Agricultural Extension Activities Research Articles

MODAL SOSIAL PENYULUH: PERAN KEPERCAYAAN DALAM KEGIATAN PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN DI KOTA KENDARI

The objective of this study was to ascertain the extent of social capital among extension workers in Kendari City, with a particular focus on the role of trust in the implementation of effective agricultural extension activities. The study population consisted of all agricultural extension workers in Kendari City, numbering 63 individuals. The research sample was selected using the census technique, which involves taking the entire population, resulting in a sample size of 63 respondents. The data were collected via survey, interview, and document analysis techniques, employing a variety of media formats, including questionnaires. The research variables concentrated on the social capital of extension workers, specifically in the context of trust in agricultural extension activities. This research employs a quantitative methodology. The data were analyzed using a quantitative descriptive approach. This method employs mathematical and statistical calculations for testing, measurement, and hypothesis testing. The findings indicated that the social capital of the extension workers in Kendari City, specifically their trust in agricultural extension activities, has been effectively implemented. Trust in agricultural extension activities is a crucial element in the success of extension work. The relationship between extension workers and farmers plays a pivotal role in this process. By fostering effective communication and mutual respect, trust can be established, which in turn will encourage the adoption of more effective and sustainable agricultural practices.

METODE PENYULUHAN KELOMPOK DALAM BUDIDAYA PADI SAWAH DI DESA LEBO JAYA KECAMATAN KONDA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN

The implementation of extension activities is confronted with a multitude of challenges and difficulties. It is therefore imperative for extension workers to possess a comprehensive understanding of the most appropriate and productive extension methods in the context of agricultural extension activities. The objective of this study was to ascertain the efficacy of group extension methods in paddy rice cultivation and to elucidate the relationship between the two. The study population consisted of all rice paddy farmers in Lebo Jaya Village, Konda Subdistrict, with a total of 104 farmers. The sample size was determined using the Slovin formula, with a degree of error or margin of error of 15%, resulting in a research sample of 31 respondents. The sampling technique employed was simple random sampling. The data were collected via survey, interview, and document analysis, using various media in the form of questionnaires. The research employed a quantitative approach. The research variables were twofold, comprising group extension methods and paddy rice cultivation activities. The data were subjected to quantitative descriptive analysis, employing the class interval formula and the Spearman rank correlation equation. The findings indicated that the implementation of group extension methods in paddy rice cultivation in Lebo Jaya Village was classified as "good." The aforementioned activities, which pertain to paddy rice cultivation specifically, land preparation, seed selection, irrigation, fertilization, pest and disease control have been classified as "good." The level of application of group counseling methods is found to be significantly and positively related to the cultivation of wet rice in Lebo Jaya Village. The correlation value is 0.542, and the significance of 0.002 is less than 0.05. The strength of the relationship between group extension methods and paddy rice cultivation activities is moderately strong. This indicates that an improvement in the method of agricultural counseling will result in an improvement in rice paddy farming activities in Lebo Jaya Village, Konda Subdistrict, South Konawe District.

TINGKAT KEPUASAN PETANI PADA KINERJA PENYULUH DALAM MELAKSANAKAN PROGRAM PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN DI DESA PARIS KECAMATAN MOOTILANGO

The study aimed to determine the level of farmer satisfaction with the agricultural extension program in extension program in Paris Village. This research was conducted in Paris Village, Mootilango Subdistrict using a survey research type with information collection techniques carried out using a list of questions compiled in a questionnaire. This study had a sample of 39 respondents who used the Important Performance Analysis (IPA) analysis technique. Based on the results of this analysis, it is found that the performance of agricultural extension workers is good in carrying out extension activities on time and carrying out tasks according to their needs. Agricultural extension workers have good insight and communication skills so that farmers in Paris Village quickly understand the delivery provided by agricultural extension workers and extension workers can provide solutions to solving problems and work together in practicing farming activities, comply with each other in the agricultural system, have many ideas and offer innovations in guiding agricultural extension activities.

Rationality of soybean farmers: the findings from rainfed field agroecosystems

Purpose. This research aims to examine the factors that influence the rationality and income of soybean farmers, especially in rain fed field agroecosystems. Methodology / approach. The research was designed quantitatively with a type of survey on 263 soybean farmers from a total population of 768 farmers spread across Jatiwaras and Pancatengah subdistricts, Tasikmalaya Regency, which is one of the centres for soybean development in West Java, Indonesia. The determination of the farmer sample was carried out proportionally randomly using the Slovin formula with an error rate of 5 %. The data analysed is primary data obtained directly from farmers using a questionnaire with a Likert scale consisting of 5 answer choices. The analytical tool used is Structural Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS to determine the influence between variables. Results. The research results show that: (1) Farmer characteristics have a significant positive relationship with farmer motivation. These characteristics are a strong driving force to increase their motivation in soybean farming to be even better in an effort to increase their income; (2) Farmer characteristics have a significant positive effect on farmer rationality. The older the age, the higher the education, and the greater the burden of responsibility borne by the farmers’ family, the more rational they consider soybean cultivation to be, which means that they will be more cautious in growing soybeans to minimise the risk of losses they may incur; (3) Farmer motivation has a significant positive effect on farmer rationality. The stronger farmers’ motivation in soybeans farming, the more rational it makes them in thinking about farming as well as possible; (4) Farmer rationality has a significant positive effect on income. The more rational the thinking of farmers in soybean farming, in the sense that they can effectively use social networks, efficiently grow soybeans and adopt technology, the more they can increase production, which ultimately increases income. Originality / scientific novelty. This study focuses more on the rationality of smallholder farmers in Indonesia, who have many structural disadvantages, such as limited land ownership, average age of farmers, low education level and many family responsibilities, which are constraints to soybean farming; how smallholder farmers are related to motivation in soybean farming and whether this farmers’ rationality can increase their income, while several previous studies only discussed farmers’ rationality without considering socioeconomic factors, especially smallholder farmers. Practical value / implications. This research provides evidence that there is a relationship between farmer characteristics and motivation which has a significant effect on farmer rationality so that in the end it can increase income. The results of this research have implications for government policies in efforts to increase farmers’ income by increasing their capacity through intensive and sustainable agricultural extension activities. The existence of more intensive and sustainable agricultural extension activities can increase the knowledge and insight of small farmers in soybean farming, which in turn can motivate farmers to think and act more rationally so that they can better optimise all the resources they have.

HUBUNGAN KEPUASAN PETANI JAGUNG ERHADAP KINERJA PENYULUH PERTANIAN DI DESA MOROME KECAMAAN KONDA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN

The phenomenon of corn farmer satisfaction is still an important indicator for extension workers. In this case, the performance of extension workers is a point that can determine farmer satisfaction based on the problems faced by farmers so that solutions and innovations by extension workers can be delivered with the main objective of farmers' needs. This research aims to determine the satisfaction of corn farmers and the performance of extension workers in Morome Village, Konda District, South Konawe Regency, and to see the relationship. The population in this study were all corn farmers in Morome Village, Konda District. Considering that the population is only 30 Corn Farmers, it is appropriate to take all of them as samples without having to take a certain number of samples (saturated sample method/census). Data collection techniques in this research were observation, interviews and documentation. The instrument used was a questionnaire. Type of quantitative research. The data analysis used to determine the satisfaction of corn farmers and the performance of agricultural instructors is using the class interval formula, while the data analysis used to determine the relationship between corn farmer satisfaction and the performance of agricultural instructors is using the Spearman rank correlation formula. The results of this research show that general farmer satisfaction in Morome Village is in the high category. This can be seen from the aspects of quality, service and value which are in the high category, then the performance of agricultural instructors in Morome Village is generally in the high category too. This can be seen from the aspects of extension planning, implementation of extension, evaluation and reporting which are in the high category. Farmer satisfaction has a positive and very close relationship with the performance of instructors in agricultural extension activities in Morome Village. Where when farmer satisfaction increases, the performance of extension workers also increases and vice versa.

ANALISIS MUTU PELAYANAN PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN DAN KEPUASAN PETANI PADI SAWAH DALAM KEGIATAN PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN DI KELURAHAN BARUGA KECAMATAN BARUGA KOTA KENDARI

The quality of extension services is expected to generate satisfaction for farmers, which will then be useful in efforts to increase the capacity and quality of individual farmers. This study aims to assess the level of quality of extension services and farmer satisfaction in agricultural extension activities in Baruga Sub-district. The population of this study were all wet-rice farmers in Baruga Sub-district, which amounted to 287 people. The research sample was determined using the Slovin formula with an error rate of 10%, resulting in a sample size of 34 farmers. This research employed a quantitative approach. Data were collected through surveys, interviews, and document review, with the assistance of questionnaires. Quantitative descriptive analysis was used to process the data. The findings indicated that the quality of agricultural extension services in farming development activities in Baruga Village was generally rated as good or high. This can be observed in each indicator, namely tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, which have been executed optimally. Furthermore, the satisfaction of farmers with regard to agricultural extension activities in the development of farming in Baruga Village is evident. This is demonstrated by the positive response (satisfaction) of farmers to the actions of extension workers, which begins with the activities of extension service visits and extends to the satisfaction with the material presented, the ability to identify potential, and the satisfaction with the ability of extension workers to identify problems.

Farmers’ Group Coaching and Agricultural Extension Regarding Soil and Water Conservation in Nagari Cupak, West Sumatra

Nagari Cupak is a sub-district in Solok Regency with a big rice field that can be developed to increase farmers’ wealth. The development of rice field potential in Nagari Cupak can be conducted with agricultural extension to farmers. One of the outreach topics that can deliver to farmers is the importance of the efficient functioning of farmer groups (as a learning class, as production units, and as a place to cooperate). In this situation, the topic regarding conserving water and soil in rice fields for efficient rice production in Nagari Cupak is another one that may be discussed with farmers. The agricultural extension was carried out in Jorong Panyalai, Nagari Cupak, Gunung Talang District, on Thursday, 10 August 2023. The method used in community service is the lecture method. Furthermore, it continued with a question-and-answer session. The object of this community service is to join farmer groups in Nagari Cupak, which consists of 18 farmer groups. These activities showed that the farmers did not optimise the group’s function because they only used it as a gathering place. Farmer groups also shared the issues they frequently encountered, and solutions were offered. In addition, agricultural extension activities were continued with practice regarding soil and water conservation on land provided by the Nagari Cupak Government. The farmers’ persistence can be seen in their enthusiasm for this extension activity until the end of the extension. In order to enable farmers to practice soil and water conservation on their own, they also requested that Extension Officers continue to support them.

Penyuluhan Pertanian dan Kesetaraan Gender dalam Usahatani Jagung Pertanian Lahan Kering di Kecamatan Jerowaru Lombok Timur

Rural women participate in implementing food crop farming activities both in paddy fields and dry land. This participation should be followed by women's participation in agricultural extension activities and the realization of gender equality in farming. This research is aimed at analyzing the level of gender equality in corn farming in dry land farming and the agricultural extension factors that influence it. The research location is in Jerowaru District with the sample villages being Seriwe Village (hill land) and Sekaroh Village (moor land). Data was collected using survey techniques by conducting interviews with 60 respondents. Data were analyzed descriptively using scoring, Mann-Whitney difference test and Rank Spearman correlation analysis test. The research results found that the level of gender equality in corn farming is relatively high and is influenced by agricultural extension support factors. Thus, strengthening the implementation of gender responsive extension needs to be improved to realize equality in access and control of resources, women's participation in corn farming and obtaining benefits.

미군정기 농사교도국(農事敎導局) 신설과 해체 과정

This study explores establishment and disbandment of The Agricultural Extension Service In USArmy Military Government in South Korea and reviews Political and social meaning. To do so, we analyzed the US Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK) documents and memorandum of South Korean agricultural officials, including the U.S. military's response to agricultural issues, discussions on the establishment of the Agricultural Extension Service and activities. A comparative study was also conducted with the agricultural policies of the Syngman Rhee regime to identify the characteristics of the Agricultural Improvement Service and the Agricultural Extension Service that USArmy Military Government established. The results of this study are as follows. First, The process of creation of the Agricultural Extension Service was a manifestation of new values that countered coloniality. But We can also see the reaction of countering the tendency. Second, the newly created agricultural experiment organization achieved a qualitative strengthening of rural leaders along with a quantitative strengthening, including the expansion of rural leaders, which laid the foundation for the achievements of the Agricultural Extension Service. Third, the establishment of Syngman Rhee's regime brought about a major change in the perspective and operation of agricultural extension, which led to the atrophy and disappearance of the Agricultural Extension Service and the emergence of the legacy of colonial agriculture into the mainstream of Korean agricultural administration. The creation and activities of the Agricultural Extension Service were process of the spread of American values that emphasized procedural democracy. Not only that, The establishment of The Agricultural Extension Service was in line with the Cold War goals of the United States. It was therefore likely to be promoted by the USArmy Military Government’s rural stabilization policy. But this was qualitatively different from colonial agrarianism in that modern values based on democracy were spread to rural society.

A STUDY ON CONTRIBUTION OF PANCHAYATI RAJ INSTITUTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN HANUMANGARH DISTRICT

The study focuses on the contribution of Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs) to agricultural infrastructure development in Hanumangarh District, Rajasthan, over the period from 2013 to 2023. It highlights the proactive role of PRIs in key infrastructure projects such as irrigation schemes, rural roads, storage improvements, and agricultural extension activities (like fairs), which can boost agricultural productivity while promoting sustainable rural development. Based on secondary data, the research identifies a positive relationship between increased infrastructure projects and agricultural productivity, measured in quintals per hectare. It also examines the challenges PRIs face in implementing these projects and identifies critical success factors. The findings suggest that PRIs are actively working to address rural infrastructure gaps and are driving economic growth in the district's agrarian economy. Policy recommendations are made to further strengthen PRI involvement in agricultural infrastructure development.

Peran Penyuluh Pertanian Dalam Penanggulangan Hama Penyakit Pada Bawang Merah (Allium Cepa L) Di Kampung Arsopura Distrik Skanto Kabupaten Keerom

The agricultural sector is a strategic sector in national development. The increase in production has been given by agricultural extension activities. The agricultural instructor must be someone who is competent in the field of agriculture and can communicate effectively and be responsive in dealing with every problem and question quetioned by farmers. The centers for shallot production in Papua Province are Kerom, Merauke, Tolikara and Jayawijaya Regencies. Shallot farming is always faced with risks. in the form of a decrease in production due to unpredictable weather factors and attacks by pests and diseases (such as wilt disease). To overcome the problems above, an agricultural instructor is needed who can help farmers in diagnosing pests and diseases of shallot plants. The research aims to determine the role of agricultural instructors for shallot farmers in controlling plant pests. This research was carried out in Arsopura village, Skanto District, Keerom Regency for 6 months from August 2022 to February 2023. This research used the Arithmetic Mean analysis method with average assessment criteria of 1.00-1.66 with categories of No Role, 1.67- 2.33. There were 60 questions asked by the resource person for each indicator, with 17 facilitator indicator questions, 15 motivator questions, 14 educator questions and 15 communicator questions. The results of the research show that agricultural extension workers play a role in controlling pests and diseases in shallot plants. The scores obtained for the facilitator indicator were 2.69, motivator 2.69, educator 2.34, and communicator 2.44, each in the Role category. Agricultural instructors play a very important role and always provide new technologies to increase shallot production, in Arsopura Village, Skanto District, Keerom Regency.

Assessment of agricultural extension program planning on innovation dissemination in cattle farmers in transmigration area, Dharmasraya Regency, Sumatra Barat

The most important aspect of an agricultural extension programme is planning. The Extension Officers establish the program’s goal in this step. The study aimed to assess the farm extension program planning and measure the adoption rate of innovation among cattle farmers in the transmigration area in Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The survey method was used in this study. The respondents were sixty cattle farmers determined purposively chosen from five farmer groups presenting the transmigration area and has been attended to intensive agricultural extension. The data was collected with a questionnaire, analysed using descriptive statistics, and then presented in percentages. The result showed the program planning was implemented on preliminary data collecting (98.33%), existing condition analysis (85.83%), problems identification (52.50%), goals formalisation (70.83%), planning formations (98.33%), planning execution or agricultural extension activities (98.33%), evaluation of program progress (70.00%), and reconsideration (72.50%). The adoption rate of innovation showed adoption speed at 137-point, innovation spread in society at 129-point, and adoption quality at 167-point. It concluded that the agricultural extension program planning was implemented well, except for the problem identification phase. The adoption rate of innovation was categorised as good for cattle farmers in the transmigration area in Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia.

Animal source food consumption practice and factors associated among infant and young children from selected rural districts in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

Children are recommended to consume animal source foods (ASF) as part of diversified diets. However, ASF consumption practice of infant and young children (IYC) is less studied and contributing factors are not exhaustively identified. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess consumption of ASF and identify associated factors among 6-23 months old IYC from selected rural districts in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 606 IYC from selected rural districts of Oromia and Sidama regional states in Ethiopia. A two-stage sampling technique was used to select participants. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Frequencies, percentages and mean scores with standard deviations were generated to describe participants and report univariate outcomes. Consumption of ASF was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify contributing factors contributed to IYC's ASF consumption practice. Dairy, eggs and meat were consumed by 41.2%, 16.4% and 2.3% of IYC, respectively. Household food security increased odds of dairy [AOR = 1.66 (95%CI: 1.16 2.38), P = 0.006], eggs [AOR = 2.15 (95%CI: 1.33, 3.49), P = 0.002] and meat [AOR = 5.08 (95%CI: 1.09, 23.71), P = 0.039] consumption. Cow [AOR = 1.86 (95%CI: 1.28, 2.70), P = 0.001], donkey [AOR = 1.83 (95%CI: 1.08, 3.11), P = 0.024] and chicken [AOR = 1.53 (95%CI: 1.05, 2.22), P = 0.027] ownership increased the odds of dairy consumption. Grades 5-8 [AOR = 1.74 (95%CI: 1.06, 2.86), P = 0.028] or ≥9 [AOR = 2.96 (95%CI: 1.62, 5.42), P <0.001] maternal educational achievements were also associated with better dairy consumption. Children from households that owned chicken [AOR = 3.20 (95%CI: 1.97, 5.19), P <0.001] or produce root crops [AOR = 1.67 (95%CI: 1.05, 2.66), P = 0.031] were with increased odds to consume eggs. Low proportion of children consumed ASF. Household food security, livestock ownership, household income, root crop production and maternal education contributed to ASF consumption. Nutrition sensitive agricultural extension activities aided by nutrition education should be considered and evaluated for their effect on IYC's ASF consumption practice.

Persepsi Penyuluh Pertanian terhadap Implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 di Kabupaten Lampung Timur

Law Number 23 of 2014 resulted in the management of fisheries extension agents being withdrawn to the center and forestry extension workers managing it by the provinces together with the center. This has reduced the number of agricultural extension workers in East Lampung Regency, so that it is increasingly difficult to fulfill the target of implementing one village one extension agricultural extension worker. The next implication is that the range of extension services has expanded with a total of 264 villages and a total of 6,233 farmer groups served only by 112 agricultural extension workers. Another problem is the agricultural extension policy under the local government which results in the implementation and management of agricultural extension activities encountering many obstacles. This research was conducted in East Lampung Regency. Data collection was carried out in November-December 2022. Respondents were 88 agricultural extension workers on duty in East Lampung Regency. This study used a survey method with a quantitative descriptive approach. The results showed that the perceptions of agricultural extension workers regarding the implementation of Law Number 23 of 2014 in East Lampung Regency were not good.

DISEMINASI PEMANFAATAN ECENG GONDOK (EICHORNIA CRASSIPES) MENJADI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI PERTANIAN DAN PERAIRAN BERKELANJUTAN

The purpose of this service program is to provide information and empower the community through dissemination in the form of environmentally friendly agricultural technology extension activities in the hope of increasing food crop production in a sustainable manner. Lampulung Village is one of the villages that has the potential for extensive agricultural land, but the community still dominantly uses chemical fertilizers which have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, we took the initiative to carry out this counseling activity because Lampulung Village has a very abundant water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) population. The potential of water hyacinth as an environmentally friendly liquid fertilizer has a nutrient content that is more easily absorbed by plants, and the manufacturing process can be made in a relatively short time at a relatively low cost. The method used in this service is counseling. Where this activity is carried out through 3 stages, namely the preparation stage, the extension implementation stage, and the evaluation stage. The results of this community service are that the community increasingly understands the importance of preserving the aquatic environment, one of which is through the use of water hyacinth as a liquid organic fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizers, so as to realize sustainable agriculture.

COSMOPOLITAN COMMUNICATION BEHAVIOR AMONG AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORKERS IN THE USE OF INFORMATION MEDIA IN THE DIGITAL ERA AT CIANJUR DISTRICT

The digital era has fundamentally brought changes to various agricultural extension activities in carrying out communication activities. As is well known, extension agents as communication managers who serve as development agents are required and actively seeking information. The process seeking extension agent information is related to the media used and the cosmopolitan of the extension agents in dealing with information sources outside the village. This paper that the result of research that aims to describe the cosmopolite communication behavior of agricultural instructors and analyze the factors related to the cosmopolitan communication behavior of agricultural instructors in the digital era. The research location is in Cianjur District North Region, West Java. The research method used was a survey with a purposive sampling method of 5 UPTDs located in the North Region, obtained a sample of 80 extension workers. Data collection used questionnaires as primary data and in-depth interviews with related agencies as secondary data. The score calculation uses by analyzing the data to measure the level of cosmopolite communication behavior of the extension agents and the factors related to the cosmopolitan communication behavior of the extension agents. The results showed that the cosmopolite communication behavior of the extension agents in seeking information outside the village was still moderate. Then, age and years of service negatively correlated with the cosmopolitan communication behavior of the extension agents. It proves that the longer the extension worker works and the older the extension worker is, it does not indicate a cosmopolitan position of the extension agent in seeking information outside the village. Print media and electronic media are still the means of extension agents seeking information through the media, which is indicated by the research results that the accessibility of print and electronic media that positively correlated with the instructor's cosmopolite communication.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords : Communication Behaviour, Agricultural Extension, Digital Era

BENTUK DAN TINGKAT PARTISIPASI PETANI PADI SAWAH DALAM KEGIATAN PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN DI KELURAHAN BARUGA KECAMATAN BARUGA

This study aims to determine the form of extension activities, the form and level of participation of wet-rice farmers in agricultural extension activities in Baruga Village. The research sample was 23 rice paddy farmers who were randomly selected from all 286 rice paddy farmers. Data were collected using interview and survey techniques. Data were analyzed qualitatively descriptively. The results showed that the extension activities of paddy rice farming were conducted in the form of integrated pest and disease control extension, balanced fertilization techniques according to site specifications, how to make organic fertilizer, tillage techniques, and crop rotation techniques in paddy fields. Forms of participation of wet-rice farmers in agricultural extension activities in the form of participation of ideas, social, and property. The level of participation of wet-rice farmers in agricultural extension activities is at the tokenism level. Because farmers have not been actively involved in the implementation of extension activities, especially in the preparation and evaluation stages of extension activities.

The Significance of Agricultural Extension Activities for Wetland Rice Farmers in Serang, Indonesia

In the context of Serang, Indonesia, agricultural extension activities have recently faced challenges related to reduced participation, as observed by the majority of agricultural extension officers. This reduced participation manifests through the limited attendance of farmers in meetings, the passive engagement of farmers and their respective groups in facilitating extension activities, and the generally muted response to agricultural technology content presented during these sessions. Conversely, fostering greater participation in agricultural extension activities can be achieved through coordinated efforts with supportive assistance or the provision of incentives. This study aims to assess the significance of agricultural extension activities for wetland rice farmers in Serang, Indonesia. It adopts a qualitative research approach, focusing on the phenomenology of extension activities within the realm of rice farming in Serang. Data analysis for this study employs Husserl's transcendental phenomenology data analysis method, which is incorporated within the interactive model data analysis framework. The information pertaining to the experiences of agricultural extension activities, as recounted by the informants (farmers), was extracted by identifying specific statements made by the farmer informants during interviews. A total of 133 individual verbatim statements provided by informants were systematically categorized. Three overarching themes, or units of meaning, emerged from this categorization, revealing the essence of agricultural extension activities and the informants' perceptions. These themes are as follows: Extension as a Source of Information, Extension as a Source of Technology, and Extension as a Source of Assistance. They encapsulate the texture and structure of the farmers' experiences with rice farming extension activities. The textural description highlights aspects closely linked to the transmission of information, technology, government initiatives, and assistance delivery. The structural aspect examines the meaning of extension activities within the economic, learning, and participation contexts of the participants. Subsequently, the combined meaning and essence of the rice farming extension experiences for each farmer informant are synthesized, collectively painting a comprehensive picture of their experiences. These experiences extend beyond the acquisition of agricultural knowledge and technology; they also encompass the provision of much-needed assistance for farmers to effectively adopt and implement these innovations.

SIKAP DAN PARTISIPASI PETANI DALAM KEGIATAN PENYULUHAN PADI SAWAH DI KELURAHAN LABIBIA KOTA KENDARI

Agricultural extension has been instrumental in developing agriculture by enhancing the quality of agricultural human resources. This study was conducted on 112 rice paddy farmers in the village of Labibia in December 2022, using simple random sampling. The research sample consisted of 28 farmers from Labibia village. This study examines the variables of extension agents' attitudes, including extension methods, techniques, materials, and media, as well as farmers' participation in activity planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. The logical structure and causal connections between statements are maintained, and the text is free from grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and punctuation errors. This study examines the variables of extension agents' attitudes, including extension methods, techniques, materials, and media, as well as farmers' participation in activity planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. The text adheres to conventional structure and formatting, including consistent citation and footnote style. No changes in content were made. The data analysis utilized descriptive and rank Spearman correlation analyses. The language used is clear, concise, and objective, with a formal register and precise word choice. The study revealed that farmers in the village of Labibia rated the implementation of agricultural extension activities as 'medium' across four indicators: extension methods, techniques, materials, and media used by extension workers. This means that the implementation of extension activities still needs improvement in four indicators to ensure that farmers can fully benefit from the extension process. In Labibia village, farmers' participation in agricultural extension activities falls under the medium category. The three indicators are activity planning, activity implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of agricultural extension activities. In implementing extension activities, it is necessary to ensure participation between farmers and agricultural extension workers to achieve the planned goal of farmer independence. The attitude and participation of farmers in agricultural extension activities have a strong, unidirectional relationship. This means that the higher the farmers' attitude, the higher their participation in extension activities.

Content Analysis Of The Desa Apps Application As A New Media In Agricultural Extension

Agricultural extension is a non-formal education process for farmers to change their knowledge, attitudes and skills to improve farmer family's welfare. Agricultural extension media is used by extension worker to deliver information. Extension media get more modern along with the development of technology. One of the new media that can support agricultural extension is called as Desa Apps. The method used in this research is content analysis. Data is verified by using triangulation of source and researcher. The aims of this research are (1) identifying the features contained in the Desa Apps application as a new media in agricultural extension and (2) analyzing the kind of information, interactions and transactions, that are contained in Desa Apps as a new media in agricultural extension. This research is conducted towards the 'article' menu as a source of information, 'question and answer' menu as an interaction media and 'market' menu as a medium of marketing in the Desa Apps. The results show that Desa Apps as a new media have information features on the article menu based on facts, attractiveness toward readers, usefulness for readers, completeness of article content, description of problems and grammar and fairness for differences in views. The interaction feature on the question and answer menu has fulfilled the indicators of extension worker's role as motivators, innovators and communicators. The market menu in Desa Apps are measured with marketplace components. The result of the study suggests that Desa Apps is feasible as a new media in agricultural extension because it has three features that support agricultural extension activities.