Agra Region Research Articles

Impact of Kinnow Production on the Socio-economic Conditions of Farmers in the Agra Region

The cultivation of Kinnow, a hybrid mandarin fruit, in the Agra region has significantly impacted the socio-economic conditions of local farmers. This study examines the effects of Kinnow production on farmer livelihoods in 10 selected villages within the Agra district. Data collected from 100 Kinnow-growing farmers revealed that the crop contributes substantially to income generation, improving the financial stability of farmers. Factors such as landholding size, access to credit, and market linkages influence the profitability of Kinnow orchards. Despite challenges like market fluctuations and environmental conditions, the introduction of Kinnow has provided an alternative source of income for farmers in a semi-arid region. Additionally, this study outlines the costs involved in establishing and maintaining Kinnow orchards, highlighting the initial high investments required, followed by a significant return as orchards mature. The findings suggest that Kinnow production is a viable and profitable agricultural enterprise that can contribute to both economic growth and social development in the region.

A new isolate of mungbean yellow mosaic India virus in Vigna mungo L. reported from a Dayalbagh field, Agra.

Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) plants showing yellow mosaic symptoms during 2019-2022 crop seasons were collected randomly from a Dayalbagh field, Agra Region of Uttar Pradesh, India. Total genomic DNA was isolated from the infected leaf samples by the Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method and subjected to PCR. After viral confirmation, the viral genome was amplified by rolling circle amplification following the standard protocol. The DNA A and DNA B subgenomes were cloned individually as a PstI and BamHI fragment in the pUC18 vector. Positive clones were subjected to DNA sequencing. The results revealed that DNA A and DNA B show the closest nucleotide identity with "mungbean yellow mosaic India virus-[Mungbean], DNA-A, the complete sequence" (GeneBank Accession No AF416742.1) with 98.14% identity, and "mungbean yellow mosaic India virus isolate Mu1-Dholi segment DNA-B, the complete sequence" (GeneBank Accession No MW814723.1) with 97.94% identity, respectively. The new isolate of mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) shows sequence similarity with the coat protein gene of various strains of MYMIV. In the new isolate of MYMIV, a point mutation wasobserved at the 2036th nucleotide of DNA B, which disrupts the reading frame to introduce a stop codon and thus leading to a decrease in the size of the movement protein gene. In the present study we are reporting the whole genome sequence of the MYMIV Dayalbagh isolate for the first time.

Response of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on yield and economics of Indian Mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) under climatic conditions of Agra region

Response of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on yield and economics of Indian Mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) under climatic conditions of Agra region

Macro and microscopic examination of ovarian pathologies in abattoir samples of buffalo of Agra region, Uttar Pradesh, India

The present study was aimed to assess the type and prevalence of gross and microscopic lesions in ovaries of buffaloes obtained from abattoir. The prevalence of abnormalities of uterus were highest (17.02%; 181 samples) followed by ovaries (7.98%; 85 samples) among ten different types of anatomic abnormalities with overall prevalence of 29.83% (317/1062). Among the 85 ovarian lesions, the most observed lesions were sub active ovaries (34.11%), par ovarian cyst (20%), ovarobursal adhesion (20%), and cystic ovary (20%). To decipher ovarian hypofunction and other abnormalities, per-rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography is used with variable degree of success to diagnose unilateral small sized pathological affections. In addition to visualize reproductive organs, ultrasonography also helpful to assess morphotype, localization, number, and size as well as shape of internal formations. The project sought to procure basic data for further investigation that would enable providing scientific support for methods to boost production through full utilization of the bubaline genetic potential.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF AMPHIBIAN (ANURA) BIODIVERSITY AT THREE SELECTED SITES IN RELATION TO PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF YAMUNA RIVER AGRA

Present paper illustrates the water quality of Yamuna River from the Agra at various locations. Water samples were collected from three sites (Poia ghat, Bainpur Reserve forest and Taj Nature Walk) of Agra region, during months March to November . Samples were taken to the laboratory and examine, just then to observe the Amphibian species especially (Anura), few specific Anurans were found on the spot then monitored of them. Mainly observed that the impact of water quality on Anurans and studied that changes on their existence and also richness at breeding sites. Water analysis was also done for the parameters such as CO2, Alkalinity, Chlorides, magnesium Mg, Na Sodium. Thus finding of such research reflects that the water quality of river Yamuna is so poor condition also harmful for all living things.

Response of Sulphur and Zinc on Yield and Economics of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)

The present study aimed to highlights the response of Sulphur and Zinc on Yield and Economics of Pearl Millet. (Pennisetum glaucum L.). Pearl milet and lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) are very important crops in the Agra region of Uttar Pradesh for their contribution to human and animal nutrition as components of cropping system and as restorers of soil fertility. A field experiment was conducted during Zaid season of 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. The treatments consist of Sulphur 20,30,40 kg/ha and zinc 5, 10, 15 kg/ha. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%) available N (163.42 kg/ha), available P (21.96 kg/ha) and available K (256.48 kg/ha). Results revealed, that the higher grain yield (40.95 q/ha) and higher stover yield (40.95 q/ha) were significantly influenced with application of Sulphur 40 kg/ha +Zinc 15 kg/ha. Higher gross returns (INR 92145.00/ha), higher net returns (INR 62365.00/ha) and higher B:C ratio (2.09) were also recorded in treatment-9 (Sulphur 40 kg/ha +Zinc 15 kg/ha). The findings are based on one season therefore; further trials may be required for further confirmation.

Pattern of Fatal Injuries Sustained by Two-Wheeler Riders Due to Road Traffic Mishap in Agra Region

Pattern of Fatal Injuries Sustained by Two-Wheeler Riders Due to Road Traffic Mishap in Agra Region

Factors influence or inhibit the purchase intention towards rooftop solar: Using structural equation modeling and importance performance map analysis approach

The increasing affordability of solar technology in India will lead to solar segment expansion in the future. To demonstrate this adoption factor specifically, this study examines the factors that contribute to rooftop solar adoption in the Agra region containing Technology readiness, attitudes, and purchase intentions along with moderators (Macro-environmental factors, and usage). We used the Importance Performance Map Analysis technique and recruited 225 individuals (n = 103 women, n = 122 males) for this study. The findings demonstrate that purchasing intentions toward rooftop solar are strongly influenced by attitude, which in turn is directly impacted by innovativeness. Additionally, the perceptions of each gender group in the Agra region of important macro-environmental factors impacting rooftop solar adoption differ based on the users' economic status and their experiences with rooftop solar. Surprisingly, researchers discovered that the millennial generation's adoption of rooftop solar in the Agra region was unaffected by gender or age. Lastly, Implications, Limitations, and Future directions have been discussed.

Dengue infection in Agra region, Uttar Pradesh: An observational study of seroprevalence, clinicoepidemiological profile, and serotype of dengue virus from tertiary care center

Background: Dengue is the most widespread mosquito-borne viral infection, found in tropical and subtropical climates worldwide. The World Health Organization has included dengue as one of the 10 threats to global health in 2019 with rapidly evolving epidemiology. Aims and Objectives: Given the limitation of data in regard to dengue burden, we have planned the present study with the objectives to provide a comprehensive overview of the seroprevalence, clinicoepidemiological profile, and serotype of dengue virus in Agra region of Uttar Pradesh. Materials and Methods: We conducted an observational study at viral diagnostic and research laboratory, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, from August to December 2021. Our study included all blood specimens received at virology laboratory from clinically suspected cases of dengue infection. For the identification of serotype, NS1-positive samples were sent to King Georges Medical University, Lucknow. For clinical-epidemiological profile of dengue positive patients, data were obtained from records of 203 patients from our hospital. Results: We received total of 5457 serum samples from suspected patients for dengue serology during the study period. In total, positivity rate was 27.29% (1489/5457) and peak of cases was reported in month of October. Median age of dengue positive cases was 17 years. Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHS) was diagnosed in almost 41% of patients of 203 patients admitted in our hospital. DEN-2 was reported to be most common serotype (97.1%). In our analsyis, we found that in most patients fall in platelets levels below 50,000 happened during the 5th and 6th day in Dengue fever. Conclusion: We conclude that our study showed higher seroprevalence of dengue in Agra region with the age group of 0–20 years being infected most. DEN-2 was most prevalent circulating strain, which leads to more severe dengue infection.

Temporal and Spatial Variations of Satellite-Based Aerosol Optical Depths, Angstrom Exponent, Single Scattering Albedo, and Ultraviolet-Aerosol Index over Five Polluted and Less-Polluted Cities of Northern India: Impact of Urbanization and Climate Change

It is widely acknowledged that factors such as population growth, urbanization's quick speed, economic growth, and industrialization all have a role in the atmosphere's rising aerosol concentration. In the current work, we assessed and discussed the findings of a thorough analysis of the temporal and spatial variations of satellite-based aerosol optical parameters such as Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Angstrom Exponent (AE), Single Scattering Albedo (SSA), and Ultraviolet-Aerosol Index (UV-AI), and their concentration have been investigated in this study over five polluted and less-polluted cities of northern India during the last decade 2011–2020. The temporal variation of aerosol optical parameters for AOD ranging from 0.2 to 1.8 with decadal mean 0.86 ± 0.36 for Patna region shows high value with a decadal increasing trend over the study area due to rise in aerosols combustion of fossil fuels, huge vehicles traffic, and biomass over the past ten years. The temporal variation of AE ranging from 0.3 to 1.8 with decadal mean 1.72 ± 0.11 for Agra region shows high value as compared to other study areas, which indicates a comparatively higher level of fine-mode aerosols at Agra. The temporal variation of SSA ranging from 0.8 to 0.9 with decadal mean 0.92 ± 0.02 for SSA shows no discernible decadal pattern at any of the locations. The temporal variation of UV-AI ranging from -1.01 to 2.36 with decadal mean 0.59 ± 0.06 for UV-AI demonstrates a rising tendency, with a noticeable rise in Ludhiana, which suggests relative dominance of absorbing dust aerosols over Ludhiana. Further, to understand the impact of emerging activities, analyses were done in seasonality. For this aerosol climatology was derived for different seasons, i.e., Winter, Pre-Monsoon, Monsoon, and Post-Monsoon. High aerosol was observed in Winter for the study areas Patna, Delhi, and Agra which indicated the particles major dominance of burning aerosol from biomass; and the worst in Monsoon and Post-Monsoon for the Tehri Garhwal and Ludhiana study areas which indicated most of the aerosol concentration is removed by rainfall. After that, we analyzed the correlation among all the parameters to better understand the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of aerosols over the selected region. The value of r for AOD (550 nm) for regions 2 and 1(0.80) shows a strong positive correlation and moderately positive for the regions 3 and 1 (0.64), mostly as a result of mineral dust carried from arid western regions. The value of r for AE (412/470 nm) for region 3 and (0.40) shows a moderately positive correlation, which is the resultant of the dominance of fine-mode aerosol and negative for the regions 5 and 1 (− 0.06). The value of r for SSA (500 nm) for regions 2 and 1 (0.63) shows a moderately positive correlation, which explains the rise in big aerosol particles, which scatters sun energy more efficiently, and the value of r for UV-AI for regions 1 and 2 shows a strong positive correlation (0.77) and moderately positive for the regions 3 and 1 (0.46) which indicates the absorbing aerosols present over the study region.

Personality Traits, Mentoring and Effectual Logic of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy: Implications on Potential Entrepreneurs

The intent of this study is to address the role of personality traits, mentoring and the effectual logic of entrepreneurial self-efficacy of potential entrepreneurs. In many research on the psychology of the potential entrepreneurs found that personality traits from the big five personality system namely Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism and generalized self-efficacy individual belief to perform in every situations. In search of role of mentoring, personality traits on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy is defined as the strength of the individual’s belief that he or she capable of successfully performing any task of the entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial Self efficacy consist of five dimensions namely marketing, innovation, finance-control, management, risk taking. Here we conduct a study on the potential entrepreneurs- students those are being trained and have shown their interest in perusing entrepreneurship. We found that potential entrepreneurs have high self-efficacy in marketing, management and financial control. It was also found that if we identified potential entrepreneurs, resources can be channeled and more effectively. This study investigated the relationships of personality traits, mentoring, and effectual logic on entrepreneurial self-efficacy as established in the past researches. The study uses purposive sampling. The data used is both primary and secondary. The primary data has been collected from 57 entrepreneurial students across Agra region. For collecting primary data used self-constructed questionnaire which has been tested for reliability and validity using principal components analysis and content validity check by the experts. The qualitative data from 25 respondents has also been collected using interview method. The correlation and regression analysis has been used. The findings of the quantitate data suggest that personality traits are positively related to entrepreneurial self-efficacy but around there is no relationship among mentoring and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. It is affected by the factors like the type, size of class, mentor and duration of mentoring session and the liberty they get by the mentors. Here, the problems posed by the current competitive situations which affect the start-up businesses. A significant relationship was found between effectual logic and entrepreneurial self-efficacy.

Pattern of resistance to second line anti-tuberculosis drugs and associated risk factors among multidrug-resistant patients of pulmonary tuberculosis from Agra region of Uttar Pradesh, North India

Present study was aimed to determine the status of second-line anti-TB drug resistance and risk factorsfor extensively drug-resistance (XDR)-tuberculosis among multi-drug resistant (MDR)-tuberculosis patients from Agra region of Uttar Pradesh, North India.A total of 279 MDR-Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from pulmonary tuberculosis patients of Agra region of Uttar Pradesh were analyzed for the resistance to second-line anti-TB drugs (SLDs). The demographic, behavioral, clinical and social information was compared with the results of drug susceptibility testing and analyzed statistically. Out of 279 MDR-isolates, 195 (69.89%) isolates were found resistant to at least one of the SLDs. The rates of general resistance to each of the drugs were as follows: kanamycin (42.29%), amikacin (17.92%), levofloxacin (40.14%) and ofloxacin (51.97%). Among the MDR-TB isolates, 53.76, 43.01 and 26.88% isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolone, second line injectable drugs and XDR, respectively. Among the demographic/ clinical variables, occupation, gender and number of family members were associated with the development of XDR-TB in MDR-TB patients of Agra region of Uttar Pradesh(P value: <0.05).Present study has provided baseline information about the risk factors associated with SLDs resistance and XDRamong MDR-TB patients which can be useful to strengthen the implementation of targeted interventions in order to minimize the cases of drug resistance tuberculosis in Uttar Pradesh, North India.

Application of water quality index and multivariate statistical techniques for assessment of water quality around Yamuna River in Agra Region, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract In this research, water quality index and multivariate statistical techniques were carried out on 14 water quality parameters collected quarterly (four times/year) from nine water sources in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, for one year (May 2019–April 2020). The water quality parameters included are the concentration of hydrogen ions (pH), Electrical Conductivity, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness, Total Alkalinity, Calcium, Sulphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Iron, COD, DO, and BOD. The water samples collected show that the mean values of physicochemical parameters are in the range set by WHO and BIS except for hardness in summer (1,680 mg/L), monsoon (832.22 mg/L), winter (1,876.66 mg/L), spring (1,535.55 mg/L); TDS in summer (1,000.33 mg/L), monsoon (683.44 mg/L), winter (1,087.66 mg/L), spring (776.66 mg/L); and sulphate in summer (927.22 mg/L), monsoon (446.77 mg/L), winter (925.77 mg/L), spring (944.88 mg/L), which indicate bad quality of water. The WQI values were calculated for three locations in different weather conditions. WQI values in summer, winter and spring are 630.90, 279.61, 279.91, showing that the river water is not suitable for drinking purposes whereas the WQI value in monsoon is 75.89, showing that water is fit for drinking purposes due to the dilution of the river water. A moderate positive correlation was observed for turbidity with total hardness, iron, total alkalinity, and sulphate. Negative correlation was observed with pH. Moderate correlation was seen with TDS–EC (0.608), TDS–Alkalinity (0.7794), EC–Ca (0.723), and strong correlation was observed for BOD–DO (0.941) and Ca–Mg (0.999). Principal component analysis revealed that five factors were significant (eigenvalue > 0.5) with total variance of 39.43%–85.19% respectively. The ICP-MS study of water samples from point sources indicate the presence of Ni2+, Cr6+, Co2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ ions at higher concentrations.

ETHNO BOTANICAL APPROACHES, PHARMACOLOGICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL BENEFITS OF GENUS SIDA USED IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINES

The four species of Sida genus viz: Sida cordifolia L., Sida acuta Burm. f., Sida cordata Burm. f. and Sida rhombifolia L. are medicinal herbs plants reported for its used in Indian system of traditional medicines of Ayurveda and Siddha. The main objective of the review is to deliver detailed information on botanical descriptions, traditional uses, ethno medicinal benefits, pharmacological activities and meaningful knowledge on these plants for future research. Plants were collected from Agra region and identified by RARI, Jhansi, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India for exact information. Scientific literature collected from journals, books and libraries, electronic sources like PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer, Scopus and major search engines to obtain get relevant information. Several parts of Sida plants used by the traditional system of herbal medicine which are traditionally used in diarrhea, leucorrhoea, gonorrhea, asthma, wheezing, fever, cold, flu, headache, weight loss, sexual strength, hair strength, hypertension, diuretic, piles, ulcer, cancer, aphrodisiac, rheumatism, urinary, venereal, skin, respiratory and heart diseases. Pharmacological activity viz: antioxidant, antibacterial, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-diabetic property are present, and rich in saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, coronaric acid, coumarins, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and ethno medicinal property. This review will serve as a database to provide knowledgeful information about the medicinal significance, traditional uses, ethno medicinal and ethno pharmacological benefits and contribution of Sida plant

A study on chromium accumulation in Labeo rohita in the river Yamuna ecosystem in Mathura-Agra region in Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract:
 The present study revealed the chromium toxicity and its health measures in L. rohita from the Yamuna river at Mathura- Agra region. Samples were taken in triplicate from both sites i.e. Vrindavan (Bihar ghat) and Agra (Renuka Ghat). The study was carried out on Four different organs (i.e. gills, muscles, liver, and kidney) of the fish sample. The sampling was done from Oct 2018 to January 2020. Chromium concentration in different organs of the fish was analyzed by Atomic absorption spectrophotometer(AAS). The average Cr concentration in gills was highest (9.64 mg/l) at the Mathura site followed byAgra sites (7.78 mg/l) for the month of April 2019. The concentration of Cr was highest in samples taken in the month of April 2019 and it was lowest in October 2018. The significantly high Cr concentration values were observed in the Mathura region than the Agra region for both seasons. In all samples, Cr concentration was above the standards stated by WHO except in the Kidney. In the present study, the bioaccumulation factor showed the chromium concentration in the tissues followed the order of gill > liver > muscle > kidney. HPI, MQI, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis were also done in which HPI was observed very high and there was a positive correlation between all the samples.
 
 Keywords: Chromium, BCF, HPI, MQI, AAS, Fish Organs

Health Related Quality of Life of Children Infected with HIV in Agra Region, India

Objective and Methods: HIV specific health related quality of life (HRQOL) instrument based on PedQLTM4.0 generic scale was prepared and named HIV-QOL. It was validated and used to evaluate HRQOL in HIV infected children in an observational,crossectional study conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, India.
 Results:Cronbach’s alpha score > 0.7,supported acceptable internal consistency of the instrument.The correlation coefficient of more than 0.8 indicated that the instrument was valid for application. Study included 40 HIV infected children between age 8 to 18 years.Their mean scores were calculated in all four domains (viz physical, social, emotional and school functioning) and comparison of HRQOL scores was done with respect to various social and demographic parameters. CD4 counts, clinical stage of the disease and living status of the parents and anti retroviral therapy (ART) had significant influence on the HRQOL scores.
 Conclusion: HIV QOL is a valid instrument to assess the health related quality of life of HIV infected children in India. It can help in assessing their health status, as well as in evaluating the impact of various medical and social programmes aimed at improving their quality of life.

Response of fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) to levels of sulphur in alluvial soil

It may be concluded from the results that a significantly beneficial effect on sorghum could be achieved by the application of sulphur in the light textured soils of Agra region, Uttar Pradesh.

Problems which were facing the local rice crop farmers in Agra region and its relationship with some variables

The study aims to define the problems facing rice farmers in Aqra, as well as to identify the relationship between the problems and each of the independent variables (age, educational level, cultivated area, number of working years). The final research sample reached (100) respondents excluding the sample of pre-test of (20) respondents, data were collected by means of the questionnaire form which consisted of two parts, the first of which, the independent variables studied, and included the second part, the dependent variable and included (30) problems, and the validity of the form was confirmed by presenting it to specialists in agricultural extension and was distributed to a sample A preliminary (pre-test) to ensure its reliability.
 The results of the study showed that the highest problem take the first rank was (the lack of support and interest of the state in the crop and rice growers) and the least problem was (the lack of modern techniques used to harvest the rice crop), and the study showed a significant correlation between the problems and each of the following variables, age ,The educational level, the cultivated area, the number of working years, and the researchers recommended the need to address the problems facing the farmers through appropriate treatments for each problem as well as the state's interest in farmers by providing their requirements and needs And support them financially and morally.

Compost Role in the Reducement of Saline Soil in Agra Region

Compost Role in the Reducement of Saline Soil in Agra Region

A comparative study of academic achievement between the girl players and non-player girls of Kendriya Vidyalaya of Agra region

This research study was led with the sole purpose of comparing the academic achievement of girl players and non-player girls Kendriya Vidyalaya school of Agra Region. Prime objective of the study was to compare and asses the girl players and non-player girls Kendriya Vidyalaya schools of Agra Region. To conduct this study in total 10 Kendriya Vidyalaya schools were selected from Agra region. This study was conducted through survey research design. overall, 100 samples were selected as subject through random sampling method out of which 50 were Girl players and 50 were non player Girl’s studying in the different Kendriya Vidyalaya schools of Agra Region. All the students selected for study were ranging from 15 yrs. to 19 yrs. And were studying in class 9th to 12th. the data was collected thorough survey method by using a self-constructed data inventory sheet. For analysing the data, the descriptive statistics i.e., Mean and standard deviation along with independent t-test were employed. The findings of this research study suggest that there is no significant difference in academic achievement the girl players and non-player girls Kendriya Vidyalaya schools of Agra Region (U.P.).