Agricultural Economics Departments Research Articles

Measuring the economic contribution of Agricultural and Applied Economics departments in the United States

AbstractAgricultural and applied economists make substantial positive contributions to the domestic economy. Defining a measure of the true total value of their contributions is likely impossible, because so much about their efforts is difficult to comprehensively observe and quantitatively document. In this paper, we adopt a conservative approach to generating an estimate of the contributions ag and applied economists make to U.S. economic output and the associated welfare of society through their teaching, research, and outreach efforts. To conduct the analysis, we implemented a nationwide survey of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AAE) departments and developed a framework to calculate the value of their contributions to national income, or Gross Domestic Product (GDP). We estimate that AAE departments increase overall U.S. GDP by $2.6 billion, annually. Through its efforts to improve the human capital of its graduates, AAE teaching raises the (expected) national income by $2.2–$2.3 billion, while we value direct research and outreach contributions at $207 million and $146 million, respectively. Because we do not observe the opportunity cost of the resources used to generate those contributions, we do not claim to estimate a true net economic impact but rather attempt to quantify the gross economic contributions of the professional services AAE departments currently offer the economy. The values we provide—especially the research and extension estimates which are exceedingly difficult to measure—likely underestimate the true benefits AAE offers to the nation.

The looming demographic cliff: A wake‐up call for the agricultural and applied economics profession

AbstractThe looming demographic cliff, characterized by a projected decline in college student enrollment, can have important impacts for the agricultural and applied economics profession, academic departments, and universities more broadly across the US. This decline will not only affect the financial stability and sustainability of many agricultural economics departments but also the number of high‐skilled professionals available for the agricultural industry, government bodies, and academia. This article discusses the main factors leading to the demographic cliff, as well as potential strategies for curbing its negative impacts on the profession. In the face of this challenge, it is important to develop a thoughtful, proactive, and strategic approach, and to engage industry, government, and academic partnerships.

Total Factor Productivity Growth and Changing Cost Structure of Sugarcane in Gujarat, India

Aims: 
 
 To estimate the growth of input, output indices and total factor productivity of sugarcane in Gujarat
 To estimate the changing cost structure of sugarcane
 
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Agricultural Economics, Junagadh Agricultural University (between June 2018 and July 2020).
 Methodology: This paper has estimated the growth in total factor productivity of sugarcane crop using Tornqvist Theil index and growth trends in cost structure of sugarcane crop in Gujarat.
 Results: The results showed that the growth rate of TFP indices of sugarcane planted crop and ratoon crop were negative about -0.86 and -0.31 per cent per annum, respectively. Negative TFP growth resulted due to a relatively faster rate of total input growth than total output growth. in the total cost of cultivation of sugarcane, the cost share of human labour, irrigation and miscellaneous in Gujarat has shown an increasing trend. while, rental value of land showing declining trend. 
 Conclusion: Study suggested that technological gains have not been experienced in this crop needs concentrated efforts to bridge extension gap and further research to evolve concrete strains, resistant to pest and diseases which reduce the real cost of production.

Growth and Instability Analysis of Sugar Exports from India

Aims: To work out growth trends and instability in export of sugar and jaggery from India
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Agricultural Economics, Junagadh Agricultural University (between June 2018 and July 2020).
 Methodology: The present study focused on analyzing the growth and instability in sugar and jaggery export quantity, value and unit value as well for the period from 1996-97 to 2005-06. Exponential growth model and Cuddy-Della index used for growth and instability analysis, respectively.
 Results: study results indicate a notable annual growth rate in sugar export from India, specifically at 17.42, 23.44 and 5.13 per cent for quantity, value and unit value, respectively during the time span from1996-97 to 2018-19. Similarly, jaggery export also followed a comparable trend However, the export of both sugar and jaggery exhibited high volatility, attributed to low production levels during years of scarcity.
 Conclusion: The potential for expanding sugar and jaggery exports is considerable, contingent upon enhancing quality to meet the specific requirements of importing nations. Jaggery, renowned for its nutritional value, warrants increased domestic consumption, thereby contributing to the augmentation of sugarcane farm income.

Wiktor Schramm’s voice in the discussion on the use of the Josephine cadastre in the study of agriculture and agricultural technology in Galicia in the 18th century (W. Schramm, “Rolnictwo polskie u schyłku XVIII wieku na tle metryk józefińskich,” Poznań

Wiktor Schramm (1885–1958) was a scholar and educator born in Olchowa and living in Poznań. He was a professor at the University of Poznań, its pro-rector, as well as the founder (1919) and head of the Department of Agricultural Economics (initially, Zakład Ekonomii Rolniczej and after 1945 – Katedra). His research interests included agriculture and agricultural economics, accounting, economic history and the organization and methodology of university teaching as well as the natural sciences and ethnography. The article summarizes the current state of knowledge about Schramm’s scholarly activities and presents his hitherto unpublished article as a voice in the discussion of the use of the cadastre, known as the Josephine metric, which was created in the late 18th century in the area of Galicia. It also discusses the metric itself, which is a contemporary source for researching the past and the changes that took place in Galicia from the 18th–21st centuries. Nowadays, the materials produced during the implementation of land surveys in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy of Joseph II are stored at the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lviv. The article points out the untapped potential of the Josephine metric in the study of such sciences as economic history, historical ethnography, demography, geography, natural sciences and others.

Nebraska Extension educators bring entrepreneurship education to Georgia and Armenia

In a unique initiative by the American Councils for International Education, Nebraska Extension educators Molly Brandt and Marilyn Schlake were invited to travel to the countries of Georgia and Armenia in 2022 to train local educators in the principles of the 4-H Entrepreneurship Investigation (ESI) curriculum. Brandt, an innovation and entrepreneurship 4-H educator, and Schlake, a Rural Prosperity Nebraska educator in the Department of Agricultural Economics, prepared for what they thought was a one-time experience. However, after their successful endeavor in Tbilisi, Georgia, in October 2022, they were invited back in April 2023, to deliver similar training in Yerevan, Armenia.

An Explorative Analysis of the Labour Market structure in the Peri-Urban area of Hyderabad Metropolitan Region

The study was undertaken during June–August, 2020 in the peri-urban areas of Hyderabad Metropolitan Region of Telangana under the department of Agricultural Economics, Professor Jayashanker Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telengana state, India. The objective was to explore the nature of gender gap in the labour market since peri-urban spaces capture changes better. Based on the Census survey data, descriptive analysis was employed in the study. The study revealed that urban sprawl did not guarantee working environment to men and women equally and women were either pushed out of workforce or rendered with marginal works. A gendered society in developing world was clearly pictured and occupational segregation was also observed in the study locations. The results also revealed the existence of distress employment with a rise in the female marginal workers compared to their male counterparts. Women workers were more into agricultural labour than male workers in the peri-urban study locations confirming feminisation of agriculture whereas other worker category which needs specialized skills were dominated by male workers. A decline in female work participation rate was indeed observed but a detailed look identified it as a rural phenomenon. In a nut shell, the results reflected that the rapid developments in the peri-urban region did not provide a similar working environment to both genders and further, the benefits of urbanization is yet to reach the rural continuum.

Management Approaches and Strategies by the Farmers to Cope Up with the Risk of Covid-19 Pandemic

This study was conducted under the department of Agricultural Economics, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India during October, 2021 to January, 2022. The objective was aimed to evaluate the management approaches in relation to management principles for sustaining their farming during Covid-19 pandemic with a unique set of primary data (before, during and after of pandemic) collected in Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal, India. Tabular, multiple regression and Garrett ranking analysis were followed to obtain the results for interpretation. Impact of the management approaches was reflected in positive net income (return-cost ratio around 1.09) in spite of variation in yield and price for two crops viz. paddy and wheat. Mobile phone was largely used for transaction. Multiple regression analysis predicted some independent variables responsible for low yield. The study, thus, showed the farmers’ managerial strategies during pandemic helped them to maintain livelihoods. Restriction in consumption, saving, entertainment, investment and other expenditures had been evident. Low risk enterprises like livestock and vegetables were followed to reduce risk. Like a visionary manager, majority of the farmers (76%) prioritised (Garrett ranking) on more Govt. initiatives. Extent and variation of management principles (functions) viz. planning, organizing, leading and controlling, as followed by the farmers was also examined and found to be relevant. The study, thus, showed the managerial strategies and efficiency of farmer-manager during pandemic which helped the farmers’ to sustain livelihoods during pandemic.

The Benefits and Burdens of Meat Consumption

The Benefits and Burdens of Meat Consumption

Uso do test bench para avaliação da deriva de pulverização em condições climáticas subtropicais

ABSTRACT As an alternative to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) method 22866, a method for the field measurement of spray drift was developed in the Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Economics and Engineering of the University of Turin, Italy. This new method, termed “test bench,” can be applied for wind conditions beyond those covered in ISO 22866. The aim of this study was to quantify the drift potential of three nozzles at two working pressures and two sprayer boom heights using the test bench method, under subtropical climate conditions. The experiment was conducted at Bandeirantes, Paraná State, Brazil, from 2018 to 2019 in a completely randomized design with 12 treatments, wherein three nozzles were used at the minimum and maximum working pressures, and two boom heights were tested, with four replicates for each combination. The following nozzles were used: XR11002 (100 and 400 kPa), AIXR11002 (100 and 600 kPa), and ATR 2.0 (400 and 2000 kPa), operating at boom heights of 0.50 and 1.00 m. The test bench method allows for drift assessment under subtropical climate conditions, and the results revealed that changes in meteorological conditions, nozzles, and pressure are key factors affecting the drift potential of boom sprayers. Relative air humidity and working pressure were the most important determining factors of the drift potential of the nozzles, whereas boom height had no effect on drift potential.

존 로싱 벅(John Lossing Buck)과 중국 농업 경제 – 진링대학 농업경제학과 개설 및 교육활동(1915-1944년)을 중심으로 –

존 로싱 벅(John Lossing Buck)과 중국 농업 경제 – 진링대학 농업경제학과 개설 및 교육활동(1915-1944년)을 중심으로 –

Insights from a decade in the life of public Ph.D.‐granting agricultural economics departments

AbstractWe examine annual salaries over a 10‐year period for 423 teaching/research faculty in 23 public Ph.D.‐granting agricultural economics departments. To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze panel data for agricultural economics faculty members from a variety of universities. Using a fixed effects model, we find that the highest returns are derived from gaining years of experience, moving between universities, receiving tenure, and obtaining the rank of full professor. The fixed effects estimation relative to a cross‐section does not show evidence of the negative returns to seniority that is typically found in studies analyzing academic labor markets.

Promotional achievement of economists: Does being agricultural or female matter?

AbstractThis article analyzes factors that predict the academic rank of Economics and Agricultural Economics faculty. While female faculties are under‐represented in both types of academic departments, we find that significant factors in predicting the academic rank of female faculty are primarily professional contributions represented by publications and experience. Agricultural Economics departments require more publications than Economics in order to achieve the same positive effect on the latent indicator of higher academic rank. The positive contribution of publications to higher academic rank status is larger for females than for males for both types of economists. The result is suggestive of potential benefits relating to policies that support women in their ability to publish.

Intention to Use Drones in Agriculture: Evidence from Greece

Modern Concepts & Developments in Agronomy Intention to Use Drones in Agriculture: Evidence from Greece Constantina Costopoulou*, Sotirios Karetsos, Maria Ntaliani and Ioannis Rizakos Informatics Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development Agricultural University of Athens, Greece *Corresponding author: Constantina Costopoulou, Informatics Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development Agricultural University of Athens, Greece Submission: January 29, 2022 Published: February 14, 2022 DOI: 10.31031/MCDA.2022.10.000736 ISSN 2637-7659Volume10 Issue 3

Are Simultaneously Decided Referenda Substitutable? Evidence from Municipal Land Use Ballot Measures

Matthew Gammans, Associate Professor Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing; gammansm{at}msu.edu

Honey Bees, Almonds, and Colony Mortality: An Economic Simulation of the U.S. Pollination Market

Chengcheng J. Fei, Postdoctoral Research Associate Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University, College Station; feiccheng{at}tamu.edu

Introduction to the special issue on COVID‐19 and the Canadian agriculture and food sectors: Thoughts one year into the pandemic

Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomieVolume 69, Issue 2 p. 155-159 SPECIAL ISSUE ARTICLE Introduction to the special issue on COVID-19 and the Canadian agriculture and food sectors: Thoughts one year into the pandemic Alan P. Ker, Corresponding Author Alan P. Ker [email protected] Department of Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics, and Institute for the Advanced Study of Food and Agricultural Policy, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada Correspondence Alan P. Ker, Department of Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics, Institute for the Advanced Study of Food and Agricultural Policy, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorRyan Cardwell, Ryan Cardwell Department of Agribusiness and Agricultural Economics, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author Alan P. Ker, Corresponding Author Alan P. Ker [email protected] Department of Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics, and Institute for the Advanced Study of Food and Agricultural Policy, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada Correspondence Alan P. Ker, Department of Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics, Institute for the Advanced Study of Food and Agricultural Policy, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorRyan Cardwell, Ryan Cardwell Department of Agribusiness and Agricultural Economics, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 April 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12289Citations: 2 Financial support to cover both page charges and technical editing was provided by the following: (i) Canadian Agricultural Economics Society; (ii) Masters of Food and Resource Economics (MFRE) Program, The University of British Columbia; (iii) Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Saskatchewan; (iv) Sol Sinclair Institute of Farm Management, University of Manitoba; (v) Department of Agribusiness and Agricultural Economics, University of Manitoba; (vi) Department of Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Guelph; (vii) McCain Family Chair in Food Security, University of Guelph; (viii) Institute for the Advanced Study of Food and Agricultural Policy, University of Guelph; (ix) OAC Research Chair in Agricultural Risk and Policy, University of Guelph; (x) Ridgetown Campus, University of Guelph; and (xi) Département d’économie agroalimentaire et sciences de la consommation, Universite Laval Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume69, Issue2June 2021Pages 155-159 RelatedInformation

Indian agricultural trade in WTO regime

Agriculture sector is the fundamental constituent of the Indian economy and this sector provides employment to more than (50%) population and contributes (17.32%) of gross domestic product. India is a net exporter of agricultural commodities with net exports earnings of US$ 28.66 billion in the year 2015. Nonetheless, liberalization, globalization, world Trade organization can greatly enhance the role of agriculture as an engine of growth in low-income countries like India by making it possible for the agricultural sector to grow considerably faster than the domestic consumption. It also increases the potential for enhance agricultural export from India to World. The present study was based on secondary data collected from the various published sources, viz. various issues of hand book of RBI, FAO Trade year Book, Statistical Abstract in India, indiastat.com, FAOSTAT etc. This study was carried out during 2018 at department of Agricultural Economics, CCSHAU, Hisar. The data were grouped into two periods (Pre-WTO and Post-WTO) depending upon the formation of world trade organization and its effect on export and import of agricultural sector, Period-I related to agricultural trade before formation of world trade organization and ranged from 1975-1994 and Period-II ranged from 1995-2015 which is the Post-WTO period. The data was analysed by using major analytical techniques like least square technique, tabular analysis, per centage share, growth rates and Coefficient of Variation. In this context, the present study analyses the trends, growth and instability in agricultural trade of India before and after WTO.

Farm households' levels of vulnerability to extreme weather events in South-Eastern Nigeria

The impacts of climate change risks, risk management mechanisms, and the physical environment under which farm households operate play significant roles in poverty and hidden hunger dynamics in developing countries. Extreme weather events are most often triggers of changes in risk management, which also affect the capacity of households to absorb the resultant shocks. This paper based on primary data collected as part of a PhD dissertation in the Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, presents an analysis of farm households’ levels of vulnerability to extreme weather events in South-eastern Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used in the selection of 120male-and 120 female-headed farm households that constituted the sample for the study. Both structured interview schedule and focus group discussion guide were used to gather data from the respondents, which were analyzed using UNDP vulnerability index. Using household adaptive capacity approach, data were collected on human, economic and institutional capacity of farmers in coping with extreme weather events. Female-headed households were more vulnerable than their male-headed counterparts to the effect of extreme weather events with respect to some of the indicators such as farming income, years of formal education, farm size, land ownership status, number of extension contacts, access to weather information, access to remittance, membership of cooperative and assistance from National Emergency Management Agency in the area. Overall, using household adaptive capacity approach, the results of the gender-based vulnerability analysis showed male-headed farming households with a vulnerability index of 0.38 while the female-headed farming households, on the other hand, had vulnerability index of 0.68. Although female-headed farm households were more vulnerable than their male counterparts, the farmers were all generally highly vulnerable to the incidence of natural disasters because of low adaptive capacity. The study recommends that government and development partners with the responsibility of protecting the environment should be gender-sensitive and redirect more effort in mitigating the negative agricultural effects caused by extreme weather events, especially among female-headed farm households who are more vulnerable.

Three Good Reasons for Reading “Wine Economics,” by Stefano Castriota, 2020, The MIT Press

American Journal of Agricultural EconomicsVolume 103, Issue 5 p. 1924-1925 Book Review Three Good Reasons for Reading “Wine Economics,” by Stefano Castriota, 2020, The MIT Press Marco Costanigro, Corresponding Author Marco Costanigro marco.costanigro@colostate.edu orcid.org/0000-0002-7104-097X Correspondence to be sent to: marco.costanigro@colostate.eduSearch for more papers by this author Marco Costanigro, Corresponding Author Marco Costanigro marco.costanigro@colostate.edu orcid.org/0000-0002-7104-097X Correspondence to be sent to: marco.costanigro@colostate.eduSearch for more papers by this author First published: 17 February 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/ajae.12198 Marco Costanigro is a professor at Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume103, Issue5October 2021Pages 1924-1925 RelatedInformation