Agricultural Development In Indonesia Research Articles

KEPUTUSAN ADOPSI INOVASI PERTANIAN SAYUR ORGANIK

The decline in the quality of agricultural land due to residues of synthetic chemical inputs is a serious problem being faced in agricultural development in Indonesia. Starting from these problems an important issue of sustainable agricultural development is organic farming. This research has been carried out on CV. GS Organic in 2023, with the aim of a) describing the process of adopting organic farming innovations at CV. GS Organic, b) describes the internal factors and external factors that influence the adoption of organic farming innovations in CV. GS Organic, c) describes the type of organic farming decision making in CV. GS Organic. This type of research is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection methods are by observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The data analysis method uses the interactive Miles and Huberman model. The results showed that the factors that determine the adoption of innovation in CV. Organic GS is the initiative of the farmers themselves, as well as the factors that influence farmers' decision making, namely internal factors and external factors. Internal Factors: a) Cosmopolitan Level, b) Motivation. External Factors: a) Reference Group, b) Sources of Information, c) Characteristics of Innovation. Farmers' perceptions of the characteristics of innovation that determine innovation adoption are relative advantages from an economic standpoint, advantages from a social prestige perspective, relative advantages from a convenience standpoint, conformity with espoused values, conformity with prevailing norms, conformity with farmer's needs, trialability (Triability). in a small area, ability is observed from technical advantages, ability is observed from the point of view of economic advantage. The type of decision made on the CV. Organic GS in making decisions, namely optional decisions.

The Trend of Agricultural Sector Resilience in Indonesia During 2008-2020

Purpose: The agricultural sector has an essential role in developing the economy of Indonesia (food, feed, raw materials for industry, contributor to gross domestic product, and labor absorption). For decades, this business field has survived (positive economic growth, while most of the business field faces contraction) during the country’s economic shock (financial crisis, economic setback, and pandemic situation). Thus, this study aims to measure Indonesia’s agricultural sector’s resilience and trends.Research Method: Secondary data have been collected from various sources: The UN Comtrade, World Bank, Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, Bank Indonesia, and Investing Coordinating Board of Indonesia. Moreover, principal component analysis is used to determine the index of agricultural sector resilience in Indonesia, while trend analysis is employed to investigate the development of the resilience index from time to time.Findings: The resilience of the agricultural sector varies from time to time. However, it is statistically proven (a = 1%) that resilience tends to increase over the last twelve years.Research Limitations: The variables to determine the agricultural sector resilience in Indonesia consist of trade balance, agricultural terms of trade, total investment, government spending in the agricultural sector, total credit, agricultural workers’ income, and percentage of agricultural workers to total workers. It is suggested that the future study, employed non-agricultural parameters such as environmental conditions and research and development budget to capture a more comprehensive situation on agricultural sector resilience.Originality/ Value: This study contributes to the renewal of the literature on the resilience of the agricultural sector. Moreover, the variables used to represent the parameters of agricultural development in Indonesia may be applied in other countries.

Potential Utilization of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Various Growing Media on Soil Fertility in Dry Land

The potential of dry land for agricultural development in Indonesia is very large, one way that can be done to increase soil fertility and productivity of dry land is by using PGPR biologival fertilizers and various planting media such as husk charcoal and cocopeat. The purpose of this writing is to determine the effect of giving Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and various planting media on soil fertility in dry land. This research was conducted using a descriptive method by obtaining data from publication in the form of research journal, review journal published in international and national journals and other related information. Descriptive analysis was carried out by means of 1). Do a search of appropriate literature 2). Screening and selecting relevant articles 3). Conducting qualitative analysis and 4). Compile articles. The application of PGPR and various planting media can increase the physical and chemical fertility of the soil and nutrient absorption for the soil, such as improving soil ph, organic C, P-total and soil N-total. The mechanism of PGPR to increase soil fertility is by fixing nitrogen in the air with the help of the enzyme nitogenase, as a phosphate solvent, and as a producer of plant hormones.

Pengaruh Pembangunan Pertanian terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia Tahun 1985-2022

This quantitative research aims to determine the short and long-term relationship between agricultural development and economic growth in Indonesia from 1985-2022. It employed the ECM (Error Correction Model) method. The data involved secondary data from 1985-2022 collected from the official website of the World Bank. There were two variables in this research: Economic Growth and Agricultural Development. Economic growth data were based on constant prices in Indonesia for 1985-2022 from the World Bank website. The data was manifested in percent. The second variable was agricultural development, namely agriculture, forestry, and fisheries. It referred to ISIC divisions 1-3 and included forestry, hunting, and fisheries, as well as food crop cultivation and livestock production. Agricultural development data covering 1985-2022 was gathered from the World Bank website. The data was shown in percent. The results indicated that the agricultural development variable had a short-term effect on economic growth in Indonesia. The ECT coefficient was significant in the short term but had a negative relationship. Thus, the correlation was negative. Meanwhile, the long-term relationship between agricultural development and economic growth did not show a significant effect. Agricultural development variables had a long-term negative effect on economic growth in Indonesia. This research is hoped to provide new information and discussions that are in line with the analysis of the influence of agricultural development on economic growth in Indonesia. In addition, it can share the views of the Indonesian government in formulating policies regarding the analysis of agricultural development in Indonesia.

HUBUNGAN KUALIFIKASI PENYULUH DENGAN KAPASITAS PENYULUH PERTANIAN DI KOTA KENDARI

The implementation of agricultural extension in the success of agricultural development in Indonesia needs to be supported by the ability of individual extension workers themselves in carrying out their duties as agricultural extension workers. So that the position of agricultural extension workers is an important position in the process of delivering and implementing agricultural extension programs in agricultural development. Therefore, extension workers are required to have the ability or capacity to carry out extension activities to the farming community. This study aims to determine: 1). the qualifications of extension workers with the capacity of agricultural extension workers 2). The relationship between the qualifications of extension workers and the capacity of agricultural extension workers in conducting extension activities in Kendari City. The basic research method used is quantitative with survey techniques. The location selection was done purposively in Kendari City. Sampling using census / saturated sampling technique and respondents taken as many as 63 agricultural extension workers. Data analysis using the spearman rank test. The results showed that: 1) the level of qualifications possessed by agricultural extension workers in Kendari City has fulfilled the capacity as an agricultural extension worker and 2) there is a significant relationship between the qualifications of agricultural extension workers and the capacity of agricultural extension workers in Kendari City.

Sustainability agricultural supply chain in improving the welfare of North Toraja Arabica coffee farmers

This form of agricultural acceleration requires considerable effort as a form of capacity building, agricultural production, as well as developing agricultural product innovations into processed products that have economic value, and are multipurpose. Business in the field of coffee farming has a long and complicated supply chain that is often encountered from upstream to downstream and is also one of the obstacles in developing business in the Arabica coffee sector. The success of sustainable rural agricultural development in Indonesia is very important so that the expected results can ultimately contribute to the country’s economic stability and support the country’s economic growth. Indonesia’s agricultural sector has played a major role in supporting the country’s stability, as well as in improving quality and production to meet the growing national food needs. Thus, agricultural development efforts are focused on increasing production levels through land expansion and agricultural intensification. The increasing adoption of sustainable agriculture is attracting the attention of governments and farmers, especially companies and end consumers, with the increasing awareness of sustainability in agriculture which has become the concern of the global market, many producers are competing to improve their products from year to year. On the one hand, the benefits of sustainable agriculture can also be seen from consumer interest, starting with an increasing preference for environmentally friendly products and services. On the other hand, the enthusiasm of several parties in establishing relationships with other companies that have implemented sustainable agriculture programs is an effective and good way in agriculture.

Initiating Model of Agricultural Development Based on Local Wisdom: The Case of Risk Mitigation of Organic Rice Farming in Indonesia

Agricultural development in Indonesia still depends on ideas and practices taken from outside or international agency. By the less successful integrated pest management in Indonesia encouraged by FAO, and the imperfection of organic rice farming (ORF) is still one stretch and has the same water flow with the conventional farming, it could be probably contaminated by chemical residue, and therefore, the agricultural development based on local wisdom can be a valuable alternative. Pleasantly, Indonesia is rich with farming local wisdom, and the research about this local practice is frequently conducted. But, unfortunately, this research is merely to describe it case by case in local context and does not yet become a systematic planning for agricultural development. Therefore, the aim of this research is not only to explore farmer local wisdom in mitigating risk of organic rice farming especially in pre-planting period, but to formulate the items of this mitigation into a planning which could gradually be implemented as the first & second priority, the items that have been completely implemented, and as the aspects of mitigation which are not important to develop. By in-depth interview with the prominent farmer, this research finds five items of local wisdom to mitigate the risk of organic rice farming, in which part of them are making a filter tub upstream into organic rice fields, topped with water hyacinth (eceng gondok); providing rice seeds by themselves; and the seed to be planted should come from organic seedbeds. Adopting the Importance Performance Analysis to the 109 samples in Tasikmalaya, West java -- which the sample size is determined by Slovin formula with below 7% of error probability and adopts stratified proportional random sampling -- this research which proves eceng gondok planting in the upstream is one of the local wisdom that is usually practiced to mitigate ORF, and it should be maintained. Another action that should be maintained is the awareness that the seeds should come from organic seedbeds. While, the agreement that farmer group association should provide rice seeds themselves is one of local wisdom that should be prioritized in agricultural extension. Based on this research, the model of agricultural development could be on the basis of local practices, and it could be implemented in Indonesia as well as in other countries that have local wisdom.

Regulatory and Policy Responses toward SDGs in Achieving Sustainable Agriculture Productivity in Indonesia

As one of the countries adopted the United Nations Resolution 70/1 on the agenda entitled “Transforming Our World: 2030 for sustainable development to end hunger, achiever food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture, Indonesia is duty bound to realize these Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the regulatory framework and government policy towards SDGs in achieving sustainable agricultural productivity in Indonesia. This research is normative legal research with a statutory approach and an analytical approach to the problem of agricultural development in Indonesia. By using a qualitative descriptive method, this study would describe government regulations and policies related to SDGs in achieving sustainable agricultural development. The result of this study shows that the regulations and policies set by the Government of Indonesia are in line with the Sustainable Development Goals in particular the second goal of increasing agricultural productivity in a sustainable manner especially the second SDGs goals, namely ending hunger by revitalizing agriculture and increasing the competitiveness and value added of agricultural commodities. However, this regulatory framework cannot be said to be effective in realizing sustainable agriculture productivity in Indonesia because the related regulations are not optimal and comprehensive.

Co-Creation Approach in Designing a Sustainable Coffee Supply Chain (a Case in Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia)

Agricultural development in Indonesia had been conducted in a top-down manner since its independence, which has limited its effectiveness due to the gap between the reality faced by the development actors and actors who are involved in the agricultural supply chain. This paper provides evidence of a more participative model design by involving most of the actors in its process. The study was performed in action research by using a co-creation approach, involving actors who contributed their thoughts in designing the most suitable model that can support them in reaching a more sustainable supply chain for coffee agribusiness in Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The results show that a co-creation approach has managed to improve the performance of the coffee supply chain by the formation of a cooperative, which enhanced coordination among stakeholders. Furthermore, the involvement of farmers provided significant contributions in the design of the model.

Socio-economic aspect and carrying capacity of agricultural land resources to support the development of strategic agricultural commodities

The challenges of future agricultural development in Indonesia are still very heavy in relation to the carrying capacity of land resources and socio-economic aspects. This paper aimed to analyze the important steps of strategic commodity development based on the role of socio-economic aspects and the support of agricultural land carrying capacity. The analyses showed that the contribution of the agricultural sector to national income is quite high as indicated by the agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) at around 10.27% of the national GDP and current agricultural commodities as a source of foreign exchange come from oil palm and cocoa. However, fluctuation in market demand and price of agricultural commodities still depends on supply and demand. The supply is affected by climate disturbances and natural disasters, while the demand is related to the growing population. Socio-economic aspects as the prerequisites for agricultural commodity development include markets, farmer exchange rates and other supporting facilities. Land resources include the availability of land and irrigation water. The carrying capacity of rice fields in Indonesia is still very heavy, namely 34 people ha−1 of rice fields, while neighboring countries such as Vietnam and Thailand are 14.0 and 2.5 people ha−1, respectively.

Key Role of Millennial Generation in Rural Agricultural Development In Indonesia: Cohort Generation Theory Approach

Agricultural development actors in Indonesia are currently dominated by elderly farmers and a small proportion of young farmers. Another condition is that the farming system in Indonesia is generally subsistence. Several good potentials in the context of agricultural development in Indonesia today, firstly, the productive working age group is dominated by youth, especially the millennial generation, and secondly, the growing rapidly used internet networks. The condition of subsistence farming and the lack of young actors in agriculture, but on the other hand there is the potential of the millennial generation and availability of internet networks access. This study employed a quantitative research method. The purpose of this research is to see the current condition of agricultural development in Indonesia concerning its current potential. Another objective is to design the appropriate strategy for exploiting this potential to accelerate agricultural development in Indonesia. The results obtained from this research are the high level of accessibility of rural communities as initial capital for agricultural development in Indonesia for now. The millennial generation who dominates the working age in Indonesia can maximize their role in the agricultural sector in rural areas through developing entrepreneurship based on the use of internet networks.

The challenges of integrated farming system development towards sustainable agriculture in Indonesia

This study was aimed to determine the challenges of developing an Integrated Farming System (IFS). IFS is one of the solutions for agricultural development in Indonesia by integrating agriculture, livestock, fisheries, forestry and other sciences related to agriculture. It is expected to be able to increased land productivity. This research was conducted with a comparative study from various countries such as Brazil, India, US, sub-Saharan Africa countries regarding development issues, implementation, and constraints that occur in an IFS. The method of study is literature study. The results of the study show that the implementation of the IFS system poses various challenges, including: a) lack of understanding of farmers towards IFS, b) limited ability of farmers to utilize agricultural technology and c) financial support. However, IFS can increase agricultural food security and increased farmer welfare and expand employment. The implementation of IFS requires government support to create opportunities to increase farm scale in line with farmers’ income.

The Role of Agricultural Extension in Increasing Competence and Income Rice Farmers

The success of agricultural development in Indonesia in developing the ability of farmers is inseparable from the role of extension services carried out professionally. This study aims to (1) Analyzing the level of farmers 'perceptions about the role of extension workers in improving the competence of rice farmers in Tayawa Village, and (2) Analyzing factors that influence the level of farmers' perceptions about the role of extension workers in increasing the competence of rice farmers in Tayawa Village. This research uses a survey method with a descriptive analysis approach and a quantitative paradigm, supplemented with qualitative data information to support and sharpen quantitative analysis. The level of competence of middle rice farmers tends to be low, due to the weak role of agricultural extension workers. The role of the instructor as a communicator, facilitator, educator, and communicator turned out to have a positive effect on increasing the competence of rice farmers. But now these factors tend to be low so that it is still lacking in efforts to increase the competence of rice farmers.

Needs, opportunities and challenges for crop improvement in Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the countries with mega diversity. However, challenges in varietal improvement might affect the national agricultural development in Indonesia. This article discusses the need for improved crops, opportunities, challenges for crop improvement and addresses strategic crops improvement by applying advanced biotechnology in Indonesia. A growing population demands increased food supply. Thus, food self-sufficiency is a strategic agricultural development program due to its broad impact. The supply of fibre, feed, and fuel is also necessary for industrial development. At present, changes in land quality and climate influence agricultural productivity, especially crop productivity and quality. Therefore, crop genetic improvement significantly contributes to increase their production. The emerging biotechnological approaches, particularly new breeding techniques involving diverse genetic resources from Indonesia, would rapidly expand the gene pool for plant improvement. Moreover, accessible information technologies along with exchanges of genetic resources through the multilateral system, offer a new direction and partnership for advanced research. However, inadequate human resources, infrastructure, low investment in long-term research and lack of collaboration and coordination among research organizations can hinder the crop improvement. Additionally, genetic erosion and genetic resources management remain a concern. As strategies to engineer crop improvement, many approaches have been centered on prioritized national strategic crops for desired traits to overcome national issues. Possible breeding techniques can be enriched by exploring new supporting technologies including molecular markers, genetic engineering and genome editing, as well as by co-development and transfer of technologies for overall development in Indonesia.

Institutional Arrangement of Agriculture Development in Indonesia: Lesson Learn from Korea through 6th Order of Industrial Agriculture System

The development of economy in the recent years has successfully changed the Indonesian economy from agricultural economy to Industrial economy. However, when the sectoral output contribution decreases sharply, it does not mean that agriculture sector becomes unimportant factor in the Indonesian Economy. In recent years, the data shows that the agricultural sector still absorbs high employment compared to other sectors, which amounted to 30.9% of the total 121.7 million workforce. Increasing instability in the management of the agricultural industry and increasing population resulted in reduced regional vitality and community productivity. Therefore, through the policy concept of The Sixth Order Industry, it is important for the Indonesian government to build policy support and measures to promote the local economy in maintaining the welfare of the agricultural community. The purpose of this study is to determine the priority of policy objectives and support related to the 6th-order agricultural industrialization policy and identify the rules of agricultural institutions in Indonesia through the concept of the 6th-order agricultural industrialization policy. The method used study of literature and SWOT. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be seen that marketing and financial support are the most important means among several policy tools in achieving the goals of The Sixth Order Industry. Improving governance, agricultural management from upstream to downstream, and increasing cooperation between farmers, industry and banking are the keys to the success of agricultural development in Indonesia in order to achieve food sovereignty.

Utilization and Improvement of Marginal Soils for Agricultural Development in Indonesia

Indonesia is a humid tropical country that has very intensive weathering of soils resulting acidic soils such as Oxisols and Ultisols. In swampy ecosystems, organic matters accumulated become peat soils or Histosols. Reclamation of shallow peat for agricultural land will induce the forming of acid sulfate soils (Sulfaquept and Sulfaquent). Due to low fertility soils, the three of above soils are classified as marginal soils and now they are used for agricultural activities and some of them are still in forests. The use of marginal soils should refer to land suitability whether it is retained as a forest or used as agricultural land. The development of agricultural commodities on marginal soils must consider soil characteristics and agro-climate conditions. Oxisols and Ultisols have characteristics of low pH, low organic C, low macro and micro nutrients. In areas where rainfall is higher than 2,000 mm/year and evenly distributed throughout the year, oil palm plantations can be well developed. Meanwhile in the rainfall between 1,750-2,000 mm/year, rubber, cacao, coffee plants can be cultivated. Agricultural development in acidic soils need to be followed by the addition of soil amendments such as organic materials, humic substances, lime, fly ash, steel slag as well as fertilizers. Acid sulfate soils have a pH value of around 3 due to pyrite oxidation and usually low macro and micro nutrient content. Acacia mangium plants as raw material for pulp and oil palm plantation can grow quite well if followed by application of fertilizers and appropriate soil amendments. Peat soils are very fragile ecosystem so that in the upstream area and peat dome, they must be retained as forests. Peat can be developed for Acacia crassicarpa, oil palm, and rubber plants with good water and fertilizer management. Thin peat underneath mineral soil from river sediments can be developed rice field.

Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Sawi Pola Kemitraan dan Non Mitra di Kecamatan Megamendung Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat

Partnership is one of the institutions that plays an important role in agricultural development in Indonesia. Contracts in partnerships result in differences in production, productivity, and cultivation techniques. Farmers who have not been able to allocate optimally production factors in their farming production processes will influence the production costs and farmers' income. This study aims to identify factors that influence farmers participating in partnerships, the effect of partnerships on the efficiency of mustard farming, and the factors that influence the inefficiency of mustard farming. This study uses cross section data from 70 samples of mustard farmers, consisting of 35 partner farmers and 35 non-partner farmers. The method used is cost analysis and income analysis. The results showed that the average income of partner farmers for cash costs amounted to Rp 20,932,943 and profits at a total cost of Rp 12,828,443. In non-partner farmers, income from cash costs amounted to Rp. 22,118,483 and revenues from total costs amounted to Rp. 14,492,164. Partner farmer income is lower than non-partner farmers. With participation participating partnering to reduce income because of different input and output prices between partner farmers and non-partner farmers. Keywords: Partnership, farming income, green mustard

EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF STATE BUDGET ON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA 2012-2016

Indonesia is still far behind compared to other Asian countries in agriculture. The technology and the availability of pre-facilities are still inadequate because of the many obstacles that hamper agricultural development. Agricultural development is a major component of rural development. One way to help the process of agricultural development is with the ease of access to finance.The State through the Ministry of Agriculture continues to make efforts in encouraging the development of domestic agriculture. Funds distributed are not small so it is necessary to calculate the efficient use of state budget funds in agricultural development in Indonesia. This study aims to measure the level of efficiency of the state budget for the agricultural sector. The data used are secondary data derived from the Ministry of Agriculture's financial report from 2012 to 2016.The method used is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with input oriented and output oriented with Variable Returns to Scale (VRS). The input variable used is the realization of State Budget (APBN) for agriculture sector, while the output variables used are Farmer's Exchange Rate (NTP), Gross Domestic Product, and Farmer Productivity. The results show that the year 2015 becomes a very inefficient year both in terms of input oriented and output oriented. The increase in the realization of state expenditures for agriculture is not balanced by significant results, even in 2016 where the relatively small increase in the realization of the agriculture sector budget has had a comparable impact.Keywords: Efficiency, realization Budget expenditure, agricultural development

Karakteristik Sensori Kopi Celup Dan Kopi Instan Varietas Robusta Dan Arabika

Coffee is one of the plantation commodities that contribute to the significant role for agricultural development in Indonesia. Indonesia has two main coffee varieties, namely Arabica coffee and Robusta coffee. The objectives of the study were characterization of physical properties and quality of sensory coffee dye and instant coffee. The materials used are Robusta coffee and Arabica coffee. Physical properties analyzed were total dissolved solids by using refractometer. Sensory quality was tested by a distinctive scoring method that included aroma, taste, viscosity and color parameters. The results showed that the highest total dissolved solids were Arabica dye (43,67) compared to Robusta coffee (42,80). Instant coffee has the strongest flavor, taste and viscosity characteristics compared to coffee dyes. A strong flavor quality is owned by Arabica instant coffee. The strongest steeping quality is owned by Robusta instant coffee. High filling (condensed) is owned by Arabica type instant coffee. The color of the dark sedan is owned by Arabica instant coffee and Robusta. Keywords : Dye Coffee, Instant Coffee, Arabika, Robusta, sensory.Â

The Impact of Green Revolution Movement towards Socio-Economic Life in the Countryside

The green revolution became an icon in agricultural development in Indonesia in the early seventies to eighty. It was regarded as a savior for the agricultural sector, especially in developing countries characterized by low productivity, long plant duration, low growth, and minimal farmer's welfare. Without the green revolution, it was hard to imagine how agricultural production would have been able to feed the growing population. A prominent feature of the green revolution was the use of superior varieties included PB 5, PB 8, IR 36, IR 48, IR 54, substituted the local seeds i.e. Bengawan, Rajalele, Cianjur, Mentik that have transformed their traditional cultivation systems into the modern farming systems which marginalize a local wisdom. In terms of this has led to socio-economic changes in the rural level, especially to the functions of traditional farming tools unlike ani-ani, granaries, pestle, plow, replaced by slash, tractor and huller systems.