Agricultural Extension Activities Research Articles

Peran Penyuluh Pertanian Dalam Penanggulangan Hama Penyakit Pada Bawang Merah (Allium Cepa L) Di Kampung Arsopura Distrik Skanto Kabupaten Keerom

The agricultural sector is a strategic sector in national development. The increase in production has been given by agricultural extension activities. The agricultural instructor must be someone who is competent in the field of agriculture and can communicate effectively and be responsive in dealing with every problem and question quetioned by farmers. The centers for shallot production in Papua Province are Kerom, Merauke, Tolikara and Jayawijaya Regencies. Shallot farming is always faced with risks. in the form of a decrease in production due to unpredictable weather factors and attacks by pests and diseases (such as wilt disease). To overcome the problems above, an agricultural instructor is needed who can help farmers in diagnosing pests and diseases of shallot plants. The research aims to determine the role of agricultural instructors for shallot farmers in controlling plant pests. This research was carried out in Arsopura village, Skanto District, Keerom Regency for 6 months from August 2022 to February 2023. This research used the Arithmetic Mean analysis method with average assessment criteria of 1.00-1.66 with categories of No Role, 1.67- 2.33. There were 60 questions asked by the resource person for each indicator, with 17 facilitator indicator questions, 15 motivator questions, 14 educator questions and 15 communicator questions. The results of the research show that agricultural extension workers play a role in controlling pests and diseases in shallot plants. The scores obtained for the facilitator indicator were 2.69, motivator 2.69, educator 2.34, and communicator 2.44, each in the Role category. Agricultural instructors play a very important role and always provide new technologies to increase shallot production, in Arsopura Village, Skanto District, Keerom Regency.

Assessment of agricultural extension program planning on innovation dissemination in cattle farmers in transmigration area, Dharmasraya Regency, Sumatra Barat

The most important aspect of an agricultural extension programme is planning. The Extension Officers establish the program’s goal in this step. The study aimed to assess the farm extension program planning and measure the adoption rate of innovation among cattle farmers in the transmigration area in Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The survey method was used in this study. The respondents were sixty cattle farmers determined purposively chosen from five farmer groups presenting the transmigration area and has been attended to intensive agricultural extension. The data was collected with a questionnaire, analysed using descriptive statistics, and then presented in percentages. The result showed the program planning was implemented on preliminary data collecting (98.33%), existing condition analysis (85.83%), problems identification (52.50%), goals formalisation (70.83%), planning formations (98.33%), planning execution or agricultural extension activities (98.33%), evaluation of program progress (70.00%), and reconsideration (72.50%). The adoption rate of innovation showed adoption speed at 137-point, innovation spread in society at 129-point, and adoption quality at 167-point. It concluded that the agricultural extension program planning was implemented well, except for the problem identification phase. The adoption rate of innovation was categorised as good for cattle farmers in the transmigration area in Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia.

Persepsi Penyuluh Pertanian terhadap Implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 di Kabupaten Lampung Timur

Law Number 23 of 2014 resulted in the management of fisheries extension agents being withdrawn to the center and forestry extension workers managing it by the provinces together with the center. This has reduced the number of agricultural extension workers in East Lampung Regency, so that it is increasingly difficult to fulfill the target of implementing one village one extension agricultural extension worker. The next implication is that the range of extension services has expanded with a total of 264 villages and a total of 6,233 farmer groups served only by 112 agricultural extension workers. Another problem is the agricultural extension policy under the local government which results in the implementation and management of agricultural extension activities encountering many obstacles. This research was conducted in East Lampung Regency. Data collection was carried out in November-December 2022. Respondents were 88 agricultural extension workers on duty in East Lampung Regency. This study used a survey method with a quantitative descriptive approach. The results showed that the perceptions of agricultural extension workers regarding the implementation of Law Number 23 of 2014 in East Lampung Regency were not good.

DISEMINASI PEMANFAATAN ECENG GONDOK (EICHORNIA CRASSIPES) MENJADI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI PERTANIAN DAN PERAIRAN BERKELANJUTAN

The purpose of this service program is to provide information and empower the community through dissemination in the form of environmentally friendly agricultural technology extension activities in the hope of increasing food crop production in a sustainable manner. Lampulung Village is one of the villages that has the potential for extensive agricultural land, but the community still dominantly uses chemical fertilizers which have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, we took the initiative to carry out this counseling activity because Lampulung Village has a very abundant water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) population. The potential of water hyacinth as an environmentally friendly liquid fertilizer has a nutrient content that is more easily absorbed by plants, and the manufacturing process can be made in a relatively short time at a relatively low cost. The method used in this service is counseling. Where this activity is carried out through 3 stages, namely the preparation stage, the extension implementation stage, and the evaluation stage. The results of this community service are that the community increasingly understands the importance of preserving the aquatic environment, one of which is through the use of water hyacinth as a liquid organic fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizers, so as to realize sustainable agriculture.

COSMOPOLITAN COMMUNICATION BEHAVIOR AMONG AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORKERS IN THE USE OF INFORMATION MEDIA IN THE DIGITAL ERA AT CIANJUR DISTRICT

The digital era has fundamentally brought changes to various agricultural extension activities in carrying out communication activities. As is well known, extension agents as communication managers who serve as development agents are required and actively seeking information. The process seeking extension agent information is related to the media used and the cosmopolitan of the extension agents in dealing with information sources outside the village. This paper that the result of research that aims to describe the cosmopolite communication behavior of agricultural instructors and analyze the factors related to the cosmopolitan communication behavior of agricultural instructors in the digital era. The research location is in Cianjur District North Region, West Java. The research method used was a survey with a purposive sampling method of 5 UPTDs located in the North Region, obtained a sample of 80 extension workers. Data collection used questionnaires as primary data and in-depth interviews with related agencies as secondary data. The score calculation uses by analyzing the data to measure the level of cosmopolite communication behavior of the extension agents and the factors related to the cosmopolitan communication behavior of the extension agents. The results showed that the cosmopolite communication behavior of the extension agents in seeking information outside the village was still moderate. Then, age and years of service negatively correlated with the cosmopolitan communication behavior of the extension agents. It proves that the longer the extension worker works and the older the extension worker is, it does not indicate a cosmopolitan position of the extension agent in seeking information outside the village. Print media and electronic media are still the means of extension agents seeking information through the media, which is indicated by the research results that the accessibility of print and electronic media that positively correlated with the instructor's cosmopolite communication.
 
 Keywords : Communication Behaviour, Agricultural Extension, Digital Era

BENTUK DAN TINGKAT PARTISIPASI PETANI PADI SAWAH DALAM KEGIATAN PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN DI KELURAHAN BARUGA KECAMATAN BARUGA

This study aims to determine the form of extension activities, the form and level of participation of wet-rice farmers in agricultural extension activities in Baruga Village. The research sample was 23 rice paddy farmers who were randomly selected from all 286 rice paddy farmers. Data were collected using interview and survey techniques. Data were analyzed qualitatively descriptively. The results showed that the extension activities of paddy rice farming were conducted in the form of integrated pest and disease control extension, balanced fertilization techniques according to site specifications, how to make organic fertilizer, tillage techniques, and crop rotation techniques in paddy fields. Forms of participation of wet-rice farmers in agricultural extension activities in the form of participation of ideas, social, and property. The level of participation of wet-rice farmers in agricultural extension activities is at the tokenism level. Because farmers have not been actively involved in the implementation of extension activities, especially in the preparation and evaluation stages of extension activities.

The Significance of Agricultural Extension Activities for Wetland Rice Farmers in Serang, Indonesia

In the context of Serang, Indonesia, agricultural extension activities have recently faced challenges related to reduced participation, as observed by the majority of agricultural extension officers. This reduced participation manifests through the limited attendance of farmers in meetings, the passive engagement of farmers and their respective groups in facilitating extension activities, and the generally muted response to agricultural technology content presented during these sessions. Conversely, fostering greater participation in agricultural extension activities can be achieved through coordinated efforts with supportive assistance or the provision of incentives. This study aims to assess the significance of agricultural extension activities for wetland rice farmers in Serang, Indonesia. It adopts a qualitative research approach, focusing on the phenomenology of extension activities within the realm of rice farming in Serang. Data analysis for this study employs Husserl's transcendental phenomenology data analysis method, which is incorporated within the interactive model data analysis framework. The information pertaining to the experiences of agricultural extension activities, as recounted by the informants (farmers), was extracted by identifying specific statements made by the farmer informants during interviews. A total of 133 individual verbatim statements provided by informants were systematically categorized. Three overarching themes, or units of meaning, emerged from this categorization, revealing the essence of agricultural extension activities and the informants' perceptions. These themes are as follows: Extension as a Source of Information, Extension as a Source of Technology, and Extension as a Source of Assistance. They encapsulate the texture and structure of the farmers' experiences with rice farming extension activities. The textural description highlights aspects closely linked to the transmission of information, technology, government initiatives, and assistance delivery. The structural aspect examines the meaning of extension activities within the economic, learning, and participation contexts of the participants. Subsequently, the combined meaning and essence of the rice farming extension experiences for each farmer informant are synthesized, collectively painting a comprehensive picture of their experiences. These experiences extend beyond the acquisition of agricultural knowledge and technology; they also encompass the provision of much-needed assistance for farmers to effectively adopt and implement these innovations.

SIKAP DAN PARTISIPASI PETANI DALAM KEGIATAN PENYULUHAN PADI SAWAH DI KELURAHAN LABIBIA KOTA KENDARI

Agricultural extension has been instrumental in developing agriculture by enhancing the quality of agricultural human resources. This study was conducted on 112 rice paddy farmers in the village of Labibia in December 2022, using simple random sampling. The research sample consisted of 28 farmers from Labibia village. This study examines the variables of extension agents' attitudes, including extension methods, techniques, materials, and media, as well as farmers' participation in activity planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. The logical structure and causal connections between statements are maintained, and the text is free from grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and punctuation errors. This study examines the variables of extension agents' attitudes, including extension methods, techniques, materials, and media, as well as farmers' participation in activity planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. The text adheres to conventional structure and formatting, including consistent citation and footnote style. No changes in content were made. The data analysis utilized descriptive and rank Spearman correlation analyses. The language used is clear, concise, and objective, with a formal register and precise word choice. The study revealed that farmers in the village of Labibia rated the implementation of agricultural extension activities as 'medium' across four indicators: extension methods, techniques, materials, and media used by extension workers. This means that the implementation of extension activities still needs improvement in four indicators to ensure that farmers can fully benefit from the extension process. In Labibia village, farmers' participation in agricultural extension activities falls under the medium category. The three indicators are activity planning, activity implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of agricultural extension activities. In implementing extension activities, it is necessary to ensure participation between farmers and agricultural extension workers to achieve the planned goal of farmer independence. The attitude and participation of farmers in agricultural extension activities have a strong, unidirectional relationship. This means that the higher the farmers' attitude, the higher their participation in extension activities.

HUBUNGAN PERILAKU KOMUNIKASI DENGAN KAPASITAS PENYULUH DALAM KEGIATAN PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN DI KOTA KENDARI

This research aims to determine the relationship between communication behaviour and the capacity of extension agents in agricultural extension activities in Kendari City. The research location was chosen based on several considerations, such as: being an area with a lower level of change in people's behaviour in communicating with each other, being an area where the majority of people use information technology so that face-to-face communication between people is decreasing. The number of samples in this study was 58 agricultural extension workers because the total population in the study did not reach 100 people, so the number of pieces was taken using a census technique. The method used in this study is a quantitative method using data analysis, namely descriptive analysis and correlation analysis (rank spearman), with the help of SPSS software. The results of this study indicate that communication behaviour, both in terms of knowledge, skills, and intensity, is in the high category, with an average value of 4.27. The capacity of extension agents, which includes the ability to facilitate, access information, technology, and resources, and improve the organization, is also in the high category with an average value of 4.07. The relationship between communication behaviour and extension capacity in Kendari City's agricultural activities is very close, with a correlation coefficient of 0.81 (positive). Extension workers' communication behaviour and ability need to be maintained so that farmers get satisfying new information and knowledge while participating in extension activities.

Exploring the contributions of non-farm income diversification for improving soil and water conservation practices and reducing rural poverty in rain-fed areas of Punjab, Pakistan

Attaining agricultural sustainability and eliminating poverty are the key challenges of rural areas. Non-farm income diversification is a vital livelihood strategy that endorses sustainable agriculture and alleviates poverty. Considering the land degradation and poor economic situation of Pakistan's rain-fed areas, the current research examined the potential effects of non-farm income diversification on household poverty and adopting soil and water conservation (SWC) technologies. A survey of 441 farmers was conducted in rain-fed areas of Punjab, Pakistan, and for econometric analysis, the propensity score matching (PSM) technique was employed to explore the objectives. The results signified that diversified farmers were more likely to adopt SWC practices and were less vulnerable to poverty. The findings suggest that farmer-based organizations and agricultural extension activities must be strengthened as they support non-farm income diversification, thus facilitating investment in soil and water conservation technologies and reducing poverty.

Social Media as a Platform to Increase Participation of Extension Workers and Farmers in Achieving SDGs

The development of farming and agribusiness is a relevant and ideal choice considering the geographical structure of Indonesia as an agricultural country. However, there is a trend in society, particularly among the millennial generation, that prefers to focus on the mechanical industry, financial business, and entertainment. This situation is exacerbated by adolescents∧ widespread use of digital communication technologies and the occurrence of a pandemic, raising concerns that public participation in the agriculture sector may dwindle considerably. Based on several of these manifestations, an analysis was carried out that it was important to use internet-based digital communication tools as a medium of socialization while increasing community participation in agriculture. Social media platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram can be used to communicate and improve production and marketing through e-commerce in order to fulfill sustainable development goals (SDGs). Social media is not simply a means of contact between extension workers and farmersit can also be used to exchange information, innovate, build marketing networks, and obtain other farming supplies. This study aims to optimize the participation of extension workers and farmers in agricultural extension and communication activities. The study also intends to demonstrate the importance of using social media as a non-formal learning tool for farmers and the general public interested in agribusiness. This research applied the constructivist research paradigm with a systematical review method to explore and redefine social media as a medium of participatory extension and communication. As a result, the WhatsApp application provides a social media platform that extension workers and farmers can use for socialization, debate, and consulting to boost agricultural product output and marketing.
 Keywords: social media, participation, counseling, communication

Participation of farmers in the stages of planning, implementing and evaluating agricultural extension activities in Damietta Governorate

Participation of farmers in the stages of planning, implementing and evaluating agricultural extension activities in Damietta Governorate

KINERJA DAN KEPUASAN PETANI TERHADAP PENYULUH PERTANIAN DI KECAMATAN BANDAR MATARAM, KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TENGAH

This study aims to identify the performance and satisfaction of farmers with agricultural extension agents. The research was carried out in Sendang Agung Mataram Village, Central Lampung Regency from October to November 2021. The number of respondents was 24 farmers who were taken by accidental sampling method. Data collection used a questionnaire using a Likert scale which was analyzed by interactive data analysis. The results of the research show that the performance of agricultural extension workers as facilitators is quite good. Of the six performance indicators of agricultural extension workers as facilitators, five indicators performed quite well and one indicator received a poor rating. The indicator that received a poor performance rating was the extensionist's support in assisting the preparation of farmer work programs. Overall, farmers are not satisfied with the performance of agricultural extension workers. Indicators that have low satisfaction are: 1) providing training/ services to farmers, 2) evaluating and reporting the results of the implementation of agricultural extension activities and the responsiveness of extension workers in providing problem solutions to farmers.

Penelitian Penerapan Sosial Media dalam Kegiatan Penyuluhan Pertanian pada Portal Database Garuda: Sebuah Narrative Review

This study aims to find out research on the application of social media in agricultural extension activities by analysing research themes/topics, research methods, and research results. The research method uses a qualitative approach by processing data using a literature review of six references indexed by the Garuda database with publication ranges from 2014 to 2022. The results show that research on the application of social media in agricultural extension activities in Indonesia is quite good and can have a positive impact on accuracy, efficiency, and effectiveness of extension as well as increased agricultural productivity. Facebook and Twitter are social media platforms that are often used for interaction with the public, while WhatsApp is used for outreach, training and outreach activities. There is a gap between the needs and satisfaction of using WhatsApp to meet the needs of agricultural extension workers, but the relationship between the needs and satisfaction is very strong

The level of knowledge of grape growers about the most important tree service and obtainer, in the Ishaqi district in Salah Al din Governorate

The study aimed to determine the knowledge level of grape growers with the most important tree service operations and the outcome in Ishaqi sub-district | Salah al-Din governorate in general, and to determine the correlation between the knowledge level of grape growers and some independent variables, the Ishaqi district was chosen as an area to conduct the research in which grape cultivation is spread in (5) agricultural districts for conducting the current research, the research community included all (995) grape growers in Ishaqi district, a random sample of (20%) was selected from them. The number of farmers who represent a sample, the research (199) farmers, a questionnaire included two parts: the first included the independent variables, and second: included (87) representing measuring the knowledge level distributed over nine areas to measure the knowledge level of grape growers with the most important crop service operations.. The initial test was conducted on the initial test sample of 30 farmers from the research community and from outside the research sample for the purpose of calculating stability using the cronbach,s Alpha Where the value was 0.88, and the validity coefficient was 0.93, the results of the research showed that the general level of grape growers with the most important tree service operations, and the result in Ishaqi district | Salah al-Din governorate average tends to decline, and the results of the research showed that there is a significant correlation between the level of knowledge of grape growers and of The exploited variables (age, educational level, training courses, contact with information sources),. The researcher recommended the need to provide grape growers with information and scientific expertise and applied, and scientific recommendations on the cultivation and service of grape trees through the intensification of field visits and agricultural extension activities such as extension seminars, extension publications.
 

The Relationship between the Facilities and Infrastructure of the Balai Penyuluh Pertanian (BPP) KOSTRATANI and Its Function as a Data and Information Center at BPP Sidomulyo and Candipuro in South Lampung Regency

Agricultural Extension Service (Indonesian: Balai Penyuluh Pertanian; BPP) Strategic Command for Agricultural Development (Indonesian: Komando Strategis Pembangunan Pertanian; KOSTRATANI) serves as a crucial data and information center for agricultural extension activities. Through data collection, the BPP can provide extension workers with the necessary information to make informed decisions, create plans, and evaluate activities. As such, it is essential to support the role of BPP as a data and information center by providing adequate facilities and infrastructure. This study aims to examine the relationship between facilities and infrastructure and the function of BPP as a data and information center at BPP Sidomulyo and Candipuro in the South Lampung district. Data was collected in November 2021, and the study's respondents included 16 agricultural extension workers. The analysis was carried out using the Spearman rank statistic test, and the results revealed a positive relationship between facilities and infrastructure and the function of BPP KOSTRATANI as an information data center. The availability of facilities and infrastructure was found to be in the good to excellent category, with each percentage being 39.06 percent. These findings suggest the importance of supporting the BPP's facilities and infrastructure to maintain its role as a data and information center for agricultural extension activities.

Factors influencing the role and performance of independent agricultural extension workers in supporting agricultural extension

Abstract Extension activities play a significant role in the success of agricultural development programs. Farmers still need agricultural extension workers (EWs) in the form of assistance, technical guidance, and management intensively and continuously. With the limited number of government EWs, the role of independent agricultural extension (IAE) workers has become crucial. In Indonesia, IAE worker has been recognized since 2006, although it has not been effective. This article aims to: (1) identify conditions and characteristics of IAE and (2) analyze the influencing factors on the role of IAE officers in supporting agricultural extension. Data collection was carried out with a structured questionnaire using Google Forms involving 161 respondents. The analysis method uses inferential statistics, namely the structural equation modeling. The results showed that the factors that directly affect the role of IAE workers are work motivation and quantity or workload. The number of IAE workers directly influences their performance. A favorable working environment is required to achieve the ideal role of IAE workers. In addition, improvement of work management, horizontal and vertical relations, and regulations posit IAE workers as an essential part of agricultural extension activities. It is necessary to have a regional regulation that legalizes the allocation of regional budgets as regular incentives to facilitate the activities of agricultural EWs.

TINGKAT KEPUASAN PETANI TERHADAP KINERJA PENYULUH DI DESA PURWOSARI KECAMATAN MIJEN KOTA SEMARANG

The Agricultural extension activities provides some agricultural extension services to farmers. The poor performance of the agricultural extension than the farmer’s expectations has an impact on the level of farmers satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of performance, satisfaction, and the level of interest of farmer groups towards extension services in Purwosari Village, Mijen District, Semarang City. This research used 70 samples of farmer respondents that were selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using interviews, observation, and documentation. Results of the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) defines five attributes in quadrant I (Main Priority), three attributes in quadrant II (Maintain Achievement), two attributes in quadrant III (Low Priority), and four attributes in quadrant IV (Excessive). The result of the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) describes that the performance attributes of agricultural extension is 65.6%. This value (in the range of 33.4% - 66.5%) identifies that overall farmers in Purwosari Village were quite satisfied with the performance of agricultural extension workers.

Partisipasi Kelompok Tani Hijau Lestari Dalam Kegiatan Penyuluhan Pertanian Di Desa Tondei Satu Kecamatan Motoling Barat Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan

This study aims to determine the participation of the Green Lestari farmer group in agricultural extension activities in Tondei Satu Village, West Motoling District, South Minahasa Regency. This research started from April to June 2022. The data analysis method used in this study was descriptive analysis using a Likert Scale, the number of samples used in this study totaled 11 people. The types of data used in this research are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from direct interviews with the Hijau Lestari farmer group using a questionnaire, while secondary data was obtained from the Tondei Satu Village Government. The results of this study indicate that the participation of the Hijau Lestari farmer group in agricultural extension activities in Tondei Satu Village, West Motoling District, South Minahasa Regency is classified as active. Where is the total overall score of 353 with a percentage of 89.14.

Penyuluhan Pertanian Pada Era Kenormalan Baru di Kota Denpasar

Agricultural Extension during New Normal Era in Denpasar
 The study aimed at (1) the implementation of agricultural extension activities during the New Normal Era (2) the challenges faced by the agricultural extensionists (3) the efforts to solve the problems. The poor implementation includes the preparation, online monitoring, and evaluative reports caused by the uncertain conditions. The obstacles faced in administration, technical infrastructure, supporting facilities, farmer participation, and the IT skill of extensionists. A less good condition of solution was found yet identified as good enough for farmer participation. The data used are primary and secondary data, the methods implemented are questionnaires and interviews. The qualitative and quantitative were data analysis. The results of the study: (1) characteristics of Agricultural Extensionists in Denpasar, 16 persons, average age 53 years 38%, Bachelor 94%, balanced men and women, 50% is civil servant 63%, work experience on average 11 years 50%, the family dependents 48% on average. The characteristics of Subak Head, 12 people: average age 52 years 25%, junior high school graduated 33%,100% male, work experience on average 3 years 50%.(2) the implementation of agricultural extensionists in Denpasar according to PPL is classified as poor category, 56% of respondents. Subak Head counseling was carried out offline, by mobile phone, and by zoom meeting, it was not good, 67% respondents, the material was quite good, 75% respondents. (3) obstacles based on the research results are classified as poor, 56% respondents. (4) efforts to overcome obstacles to agricultural extensionists in the New Normal Era in Denpasar, 69% respondents were not good.