Agni Karma Research Articles

A review article on the managements of Arshas (haemorrhoids)

A haemorrhoid is the most common affecting up to one quarter of all adults according to some estimates. Numerous interventions exist for their management, ranging from topical and medical therapies to outpatient treatments and surgical interventions that aim to fix or excise. The word Arsha is self-explanatory, indicating that the disease troubles a person like an enemy. Arshas can be corelated to haemorrhoids in modern science. Arshas is clinically an engorged condition of haemorrhoidal venous plexus characterized by prolapsed mass per anum, bleeding per anum mainly. In contemporary science there are treatments for haemorrhoids like sclerotherapy, banding, laser ablation, lifestyle modifications, surgical procedures like haemorrhoidectomy and other invasive technique. In Ayurvedic tests Chaturvidha Chikitsa is said, such as Bheshaja (medicinal), Kshara Karma (caustic treatment), Agni Karma (thermal hear burn) and Shastra Karma (surgery). In this review article, treatments from modern as well as Ayurvedic texts are documented so that proctologists around the world get a better understanding about the disease and its exact treatment modalities in both the sciences.

Evaluation of Add on Efficacy of Agni Karma with Siravyadha in Pain Management of Gridhrasi W.S.R to Sciatica-A Randomized Comparative Clinical Study

Evaluation of Add on Efficacy of Agni Karma with Siravyadha in Pain Management of Gridhrasi W.S.R to Sciatica-A Randomized Comparative Clinical Study

A review study on Agni karma and Ksha akarma in the management of Garbha Saya Grivamukhagata Vrana (cervical erosion)

Purpose: To review the effectiveness of Agni karma and Ksha akarma in the management of Garbha Saya grivamukhagata vrana (Cervical Erosion). Material and Methods: All the research studies from 2002 to 2024 related to concerned topic collected from electronic data base and journals both online and offline. The procured data were studied in details and scientific review was done. Results: On reviewing the previous works it is found that maximum studies were done on Agnikarma by shalaka having vrana shodhana, ropana andprasadana properties. Though Ksharakarma also yielded good results but comparatively fewer studies were found. Discussion: Cervical erosion warrants urgent attention of the gynecologists as it affects the patient’s reproductive health and psychology. Modern treatment for cervical erosion is cauterization and cryosurgery which have many complications such as bleeding per vagina, cervical incompetence, secondary infertility etc. So Agnikarma and Ksharakarma can be better alternative for effective treatment of cervical erosion Conclusion: All the research works mainly were targeted for finding a best Shodhana and Ropana drugs for cervical erosion. All works were carried out on Bahya parimarjana (external application). This facilitates drugs effect for early and uncomplicated wound healing.

A REVIEW ON MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES OF ARSHA (HAEMORRHOIDS) AS PER ACHARAYA CHARAKA

Arshas (Haemorrhoids) is one of the ano rectal diseases that affects Gudapradesha (ano rectal region), Arsh is also mentioned in Astha Mahagada (8 Major disorders). haemorrhoid is one of the most prevalent illnesses that significantly lowers living quality of life. Many people in the world are suffering from this disease, this illness can strike any age group and affect both men and women. The primary causes of piles are unusual diet (junk food, lack of fibre diet and more intake spicy food) and lifestyle (inactive occupation and lack of exercise). Mental stress may potentially be the cause of Arsha. Many treatment modalities of Arsh have been told by Acharyas like Surgical, Para-Surgical and Conservatives. Acharya Shusruta explains four measures in the therapeutic plan: Bheshaja Chikitsa (Medication), Kshara karma (Chemical cautery), Agni karma (Thermal cauterization), and Shastra chikitsa (Surgery). Sushrua has described these four methods in detail, Sushruta's main treatise on surgery: That’s why he has laid special emphasis on surgery. Acharya charaka explained the conservative management (Bheshaja chikitsa) of haemorrhoids in detail in Chikitsa sthan chapter 14. In this article we will describe in detail the treatment given by Acharya Charak.

Comparing the efficacy of Agnikarma with therapeutic ultrasound in the management of tennis elbow - A randomised controlled preliminary study

BackgroundTennis elbow is a common musculoskeletal disease of elbow and causes restricted movement of forearm. Various treatment modalities like NSAID, corticosteroid injection, counter bracing, physiotherapy, surgery etc are available but safety and efficacy of one treatment over another is under research. Ayurveda classifies this condition as Snayugata vata. According to Sushruta, Agnikarma (thermal cautery) is the one among the treatment modalities for Snayugata vata. Previously published randomised controlled trials have shown that therapeutic ultrasound is safe and effective for tennis elbow. However, the comparative efficacy of these two treatment modalities is unknown. ObjectiveThis study compares the effects of Agnikarma (AGK) with Therapeutic Ultrasound (TUS) in reducing pain, tenderness and restores the ability to do various tasks. Materials and methodsA total of 30 patients were enrolled in the study as an open-label, double-armed, prospectively designed comparative clinical study, with 15 patients in each group. Group AGK received two sittings of Agnikarma and Group TUS received therapeutic ultrasound. To analyze the patients, three outcome measures were adopted: pain intensity, assessed with a Numerical Pain Rating Scale, tenderness – Grade 0 to Grade 4 (mentioned in Hutchinson's clinical methods) and pain and functional Disability assessed with the Patient Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) questionnaire. Assessment was done on 0th, 8th, 15th, 30th and 60th day. ResultTennis elbow can be effectively treated with AGK and TUS. (p < 0.001 for pain, tenderness and PRTEE). While comparing between the groups, on 8th day and 15th day statistically significant difference in pain and PRTEE (p < 0.05) was noted between AGK and TUS groups. Agnikarma showed better results than therapeutic ultrasound in pain management and showed an improved quality of life from 8th day onwards and for a period up to 2 months. ConclusionBoth Agnikarma and therapeutic ultrasound have roles in the management of tennis elbow. However, starting on the 8th day and continuing for up to 2 months, Agnikarma showed a significant benefit in pain management and improved status for quality of life.

Ayurvedic management of Nasa Arsha w.s.r. to Nasal Polyp - A Single Case Study

Arshas is described as one of the Asta Mahagada Roga by Acharyas and is also explained as a fourfold treatment such as Bheshaja, Shastra, Kshara and Agni Karma. The Nasa Arshas means Arshas located in the nasal cavity causing nasal obstruction. The predominant Dosha is Kapha and Dushya is Twak, Mamsa and Medho Dhatus. Nasa Arshas can be correlated with nasal polyps. Nasal polyps are non-neoplastic masses of oedematous, prolapsed, pendenculated nasal or sinus mucosa. It can be treated by medical and surgical methods. Prolonged usage of anti-histaminics, steroids, antibiotics, nasal decongestants cause drug resistance, decreases the immunity, rebound congestion and there is a lot of chance for reoccurrence, even after the surgery especially in ethmoidal polyp. In Ayurveda, several treatment modalities have been planned for the treatment of Arsha as Shastra Karma (operative procedure), Kshara Karma (applying some alkaline drugs), Agni Karma (cauterization) and Bhaishaja (conservative/medical treatment). Here the present case study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of Anu Taila Nasya with Shamanaoushadhas.

Trividha Anushastra Karma in Netraroga

Shalakya tantra, also known as Uttamanga Chikitsa, focuses on the vital sense organs situated above the Jatru-clavicle, addressing diseases of the head (Shiras), ear (Karna), eye (Netra), throat (Kanta), and nose (Nasa). The eye is considered as very important part of the body which performs the work of vision and due to its sensitive nature, it needs great care. Acharya Sushrutha outlines four treatment methods like Bheshaja, Shastra, Kshara and Agni karma as important treatment modalities. Anushastra karma are the para-surgical procedures, entail performing surgical interventions without the use of Shastras - sharp surgical instruments. Acharya Sushrutha has mentioned 14 types of Anushastras among which Jalaukavacharana, Agnikarma and Ksharakarma are given more importance and described in detail. Due to the pradhanyatwa of these three procedures in treatment they are also known as Trividha Anushastra karma. Along with Vata, Pitta and Kapha doshas, Rakta also plays a major role in causing different Netra rogas. So, it is advisable to go for safest Raktamokshana to do Dushita rakta dosha nirharana. In this article, an attempt is made to elaborate the complete knowledge of Anushastras used in different Netra rogas mentioned by our Acharyas. These procedures are simple, less time consuming, non-invasive, safe and cost-effective.

A Case Study on Effective Management of Arsha (II Degree Haemorrhoids) by Teekshna Kshar Pratisarana

Arsha, commonly known as haemorrhoids, is a prevalent medical condition characterized by dilated blood vessels in ano rectal region and they can cause bleeding, pain, mucous discharge, discomfort etc. The primary causes of Arsha include increased pressure on the rectal veins, commonly attributed to chronic constipation, prolonged sitting, and straining during bowel movements. Genetic predisposition and certain lifestyle factors, such as a sedentary lifestyle and low fiber diet, can also contribute to the development of haemorrhoids. Arsha requires a surgical technique in modern treatment, such as haemorrhoidectomy, rubber band ligation, and so on, but after sometime of excision there is great possibility of reappearance of the disease. But in Ayurveda, fourfold management of Arsha has been indicated viz., Bheshaja, Kshar karma, Agni karma and Shastra karma according to chronicity and presentation of the disease. In this case study, a 40 years old female patient presented with complaints of some mass coming out during defecation, bleeding, pain and mucous discharge while passing stool to the Shalya OPD, Rishikul Campus, Uttarakhand Ayurved University Haridwar. The patient was treated successfully with Kshar karma application. The pile mass, per rectal haemorrhage and mucous discharge was gone in 7 days and the patient was free of all symptoms within 15 days. The findings revealed that there are maximum advantages which are shared in this case study.

“A CASE STUDY ON AGNIKARMA W.S.R. QUADRICEPS TENDON”

The knee joint is one of the most heavily stressed joints in the human body, exhibiting a unique combination of stability and mobility. Its stability primarily relies on the quadriceps femoris and collateral ligaments. Unfortunately, due to the rising incidents of accidents and sports-related injuries, knee tendon injuries are becoming increasingly prevalent, with quadriceps tendon injuries being particularly common. Surgical reconstruction, often pursued for such injuries, does not always ensure a full return to previous levels of activity. The quadriceps tendon, composed of tendinous portions from the rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis muscles, plays a crucial role in knee function. These muscle fibers blend with the tendinous portion approximately 3 cm proximal to the superior border of the patella. In this single case study, an attempt was made to address a knee tendon injury using Ayurvedic treatment methods. A 38-year-old female suffering from a quadriceps tendon injury received treatment involving Agni Karma (therapeutic cauterization) and internal medicine. The treatment spanned over a period of 15 days, during which significant relief from pain was achieved, accompanied by noticeable improvement in knee joint mobility

An Evaluation of Modern Medical Approaches and Ayurvedic Practices in Surgical and Parasurgical Interventions for Venereal Diseases in Men

Shalyatantra, a significant section of Ayurveda, encompasses descriptions of surgical and para-surgical methods. Venereal diseases are illnesses often transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person, presenting a major global health concern, especially for pregnant women and newborns. Surgical and Para surgical interventions for venereal diseases in men are not widely known or discussed in Ayurveda. The scope and indications for these interventions are not well-explored. Common venereal diseases include chlamydial infection, gonorrhea, hepatitis, human papillomavirus, and genital herpes. If left untreated, chlamydia, a significant sexually transmitted bacterial infection, can lead to urethritis, which can be addressed through a surgical intervention known as perineal urethrostomy. Complications of gonorrhea, caused by the sexually transmitted bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoea, include phimosis, balanitis, and paraphimosis. These complications can be managed with surgical operations like the plastibell technique and circumcision. For Charmakeelam, parasurgical procedures such as Agni karma and Kshara karma are utilized for treatment. Genital herpes blisters can be surgically removed. In the case of Upadamsam, treatments like Siravyadham in Medramadhyam and Jalookavacharanam are listed as effective remedies for venereal disorders. Surgical procedures like Chedhanam, Bedhanam, and Visravanam, along with para-surgical techniques such as Kshara Karma, Agni Karma, and Jalookavacharanam, are described for various venereal diseases. In summary, both modern science and Ayurveda offer numerous surgical and para surgical methods to manage a wide range of ailments, including venereal diseases.

Prodigy Long-Established Solution in Degenerative Musculoskeletal Disease as Vishwachi with Special Reference to Cervical Spondylosis - A Novel Case Report

A rectifier that is a unique merger of the two utterly non-identical therapeutic procedures, namely Viddhakarma (piercing) and Agnikarma(thermal cauterization), collectively termed "Viddhagnikarma." It is a modification of the concept by the types of Agni karma procedure developed byAcharya Sushrut that states the use of different instruments for Agni karma at different sites. As muscles, tendons, and ligaments are deep structures, theheat produced must reach them via a medium that bypasses the skin to prevent skin burn, so viddhagnikarma was brought into play. Vishwachi can becorrelated to cervical spondylosis as they both have the same signs and symptoms. Vishwachi is most commonly found in the geriatric age group withsymptoms of morning stiffness at the cervical region, difficulty in neck movements, radiating pain, tingling sensation in the upper limb, and difficulty inneck movements. The study aims to relieve pain and regression in other symptoms by restoring normal neck and arm movements without adverseeffects. NSAID and many more have been more aggressively used and have to be replaced by some alternative therapy that is safe in the geriatric agegroup that is cheap comparatively.This case study introduces a therapeutic regimen called viddhagnikarma for pain management in an 81-year-old ladydiagnosed with Vishwachi (cervical spondylosis) that presented with no relief from topical analgesics and muscle relaxants. The patient has great reliefwithin two sittings, i.e., after 7 days, with no adverse effects.

Ayurvedic Management of Nasa Arsha w.s.r to Nasal Polyp

Shalakya tantra has given more importance among the eight branches of Ayurveda, for dealing with the vital sense organs located above the Jatru (clavicle), also considered as Uttamanga in Ayurveda. Arshas is described as one of the Asta mahagada roga by Acharyas and also explained fourfold treatment such as Bheshaja, Shastra, Kshara and Agni karma. The Nasa arshas means Arshas located in the nasal cavity causing nasal obstruction. The predominant Dosha is Kapha and Dushya are Twak, Mamsa and Medho dhatus. Nasaarshas can be correlated with nasal polyps. Nasal polyps are non-neoplastic masses of oedematous, prolapsed, pendenculated nasal or sinus mucosa. It can be treated by medical and surgical methods. Prolonged usage of anti-histaminics, steroids, antibiotics, nasal decongestants cause drug resistance, decreases the immunity, rebound congestion and there is a lot of chance for reoccurrence, even after the surgery especially in ethmoidal polyp. In Ayurveda the treatment modalities given are Apatarpana chikitsa, Vata anulomaka, Bala and Agni vardhaka chikitsa. Here the present case study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of Yava kshara nasa pichu, Shikhari taila nasya and Shamana oushadhas. Over all there is a significant improvement in the condition. Through Ayurveda we can treat nasal polyps non invasive, cost effectively and improving the quality of life.

Case Series to Evaluate the Efficacy of Selected Treatment Modality in the Management of Vātakantaka (Planter Fasciitis)

Heel pain is the most prevalent condition these days, and it affects 1 in 10 people at some point in their lives. Various disorders can cause heel discomfort, but one with a high prevalence rate is plantar fasciitis. Vātakantaka and Plantar Fasciitis may be connected in Ayurveda. Walking on an uneven surface and suffering repeated injuries cause Vāta Prakōpa (vitiation of humor), which develops a stinging pain similar to a thorn in the heel area and ultimately results in Vātakantaka. Adults’ heel pain is frequently brought on by plantar fasciitis. Pain that is particularly intense with the first few steps made in the morning is how the disorder typically shows. Plantar fasciitis typically resolves on its own. However, when there is less time between the onset of symptoms and the start of treatment, symptoms typically go away faster. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of selected treatment modalities in the management of Vātakantaka. Four case presentations with a follow-up of one month were studied. Treatment modality, including Ēranda Saptaka Kwātha, Yōgarāja Guggulu, Dhāthri Chūrna, Navarathna Kalka, Sarshapa Thaila, Ketakēla Pattu, and Agni Karma, was advised for four weeks. Pre- and post-treatment assessments of subjective and objective criteria were made. According to the results, most of the symptoms were healed 100%, while some were reduced up to 66.66% and 33.33%. It may be concluded that the selected treatment modality is a secure and reliable treatment for Vātakantaka.

Effect of Agnikarma in Perianal Subcutaneous Fistula- A Case Report

Fistula-in-ano is a debilitating disease affecting anorectal region. It is an abnormal tract lined with fibrous tissue and unhealthy granulation tissue. It usually begins from a perianal abscess caused by cryptoglandular infection. The abscess burst spontaneously and forms fistula-in-ano. It may also seen in association with other diseases like Crohn’s disease, lymphogranuloma venereum, actinomycosis, malignancy and TB. It is distressing to the patient and the surgeon due to its recurrent nature and the complications like postoperative incontinence. The disease can be classified as low anal and high anal fistulae on the basis of its internal opening. Perianal subcutaneous fistula is included under low anal fistula. Generally, the modern treatment measures for fistula-in-ano include fistulectomy, fistulotomy, advancement flaps, fistula clip closure, LIFT technique, VAAFT procedure, anal fistula plug repair, fibrin glue and seton technique. The prime aim of the treatment is to eradicate the tract and drain the site of infection while preserving anal continence. In Ayurveda, Fistula-in-ano can be correlated with Bhagandara on the basis of signs and symptoms. Since it is difficult to treat, Acharya Susruta considered it as one among Ashtamahagada. He described the treatment as Shastra Karma, Kshara Karma, Agni Karma. In the present case study, a 35-year old male patient visited the OPD with perianal subcutaneous fistula was selected for Agnikarma after fistulotomy to reduce the treatment period and to improve the quality of living. Daily dressing was done with Jathyadi ghrta and the patient was cured within 21 days of intervention. The follow up was done for next 3 months and no complications were noted.

Role of Jaloukavacharana in Management of Raktharshas (Thrombosed Hemorrhoids)

Arsha's is one among the Astamahagada, and a commonest ano-rectal disease with a wide range of symptoms. It affects all economic groups of the population. In Ayurveda, Arsha's is a growth of Mamsa with obstructs the anal opening. Anatomically anal canal is 51/2 Angula's length. A faulty lifestyle and dietary habits along with occupational and physical stress triggers the pathology of Arsha's. Doshic involvement includes Rakta along with Mamsa dhatu at Rakthavaha Dahmanis of Guda, which forms as Mamsa Ankura. Acharya Susrutha mentioned 4 curative measures for the treatment, they are Bhesaja, Kshara karma, Agni karma, Shastra karma. Hemorrhoids are dilated rectal veins. Thrombosed piles occur where there is high venous pressure, which is associated with severe pain, which hampers their daily routine, thereby they avoid defecation which leads to hardening of stool, constipation and rectal bleeding. The treatment includes the surgical excision of the thrombosed pile mass. A case study of thrombosed pile treated with Jaloukavacharana (leech therapy) has been recorded which has reduced the mass, pain, bleeding per rectum.

Symptoms Less Status of a Case of Bilateral Nasal Polyposis: A Case Report

Nasal Polyposis (N.P) is not simply mucosa oedema, but rather grape shaped, smooth, soft, freely mobile mucosal swellings that are often visible on anterior rhinoscopy. Polyps arise from the lateral wall of nose. N.P. may be present without clinically significant sinus disease and vice versa. In Ayurveda, polyposis can be understood with Nasa Arsha. Modern management includes antibiotic, systemic and topical corticosteroids, decongestants and surgery. And lot of chances for recurrence after surgery specially in Ethmoidal polyps. In Ayurveda, various treatment modalities have been proposed for the treatment of Arsha as Shastra karma (operative Procedure), Kshara karma (applying some alkaline drugs), Agni karma (cauterization) and Bhaishaja (conservative/medical treatment). Modern management includes antibiotic, systemic and topical corticosteroids, decongestants and surgery. And lot of chances for recurrence after surgery especially in Ethmoidal polyps. The reported case revealed that B/L ethmoidal polyps are high recurrence rate after surgery and can be managed with Ayurvedic medicine to give sustained relief from symptoms.

Agnikarma Intervention for Avabahuka (Frozen Shoulder): A Systematic Review

The Avabahuka is a common Vatavikar (disorder due to Vatadosha) described in ancient Ayurvedic literature like the Charak Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, etc. The Avabahuka disease affects Ansha sandhi (shoulder joint) and its clinical features are closer to the frozen shoulder (FS) of a modern musculoskeletal disorder, which is a common shoulder disorder. Synovial inflammation occurs in FS, followed by capsular fibrosis. The shoulder joint becomes gradually painful and stiff with a reduction in range of motion. Numerous treatment modalities are available for the treatment of Avabahuka as well as frozen shoulder. Traditional and surgical approaches are in practice, but each one has its limitations. Agnikarma, the intentional therapeutic heat burn therapy is an Ayurvedic treatment modality practice for the treatment of Avabahuka. The aim and objective is to prepare a comprehensive literature review of the subject. The study design is systematic literature review. The related article was searched in Ayurvedic text books and on the web. The matters were also searched on google scholar, PubMed, chochrane library, scopus library etc which are available. The thorough study of searched available matters, drafted, analysed and then draw a conclusion. The review suggests that the Agni karma intervention is an effective treatment modality in Avabahuka disease. This review is appraisal of available matters and is very helpful for researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceuticals companies who are involved or plan the work in particular subjects. Summarily this systematic review shows that the Agnikarma is helpful for the management of Avabahuka by virtue of heat and its vata and kaphashaamak nature. Agnikarma improves rasarakta circulation by its ushna (hotness), sukshma(penetration) and ashukari(fast acting) quality. Some more research studies are desired for experimental and clinical validation.

MANAGEMENT OF ARSHO-BHAGANDHARA: A CASE STUDY

Ayurveda is based on time tested observations and medical experiences. It has immense potential in solving many challenging and unresolved problems of the medical world. Arshas (Haemorrhoids) and Bhagandhara (Fistula in Ano) are the most common diseases occurring in the Ano-rectal region. Ayurvedic literature had mentioned Sastra Karmas (surgical procedures) and Anusastra Karma (Para surgical procedures) like Kshara Karma, Kshara Sutra &amp; Agni Karma in the management of these diseases. In Anorectal disorders, some cases have both piles and fistula-in-ano. It is difficult to treat both diseases simultaneously, leading to a bad prognosis. In modern literature, operative techniques like hemorrhoidectomy, Fistulectomy and Fistulotomy are mentioned. After modern surgery, severe postoperative complications like recurrent sepsis, continuous serous discharge, faecal incontinence, and the high recurrence rate is a matter of great concern. Arsho-Bhagandhara is a rare case in which a patient suffers from Arshas and Bhagandhara. This case report describes the successful management of Arsho-Bhagandhara. Here we operated on the patient diagnosed with Arsho-Bhagandhara, the details of which are furnished in the below article. Ksharalepa for internal piles masses was done on OT, and Ksharasutra application in fistula was made. Ksharasutra was changed every seventh day, and simultaneous cutting and healing of the tract were observed. The piles and fistula track wound healed within two months entirely without complication. This case demonstrated the advantages of Ksharalepa and Ksharasutra in the successful management of piles and fistula at the same time.

CLINICAL EFFICACY OF ARDHAMATRIKA BASTI IN GRIDHRASI

Gridhrasi, one among the Nanatmaja Vikara, specific Nidana and Samprapti is not explained in classics so that the general Vata Vyadi Nidhana Samprapthi can be considered. The Chikitsa of Gridhrasi includes Sneha, Sweda, Bastikarma and Agni karma. Generally, Basti is the best line of treatment for Vata dosa. References from Acharya Charaka also explain Basti as one of the treatment modalities. With the support of Niruhadikara in Chakradhatta, we have the reference of Ardhamatrika Basti, which is one among Kashaya Basti, here he explains the practical utility along with many added benefits of Bala, Varna, Vrushatha and Pumsavanathva which gifted by Atreya Maharshi. Ardhamatrika Basti, one among Madhutailika Basti (having an equal quantity of Madhu and Taila), can be clinically explored where neither Parihara Kala nor Purva karma like Sneha, Sweda are necessary. The study design selected for the study was a comprehensive clinical trial. The sample size for the present study was 30 patients suffering from Gridrasi as per the selection criteria. Patients were randomly selected irrespective of sex and were treated with Ardhmatrika Basti as a yoga Basti for eight days. Among 30 patients taken for study, marked improvement in the symptomatology of the disease is obtained. 26.7% of patients got complete Shamana, 36.7% achieved Prayika shamana, 30% reported Amsika shamana, and 6.6% had Kinchit shamana. In the assessment criteria taken in patients, Ruja BT - 2.68 after follow up reduced to 1.8, Spandana BT - 2.38 after follow up reduced to 1.73, Sakthana Utksepa-nigraha BT - 2.82 after follow up reduced to 1.58, Gourava BT - 2.5 after follow up reduced to 1.7, Arochaka BT - 2.22 after follow up reduced to 1.87. This result shows that the present study of Ardhamatrika Basti has given a marked improvement in treating Gridhrasi.

Nimba (Azadirachta Indica) Pratisaraneeya Teekshna Kshara: A Comprehensive Review

Ayurveda promises, a disease free, happy and long life. Among the eight branches of Ayurveda, each branch consists of enormous knowledge from basic concepts up to critical health care strategies. Shalya tantra a prime branch in Astanga Ayurveda is the rich in many aspects of modern surgical concepts. This branch has immense potential to belt the solution of many challenging and unresolved complicated surgical ailments. Acharya Sushruta the pioneer in the field of surgery described four principles therapeutic types in the management of Arshas i.e., Bheshaja, Kshara karma, Agni Karma and Shastra Karma. Ayurvedic approach especially Kshara Karma stood for better than modern therapeutic option in terms of safety, easy, low cost, devoid of post operative complications and can be done as OPD procedure with minimal set up. Nimba pratisaraneeya kshara has been mentioned throughout the classical literature for Arsha, described as an Upakrama and is substitute for surgical procedure. Nimba pratisaraneeya teekshna kshara which is having antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties and is specially told by Acharya Sushruta. It can be successfully used in the management of Ardra Arshas without any post operative complications. Pratisaraneeya kshara is external application of Kshara whereas internal use of Kshara is known as Paniya kshara. Acharya Dalhana the commentator of Sushruta explained that the substance which produces Shodhana of bodily Dosha, Dhatu, Maladi because of its Ksharana action is called Kshara. It is known as Kshara (alkali) also because of its corrosive nature (Ksharana) Kshara is having benefits like Chedana, Bhedana, Lekhana, Shodhana and Ropana properties with early hemostasis and total eradication of infection, so that it reduces recurrence, helps for the wound healing and also the duration of treatment is less. Though many researchers have been carried on Nimba till date, this review is done to highlight the significance of Kshara property in Nimba along with its therapeutic use