Role Of Agricultural Extension Research Articles

Role of Agricultural Extension in Addressing Food Security

Agricultural extension services play a pivotal role in global efforts to achieve food security, acting as a critical link between research, farmers, and policymakers. This comprehensive review examines the multifaceted contributions of agricultural extension to food security goals, drawing on theoretical frameworks, empirical evidence, and case studies from diverse global contexts. This paper explores how extension services address the four dimensions of food security: availability, access, utilization, and stability. It analyses the evolution of extension models, from traditional top-down approaches to participatory and market-led systems, assessing their relative effectiveness in enhancing agricultural productivity and food security. This review paper highlights innovative practices, including the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT), community-based approaches, and public-private partnerships, which have shown promise in overcoming persistent challenges. The case studies from both developed and developing countries provide insights into successful strategies and their impacts on crop yields, farmer incomes, and nutritional outcomes. This paper also addresses critical challenges facing extension services, including financial constraints, technological barriers, and socio-cultural issues, proposing potential solutions and policy recommendations. By synthesizing current knowledge and identifying future research directions, this review underscores the indispensable role of agricultural extension in achieving global food security goals and emphasizes the need for continued innovation and adaptation in extension practices to meet evolving challenges in the agricultural sector.

PERAN PENYULUH PERTANIAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SAYURAN PADA KELOMPOK TANI NEKMESE DI DESA KESETNANA KECAMATAN MOLLO SELATAN KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN

This study aims to determine the role of agricultural extension agents in increasing vegetable crop production. The next objective is to determine the efforts made by extension agents to increase vegetable crop production and the production problems faced by farmers. The research was conducted in Kesetnana Village, South Mollo District, South Central Timor District. Measurements use an ordinal scale and are quantified with a Likert scale. Analysis of the role of extension agents used quantitative descriptive analysis by comparing the percentage value of achieving the maximum score of the average score with a reference table. Meanwhile, to find out the efforts made by extension workers to increase vegetable crop production and production problems faced by farmers with qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that the average score of the agricultural instructor's role as a facilitator in increasing the production of vegetable farming in the Nekmese Farmer Group averaged 2.31 (77.08%). The average score of the role of agricultural extension as a motivator is 2.52. (84.02%) and the average score of the role of extension workers as educators is 2.48 (82.64%). This shows that the role of agricultural extension workers as motivators and educators in improving vegetable farming in the Nekmese farmer group is classified as "playing a role". While the role of the extension worker as a facilitator is classified as "enough role". Efforts made by extension workers are advocating the use of modern technology, use of fertilizers, introducing farmers to the symptoms of various diseases or pests and what actions should be taken. The problem that is often found in the Nekmese farmer group is the lack of assistance with facilities and infrastructure, the lack of subsidies for fertilizers and also medicines for farmers.

Role of agricultural extension in learning for uptake and intensification of less-practiced dairy climate-smart practices in Kenya

Role of agricultural extension in learning for uptake and intensification of less-practiced dairy climate-smart practices in Kenya

Pemberdayaan Peningkatan Produksi Tembakau Mojo Melalui Kegiatan Penyuluhan Hama dan Penyakit Pada Tanaman Tembakau

Mojo Village is one of the villages located in Padang District, Lumajang Regency. The area of Mojo Village is 5.50 km2. Mojo Village has an altitude of 100-500 meters above sea level. To improve the standard of living and income of the people of Mojo village carry out farming activities. One of them is growing Tobacco. Mojo tobacco is the mainstay tobacco from Lumajang district. However, in this case, many farmers do not understand the problems surrounding tobacco cultivation. From this condition, it stimulates UNEJ KKN students to bridge between the government and tobacco farmers so that they can work together and be organized between sectors. KKN 448 UNEJ tries to explain the role of agricultural extension as an effort to increase understanding of pests and diseases for farmers, making E-books, and also making Associations. The objective to be achieved from the implementation of this program is to increase the knowledge, production and productivity of tobacco farmers so as to support the process of sustainable agricultural development, Then the most important thing is to increase the income and standard of living of tobacco farmers while increasing economic activity in other sectors.

Kemandirian Petani Padi dalam Pengendalian Hama Terpadu di Kecamatan Bendosari Kabupaten Sukoharjo

Rice farmers in Bendosari district have been educated with the integrated pest management program. However, farmers are not implementing an integrated pest management approach based on IPM principles. So far, the application of pesticides is measured roughly, the lack of utilization of natural enemies, the lack of routine observations, and the decision-making based on other farmer. Related to these problems, farmer self-reliance is needed in integrated pest management to increase productivity. This study aims to examine the self-reliance of rice farmers in integrated pest management, examine the factors forming the self-reliance of rice farmers in integrated pest management, and examine the influence of the factors forming self-reliance on the self-reliance of rice farmers in integrated pest management in Bendosari District, Sukoharjo Regency. The primary research method is quantitative. Sampling method using a quota sampling consisting of 64 respondents. Data was analyzed by multiple linear analyses with the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 program. The results showed that there was a significant influence of the forming factors of self-reliance on the rice farmers’s self-reliance in integrated pest management. Influential factors such as the area of farming land, farming experience, the role of agricultural extension, and the role of farmer groups.

Analysis of value chains and added value for the production and marketing of the tomato crop in Salah al-Din Governorate for the year 2021 (Al-Ishaqi - a model)

The study of tracking product flows, showing the stages of value added, determining relationships with other actors in the chain are aimed at identifying the problems and obstacles of the value chain link of tomato crops, calculating the costs and revenues of production and marketing, calculating value added and related indicators. The study was conducted by the governor of Salah al-Din (al-ishaqi-as a model) and the initial data for the study were collected according to a random sample containing samples of actors within the value chain link of tomato crops and used a questionnaire form created specifically for this link. Through the use of quantitative indicators to draw conclusions, which are indicators for analyzing and calculating costs and revenues, the study reached the most important results, the production cycle has achieved an average gross value added (159.156) dinars/kg, according to the conclusion, based on the most important issues and limitations of the production cycle of tomato crops, the total cost of production has reached (1149677) thousand dinars. and the Results the total marketing costs amounted to about (208,712) dinars / dunum, (42,594) dinars / ton and (42,594) dinars/kg, and the marketing costs ranked third in terms of relative importance of the total total costs by (15.4%). The study recommends the need to activate the role of agricultural extension in considering quality conditions and increase farmers ' awareness of the importance of increasing supply over demand.

The Role of Agricultural Extension in the Face of Rural Environmental Menaces Menoufia Governorate

The Role of Agricultural Extension in the Face of Rural Environmental Menaces Menoufia Governorate

Adoption of Improved Cassava Varieties in Uganda: What Does Agricultural Extension Do?

Agricultural production, especially by smallholder farmers, is often hampered byinsufficient knowledge about better farm inputs or farming practices, low adoption toimproved agricultural technologies, or low diffusion of agricultural innovations by theinventing institutions. This paper examines the role of agricultural extension to theadoption of improved cassava varieties in Uganda. We indicate for agricultural extensionusing the farmers’ reported accessibility to agricultural extension from extension workersabout such improved varieties. We use probit with selection equation on data collectedfrom eight (8) districts in Northern Uganda. Our main results indicate a higherprobability of adopting improved cassava varieties when farmers access agriculturalextension services; and also document farmers’ distrust to improved cassava varieties asa crop enterprise that can guarantee their households with food security. From a policyperspective, our results suggest that the design and content of agricultural extensionservices are important to leverage the extent of the adoption of modern agriculturaltechnologies. Specifically, improving the performance of the cassava crop enterpriserequires enhanced investment in diffusing innovations in the enterprise.JEL Classification: O12, O13, O33, Q16

Agricultural Extension's Key Role in Modern Farming: A Review

Agricultural Extension (AE) plays a pivotal role in modern farming, as it is integral in imparting knowledge from research institutions to farmers, thereby increasing productivity and sustainability. This role is becoming increasingly crucial as climate change and fluctuating market dynamics demand agile responses and adaptation from the farming community. The effectiveness of AE lies in its ability to facilitate the transfer of knowledge from research labs to farmlands. Through AE, innovations in farming techniques, crop management practices, and technological advancements reach farmers, even in remote and underserved regions. It examines the role of agricultural extension in modern farming in India, highlighting its significance in communicating scientific research to farmers, facilitating skill development, advising on efficient farming methods, and promoting risk management and resilience. As India faces major challenges such as climate change and food security, the role of agricultural extension becomes increasingly pivotal. The advent of digital technologies, including artificial intelligence and virtual reality, offers novel avenues for extension practices. The deployment of these technologies must be inclusive, addressing issues of digital literacy and access among farmers. Despite the clear advantages, extension services are confronted with significant obstacles, including resource constraints, socio-cultural barriers, and policy issues. Addressing these challenges necessitates innovative approaches and comprehensive reforms. Looking to the future, the agricultural extension will remain central in addressing emerging farming challenges and leveraging opportunities for enhancing agricultural productivity and sustainability in India.

The role of agricultural extension in disseminating the technology of organic farming among greenhouse farmer’s in India

The role of agricultural extension in disseminating the technology of organic farming among greenhouse farmer’s in India

Review on the Role of Agricultural Extension Service on Increasing Farm Productivity in Ethiopia

Improving farm productivity either through introduction of modern technologies or by increasing agricultural extension services is vital. Agricultural extension is the primary mechanism that increases agricultural production. Therefore, reviewing the role of agricultural extension on increasing farm productivity has been interesting issue. Cognizant of this fact, reviewing the role of agricultural extension in increasing farm productivity is an important issue for policy makers in order to improve productivity. Consequently, this seminar was aimed to provide information on the role of agricultural extension in increasing farm productivity and to review agricultural extension constraints in Ethiopia. The review shows that agricultural extension service had positive and significant role on increasing farm productivity by increasing the farmer’s knowhow on agronomic practices such as pest and disease control and adoption of improved seed varieties as well as soil and water conservation technologies. On the other hand, the review reveals that weak interaction; low participation, lack of technical skills, missed use of services, the weak link of research extension, a lack of incentives, and a lack of suitable adaptation to technologies constrain the extension system across the country. Thus, based on the review the following recommendations are forwarded. Extension services should be increase to farmers by the government agents especially by district agriculture development unit, and NGO’s to assist farmers to have easy access to extension so as to increase farm productivity. In addition, to increase the current working conditions of extension agents, including transportation, housing, and proper budget allocation, the government should adopt a very responsible and practical approach.

The Role of Agricultural Extension in Developing the Irrigation Knowledge of Farmers Using the Developed Field Irrigation System in Some Villages of Kafr Elsheikh Governorate

The Role of Agricultural Extension in Developing the Irrigation Knowledge of Farmers Using the Developed Field Irrigation System in Some Villages of Kafr Elsheikh Governorate

Urban Farming Development Strategy to Achieve Sustainable Agriculture in Magelang, Indonesia

The population growth every year causes an increase in land demand. This has led to conversion from agricultural land to non-agricultural land, especially in urban areas where people in rural areas migrate to cities, one of them is Magelang. The agricultural land decrease and impacts less production. The concept of urban farming provides a solution for urban areas to maintain agricultural production by utilizing residents' yard. On the other hand, urban farming practices must still pay attention to agricultural sustainability, so they are maintained in the future. This study aims to determine the priority of urban farming development strategy in Magelang by using criteria in the dimension of sustainability. This study used the Analytical Network Process (ANP) method by involving several expert respondents in conducting the assessment. Based on the analysis results, the sustainability dimension's priority is the social dimension. Meanwhile, the priorities in each economic, ecological, social, technological, and institutional dimensions are income of women farmers group members, land availability, motivation of women farmers group members, cultivation technology, and the role of agricultural extension. Based on the criteria in the dimension of sustainability, the priority of Magelang's urban farming development strategy is integrated agriculture. The results of this study can be used as a reference for further research on the development of urban farming through integrated agriculture.

Contribution of Agricultural Extension to Promotion of Value Addition of Insects for Enhanced of Nutritional Security Among Smallholder Farmers

The study intended to investigate the contribution of agricultural extension on edible insect farming for food and feed nutritional security among smallholder farmers of Siaya County in Kenya. The study aimed at examining the role of agricultural extensions towards value addition of insects among smallholder farmers in the study area. In so doing, the study probed relevant questions to establish the role of agricultural extension in the promotion of insects for food, sought to identify factors determining adoption of insect farming and the role of agricultural extension in the value addition of insects among food and feed industry. The study adopted a descriptive survey design since it allows for collection of large amounts of data from the target population. Both primary and secondary data was collected from the respondents which included small holder farmers, extension service providers and stakeholders in the insect food farming and value addition sectors. A sample size of 210 respondents from a population of 443 were interviewed using questionnaires. Additional data was obtained from intermediary respondents through the use of interview guides. Regression analysis was run to estimate the relationships between value addition as the dependent variable and mechanization of the insect farms, rearing methods, pest and disease management, breeding technologies, marketing, consumption and other forms of utilization, credit acquisition and management and finally climate change and its effects. The general outcome of the analysis indicated that extension service provision had influence on production, rate of adoption and value addition of insects among small holder farmers. The study has generated crucial knowledge to various stakeholders and players in the agricultural sector, key among them being Governments and Non-Governmental agencies promoting new technologies to enhance food and nutritional security. Keywords: contribution of agricultural extension, insect farming for food and feeds, small holder farmer, value addition, adoption, nutrition security DOI: 10.7176/DCS/13-1-04 Publication date: January 31 st 2023

Contribution of Agricultural Extension to Insect Farming for Food and Nutritional Security among Smallholder Farmers in the Kenyan Lake Victoria Basin

The study intended to investigate the contribution of agricultural extension on edible insect farming for food and feed nutritional security among smallholder farmers of Siaya County in Kenya. There was no explicit study on the contribution of agricultural extension on insect farming as evidenced by the existing literature. Specifically, the study aimed at determining the influence of agricultural extension on the production of insects as food and feeds among smallholder farmers in the study area. In so doing, the study probed relevant questions to establish the role of agricultural extension in the promotion of insects for food. The study adopted a descriptive survey design since it allows for collection of large amounts of data from the target population. Both primary and secondary data was collected from the respondents which included small holder farmers, extension service providers and stakeholders in the insect food farming and value addition sectors. A sample size of 210 respondents from a population of 443 were interviewed using questionnaires. The data collected was analysed quantitatively using standard statistical packages to extract various pieces of information namely household characteristics, insect food and feed technology within households, status of food and nutritional security, status of livelihoods and challenges to improvement of food and feed nutritional security and general livelihoods. The general outcome of the analysis indicated that extension service provision had influence on the production of insects among small holder farmers. The study generated crucial knowledge to various stakeholders and players in the agricultural sector, key among them being Governments and Non-Governmental agencies promoting new technologies to enhance food and nutritional security. Keywords: contribution of agricultural extension, insect farming for food and feeds, small holder farmer, value addition, adoption, nutrition security DOI: 10.7176/DCS/13-1-03 Publication date: January 31 st 2023

Challenges facing fishermen in Bardawil lake, north Sinai, Egypt

Bardawil Lake is considered one of the most important and purest Egyptian lakes. However, in recent years, a relative decrease in the quantity and value of production and a qualitative change has been observed in the fish produced by the lake. Hence, this study aimed to identify the most important problems facing the fishermen in Bardawil Lake and their suggestions to overcome them. This study was conducted in North Sinai Governorate, Data were collected using a focus group discussion method with 90.6% of the board's members of fishing associations (58 respondents). in addition, A random sample of 346 fishermen through a personal interview from May to December 2020. The results indicated the high age levels of fishermen (X̅ = 50.44) and the high illiteracy rate among them (58.57%) despite their high experience in the fishing profession, but unfortunately, it was not based on a training background as 69.65% of the respondent fishermen did not receive any training courses. only 13.45% of them depended on the agricultural extension as the main source of technical information, which indicates a clear absence of the agricultural extension role with the fishermen in the lake. The most important obstacles facing the respondent fishermen were the weak income from the fishing profession 89.88%, the weak role of agricultural extension 86.42%, the insufficiency of the role of fishing cooperatives 83.82%, While their most important suggestions were to activate the laws regulating the fishing process 90.17% and to prevent illegal fishing 84.68%. The study recommends developing fish extension and providing it with specialists in the fields of fisheries development to play a more effective role in this field.

Interceding Role of Agricultural Extension Services in Adoption of Climate-Smart Agricultural Technologies in Northern Ghana

As a result of the effect of climate change on food security and rural livelihoods, the promotion and adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices have become very crucial. The role of agricultural extension in the adoption decision process is an important factor. However, extension delivery systems in most developing countries face numerous challenges that raise concerns about their ability to bring about the desired impact on farm households’ decisions. Relying on data from a cross-section of smallholder farmers in Ghana’s northern savanna area, specifically the Tolon district, the study assessed the determinants of farmers’ decision to adopt climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices as well as the intensity of adoption and the role agricultural extension plays in CSA adoption. Using a Poisson regression with endogenous treatment effects model to account for selectivity bias, the study observed that farmers adopt multiple CSA practices, with adoption being influenced by farmer group membership, size of herd and participation in off-farm work. Intensity of adoption, on the other hand, increased with access to agricultural extension, farm credit and input subsidy, but decreased with farm size and participation in off-farm work. Furthermore, an impact assessment indicated that participants in agricultural extension had 1.27 more adoption of CSA practices than they would if they had not participated in agricultural extension. The study concludes that there is a strong association between adoption intensity and access to agricultural support services such as extension, input subsidy and agricultural credit. The interceding role of extension in the adoption of CSA practices calls for more resources to be channeled towards extension service provision as a means to mitigate the effects of climate change and promote sustainable production at the farm level. The positive externalities from CSA adoption will go a long way to protect the environment, promote food security and rural livelihoods.

The role of agricultural extension in the production and marketing of the olive crop in Ismailia Governorate

The role of agricultural extension in the production and marketing of the olive crop in Ismailia Governorate

A review of the land reform beneficiary training in South Africa: The role of agricultural extension

Lack of competent commercial farming skills in emerging farmers is identified as one of the reasons for poor productivity on redistributed commercial farms. To address this shortcoming, the government and non-governmental organisations spend significant amounts of money providing a range of beneficiary training. However, very few objective studies exist that report how these pieces of training occur and how they are performed. This research aims to provide an initial basic understanding of the requirements and loopholes in the land reform beneficiary trainings, paving the way for future studies. The objective was to identify and discuss the role of agricultural extension in administering these beneficiary trainings. These objectives were achieved by critically reviewing the relevant literature, policy documents, and some relevant official statistics. In our synthesis of the literature, we identified key attributes for a competent commercial farmer which are: the need to know how to adopt, regularly, new technology, new production processes, and new marketing arrangements, while continuing to take a calculated risk and have sound business and financial management skills. We then assessed these attributes to all small-scale farmers and land reform beneficiaries and found little theoretical evidence of such. However, some of the beneficiary trainings converge with the key commercial farmer competencies but others were missing. There were significant discrepancies in the beneficiary training expenditure and few details of the service providers and skills supplied.

The Role of Agricultural Extension in Raising Awareness of Environmental Protection Laws in Dakahlia Governorate

The Role of Agricultural Extension in Raising Awareness of Environmental Protection Laws in Dakahlia Governorate