competitiveness of Croatian agriculture, as well as that structural reforms and measures to abolish or reduce non-tax levies have an effect on increasing competitiveness.

Innovations of Rural Areas as a Necessity of Green Economy and Sustainable Development

Abstract Increasing the competitiveness of agricultural products, sustainable management of rural resources, and demographic aspects of rural development are issues that unite both science and practice in thinking. The relevance of the topic is confirmed by data on the increase in population and demand for food, as well as changes in consumption habits of agricultural products. Research highlights the importance of applying the principles of the green economy using the example of plum production and marketing in the Republic of Serbia. Observing the average rate of fluctuation and the coefficient of variation of plum production around the calculated average value, we notice an uncertain market placement. The importance of the demographic picture of villages due to changes in rural population is depicted through the constant decrease in the agricultural population in the Republic of Serbia. The process of joining the European Union further emphasizes the importance of the green economy and sustainable development as priority areas for Serbia. Accession to the EU obliges the country to align with European standards, including those related to environmental protection and sustainable development. Thus, sustainable development represents a link between economic policy and environmental protection processes. The process of implementing the green economy in the agricultural sector in Serbia requires an active role of the state, regulatory framework, and support from international partners. Institutional support is the basis for successful implementation of efficient solutions. Additionally, it is important to promote innovation, short marketing channels, and knowledge exchange. Concrete measures involve organizing advisory services, training farmers through the modernization of agricultural holdings.

Conceptualization and development of a semi-automatic vegetable transplanter prototype for small landholdings

The process of seedling transplantation has significant importance within the realm of mechanical vegetable production in contemporary agriculture. A prototype of a two-row tractor-mounted semi-automatic vegetable seedling transplanter (SVT) was conceptualized and developed for small agricultural holdings. The functional behaviour of the prototype was examined with computer-aided design tools, and the various units of the prototype have been finalized. To develop the prototype, the feeding, metering, transplanting, drive train, and soil compacting/covering unit of the machine were developed and constructed using materials readily accessible locally. The machine has a set row-to-row spacing of 600 mm, and it may alter the plant-to-plant spacing when the machine's forward speed changes. The pace was customized to achieve the required 450 mm plant-to-plant spacing. A 12:1 speed reduction gearbox was used for the proper metering of seedlings. The effect of independent factors, namely tray cell type, feeding mechanism, soil covering/compacting wheel angle, and age of seedling, on the machine's actual field capacity (AFC) was examined. The prototype underwent preliminary field testing to assess the functional viability, and the functioning was satisfactory. The main effect of the feeding mechanism and soil covering/compacting wheel angle on AFC was statistically significant at 5 % for tomato and brinjal whereas their first-order interaction was found statistically significant on AFC for tomatoes. The findings demonstrate that this study's prototype can be marketed or used to further vegetable production studies.

The changing distribution of land in rural Vietnam, 2004–2014

This paper analyses the changing distribution of land in rural Vietnam based on plot-level information in the Vietnam Household Living Standards Surveys. Both agricultural and residential land holdings in Vietnam became more unequally distributed between 2004 and 2014, due to rising landlessness in the bottom quintile and land accumulation in the top quartile of the land distribution. Applying Fields’ regression-based inequality decomposition, we find the main drivers of land inequality were the share of household members working in agriculture and the shares of forestry and perennial crop land. In contrast, irrigation and off-farm employment contributed to reducing land inequality. Landlessness and near landlessness, which increased by almost two-fifths, is associated with similar factors, along with higher education of the household head. Taken together, these results underline the rapid structural transformation that has occurred in rural Vietnam. The rise in functional landlessness observed presents a challenge to the Vietnamese Government’s desire to promote growth with equity.

Corporate social responsibility and the relationship to stakeholders in large agricultural holdings in the Czech Republic

Corporate social responsibility and the relationship to stakeholders in large agricultural holdings in the Czech Republic

The Relationship Between Agricultural Holdings and Municipalities

The aim of the paper is to assess the differences in opinions on relation of agricultural holdings (agri-holdings) and the municipalities. Whether the relationship rating depended on the intensity of cooperation in particular area (social life, public benefit activities, ecological activities and strategic planning) was tested. The relationship was rated positively in majority of cases which helped to create social capital in the locality. Strong influence on it had sponsorship of the fire brigade (from point of view of agri-holdings). From the standpoint of municipalities, almost all activities were important. Better promotion of agri-holdings’ activities in all areas can be suggested as not all actions of agri-holdings were known to the representants of the municipality. Negative relationship was mainly due to the agri-holding damaging the environment. Hence, responsible behaviour is an important for the agri-holding reputation. The paper was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture (MZE-RO0922), Internal Research Project of IAEI no. 1117/2023.

Study on the profitability of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine during the russian military invasion of Ukraine

This paper examines the effectiveness of grouping agricultural enterprises according to the wheat harvested area and assesses their profitability. We have developed linear and non-linear regression equations to predict the income for said groups of enterprises. The methodology is designed for cases when future market prices are probabilistic in nature. With the help of the developed methodology, it is possible to calculate the necessary production volumes in the conditions of price fluctuations. We have used the Goldfeld–Quandt parametric test to test the model for heteroscedasticity. Calculations show that agricultural holdings are indeed inefficient, and preference should be given to enterprises with medium crop areas. Application of the Lagrange multipliers method when solving the problem of agricultural enterprise optimization makes it possible to increase profitability. The case of price risk, when future market prices are not deterministic, is considered. Therefore, it is necessary to be guided by two criteria when making managerial decisions: to maximize the expected total net income and to minimize the variance of the total net income.

The developmental role of tourism in rural areas

Rural areas in the Republic of Serbia occupy about 85% of the territory, where about 55% of the total population lives, while in the Republic of Srpska rural areas occupy about 95% of the territory and about 83% of its population lives in them. Rural tourism is a common name for various activities and forms of tourism that occur outside cities, ie urban areas and those areas where mass tourism has developed. It is conditioned by the tourist attractions that are located in these rural areas. The importance of rural tourism is reflected, above all, in the very important interaction of agricultural production, traditional agri-food products, presentation of traditions, traditional gastronomy and tourist services, and the use of already existing resources. Considering that the statistics of rural development capacity in Serbia and Republic of Srpska are based on estimates, it is assumed that a significant part of overnight stays, which are realized in spa and mountain areas, can also be treated as realized overnight stays in the field of rural tourist offer. Observing the general state of rural development in the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Srpska, it can be noticed that there are a number of limiting factors that condition the unenviable position of the rural tourist product on the tourist market. Some of them are as follows: low level of achieved quality of services provided, insufficient knowledge of new approaches to rural economy development in both competitive domestic and foreign tourism markets, lack of adequate institutional framework to ensure the coordinating role of the state and greater involvement of local authorities. in integrated rural development, poorly developed infrastructure, inadequate diversification of activities, dominance of sectoral policies. Respecting the census of agriculture and the statistical definition of agricultural holdings, the importance of a rural tourist household, ie a household located in a rural area and engaged in tourism, or as a more appropriate name for a tourist family farm must be mentioned. In addition to tourism in rural tourist households, in rural areas we encounter many special forms of tourism. Tourism in rural areas equally includes the activities of tourists (multi-day visitors) and excursionists (one-day visitors). Rural tourist households are generally considered to be basic rural tourism. However, for the development of rural tourism, not only rural tourist households are sufficient, but also other facilities on the rural tourist household itself and in the rural area. Other catering infrastructure is also needed: rooms and canopies for serving food, rooms for wine tasting, brandy, fruit and vegetable products, arranged approaches to the rural tourist household and parking lot, arranged tourist attractions (real, tourist available), restaurants, defined wine and brandy roads, marked bicycle and hiking trails, pilgrimage routes, receptive tourist agencies, ie designed and organized rural tourist destinations are needed, with all possible feasible contents of the tourist rural product. The quality of the rural tourist offer is affirmed as an important factor only in the new age, after it has been in the background for a long time, ie in the shadow of quantitative values. For each destination or company, it is important to be competitive in order to successfully sell their products on the market, and enable loyal tourists. In order for the quality to achieve its true level of development, certain specific circumstances should be determined, and that, along with modern technological development, is a very intensified competitive competition, especially pronounced on the global market.

Structural changes in the location and sectoral specialization of livestock breeding in the pre-war and during the war period

The article reveals structural shifts in the territorial organization and sectoral structure of animal husbandry in pre-war and during the war. Their trends were determined, an assessment was made, and certain regularities over the past 30 years were summarized. It was established that previously, animal husbandry was represented in almost all agricultural enterprises in the form of the organization and operation of farms of collective farms and state farms and had a relatively explicit zonal specialization by the objectively existing agricultural zones based on agro-climatic and production and economic indicators - Forest or Polissia, Forest-Steppe and Steppe; zones of the altitudinal belt in the mountains; suburban economy near large cities and urban agglomerations. However, in the 90s of the last centuries, the country started the curtailment of animal husbandry, the trends of which have not been overcome and persisted during the last 30 years and were significantly deepened by the war. It was determined that their causes were formed under the influence of inconsistent reforms and imperfect institutions for regulating the development of the industry; lack of investments and slow modernization and introduction of innovations; lack of entrepreneurial initiative among the vast majority of product manufacturers; deformation of the structure of agricultural land in the form of a significant reduction in the area of natural hayfields and pastures, a reduction in fodder production; the decline of selection and tribal food; a decrease in productivity and competitiveness compared to the indicators of the leading countries of the world and meat exporting countries. The only exception is the breeding of chickens and the production of products from them, which was revived on an innovative basis in the form of industrialized enterprises of extensive agricultural holdings with overconcentration of production and its main factors (land and capital) and acquired the status of a leading industry not only in the domestic, but also in the international product market poultry farming Cattle for meat, sheep breeding, horse breeding, and animal husbandry experienced the most significant reduction. On the contrary, beekeeping increased but suffered huge losses due to the war. As for the placement of industries, it had an explicit zonal conditionality and territorial organization with an orientation to the factors of raw materials for fodder, weather and climatic conditions for maintenance, factors of proximity to the consumer, and logistical support for the sale of products. However, with the modernization of enterprises and the concentration of production in large volumes, the improvement of communication routes and the increase in the speed of vehicles, the improvement of refrigeration equipment, the change in the location of crop production due to warming and the decrease in the amount of precipitation, the zonal specialization of livestock production is gradually losing its clarity, but this practically does not affect the efficiency of production. Accommodation remains a significant factor in the efficiency of poultry farming due to the focus on grain farming of the meat direction of cattle, sheep breeding, and horse breeding due to the focus on natural pastures. However, with the war, many animals and poultry, premises and equipment, property, and finished products were lost, and the industry suffered colossal losses. Among the factors of placement of livestock enterprises, safety was the first. Therefore, shifts in the location and branch structure of the industry have changed zonal priorities to regional ones and directions from north-south vectors to east-west. The priority is to prevent the destruction of livestock enterprises and their functioning in the relatively safe central and western regions. Keywords: structure, livestock, enterprises, households, agricultural zones, fodder production, purchase prices, innovations, territorial and industry specialization, risks, security, priorities, and prospects.

Typology of agricultural holdings: a starting point for understanding the performance of irrigated systems in Baalbek Al Hermel Lebanon.

The Mediterranean region is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change (CC) which raises important problems for Mediterranean agriculture. In fact, climate disruption creates some uncertainty in the decision-making of farmers in the management of their farms. This understanding can help researchers to better orient agricultural research on adaptation at the farm level and can help policy makers to develop adaptation policies. The semi-arid region of Baalbeck El Hermel is increasingly threatened by climate change. The agricultural systems constituting the main source of household subsistence in this zone show a significant vulnerability to these disturbances, especially about the limit in water resources. In this research we propose a framework to represent agricultural activities using typologies of farms and production units aggregated at a regional scale. We used empirical data from a local case study of the five most representative farming systems in the Baalbek-Hermel Governorate. Analysis of the results showed several behaviors and several levels of resilience of these farms:1-farms specializing in market gardening or perennial crops are very sensitive to drought conditions and are not resilient in the face of water limit conditions;2-the diversified farm with olive tree dominance is less sensitive and more resilient.