Agrarian Sciences Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE ON THE PLATFORM OF INNOVATIVE BIOECONOMY

Ukraine's economy is in a state of crisis caused by the war. The agricultural sector in extreme conditions is trying to fulfill its function of ensuring the food security of the state, supporting its export potential despite limited resources and logistical problems. Agrarian science in the conditions of budget funding deficit is trying to find ways to use the scientific and experimental base, developed varieties and technologies to promote the stabilization and revival of agro-industrial production in the industry and regions. Effective models of implementing the innovative potential of agrarian science on a business basis are necessary.The purpose of the study is to justify the platform of market adaptation of science to crisis conditions and the mobilization of scientific potential in the breakthrough directions of the development of the agrarian sphere on the basis of innovative bioeconomy and close cooperation between science and business.To realize the set goal, the work assessed the possibilities of integrating science and business on the platform of innovative bioeconomy in the crisis economic and legal conditions of Ukraine; the bio-ecosystem of the platform and its operational mechanism of the partnership of science and business for the implementation of joint innovation and investment projects are substantiated. For the introduction of a well-founded bioecosystem, a set of measures is proposed for the formation of a platform in the system of agrarian science on the basis of conducted tests and adopted organizational decisions based on the example of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Cooperation between agricultural science and business on the basis of the proposed public-private partnership platform ensures the mobilization of scientific potential to solve pressing issues of innovative development of agricultural production, rural areas through the creation and transfer of breakthrough and supporting bioinnovations, the production of competitive innovative agro-food products.

Scientometric vector of development

Bibliometric methods of evaluating the effectiveness of scientific activity are quite widespread in the world. When used correctly, these methods can reflect objective trends in the development of domestic and world science. To clarify the vector of editorial policy for the purpose of sustainable development of the journal among the periodicals of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation (subject “Agriculture and Forestry”), an analysis of the publication activity of the journal “Agrarian Science” for a five-year period (2019–2023) was performed.The material for the study was statistical data obtained after collecting the necessary information on the RSCI website. The data obtained were analyzed using problem-thematic and system analysis.The scientometric indicators of the journal “Agrarian Science” for the analyzed period (from 2019 to 2023) showed an overall positive trend.In September 2024, the RSCI published magazine ratings for 2023, the scientific-theoretical and industrial journal “Agrarian Science” has the following indicators: place in the overall SCIENCE INDEX ranking — 830th (among 3970 journals), percentile in the SCIENCE INDEX ranking — 21, place in the SCIENCE INDEX ranking on the topic “Agriculture and forestry” — 58th (among 220 magazines).

On the Anniversary of the Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Stanislav Ivanovich Grib

Stanislav Ivanovich Grib, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, an Honored Scientist of the Republic of Belarus, a Laureate of the State Prize of the Republic of Belarus, an Academician of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Belarus, a Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, a talented Belarusian scientist in the field of plant breeding, known in the country and abroad, the leader of the Belarusian scientific school in the area of breeding and seed production, an experienced organizer of agricultural science, turned 80 years old on August 6, 2024. He was the first in Belarus to scientifically substantiate and implement in practice a new scientific direction, that is, breeding of intensive varieties of grain crops with a yield of 10-12 t/ha of grain; developed methods for broadening genetic diversity and identifying genotypes that combine high productivity and good product quality with tolerance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors; substantiated the parameters of the model of intensive varieties; created and introduced into production systems of highly productive, resource-saving varieties of barley, triticale, and spring wheat. The results of his research have been published in more than 700 scientific works, including 12 monographs, books and textbooks. Stanislav Ivanovich is the author of eight inventions and 89 varieties of agricultural plants. Academician S.I. Grib, the leader of the scientific school of plant breeding in Belarus, trained four doctors and twelve candidates of science. S.I. Grib's achievements have been recognized abroad. He was elected a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, an Honorary Professor of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a member of the European Association of Plant Breeders (EUCARPIA), and an Honorary Doctor of the Belarusian Agricultural Academy (BSAA). Stanislav Ivanovich was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor, a diploma of the Supreme Council of the BSSR, medals and diplomas of the Exhibition of Economic Achievements, honorary diplomas of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Belarus, and the Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Agriculture.

The patent and the freezer: putting agrarian facts in their place

ABSTRACT This paper is a reflection on the growth and decline of Paraguayan scientific institutions associated with the Green Revolution. Paraguay had almost no scientific infrastructure in 1943, when American investors and politicians began a massive program to generate national expertise to fuel an export boom. This would be mirrored in the 1990s by disinvestment, personified in this paper by the demise of a vital freezer that was storing corn samples at one of the country’s primary research centers. The paper follows this story by focusing on four of the key crops of Paraguayan agrarian research: cotton, maize, wheat, and soybeans. Each of these crops in their time articulated ambivalent interests between those of the Paraguayan nation, and the global ambitions of foreign Green Revolutionaries. By showing the way that the latter interests slowly took over from the former (culminating in the patent regimes around genetically modified soybeans), the paper also traces the rising importance of “facticity” in local agrarian science.

Vasil Yakovych Yuriev: Life and scientific heritage (on the 150th anniversary of his birth)

The article discusses the main stages of life and scientific activities of the renowned and respected academician-breeder Vasyl Yakovych Yuriev. His name is inextricably linked with the activities of the Ukrainian Research Institute of Plant Breeding, Selection, and Genetics (now Yuriev Plant Production Institute of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine). It is shown that in his scientific work, Vasyl Yakovych paid special attention to the collection of initial material, the selection of parental forms for crossing, developed methods for testing hybrids and varieties at different stages of the selection process, and demonstrated the advantages of the method of selecting pure lines from local wheat populations compared to the ineffective method of mass selection. Based on this method, under his leadership, many high-yielding valuable varieties of winter and spring wheat, rye, millet, barley, and corn were developed. To study the patterns of inheritance of important valuable traits in wheat, V. Ya. Yuriev used intervarietal and interspecies crosses of the diallel type. Many studies have been conducted in the field of breeding varieties for disease and pest resistance and immunity. In recognition of his scientific achievements, the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine established the Vasyl Yakovych Yuriev Prize, which is awarded for the highest achievements in the field of selection and genetics.

Методологічні засади макроекономічного оцінювання ефективності розвитку аграрної науки

The study’s purpose is to provide a comprehensive methodology for macroeconomic assessment of the efficiency of agricultural science development. Research methods: method of system analysis, synthesis, economic and mathematical modeling. Research results. A comprehensive methodology for macroeconomic assessment of the effectiveness of agricultural science development has been developed. It has been shown that the assessment of the national economic effect of agricultural science should consider the following main factors: the general macroeconomic state of the national economy; direct impact of scientific research; the accumulated impact of scientific research; geo-economic effect of scientific research; social aspects of the organization of scientific research It has been proved that macro-evaluation of the development efficiency of agricultural science and the activities of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine should be carried out in the following sequence: analysis of the general macroeconomic situation of the national economy, the place and role of science in its development; analysis of the general state of development of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine; analysis of the national economic importance of agricultural science by intersectoral balances; analysis of the macro-efficiency of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine Scientific novelty. The methodology of macroeconomic assessment of the development efficiency of agricultural science is not just comprehensive, but it is also based on intersectoral balances and takes into account the activities of the main spending unit in this area – the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. This comprehensive approach instills confidence in its thoroughness and reliability. Practical significance. The developed methodology is based on the statistical data and is fully applicable in its current form. Macroeconomic assessments of the effectiveness of agricultural science development are suitable for comparisons over time and between other sectors of science in Ukraine and internationally. Prospects for further research are promising. They include analyzing the efficiency of the development of domestic agricultural science and developing strategic directions for improving the efficiency of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. These future research prospects should inspire optimism about the potential advancements in the field. Keywords: corporate control, economic security, integration associations, joint-stock companies, organizational and methodological support, corporate management.

РОДОВОЙ СОСТАВ И АГРЕССИВНОСТЬ ГРИБНЫХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ У ОДНОЛЕТНИХ ЦВЕТОЧНЫХ КУЛЬТУР

In the context of the development of the agro-industrial complex and the replacement of imported plant material in the Russian Federation, the development of methods and technologies for the prevention and control of diseases and pests is a priority area of agrarian science. Fungal diseases cause great damage to both vegetable and ornamental crops. Some of the most harmful phytopathogens are fungi of the genus Fusarium (Fusarium Link). The objective of the study is to identify and determine the aggressiveness of the pathogenic mycobiota complex present on annual flowering plants of the Lamiaceae Bromhead family. During immunological studies on plants, fungal pathogens from the genera Alternaria Nees, Fusarium Link, some species of Pythium spp. and representatives of lower mold fungi Penicillium Link, Mucor Fresen were identified. Based on this, a collection of the most common pathogens from the genera Alternaria (5 samples) and Fusarium (10 samples) was created. When testing the selected samples using the method of L.M. Sokolova, the strains of alternariosis did not show high pathogenicity, the damage score of the tested material was from 0.5 to 1.0. When testing the strains of fusarium, the damage score varied from 1.0 to 4.0. Based on this, only one aggressive strain FAK-7 was selected, which had a damage score of 4.0 for the tested material. This pathogenic strain was isolated from the root system of the snapdragon selection line A-5-1. This strain will be involved in the selection process to work on the resistance of snapdragon lines and varieties to root rot.

Impact of biopreparations on the phytopathological state of potato plants

Given the frequent use of chemical agents for the control of potato diseases, it is crucial to explore protective measures that consider agroecological aspects. This study aimed to determine the impact of biological preparations on the development of late blight and alternariosis in potatoes. Research on the effects of biopreparations on the main diseases of potatoes was conducted over three years under field conditions at the Volyn State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Potato Growing of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. The experimental design, disease diagnosis, and assessment of the technical efficacy of biological preparations against potato diseases were performed according to established methodologies. The experiments revealed that the application of biopreparations under various conditions leads to a reduction in the intensity of late blight and alternariosis in potatoes, as well as contributing to the preservation of yield. Lower disease development and higher efficacy of biopreparations were observed in the context where the biodestructor Ekostern (1.2 L/ha) and the biopreparation MycoHelp (2.0 L/ha) were applied, alongside three rounds of plant spraying with various biological preparations – Agat-25K, Regoplant, PhytoHelp, and Stimpo. Among these, PhytoHelp, with an application rate of 1.0 L/ha, exhibited the highest technical efficacy. The use of biological preparations in different contexts increased potato tuber yield. Specifically, with the application of MycoHelp at 2.0 L/ha and the spraying of plants with various biological agents, the preserved yield ranged from 1.71 to 2.02 t/ha. The application of biopreparations alongside the use of Ekostern at 1.2 L/ha and MycoHelp at 2.0 L/ha contributed to yield increases across various treatments, ranging from 1.6 to 2.21 t/ha. The obtained results are deemed useful for enhancing the effectiveness of the integrated protection system for potatoes against specific diseases and for developing organic cultivation technologies for table potatoes on sod-podzolic soils

Impact of biopreparations on the phytopathological state of potato plants

Given the frequent use of chemical agents for the control of potato diseases, it is crucial to explore protective measures that consider agroecological aspects. This study aimed to determine the impact of biological preparations on the development of late blight and alternariosis in potatoes. Research on the effects of biopreparations on the main diseases of potatoes was conducted over three years under field conditions at the Volyn State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Potato Growing of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. The experimental design, disease diagnosis, and assessment of the technical efficacy of biological preparations against potato diseases were performed according to established methodologies. The experiments revealed that the application of biopreparations under various conditions leads to a reduction in the intensity of late blight and alternariosis in potatoes, as well as contributing to the preservation of yield. Lower disease development and higher efficacy of biopreparations were observed in the context where the biodestructor Ekostern (1.2 L/ha) and the biopreparation MycoHelp (2.0 L/ha) were applied, alongside three rounds of plant spraying with various biological preparations – Agat-25K, Regoplant, PhytoHelp, and Stimpo. Among these, PhytoHelp, with an application rate of 1.0 L/ha, exhibited the highest technical efficacy. The use of biological preparations in different contexts increased potato tuber yield. Specifically, with the application of MycoHelp at 2.0 L/ha and the spraying of plants with various biological agents, the preserved yield ranged from 1.71 to 2.02 t/ha. The application of biopreparations alongside the use of Ekostern at 1.2 L/ha and MycoHelp at 2.0 L/ha contributed to yield increases across various treatments, ranging from 1.6 to 2.21 t/ha. The obtained results are deemed useful for enhancing the effectiveness of the integrated protection system for potatoes against specific diseases and for developing organic cultivation technologies for table potatoes on sod-podzolic soils

IN MEMORY OF DOCTOR OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, PROFESSOR SVITLANA IGNATOVA

Problem. Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor Svitlana Oleksandrivna Ignatova dedicated her entire life to several scientific institutions in Odesa: V. Ye. Tairov Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking (1964–1970), All-Union Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute (1970–1991), the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute – National Center of Seed and Cultivar Investigation (1991–1999 and 2012–2018), and the South Plant Biotechnological Center of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences (2000–2012). Her life and work were inextricably linked to the development of agricultural biotechnology in Ukraine. Aim. The purpose of our research was to honor the memory of Professor S. O. Ignatova, to highlight the main biographical data and the results of her scientific and pedagogical activities. Results. S. O. Ignatova fruitfully worked on theoretical and applied problems of agricultural crops biotechnology and was a pioneer in the use of achievements in Ukraine regarding the successful application in the selection process of the source material obtained by in vitro methods of tissue, organ and cell culture. Under the leadership of Svitlana Oleksandrivna, the principles and complete technology of accelerated production of linear varieties of barley and wheat with the use of haploproducers were developed. The barley varieties – Odessky 115th and Prairie, which were sown on a large area in Ukraine, were created using this technology. The great attention of S. O. Ignatova was devoted to the training of scientific personnel (graduate students, interns and students). Conclusions. S. O. Ignatova’s scientific legacy was a long-term fundamental research in the biotechnology of major agricultural crops, which was a significant contribution to the development of advanced areas of Ukrainian and world science. Svitlana Oleksandrivna was the author of more than 300 scientific works, including monographs, patents, scientific and methodological manuals, methodological recommendations, author’s certificates and publications in leading scientific journals. The life story of S. O. Ignatova is continued by her students, remembering the bright image of their professor – an energetic, determined and inspired woman.

Statistical data transformation in agrarian sciences for variance analysis: a systematic review

In statistical analyses, a common practice for enhancing the validity of variance analysis is the application of data transformation to convert measurements into a different mathematical scale. This technique was first employed in 1898 by Edgeworth and remains relevant in current scientific publications despite the proliferation of more modern and advanced techniques that obviate the need for certain assumptions. Data transformations, when appropriately used, can make the model error terms approximate a normal distribution. It is also possible to use the technique to correct the heterogeneity of variances or to render an additive model, ensuring the validity of the analysis of variances. Given that this technique can be hastily applied, potentially leading to erroneous or invalid results, we conducted a systematic literature review of studies in the field of agrarian sciences that utilized data transformations for the validation of analysis of variances. The aim was to check the transformations employed by the scientific community, the motivation behind their use, and to identify possible errors and inconsistencies in applying the technique in publications. In this study, we identified shortcomings and misconceptions associated with using this method, and we observed incomplete and inadequate utilization of the technique in 94.28 % of the analysed sample, resulting in misguided and erroneous conclusions in scientific research outcomes.

CORN FOR GRAIN IN CONTINUOUS GROWING UNDER DIFFERENT FERTILIZER SYSTEMS AND WEATHER CONDITIONS

On the experimental field of the Poltava State Agricultural Experimental Station named after M. I. Vavilov of the The Institute of Pig Breeding and Agro-Industrial Production of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, during 1984-2023, on typical chernozem in conditions of unstable moisture of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe, were conducted researches to study the continuous growing of corn for grain and its productivity. Precipitation is the leading factor in providing corn with available moisture in this region. Different hydrothermal conditions, especially the amount of moisture during the agricultural year and the vegetation, led to sharp fluctuations in grain yield over the years, which occurred in a wide range. The analysis of the average values ​​of corn productivity for each 10 consecutive years of conducting these studies made it possible to establish that during the first decade of observations, the dynamics of this indicator in subsequent periods took place in the paradigm of its growth, albeit at a different level. Maize grain yield and its correlation with different weather conditions and fertilization systems, regardless of the replacement of maize hybrids, ranged from direct to inverse and from low to high. Long-term application of different doses and ratios of organic and mineral fertilizers contributed to changes in both quantitative and qualitative indicators of humus in the soil. It was determined that the content of total carbon in the fertilized areas was higher by 3,0 and 3,3 relative percent compared to the unfertilized ones. Special attention was paid to the ratio between humic and fulvic acids, which directly depends on the fertilization system. The different effect of this agrotechnical measure on the amount of humus accumulation in the soil is shown. Thus, in areas without fertilizers (control), its accumulation occurs at the level of an average indicator and a weak effect of organic acids on the mineral part of the soil, while under the organo-mineral fertilization system, this process takes place intensively, and the mineral part remains almost unchanged.

Мисливствознавство та мисливські лабораторії в Україні за 100 років: трансформації ідей та інституцій

The study is devoted to the history of game management laboratories as one of the most obscure pages of Ukrainian theriology. The prerequisites for the formation of such laboratories as a system of applied research related primarily to ‘useful’ fauna are considered. These laboratories form a continuous chain of research centres that have existed in different cities. They were founded in 1929 by V. Averin in Kharkiv, developed by A. Mygulin and his followers in Zavorychi (1936–1962), K. Kopein at the fur farm in Kolo-Mykhailivka near Vinnytsia (1963–1973), and M. Evtushevsky in Cherkasy (1973–2004). The final phase was completed by two academic game management laboratories: at the Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (in 1975–1989, led by V. Kryzhaniv¬skyi) and the Institute of Forestry of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences (in 1991–2022, in Oleshky, led by I. Sheihas). The stages of research development in a series of successive transformations, in the wake of socio-political events and changes in public demands are analysed. The distinct sequence and, in fact, continuity of their existence in time (despite their movement in space) indicates a corresponding demand for them from the state, including the support of state budgetary programmes. Their tasks were constantly changing, and each period had its own specifics. The first period (Kharkiv) was supposed to put the system of survey, monitoring, and rational use of game resources on a scientific basis, as well as to streamline and direct the work of hunting communities. The second phase (‘Zavorychi’) was focused on providing the state with the necessary amount of fur for the needs of international trade and (undoubtedly) the military. The third phase remains the most obscure and is most likely associated with the formation of elite hunting grounds. The fourth phase (Cherkasy) was characterised by increased attention to fur farming and a waning interest in hunting as such. The fifth phase (Kyiv and Oleshky) was characterised by a cooperation with the State Committee of Forestry, the Ukrainian Society of Hunters and Fishermen, and certain (elite) farms. It is shown that the origins of many well-known scientific schools in Ukraine are related to hunting practices and that game management laboratories became leaders in developing action plans to maintain populations of game animals.

From crisis to recovery: scientific endeavors of the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of the NAAS of Ukraine in minimizing the consequences of the Chornobyl accident

The participation of scientists from the Institute of Agroecology and Nature Management of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine in mitigating and minimizing the consequences of the Chornobyl disaster during 1986–2024 is elucidated. It is demonstrated that the history of the development of radioecological research at the Institute originates from the early days following the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident. Actually, from this time onwards, the monitoring of radiation in agricultural lands affected by accidents has begun. One of the most crucial directions of work during this period was conducting of aerial and ground radiation reconnaissance. Active efforts were made in radioecological monitoring and dosimetric control of the population. The radioactive contamination of the territory was analyzed based on landscape, basin, and landscape-geochemical principles, upon which maps of radiation contamination of the territory for 137Cs, 90Sr, and 94Pu were compiled. During the remote period of Chornobyl disaster aftermath, the team of the unit was engaged in developing countermeasures for various types of economic activities in conditions of radioactive contamination, taking into account modern trends in the development of the natural-economic complex and new economic conditions based on landscape-ecological approach. Analysis of the results of scientific activities of the institution’s staff indicates that during the post-accident period, the team of radioecologists gathered and systematized significant volumes of information, which were transformed into various databases, cartographic materials, mathematical models, methodological recommendations, regulations, drafts of normative documents, and so forth. Information was provided on the contribution of the Institute’s employees to the development of radioecology, restoration of agricultural production on radioactively contaminated lands, and rehabilitation of territories affected by the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident. Furthermore, contemporary radioecological problems and threats posed by the full-scale military aggression of Russia against Ukraine were outlined, including its violation of all seven principles of radiation safety, as well as potential radiation-related hazards in the future.

DURATION OF PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY OF SOWS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ADAPTATION AND VIABILITY

The work aimed to investigate the reproductive qualities of sows of different levels of adaptation and viability. The research was carried out in the conditions of the breeding breeder for breeding pigs of the large white breed of the experimental farm and the laboratory of animal husbandry and fodder production of the Institute of Agriculture of the Northeast of the National Academy of Sciences, as well as the laboratory of animal husbandry of the State University “Institute of Grain Crops of the National Academy of Sciences”. The work was carried out by the program of scientific research of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine No. 31, “Genetic improvement of agricultural animals, their reproduction and preservation of biodiversity” (“Genetics, conservation, and reproduction of biological resources in animal husbandry”) and No. 30 “System of organizational and technological solutions for adaptation of animals to climate change for the production of animal husbandry products (“Climate-adaptive and organic animal husbandry”). The object of the study was sows of a large white breed of French origin. The evaluation of the animals of the specified production group by indicators of reproductive qualities was carried out taking into account the following characteristics: total farrowing, live piglets total, weight, fertility, weight, milk yield, kg; weight of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg, preservation, %. The viability index was calculated according to the method of V. P. Kovalenko et al. (2012), index “level of adaptation” – Smirnova V.S. (2003), selection index of reproductive qualities of the sow (SIRQS) – O. M. Tsereniuka et al. (2010). It was established that the difference between sows of different adaptation levels by age and fertile insemination is (17.0 days; td=2.70), life span (17.0 months; td=9.04), the number of farrowing obtained (3.3 of farrowing; td=13.20), the number of live piglets obtained (46.2 head.; td=10.52), multifertility (1.2 head; td=4.00), litter weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days (3.5 kg; td=3.21). Animals of the specified production group with a viability index variability of 90.75-144.55 points prevailed over peers with a viability index of 39.75-77.46 points in terms of age and fertile insemination, number of live piglets obtained, multifertility, nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days and conservation by an average of 11.43%. The correlation between life expectancy, duration of breeding use, signs of reproductive qualities of sows, and indices of "adaptation level" (RA) and viability (I) ranges from –0.758±0.0371 (tr=20.45) to +0.859 ±0.0228 (tr=37.62). The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from sows of the 1st experimental group of intrabreed differentiation according to the index "level of adaptation" (+3.31%) and according to the viability index (+11.24%), and its value is +155.80 and +529.08 hryvnias obtained from 1 animal for one farrowing.

Statistical data transformation in agrarian sciences for variance analysis: a systematic review

In statistical analyses, a common practice for enhancing the validity of variance analysis is the application of data transformation to convert measurements into a different mathematical scale. This technique was first employed in 1898 by Edgeworth and remains relevant in current scientific publications despite the proliferation of more modern and advanced techniques that obviate the need for certain assumptions. Data transformations, when appropriately used, can make the model error terms approximate a normal distribution. It is also possible to use the technique to correct the heterogeneity of variances or to render an additive model, ensuring the validity of the analysis of variances. Given that this technique can be hastily applied, potentially leading to erroneous or invalid results, we conducted a systematic literature review of studies in the field of agrarian sciences that utilized data transformations for the validation of analysis of variances. The aim was to check the transformations employed by the scientific community, the motivation behind their use, and to identify possible errors and inconsistencies in applying the technique in publications. In this study, we identified shortcomings and misconceptions associated with using this method, and we observed incomplete and inadequate utilization of the technique in 94.28% of the analysed sample, resulting in misguided and erroneous conclusions in scientific research outcomes.

What does agricultural science need today?

The article presents some key points of agricultural science existence in the world during the post-pandemic period, the intensive development of digitalization, and the deployment of artificial intelligence. The industry's development is coupled with interdisciplinary sciences, enabling the creation of future scenarios for successful implementation into practice. With tremendous advancement, agricultural science still faces challenges and problems such as outdated agricultural machinery and poor infrastructure in many developing countries. On a global scale, the science addresses sustainable development, soil fertility improvement, and biodiversity conservation in the face of climate change.Many of the solutions to the man-made problems that have been created lead to strong education and reskilling of people on the principle of "life-long learning". Through such approaches, the economic component of agriculture will grow. From the point of view of the research environment, it is necessary to expand research topics in order to close the weak links in the “human-nature” chain. The achievements of agrarian science should find practical application at the local level, involving "farmer-official-scientist" collaboration. There are now many communities, workshops, and platforms promoting educational and practical goals for better agricultural science, combating hunger, nutritious food, and climate change, where one can express personal perspectives and hear from professionals. These events are supported by international organizations such as the United Nations and UNDP, which give a special role to women working in agrarian spheres in order to develop the necessary qualities for practicing agrarian science. Present opportunities have the potential to advance agrarian sciences, drawing from the experiences of advanced countries and adapting them to local conditions, opportunities, and mentalities, with the aim of ensuring high-quality and stable grain production for human food demands.

Comparative analysis of publication activity of the journal “Agrarian Science” for 2022–2023

To increase the rating, publication activity and quality of published research of the journal «Agrarian Science», some indicators of the journal’s publication activity for 2022 are presented and an assessment of its change for the period 2022-2023 is given in this article. During this period, the composition of the editorial board has significantly expanded, which has a positive effect on the capabilities of the board and will expand the coverage of scientific fields published in the journal. In 2022 and 2023, 248 scientific articles were published in the journal “Agricultural Science” in four sections presented in the journal (“Agronomy”, “Animal Science and Veterinary”, “Agroengineering and Food Technologies”, “Economics”). The average number of authors in 2023 decreased by 0.5 — from 3.7 to 3.2. A decrease in this indicator positively indicates an increase in the “weigh” of each author in the article. Publication activity of foreign authors decreased from 12 to 6%. To return and increase the level of publication activity in foreign languages, measures will be taken to attract foreign scientists to publications. Over the period 2022–2022, the average number of citations in bibliographic lists of scientific articles increased from 17.0 to 17.2. We will increase this indicator to increase the scientific credibility of published studies.

Efficiency of weed control in winter pea in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Purpose. To analyze the features of weed control in winter pea in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted at the Salyvonky State Enterprise of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region) in 2020–2023. The agronomic practices used in the experiment were conventional for the zone of insufficient moisture of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine, with the exception of the studied elements. Results. The development of the concept of autumn weed control for winter pea from requires a fairly competent selection of herbicides, taking into account weather forecasts, the specifics of the effect of active substances on weeds and cultivated plants, etc., as conditions for sowing winter pea do not allow to effectively apply conventional weed control system with the use of soil tillage and, if necessary, the limited application of herbicides during the vegetation season. This is explained by the fact that the terms for soil preparation and sowing are quite limited, and soil herbicides at high air temperatures work unpredictably and have limited efficiency in case of moisture deficit. Herbicide Corum, developed by combination of active substances bentazone (480 g/l) and imazomox (22 g/l), had better indicators in terms of total efficiency at an increased application rate (1.5 l/ha) – 92.9% in the BBCH 12 and 91.7% in the BBCH 14. At the same time, the efficiency of an application rate of 1.25 l/ha was within 80%. The latter is probably related not only to the autumn conditions of application of the [reparation, but also to the fact that such species as Fumaria officinalis, Sinapis arvensis, Solanum nigrum and thistles sprouted later, when the main mass of weeds was already in a development stage that was less sensitive to low rates of the herbicide. Conclusions. The application of Corum herbicide in the BBCH 12 at an application rate of 1.25 l/ha contributed to the destruction of 73.8% and an application rate of 1.5 l/ha resulted in 86.7% of weeds. When the herbicide was applied in BBCH 14, the total efficiency of crop treatment at an application rate of 1.25 l/ha was higher by 2.4% and at a rate of 1.5 l/ha it was higher by 1.2% compared to application in the BBCH 12. This is due to the fact that Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Polygonum convolvulus, Persicaria maculosa, Solanum nigrum, Polygonum lapathifolium and thistles sprouted in the pea crops, and the herbicide was highly effective against them. On the other hand, weed plants that sprouted earlier continued to vegetate and were already less sensitive even to increased application rates of herbicide. The application of the maximum recommended application rates was, for the most part, the most effective measure to reduce the number of weeds in winter pea crops. At the same time, such rates affected crop plants, causing stress, especially in the late periods of growth and development, which further affected the formation of pea yield. Therefore, the use of herbicides in the late phases of crop development should be avoided.

Improving the technical device for washing root-and-tuber crops

BACKGROUND: Achievements of agrarian science ensure the competitive development of agricultural production. The key place in solving the problems of which is occupied by technologies and machines of the agro-industrial sector. One of the main directions of the functioning of agriculture is animal husbandry, in particular the feeding of livestock and poultry. An increase in the output per each feed unit is facilitated with preparing them for feeding, including washing and chopping root-and-tuber crops as the most important component of the diet of farm animals. Improvement of these technical devices helps to improve the quality indicators of their operation. AIM: Improving the device for washing root-and-tuber crops with the new patent-worthy technical solution. METHODS: Study of the state of the issue on this topic using a literature sources review. Patent search for technical devices for washing root-and-tuber crops. Studying the principle of their operation and design features. Analysis and generalization of the information obtained for the implementation of the new design solution. RESULTS: A study of the state of the issue of preparing root-and-tuber crops for feeding to farm animals, the conducted patent search and analysis of the studied material revealed that the existing devices for washing root-and-tuber crops do not meet the requirements. The main disadvantage is the low quality of the technological process performed. The use of a number of physical phenomena, such as gravity, friction, pressure, the interaction of fluid (air or water) with the material being processed, made it possible to solve the complex technical problem of creating a technical device at a whole new level. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, based on the adopted technical solutions, the device for washing root-and-tuber crops has been improved at the level of patentability, which makes it possible to improve the quality of processing of root-and-tuber crops, including stabilizing the process of their unloading from the device.